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This article is from Scoliosis , volume 7 . Abstract Background: A large variability in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) correction objectives and instrumentation strategies was documented. The hypothesis was that different correction objectives will lead to different instrumentation strategies. The objective of this study was to develop a numerical model to optimize the instrumentation configurations under given correction objectives. Methods: Eleven surgeons from the Spinal Deformity Study Group independently provided their respective correction objectives for the same patient. For each surgeon, 702 surgical configurations were simulated to search for the most favourable one for his particular objectives. The influence of correction objectives on the resulting surgical strategies was then evaluated. Results: Fusion levels (mean 11.2, SD 2.1), rod shapes, and implant patterns were significantly influenced by correction objectives (p < 0.05). Different surgeon-specified correction objectives produced different instrumentation strategies for the same patient. Conclusions: Instrumentation configurations can be optimized with respect to a given set of correction objectives.

This article is from Ecology and Evolution , volume 3 . Abstract Interior Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) (ILT) are colonial, fish-eating birds that breed within active channels of large sand bed rivers of the Great Plains and in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Multipurpose dams, irrigation structures, and engineered navigation systems have been present on these rivers for many decades. Despite severe alteration of channels and flow regimes, regulation era floods have remained effective at maintaining bare sandbar nesting habitat on many river segments and ILT populations have been stable or expanding since they were listed as endangered in 1985. We used ILT breeding colony locations from 2002 to 2012 and dispersal information to identify 16 populations and 48 subpopulations. More than 90% of ILT and >83% of river km with suitable nesting habitat occur within the two largest populations. However, replicate populations remain throughout the entire historical, geophysical, and ecological range of ILT. Rapid colonization of anthropogenic habitats in areas that were not historically occupied suggests metapopulation dynamics. The highest likelihood of demographic connectivity among ILT populations occurs across the Southern Plains and the Lower Mississippi River, which may be demographically connected with Least Tern populations on the Gulf Coast. Paired ecological and bird population models are needed to test whether previously articulated threats limit ILT population growth and to determine if management intervention is necessary and where. Given current knowledge, the largest sources of model uncertainty will be: (1) uncertainty in relationships between high flow events and subsequent sandbar characteristics and (2) uncertainty regarding the frequency of dispersal among population subunits. We recommend research strategies to reduce these uncertainties.

Cognitive defusion procedures, as used in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), attempt to alter how an individual relates to negative thoughts (without challenging, disputing, or trying to change their content) so as to promote psychological flexibility, the key feature of the ACT model of adaptive functioning. The current study examined the efficacy of three, once weekly, sessions of cognitive defusion (CD) compared to a concurrent waitlist (WL) condition for university students reporting elevated distress, dysphoria, and low self-esteem. Participants (N = 22) were randomized to CD or WL, with the latter offered CD following their WL participation. The combined data from all those offered CD were also compared to a supportive therapy benchmark established from archival data. Intent-to-treat analyses showed large changes in distress, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, defused awareness of thoughts, psychological flexibility, and automatic thoughts favoring CD over WL. These effects were replicated when the WL group then received CD and persisted (or further improved) at 1-month follow-up. CD within-group effect sizes were also reliably larger than those derived from a comparable supportive therapy condition. That CD was associated with significant changes in both outcome and process variables is consistent with the existing literature and with the view that cognitive defusion techniques (particularly vocalizing strategies) represent an active component of ACT. Future research employing more stringent concurrent controls, clinical samples, and multi method assessments that allow for temporally sequenced tests of mediators is needed to more fully substantiate the effects of cognitive defusion. (Contains 3 figures and 4 tables.)

This paper examines the delay performance of packet radio networks using a time division multiple access (TDMA) channel access protocol. Two different methodologies for assigning time slots to nodes are considered - Node and Link allocation. The performance of each strategy is evaluated using a detailed radio network simulation. In addition to the delay for single destination packets, two broadcast protocols are used - multidestination routing and flooding. In all cases it was found that Node allocation provides better delay performance than Link allocation.

