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Visual Tree Assessment (VTA), mechanistic models, wind load predictions and pulling tests or Tree-Statics, have been so far the dominant methods for assessing the risk of uprooting and breaking of trees, both in commercial arboriculture and forestry. Regarding the VTA of Mattheck, its main foundations such as the axiom of uniform stress, compression forks and supposed compression-failure-induced wrinkles on the bark, are suggestive of pseudoscience. It is also shown that the published “Generalised Tipping Curve” (GTC) of Wessolly, which allegedly predicts the uprooting of trees combined with commercial wind load analysis software, pulling tests, inclinometers, strain gauges, accelerometers and motion sensors, is suggestive of either misinformation or being erroneous. Also two other uprooting curves will be presented, based on real pulling tests, although then all three curves seem to invalidate each other. And comparison with a simple “beam fixed on a half sphere” model also raises doubts regarding the real source and validity of the GTC, suggesting data manipulation or fabrication. Also a surprising finding regarding highly-cited and influential claims on dynamics is shared. All the findings were condensed into one simple mechanistic model that faithfully reproduces the results of commercial pulling tests and related software, on a simple spreadsheet. A model such as this, license-free and at no cost, would be very attractive, and especially in low-income countries. This paper also analyses influential proclamations that may have sprouted from flawed research practices. A wide range of papers, published by predatory journals, were found that perpetuated dubious, false or misleading claims. Unconscious bias or negligent research practices can give birth to potentially harmful products and practices, which in turn can lead to loss of life and limbs or legal and societal consequences. Trees and palms that have been assessed over the last three decades as “safe” could thus be dangerous, and vice versa. Therefore this study is deemed to be a crucial contribution, while it has far-reaching consequences and concerns a wide public.

Provide a comprehensive exploration and a detailed synthesis of the available research methodology evidence concerning the multi-component screening tests (MCST) and player workload (WL) monitorization strategies in relation to injury risk in elite female football players

Provide a comprehensive exploration and a detailed synthesis of the available research methodology evidence concerning the multi-component screening tests (MCST) and player workload (WL) monitorization strategies in relation to injury risk in elite female football players

This report describes the findings of two half-day focus group meetings that discussed experiences and concerns about the participation of students with disabilities in Minnesota's Basic Standards Exams. The focus groups included test coordinators, general classroom teachers, and special education teachers. The report discusses: (1) experiences during the Spring 1996 testing, including information on the level of participation by students with disabilities, how participation decisions were made, and provision accommodations; (2) suggestions for future test administration, including information on district decision making processes and determining levels of participation; (3) future district needs, including the need for information about the performance of students with disabilities on the tests separate from students in general education, more information about the tests, training and support from the state for both school personnel and parents, and other needs; and (4) district concerns, including general concerns about Basic Standards Tests, Basic Standards Test accommodations for written composition, resources for accommodations, focus on remedial efforts to pass the tests at the expense of other types of learning experiences, use of data, equity issues, and other concerns. (CR)

This report discusses the findings of a study that examined the participation and performance of students with disabilities in the 1996 Minnesota Basic Standards Tests in reading and mathematics. Results indicated that approximately 70 percent of Minnesota's 8th grade students with disabilities participated in the Basic Standards Tests during the 1995-1996 school year, compared to participation rates of about 85 percent overall for students without disabilities. Participation varied by disability category, as well as by content area. In reading, the lowest participation rate was demonstrated by students with moderate-severe mental impairments, followed by students with autism. The higher participation rates in reading were demonstrated by students with speech/language disabilities, followed by other health impairments, and students with learning disabilities. In math, the lowest and highest participation rates were found in the same categories as for reading. The overall passing rate for students without disabilities was approximately 70 percent. In contrast, only 24 percent of the test-takers with disabilities passed the Basic Standards Test in reading. For the Basic Standards Test in math, 83 percent of students without disabilities passed the test, while students with disabilities passed the test at a much lower rate, at about 38 percent. (Contains 11 references.) (CR)

This report discusses the findings of a study that examined the participation and performance of students with disabilities in the 1996 Minnesota Basic Standards Tests in reading and mathematics. Results indicated that approximately 70 percent of Minnesota's 8th grade students with disabilities participated in the Basic Standards Tests during the 1995-1996 school year, compared to participation rates of about 85 percent overall for students without disabilities. Participation varied by disability category, as well as by content area. In reading, the lowest participation rate was demonstrated by students with moderate-severe mental impairments, followed by students with autism. The higher participation rates in reading were demonstrated by students with speech/language disabilities, followed by other health impairments, and students with learning disabilities. In math, the lowest and highest participation rates were found in the same categories as for reading. The overall passing rate for students without disabilities was approximately 70 percent. In contrast, only 24 percent of the test-takers with disabilities passed the Basic Standards Test in reading. For the Basic Standards Test in math, 83 percent of students without disabilities passed the test, while students with disabilities passed the test at a much lower rate, at about 38 percent. (Contains 11 references.) (CR)

xv, 88 p. ; 28 cm

This publication compiles materials related to the October 13, 1999 public hearing before California State senate committees concerning the misuse of standardized test scores in deciding admissions to college. Section I, "Introduction," contains the hearing announcement, agenda, and a background paper. Section II, "U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights," contains a prepared statement on the appropriate use of tests for high-stakes decisions, along with draft documents on test use and non-discrimination. Section III, "The College Board Reports," provides data on the state's Advanced Placement (AP) Challenge and 1999 California SAT scores. The last section contains reprints of relevant news articles. (EV)

This publication compiles materials related to the October 13, 1999 public hearing before California State senate committees concerning the misuse of standardized test scores in deciding admissions to college. Section I, "Introduction," contains the hearing announcement, agenda, and a background paper. Section II, "U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights," contains a prepared statement on the appropriate use of tests for high-stakes decisions, along with draft documents on test use and non-discrimination. Section III, "The College Board Reports," provides data on the state's Advanced Placement (AP) Challenge and 1999 California SAT scores. The last section contains reprints of relevant news articles. (EV)

Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA) released the first comprehensive study of assessment perceptions in 2012 that surveyed parents, teachers, and district administrators. In the intervening years, the landscape has shifted dramatically; indeed, it continues to shift every day. With new standards, accountability assessments, and ways of evaluating the impact of teachers on student achievement, NWEA wanted to gauge student awareness of the changes, and understand what value--if any--they perceive in educational testing. In 2014, with the release of this second study, a special urgency was to to add the student voice to this dialogue. Students' candor and sophistication in parsing educational activities are among the most notable findings in the survey. NWEA learned that there is an urgency felt on the part of students, teachers, and district administrators to emphasize assessment for learning rather than for accountability. [NWEA acknowledges the cooperation of Grunwald Associates LLC in conducting the research for this report. For the 2012 report: "For Every Child, Multiple Measures: What Parents and Educators Want from K-12 Assessments," see ED529277.]

The federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) brought new challenges and opportunities for the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA). Like many states, Pennsylvania was faced with adding assessments in grades 4, 6 and 7 in reading and mathematics. However, unlike most states, Pennsylvania did not respond to NCLB by simply adding required tests; rather, it decided to take the unusual action of culling core content from its overall academic standards and targeting this content on its assessments. This attempt to focus on the durable, lifelong knowledge and skills that students should acquire and retain is a worthwhile effort. At the request of state officials, Achieve reviewed Pennsylvania's newly established Assessment Anchors and related Eligible Content statements in reading and mathematics and analyzed their alignment with the state's assessments. This report summarizes Achieve's findings and provides recommendations for strengthening Pennsylvania's comprehensive system of standards and tests. Biographies of Achieve's benchmarking staff, consultants, and expert reviewers are appended. (Contains 1 footnote.)

Contents of this book include the following papers, followed by discussion and comment: "Malnutrition and Animal Behavior," David A. Levitsky and Richard H. Barnes; "Malnutrition in Infants," Henry N. Ricciuti; "Nutrition and the Community," David J. Kallen; "A Methodological Note: The Development of Visual Attention in Infants," A. C. Mundy-Castle; "Some Methodological Problems in Field Studies of Nutrition and Intelligence," Robert E. Klein, Jean-Pierre Habicht and Charles Yarbrough; "Nutrition and Behavior in Head Start Children: Results from the Tulane Study," Jefferson L. Sulzer, Wesley J. Hansche and Frederick Koenig; "Nutrition and Behavior: Practical Problems in Field Studies in an Urban Community," Fernando E. Monckeberg; "Behavioral Intervention Studies with Malnourished Children. . .," Harrison E. McKay, Arlene McKay and Leonardo Sinisterra; "Cognitive Development," Jerome Kagan; "Assessment of Cognitive Development in Deprivation and Malnutrition," Francisco Cobos and Luis Guevara; "Social Stratum and Restricted Life Chances," F. B. Waisanen and Eugenio Fonseco T.; "Modernization as a Strategy in Nutrition and Mental Development Research," Alfredo Mendez D.; "Competence and Options: A Theoretical Essay, Implications for Nutritional Research," Marvin B. Sussman; "Measuring Role Competence," Sigmund E. Dragastin; "Behavioral and Social Aspects," A. Kimball Romney; "Medical and Environmental Aspects," Joseph J. Vitale; and, "Concluding Remarks," Joginder G. Chopra. (JM)

Contents of this book include the following papers, followed by discussion and comment: "Malnutrition and Animal Behavior," David A. Levitsky and Richard H. Barnes; "Malnutrition in Infants," Henry N. Ricciuti; "Nutrition and the Community," David J. Kallen; "A Methodological Note: The Development of Visual Attention in Infants," A. C. Mundy-Castle; "Some Methodological Problems in Field Studies of Nutrition and Intelligence," Robert E. Klein, Jean-Pierre Habicht and Charles Yarbrough; "Nutrition and Behavior in Head Start Children: Results from the Tulane Study," Jefferson L. Sulzer, Wesley J. Hansche and Frederick Koenig; "Nutrition and Behavior: Practical Problems in Field Studies in an Urban Community," Fernando E. Monckeberg; "Behavioral Intervention Studies with Malnourished Children. . .," Harrison E. McKay, Arlene McKay and Leonardo Sinisterra; "Cognitive Development," Jerome Kagan; "Assessment of Cognitive Development in Deprivation and Malnutrition," Francisco Cobos and Luis Guevara; "Social Stratum and Restricted Life Chances," F. B. Waisanen and Eugenio Fonseco T.; "Modernization as a Strategy in Nutrition and Mental Development Research," Alfredo Mendez D.; "Competence and Options: A Theoretical Essay, Implications for Nutritional Research," Marvin B. Sussman; "Measuring Role Competence," Sigmund E. Dragastin; "Behavioral and Social Aspects," A. Kimball Romney; "Medical and Environmental Aspects," Joseph J. Vitale; and, "Concluding Remarks," Joginder G. Chopra. (JM)