We consider the following problem of labeling points in a dynamic map that allows rotation. We are given a set of points in the plane labeled by a set of mutually disjoint labels, where each label is an axis-aligned rectangle attached with one corner to its respective point. We require that each label remains horizontally aligned during the map rotation and our goal is to find a set of mutually non-overlapping active labels for every rotation angle $\alpha \in [0, 2\pi)$ so that the number of active labels over a full map rotation of 2$\pi$ is maximized. We discuss and experimentally evaluate several labeling models that define additional consistency constraints on label activities in order to reduce flickering effects during monotone map rotation. We introduce three heuristic algorithms and compare them experimentally to an existing approximation algorithm and exact solutions obtained from an integer linear program. Our results show that on the one hand low flickering can be achieved at the expense of only a small reduction in the objective value, and that on the other hand the proposed heuristics achieve a high labeling quality significantly faster than the other methods.

In recent years, two-year colleges have tried various strategies to improve student outcomes and remediate skill deficits in order to promote academic and employment success. Promising approaches include career pathways, dual-enrollment, competency-based credentialing, sectoral strategies, wrap-around services, and acceleration. Taken together, the papers on this panel provide important insights into these innovations in higher education. Four abstracts comprise the content of this Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE) 2017 symposium. The abstract titles include: (1) Accelerating Connections to Employment: A Collaborative Approach to Career Pathways Training and Workforce Development (Yvette Lamb and Christina McHugh); (2) Final Impact Findings from Accelerating Opportunity (Theresa Anderson, Lauren Eyster, Daniel Kuehn, Burt Barnow, and Robert I. Lerman); (3) College Count$: Evidence of Impact (Michael Scuello and Robert Harrington); and (4) A Summative Outcomes Evaluation of TAACCCT-Funded Competency-Based Education Programs at Three Community Colleges (Ann Person and Jaime Thomas). [SREE documents are structured abstracts of SREE conference symposium, panel, and paper or poster submissions.]

In recent years, two-year colleges have tried various strategies to improve student outcomes and remediate skill deficits in order to promote academic and employment success. Promising approaches include career pathways, dual-enrollment, competency-based credentialing, sectoral strategies, wrap-around services, and acceleration. Taken together, the papers on this panel provide important insights into these innovations in higher education. Four abstracts comprise the content of this Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE) 2017 symposium. The abstract titles include: (1) Accelerating Connections to Employment: A Collaborative Approach to Career Pathways Training and Workforce Development (Yvette Lamb and Christina McHugh); (2) Final Impact Findings from Accelerating Opportunity (Theresa Anderson, Lauren Eyster, Daniel Kuehn, Burt Barnow, and Robert I. Lerman); (3) College Count$: Evidence of Impact (Michael Scuello and Robert Harrington); and (4) A Summative Outcomes Evaluation of TAACCCT-Funded Competency-Based Education Programs at Three Community Colleges (Ann Person and Jaime Thomas). [SREE documents are structured abstracts of SREE conference symposium, panel, and paper or poster submissions.]

In recent years, two-year colleges have tried various strategies to improve student outcomes and remediate skill deficits in order to promote academic and employment success. Promising approaches include career pathways, dual-enrollment, competency-based credentialing, sectoral strategies, wrap-around services, and acceleration. Taken together, the papers on this panel provide important insights into these innovations in higher education. Four abstracts comprise the content of this Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE) 2017 symposium. The abstract titles include: (1) Accelerating Connections to Employment: A Collaborative Approach to Career Pathways Training and Workforce Development (Yvette Lamb and Christina McHugh); (2) Final Impact Findings from Accelerating Opportunity (Theresa Anderson, Lauren Eyster, Daniel Kuehn, Burt Barnow, and Robert I. Lerman); (3) College Count$: Evidence of Impact (Michael Scuello and Robert Harrington); and (4) A Summative Outcomes Evaluation of TAACCCT-Funded Competency-Based Education Programs at Three Community Colleges (Ann Person and Jaime Thomas). [SREE documents are structured abstracts of SREE conference symposium, panel, and paper or poster submissions.]