Since exhaust plumes affect vehicle base environment (pressure and heat loads) and the orbiter vehicle aerodynamic control surface effectiveness, an intensive program involving detailed analytical and experimental investigations of the exhaust plume/vehicle interaction was undertaken as a pertinent part of the overall space shuttle development program. The program, called the Plume Technology program, has as its objective the determination of the criteria for simulating rocket engine (in particular, space shuttle propulsion system) plume-induced aerodynamic effects in a wind tunnel environment. The comprehensive experimental program was conducted using test facilities at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and Ames Research Center. A post-test examination of some of the experimental results obtained from NASA-MSFC's 14 x 14-inch trisonic wind tunnel is presented. A description is given of the test facility, simulant gas supply system, nozzle hardware, test procedure and test matrix. Analysis of exhaust plume flow fields and comparison of analytical and experimental exhaust plume data are presented.

The present scoping review aims to investigate and answer which tests from the Central Auditory Processing Assessment battery are used with elderly people in the investigation of early manifestations of pathological cognitive decline and dementia. Detecting dementia early is a strategy that helps slow the progression of the disease. In aging, however, the distinction between normal and pathological cognitive decline can be difficult. This requires the assessment of pre-symptomatic progression, such as biochemical analyses, imaging exams, as well as cognitive tests. Another approach involves the use of Central Auditory Processing assessment tests, which are presented as a possible alternative to determine whether central auditory dysfunctions can determine early manifestations of dementia, such as Alzheimer's Disease. The search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, LIVIVO, Embase and Scopus databases. Gray literature was also consulted through Google Scholar and ProQuest

The Materials and Processes Laboratory evaluation of Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB) and Solid Rocket Motors (SRM) candidate material, both in-house and with ocean exposure tests at Panama City and Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida is presented. Early sample tests showed excellent seawater corrosion resistance for inconel 718 and titanium 6A1-4V alloys. Considerable corrosion and biofouling occurred with bare 2219-T87 aluminum. Subsequent tests conclusively demonstrated that epoxy coatings prevented corrosion of 2219-T87 aluminum as long as the coatings stays intact. The results and assessment of the series of ocean environmental tests that were conducted are also presented.

The tests were performed with the helicopters BO 105 and UH-1D. Closely connected with tactical demands the six test pilots' task was to minimize the time and the altitude over the obstacles. The data reduction yields statistical evaluation parameters describing the control activity of the pilots and the achieved task performance. The results are shown in form of evaluation diagrams. Additionally dolphin tests with varied control strategy were performed to get more insight into the influence of control techniques. From these test results recommendations can be derived to emphasize the direct force control and to reduce the collective to pitch crosscoupling for the dolphin.

The simple model of Sterken (2021) can be adapted to simulate bending moments and failure index (FI) of Gonzalez (2015). To this end, the palm was envisaged as a hollow wind turbine tower under pure longitudinal bending stress. This envisaging of the palm stem cross section as if it was a concentric ring was based on the suggestions of Winter (1996), Gibson (2012) and Wu et al. (2016). This simulation, with the help of simple beam theory as described above, enables to shed light on the (in)applicability of that theory for palm risk assessment. It is shown how also a simple equation for Brazier buckling could simulate FI of Gonzalez (2015). However, it is not the intention to offer an advanced model for risk assessments of the failure potential of palms, but only to support the offered analyses. The goal of this study is to explain the wide range of factors that may influence the mechanical behaviour of palms under (wind) loading, while the remarks could serve as suggestions for future research leads on this subject.

We deal with the attempts to measure the Lense-Thirring effect with the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technique applied to the existing LAGEOS and LAGEOS II terrestrial satellites and to the recently approved LARES spacecraft.The first issue addressed here is: are the so far published evaluations of the systematic uncertainty induced by the bad knowledge of the even zonal harmonic coefficients J_L of the multipolar expansion of the Earth's geopotential reliable and realistic? Our answer is negative. Indeed, if the differences Delta J_L among the even zonals estimated in different Earth's gravity field global solutions from the dedicated GRACE mission are assumed for the uncertainties delta J_L instead of using their covariance sigmas sigma_JL, it turns out that the systematic uncertainty \delta\mu in the Lense-Thirring test with the nodes Omega of LAGEOS and LAGEOS II may be up to 3 to 4 times larger than in the evaluations so far published ($5-10%$) based on the use of the sigmas of one model at a time separately. The second issue consists of the possibility of using a different approach in extracting the relativistic signature of interest from the LAGEOS-type data. The third issue is the possibility of reaching a realistic total accuracy of 1% with LAGEOS, LAGEOS II and LARES, which should be launched in November 2009 with a VEGA rocket. While LAGEOS and LAGEOS II fly at altitudes of about 6000 km, LARES will be likely placed at an altitude of 1450 km. Thus, it will be sensitive to much more even zonals than LAGEOS and LAGEOS II. Their corrupting impact has been evaluated with the standard Kaula's approach up to degree L=60 by using Delta J_L and sigma_JL; it turns out that it may be as large as some tens percent.

An instrumented burst tester was developed that is capable of determining the precise internal pressure level at which a polytray package develops a small leak or explosively bursts. The total cost of fabricating a burst tester is approximately $5,000. Burst test results correlated well with peel strengths. It was found that non-defective seals from Vendors I and 3 performed very similarly. Defective polytray seals (entrapped matter, blisters, etc.) from Vendor I showed a large decrease in seal strength, while polytrays from Vendor 3 with short seal and entrapped matter defects showed no decrease in seal strength compared to non-defective seals. Finite element modeling showed that an internal pressure burst test adequately stresses the seal in all three possible crack propagation modes and another test to specifically test the seal in shear is not necessary. The non-contact ultrasonic inspection methods studied (airborne and laser-based) were either too slow or too insensitive to be feasible for 10O% online inspection of polytrays. The heat seal failure path always migrated to polyester/nylon bond in quad layer lid film before final failure of the seal.

Current methods such as the Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) of Mattheck and the pulling tests of Wessolly (SIM) and others will be analysed here. It will be shown that the published “Generalised Tipping Curve” (GTC), which purportedly predicts the uprooting of trees based on empirical data, is suggestive of misinformation. Entirely different SIM and other curves were found that had already been in use since at least 1983 by comparatively unknown authors and 2003 (SIM curve) until now. This paper also analyses highly-cited and influential proclamations regarding the GTC and the “dynamic” versus “quasi-static” WLA, that may have, quite simply, sprouted from unconscious research bias.

A study was undertaken to obtain direct empirical evidence for the validity and usefulness of English as a second language (ESL) placement of a shortened version of the Secondary Level English Proficiency (SLEP) Test being used in the Los Angeles Community College District (LACCD) and locally developed and scored writing tests. The LACCD provided scores on the shortened version of the SLEP and the writing samples, grades in English, and background data for over 10,000 students. Patterns of performance and concurrent relationships among scores on components of the LACCD placement battery were noted. Observed levels of correlation among scores and student performance in courses (grades earned) by course and college, and in various subgroups, were analyzed. Also considered was the extent to which observed relationships were influenced by nonvalidity-related factors. Findings provided direct evidence that the shortened SLEP and locally developed writing tests were providing valid information regarding ESL proficiency, and that they appear to be an effective basis for placing students within practical time constraints. One exhibit, 22 tables, and 6 figures present study data. Three appendixes contain an additional nine tables of supplemental information. (Contains 23 references.) (Author/SLD)

This report provides an analysis and discussion of the participation and performance of eighth-grade students with disabilities on the 1996, 1997, and 1998 Minnesota Basic Standards Tests in Reading and Math. The data show significant increases in participation of students with and without disabilities. In particular, participation of students receiving special education services increased from 71 percent to 89 percent from 1996 to 1998 for the math tests, and from 69 percent to 89 percent from 1996 to 1998 for the reading tests. Students with a primary diagnosis of a learning disability had the highest participation rate in 1998, 97 percent, in both reading and math. The lowest number of participants included students with moderate to severe mental impairments. However, even this group, with participation of only 3 percent in 1996 and 1 percent in 1997, saw an increase of participation to 12 percent in 1998. The performance of students with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) on the tests remained between 41 percent and 47 percent lower than that of students without IEPs. Appendices include federal requirements for participation in assessments and a list of allowable testing accommodations on the Basic Standards Tests. (CR)

This report provides an analysis and discussion of the participation and performance of eighth-grade students with disabilities on the 1996, 1997, and 1998 Minnesota Basic Standards Tests in Reading and Math. The data show significant increases in participation of students with and without disabilities. In particular, participation of students receiving special education services increased from 71 percent to 89 percent from 1996 to 1998 for the math tests, and from 69 percent to 89 percent from 1996 to 1998 for the reading tests. Students with a primary diagnosis of a learning disability had the highest participation rate in 1998, 97 percent, in both reading and math. The lowest number of participants included students with moderate to severe mental impairments. However, even this group, with participation of only 3 percent in 1996 and 1 percent in 1997, saw an increase of participation to 12 percent in 1998. The performance of students with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) on the tests remained between 41 percent and 47 percent lower than that of students without IEPs. Appendices include federal requirements for participation in assessments and a list of allowable testing accommodations on the Basic Standards Tests. (CR)

Three Army tests of spatial aptitude; Assembling Objects, Figural Reasoning, and Orientation were included in the Enhanced Computer Administered Testing (ECAT) project. ECAT was a joint service effort to evaluate measures for possible addition to future versions of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). Because both practice and coaching effects might threaten the long-term validity of these tests, U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences researchers assessed their susceptibility to such effects. Overall, we found coaching and practice effects that are comparable to those obtained in previous research using spatial tests. The Orientation test was the only measure for which specific coaching led to significantly larger effect sizes than did practice alone. These results have ramifications for future research and development, such as exploring ways to: lower the susceptibility of the Orientation test to coaching, and reduce practice effects on the Assembling Objects and Figural Reasoning tests. We hope these activities help to ensure the long term validity of these Army tests.