This report is one of two key integration tasks. Its purposes are to identify and evaluate alternative action strategies for meeting national water transportation needs. Water transportation needs have been determined by comparing forecasts of present and projected water transportation use with estimates of the present and future capability of the waterway system. Having determined water transportation needs, action strategies to meet these needs are identified and evaluated in this report. This report presents four alternative strategies for action along with various measures designed to evaluate the relative merits or disadvantages of adopting each strategy. It should be emphasized that, as a practical matter, any one of these four strategies are not likely to be adopted in whole. Rather, the strategies have been formulated to represent distinct policy and top management options available to Congress and the Corps.

This report is one of two key integration tasks. Its purposes are to identify and evaluate alternative action strategies for meeting national water transportation needs. Water transportation needs have been determined by comparing forecasts of present and projected water transportation use with estimates of the present and future capability of the waterway system. Having determined water transportation needs, action strategies to meet these needs are identified and evaluated in this report. This report presents four alternative strategies for action along with various measures designed to evaluate the relative merits or disadvantages of adopting each strategy. It should be emphasized that, as a practical matter, any one of these four strategies are not likely to be adopted in whole. Rather, the strategies have been formulated to represent distinct policy and top management options available to Congress and the Corps.

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A subsonic study of high-angle-of-attack gritting strategies was undertaken with a 0.06-scale model of the F/A-18, which was assumed to be typical of airplanes with smooth-sided forebodies. This study was conducted in the Langley 7- by 10-Foot High-Speed Tunnel and was intended to more accurately simulate flight boundary layer characteristics on the model in the wind tunnel than would be possible by using classical, low-angle-of-attack gritting on the fuselage. Six-component force and moment data were taken with an internally mounted strain-gauge balance, while pressure data were acquired by using electronically scanned pressure transducers. Data were taken at zero sideslip over an angle-of-attack range from 0 deg to 40 deg and, at selected angles of attack, over sideslip angles from -10 deg to 10 deg. Free-stream Mach number was fixed at 0.30, which resulted in a Reynolds number, based on mean aerodynamic chord, of 1.4 x 10(exp 6). Pressure data measured over the forebody and leading-edge extensions are compared to similar pressure data taken by a related NASA flight research program by using a specially instrumented F/A-18, the High-Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV). Preliminary guidelines for high-angle-of-attack gritting strategies are given.

The advancements in electronic circuit design have resulted in miniaturization, field programmability and adaptability in almost every field of its application. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) also has moved along with the advancements in electronic circuit design and packaging, resulting in the design of new generation launch vehicle avionics called Advanced Telemetry Systems (ATS) and Advanced Mission Computer systems (AMC). This has brought out weight reduction in avionics systems and subsequent enhancements in the launch vehicle payload capability. ATS is designed with state of the art devices to have performance improvements in terms of accuracy, programmability, weight reduction, power saving etc. It is designed to have configurable functional requirements like signal conditioning, signal processing, sensor excitation, bus monitoring, bus interfaces and telemetry formatting. These are realised in independent modules and are stacked together depending on the telemetry requirements of a particular stage of a launch vehicle to form an ATS stack. In the new telemetry system only sensors and RF systems are external to the ATS stack. This has resulted in a modular architecture with integration easiness and simplicity in powering scheme as power for each module is derived from an SMT DC-DC converter which is also a part of the ATS stack. The qualification and flight acceptance level evaluation of these stacks are more challenging as it requires the simulation of different types and levels of inputs to various functional modules, acquiring the entire data and analysing the performance within the limited time available during different environmental tests. Verification of various interface standards used in different modules is addressed during the system level tests. This paper brings out the qualification challenges of ATS for Satellite Launch Vehicle application starting from functional module level to final launch vehicle integration level tests. Also the performance improvements are discussed by comparing the telemetry data obtained from traditional telemetry system in earlier missions with advanced telemetry system flown in recent mission.