Three Army tests of spatial aptitude; Assembling Objects, Figural Reasoning, and Orientation were included in the Enhanced Computer Administered Testing (ECAT) project. ECAT was a joint service effort to evaluate measures for possible addition to future versions of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). Because both practice and coaching effects might threaten the long-term validity of these tests, U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences researchers assessed their susceptibility to such effects. Overall, we found coaching and practice effects that are comparable to those obtained in previous research using spatial tests. The Orientation test was the only measure for which specific coaching led to significantly larger effect sizes than did practice alone. These results have ramifications for future research and development, such as exploring ways to: lower the susceptibility of the Orientation test to coaching, and reduce practice effects on the Assembling Objects and Figural Reasoning tests. We hope these activities help to ensure the long term validity of these Army tests.

viii, 117 pages : 21 cm

viii, 117 pages : 21 cm

viii, 117 pages : 21 cm

Perma.cc archive of https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/diagnosis/assessment-process-tests?documentID=260 created on 2022-02-07 17:05:06.326582+00:00.

Book number two in the Test Access Series, promoting accessibility of testing materials for persons who are blind or visually impaired.

Book number two in the Test Access Series, promoting accessibility of testing materials for persons who are blind or visually impaired.

Objective: In this article, we focus on assessing two key predictors of outcomes in Bipolar Disorder (BD): cognition and functionality performance, and researching for a correlation between them. Methods: Subjects were patients with BD in the euthymic phase (n=50), and healthy controls (n=25). Psychosocial functioning was evaluated using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), and the same group underwent the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) to assess the Executive Functions (EF). Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance or the chi-square test. To verify a correlation between FAB and FAST tests, we used the Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Results: Patients with BD showed higher FAST total scores (24.60±11.09) than healthy controls (9.80±5.94) (p < 0.001), and patients with BD showed lower FAB total scores (13.56±2.81) than healthy control (15.72±1.64) (p

Objective: In this article, we focus on assessing two key predictors of outcomes in Bipolar Disorder (BD): cognition and functionality performance, and researching for a correlation between them. Methods: Subjects were patients with BD in the euthymic phase (n=50), and healthy controls (n=25). Psychosocial functioning was evaluated using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), and the same group underwent the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) to assess the Executive Functions (EF). Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance or the chi-square test. To verify a correlation between FAB and FAST tests, we used the Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Results: Patients with BD showed higher FAST total scores (24.60±11.09) than healthy controls (9.80±5.94) (p < 0.001), and patients with BD showed lower FAB total scores (13.56±2.81) than healthy control (15.72±1.64) (p

Objective: In this article, we focus on assessing two key predictors of outcomes in Bipolar Disorder (BD): cognition and functionality performance, and researching for a correlation between them. Methods: Subjects were patients with BD in the euthymic phase (n=50), and healthy controls (n=25). Psychosocial functioning was evaluated using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), and the same group underwent the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) to assess the Executive Functions (EF). Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance or the chi-square test. To verify a correlation between FAB and FAST tests, we used the Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Results: Patients with BD showed higher FAST total scores (24.60±11.09) than healthy controls (9.80±5.94) (p < 0.001), and patients with BD showed lower FAB total scores (13.56±2.81) than healthy control (15.72±1.64) (p

Journal of the American Society of Professional Graphologists, Vol. V, 1999 ISSN: 1048-390X

Journal of the American Society of Professional Graphologists, Vol. V, 1999 ISSN: 1048-390X

Doppler imaging (DI) is a powerful spectroscopic inversion technique that enables conversion of a line profile time series into a two-dimensional map of the stellar surface inhomogeneities. In this paper we investigate the accuracy of chemical abundance DI of Ap/Bp stars and assess the impact of several different systematic errors on the reconstructed spot maps. We simulate spectroscopic observational data for different spot distributions in the presence of a moderately strong dipolar magnetic field. We then reconstruct chemical maps using different sets of spectral lines and making different assumptions about line formation in the inversion calculations. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that a modern DI code successfully recovers the input chemical spot distributions comprised of multiple circular spots at different latitudes or an element overabundance belt at the magnetic equator. For the optimal reconstruction the average reconstruction errors do not exceed ~0.10 dex. The errors increase to about 0.15 dex when abundance distributions are recovered from a few and/or blended spectral lines. Ignoring a 2.5 kG dipolar magnetic field in chemical abundance DI leads to an average relative error of 0.2 dex and maximum errors of 0.3 dex. Similar errors are encountered if a DI inversion is carried out neglecting a non-uniform continuum brightness distribution and variation of the local atmospheric structure. This series of numerical DI simulations proves that inversions with simplifying assumptions of the non-magnetic radiative transfer and a single model atmosphere are generally reliable. We assess magnetic field strengths of several dozen Ap/Bp stars previously studied with DI methods, concluding that the vast majority of the published chemical spot maps are unaffected by the systematic errors addressed in this paper. (Abridged)

Doppler imaging (DI) is a powerful spectroscopic inversion technique that enables conversion of a line profile time series into a two-dimensional map of the stellar surface inhomogeneities. In this paper we investigate the accuracy of chemical abundance DI of Ap/Bp stars and assess the impact of several different systematic errors on the reconstructed spot maps. We simulate spectroscopic observational data for different spot distributions in the presence of a moderately strong dipolar magnetic field. We then reconstruct chemical maps using different sets of spectral lines and making different assumptions about line formation in the inversion calculations. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that a modern DI code successfully recovers the input chemical spot distributions comprised of multiple circular spots at different latitudes or an element overabundance belt at the magnetic equator. For the optimal reconstruction the average reconstruction errors do not exceed ~0.10 dex. The errors increase to about 0.15 dex when abundance distributions are recovered from a few and/or blended spectral lines. Ignoring a 2.5 kG dipolar magnetic field in chemical abundance DI leads to an average relative error of 0.2 dex and maximum errors of 0.3 dex. Similar errors are encountered if a DI inversion is carried out neglecting a non-uniform continuum brightness distribution and variation of the local atmospheric structure. This series of numerical DI simulations proves that inversions with simplifying assumptions of the non-magnetic radiative transfer and a single model atmosphere are generally reliable. We assess magnetic field strengths of several dozen Ap/Bp stars previously studied with DI methods, concluding that the vast majority of the published chemical spot maps are unaffected by the systematic errors addressed in this paper. (Abridged)

p. cm

Reading and mathematics objectives measured by the eighth grade tests of the Georgia Criterion-Referenced Tests are described. This guide was designed to familiarize the teacher with assessment characteristics for each objective. Objectives in concept identification, component operations, and problem solving are defined for mathematics. All concepts and operations are examined in academic, everyday, and employment contexts. Similarly, in reading, objectives are defined for the areas of literal and inferential comprehenion, and problem solving, in academic, everyday, and employment contexts. Examples of questions are provided for each objective and the assessment characteristics are defined to show the content required of the grade level. The strategies students may be using for incorrect options are outlined for each sample question. (SLD)

Includes bibliographical references (p. 431-460) and indexes

This research assessed the relationship between scores on new Project A tests of spatial ability and performance in the Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS) program, including military orienteering (i.e., navigating over unfamiliar territory from a drop-off point to a prescribed destination). Candidates in two SFAS classes took the Project A Map, Orientation, and Maze tests. Researchers also used two measures of general cognitive ability and a measure of physical fitness as predictor scores. Criterion data were gathered as candidates proceeded through the SFAS program. The authors performed a series of univariate and multivariate analyses on these data. The major results indicate that (a) spatial scores are moderately related to scores on individual military orienteering tasks, (b) certain spatial tests scores and scores on the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) lead to modest increases in the predictability of overall orienteering performance and graduation from the SFAS program, and (c) spatial, cognitive, and APFT scores do not lead to any appreciable improvement in the prediction of voluntary and involuntary attrition.

This paper presents the online cognitive and algorithm tests, which were developed in order to determine if certain cognitive factors and fundamental algorithms correlate with the performance of students in their introductory computer science course. The tests were implemented among Management Information Systems majors from the Philippines and among the students of the Information Systems track in a technology high school in Japan. The cognitive factor, Spatial Scanning, correlated significantly with the performance of both student groups in introductory computer science. Among the algorithms, Maze Tracing correlated with the university students' final grade and Binary Search with the midterm exam result of the high school students. The online tests also showed significant correlations among Searching, Sorting and Maze Tracing algorithms. The obtained correlations may be considered in creating assessment tools and in designing learning strategies for introductory computer science courses for both university and high school levels. (Contains 2 figures and 1 table.) [For the complete proceedings, "Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA) (Madrid, Spain, Oct 19-21, 2012)," see ED542606.]

The purpose of this report was to identify former English language learner (ELL) students and to know how they as a group had performed on 2006 TAKS. This is part 2 of a 2-report series. [For part 1, see ED619482.]

As part of a larger study of implementation of alternative assessment, a survey of parent opinions about standardized tests and performance assessments was conducted in three elementary schools. In the three participating schools, 3rd-grade teachers attended workshops on assessment development and implemented these practices in their classrooms. Samples of 69 parents from participating schools and 36 from three control schools were interviewed after completing questionnaires. Findings suggest that parents' favorable ratings of standardized national tests, supported by a Gallup Poll on the issue, do not imply a preference for such measures over other less formal sources of information for monitoring their children's progress or for judging the quality of education at their local schools. Parents tended to rely on the teacher to tell them how their child was doing relative to others, and they seldom mentioned comparison to external and national norms. Even for accountability purposes, parents preferred talking to the teacher and seeing student work. Most parents endorsed the performance assessment problems they saw, although a few expressed concern over the subjectivity of such measures. Twelve tables present survey and interview findings. An appendix presents excerpts from some parent interviews. (Contains 12 references.) (SLD)

Speech specialists have developed a taxonomy of concepts and abilities related to verbal argument as used in ordinary discourse. This study represents one possible step in the validation of that taxonomy: an evaluation of the Wisconsin Tests of Testimony and Reasoning Assessment (WISTTRA) and the underlying abilities or dimensions measured by them. It is, thus, a study of the construct validity of the concepts and abilities of verbal argument defined by Allen, Feezel, and Kauffeld (See ED 016 658). Data from over 1200 students were subjected to reliability estimation and factor analysis. Both derived orthogonal and derived oblique factor solutions were obtained for each of three initial factor methods. The major conclusion is that the tests based upon the taxonomy have construct validity at a particular level of specificity. This level is the specific internal (accept and reject) and external (consistency, recency, and proximity) tests used in assessing testimony and the four argument components for reasoning. (See also ED 036 521 and TE 001 783.) (Author/LH)

This article is from Malaria Journal , volume 12 . Abstract Background: The need for new malaria surveillance tools and strategies is critical, given improved global malaria control and regional elimination efforts. High quality Plasmodium falciparum DNA can reliably be extracted from malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Together with highly sensitive molecular assays, wide scale collection of used RDTs may serve as a modern tool for improved malaria case detection and drug resistance surveillance. However, comparative studies of DNA extraction efficiency from RDTs and the field applicability are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate different methods of DNA extraction from RDTs and to test the field applicability for the purpose of molecular epidemiological investigations. Methods: DNA was extracted from two RDT devices (Paracheck-Pf® and SD Bioline Malaria Pf/Pan®), seeded in vitro with 10-fold dilutions of cultured 3D7 P. falciparum parasites diluted in malaria negative whole blood. The level of P. falciparum detection was determined for each extraction method and RDT device with multiple nested-PCR and real-time PCR assays. The field applicability was tested on 855 paired RDT (Paracheck-Pf) and filter paper (Whatman® 3MM) blood samples (734 RDT negative and 121 RDT positive samples) collected from febrile patients in Zanzibar 2010. RDT positive samples were genotyped at four key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pfmdr1 and pfcrt as well as for pfmdr1 copy number, all associated with anti-malarial drug resistance. Results: The P. falciparum DNA detection limit varied with RDT device and extraction method. Chelex-100 extraction performed best for all extraction matrixes. There was no statistically significant difference in PCR detection rates in DNA extracted from RDTs and filter paper field samples. Similarly there were no significant differences in the PCR success rates and genotyping outcomes for the respective SNPs in the 121 RDT positive samples. Conclusions: The results support RDTs as a valuable source of parasite DNA and provide evidence for RDT-DNA extraction for improved malaria case detection, molecular drug resistance surveillance, and RDT quality control.

Evaluation of the Austin Independent School District Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Title I Migrant Program involves collecting and disseminating information relevant to eleven decision questions addressing both the system and program levels. At the system level are questions of whether the district should have a migrant program and how coordination with other programs should be improved. Nine program level questions are concerned with such subjects as changes in academic areas and expansion or modification of ancillary services, recruitment procedures, parental involvement programs, and staff development. Three basic types of data are required: needs assessment, process, and outcome data. This document summarizes the information sources for each area covered by the evaluation. An overview of each decision question includes evaluative questions and objectives, information sources for the data needed, and the date the information is due. Another portion of the document summarizes information sources on migrant students, i.e., various tests, teacher reports, interviews and numerous forms and questionnaires. Also included are a timetable listing the data to be collected by various school personnel, a description of the program itself, and a table entitled "Evaluation Time Resources Allocation Summary." (DS)

Based on a review of standardized tests and competency assessment instruments, recommendations are made for identifying and selecting standardized tests to help secondary vocational instructors to develop students' basic skills. Chapter 1 focuses on identifying diagnostic tests of basic skills in reading, mathematics, and communication. It discusses the concept of diagnosis and criteria for selecting tests. Four types of diagnostic tests are described: (criterion-referenced, norm-referenced, custom-made or made-to-order, objectives-based item banks), and suitable tests of each type are named. How diagnostic testing will be presented in the Resource and Teacher Guides of the project, Teaching Basic Skills Through Vocational Education, is considered. Chapter 2 focuses on competency instruments to assess students' basic skills. It reviews requirements faced by students for proficiency in basic skills and then discusses each set of requirements in terms of the competency instruments recommended for its assessment. Recommendations are made for inclusion of assessment instruments in the Guides. Appendixes include a list of norm-referenced tests that were screened out, format for test review, list of tests on basic skills that have vocationally relevant testing materials built in, and references related to readability analysis. (YLB)

1Old-Time Makers of Medicine

By James Joseph Walsh

Dr. Walsh's <i>Old-Time Makers of Medicine</i> chronicles the history and development of modern medicine from ancient times up to the discovery of America. Throughout this historical guide, Dr. Walsh shows numerous examples of practices thought to be entirely modern that were clearly anticipated hundreds or thousands of years ago. Ancient healers sought to use the body's natural healing ability, rather than rely exclusively on external cures. Physicians even in ancient times relied on what is now recognized as the placebo effect.<br /><br /> Dr. Walsh also addresses training and certification in medicine. Medieval universities anticipate our modern medical textbooks with consolidated records of all research and independent investigations, to provide uniform training for students. Likewise, the reader will find that the ancients reacted to unsuccessful treatment in similar degrees to what might now be called medical malpractice suits.<br /><br /> The book is organized chronologically, beginning with the fall of the Roman Empire and growth of the early Christian Church. From there, Dr. Walsh details the development of medical knowledge and practice in Arabia, to Medieval and Renaissance Europe. The reader will also discover how modern cultures based much of their medical knowledge on ancient Greek teachings. The chapters on Arabian Physicians and Medieval Universities also discuss knowledge exchanged between Arabic and European cultures. Dr. Walsh exposes several misconceptions and misinterpretations of history, especially restrictions of medical research stemming from religious prohibitions. (Summary by LivelyHive)

LibriVox volunteers bring you 24 recordings of The Despairing Lover by William Walsh. This was the Fortnightly Poetry project for March 11, 2012.<br><br>William Walsh was an English poet and critic. It is not as a poet, however, but as the friend and correspondent of Alexander Pope that Walsh is remembered.<br>"Mr Walsh used to tell me," Pope says, "that there was one way left of excelling; for though we had several great poets, we never had any one great poet that was correct, and he desired me to make that my study and my aim." (Summary from Wikipedia )

3Thirteenth: Greatest of Centuries

By James Joseph Walsh

It cannot but seem a paradox to say that the Thirteenth was the greatest of centuries. To most people the idea will appear at once so preposterous that they may not even care to consider it. A certain number, of course, will have their curiosity piqued by the thought that anyone should evolve so curious a notion. Either of these attitudes of mind will yield at once to a more properly receptive mood if it is recalled that the Thirteenth is the century of the Gothic cathedrals, of the foundation of the university, of the signing of Magna Charta, and of the origin of representative government with something like constitutional guarantees throughout the west of Europe. The cathedrals represent a development in the arts that has probably never been equaled either before or since. The university was a definite creation of these generations that has lived and maintained its usefulness practically in the same form in which it was then cast for the seven centuries ever since. The foundation stones of modern liberties are to be found in the documents which for the first time declared the rights of man during this precious period. (Summary from Preface)

4Bumper the White Rabbit

By George Ethelbert Walsh

All little boys and girls who love animals should become acquainted with Bumper the white rabbit. Bumper had many friends, such as Mr. Blind Rabbit, Fuzzy Wuzz and Goggle Eyes, his country cousins; and Bobby Gray Squirrel had his near cousins, Stripe the chipmunk and Webb the flying squirrel; while Buster and White Tail were favored with an endless number of friends and relatives. These books of Twilight Animal Stories are dedicated to all little boys and girls who love wild animals. So come out into the woods with me, and let us listen and watch, and I promise you it will be worth while. - Summary by Introduction of the book

In this second volume of the Twilight Animal series, we'll find out what happens to our friends Bumper, Fuzzy Wuzz, Goggle Eyes, and all the rest, after the events in the first book of the series, "Bumper the White Rabbit".

6Bumper the White Rabbit and His Friends

By George Ethelbert Walsh

In this fourth book of the Twilight Animal series, we find 16 stories of Bumper the white rabbit and the adventures he has with his friends in the forest.

In this sixth volume of the Twilight Animal series, we read about the adventures of Bobby the Gray Squirrel, who (together with his friends from the woods!) brings joy and happiness to a very special new friend. - Summary by Foon

In the seventh volume of the Twilight Animal series, we meet Buster the Bear, a cub who lives in a cave the woods with his mother. After an encounter with an unfriendly forest animal, he gets lost and captured, and has some marvelous adventures with humans. Will he make it back to the forest, or will he end up somewhere else? (Summary by Foon)

White Tail is the son of Father Buck, who is the leader of the herd. He and his rival Young Black Buck get into all kinds of adventures, but they have to be wary of Puma the Mountain Lion and Timber Wolf! Will White Tail be able to keep away from them and follow in his father's hoofsteps? - Summary by Foon

10Religion and Health

By James Joseph Walsh

In the introductory chapter and the one following we find the strong presentation of his thesis on the everlasting reality of religion. The chapter on Prayer, marked by absence of psychological speculation, treats practically of the naturalness and good sense of the constant habit of prayer, and of the value of prayer in all psychoneurosis....The chapter on the Bible and Health is of especial interest, with its argument that the sanitary laws of the Jews could have been no outcome of human development, but rather of Divine origin....The wide reading, extended experience, and specialized scholarship of the writer certify to the value of anything from his pen, and when we find a work of this kind as simple as a primer and as attractive as a story, we may well offer thanks for the boon. Nobody who values knowledge concerning the mysterious relation between holy living and bodily health should be without this book. - Summary by New Catholic World

11Story of Santa Klaus

By William S. Walsh

Who was Santa Klaus? Did he exist? In this study of custom and folklore, the author looks at the real and the legendary man, according to various traditions around the world. - Summary by LynneT

12Tea: Its History and Mystery

By Joseph M. Walsh

Utility, not originality, has been aimed at in the compilation of this work. The obstacles and difficulties its author had met with in his endeavors to learn something of the article he was commissioned to sell when he first entered the Tea trade, the almost total lack of knowledge displayed by the average dealer in the commodity, allied to the numerous inquiries for a work containing “all about tea,” first prompted the undertaking. The material was collated at intervals, in a fragmentary manner, covering a period of over twenty years, and arranged amid the many interruptions incident to an active business life, subjected to constant revisions, repeated prunings and innumerable corrections, due mainly to the varying statements and conflicting opinions of admitted authorities in every branch of the subject. Still, as careful and judicious an arrangement of the data has been given as possible, a faithful effort being made to omit nothing that may prove useful, instructive or profitable to the expert, the dealer or general reader. Aware that many facts have been omitted, and many errors committed in its preparation, he still trusts that the pains he has taken to avoid both have not been in vain, that the former may be few, and the latter of no great importance. The work was compiled under impulse, not under inducement, a single line not being intended originally for the market, and is now being published solely for the benefit of those “whom it may concern.” Philadelphia, December, 1892. - Summary by From the Preface

The present volume is published at the solicitation of many friends who have read the articles contained in it as they appeared at various times in magazines and who deemed that they were worth preservation in a more permanent form. The only possible claim for its filling a want lies in the fact that it presents these workers in medicine not only as scientists but also and especially as men, in relation to their environment, social, religious and educational. - Summary by Preface