Research on a flight simulator was conducted to: (a) develop and validate performance measures for the basic tasks of flying a Predator airplane, (b) evaluate above real-time training (ARTT) as a training strategy, and (c) evaluate the use of in-flight and post-flight feedbacks for self instruction. Several three-minute flights by student pilots on a simulator were graded simultaneously by a certified flight instructor and a computer. Computer grades were based on prescribed tolerances in different parameters for A, B, C, and D grades. For straight-and-level flights, acceptable correlation coefficients were found between instructor's grades and computer grades. For students trained in real-time training (RTT) with in-flight and post-flight feedback for self instruction, an increase in performance with the amount of training was visible until completion of training. For the group trained in RTT without any feedback, the visible increase in performance was limited to the first few training flights. Comparison of ARTT and RTT required further investigation. For straight-and-level flights and for more flying maneuvers, further research is proposed.

This is a report on the proceedinqs of the Workshop on Evaluation Strategies for Urban Intervention Programs sponsored by the Education Forum Branch of the U.S. Department of Education and held on October 23, 1980. The report contains the remarks delivered by the workshop speakers as well as the questions and statements of different panelists. Included are discussions on: the Federal role in urban intervention programs and research and development; approaches to evolutionary program development and evaluation of such programs; evaluation methods and the problems of evaluating intervention programs; and elements of urban intervention programs. Various experiences in urban intervention proqrams are described with emphasis on their implications for evaluation. (MJL)

This paper discussed secondary education as well as governments’ rationale for its establishment. The paper also discussed assessment and the various strategies for the assessment of teaching-learning processes at the level. Moreover, the paper discussed evaluation of teaching and learning, and the strategies that could be employed in executing evaluation in schools, with explicit key differences between assessment and evaluation highlighted. In all, the paper concluded that assessment and evaluation are vital procedures for boosting teaching and learning activities in secondary schools in Nigeria; and suggested that assessment and evaluation strategies be enshrined in the secondary school curriculum, teachers be regularly trained and re-trained in the art of assessment and evaluation; government and education ministries should provide the needed tools and instruments for implementing assessment and evaluation of the teaching-learning processes, and education inspectors should frequently visit secondary schools as to ascertain teachers’ level of compliance with government policies on assessment and evaluation. AKOMOLAFE Oluwayemisi Damilola 2020. ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION STRATEGIES FOR BOOSTING TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NIGERIA SECONDARY SCHOOLS. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 103-107. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.842. Pdf Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/842/803 Paper Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/842

As change occurs in various health sciences programs, evaluational strategies should be developed so that adaptive decisions may be made. Evaluation models taking into account inputs, methodology, and outputs (Stake, 1967, and Astin and Panes, 1971) need examination. Alternative measurement instruments for formative and summative evaluations, including simulation techniques (McGuire and Babbott, 1967), need consideration. It is particularly important to define adequate criterion levels of performance, including analysis of the implications of criterion-referenced measurement, (Popham and Husek, 1969). Systematic evaluation strategies should provide reliable and content-valid information from which decisions can be made concerning adequacy of student preparation as compared to content experts' a priori academic judgments. (Author)

This paper first presents an overview of the concepts of assessment and evaluation in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) environment. The large numbers of students and numerous courses make assessment and evaluation very difficult and administrative nightmare at Distance Learning (DL) institutions. These challenges informed exploring issues relating to assessment and evaluation like the development and use of question bank and deployment of technology in assessment with emphasis on strategies for sustainability. Assessment in ODL, unlike in the Conventional system where students have a range of opportunities to demonstrate their learning periodically, depends on formal assessment tasks only. Thus, for validity to be high in ODL assessment, assessment must provide the appropriate situation possible for measuring the specific abilities being measured. Reliability is maximized when the assessment items are many; the items are not too easy or too difficult for the candidates; and the marking consistent. Evaluation depends on Tutor Marked Assignments (TMAs) and End of Semester Examination (ESE) in ODL system. Large question/item bank (with reliable and valid questions) from which items are picked to constitute test are needed. Attempts are made to provide argument for the use of computer as a viable option for sustainable assessment based on its sustainable features especially for ODL institutions with a large number of students' population. It is hoped that these strategies if adopted have the potentials to eliminate some of the challenges that ODL institutions are currently facing in assessment. It will also strengthen quality assurance mechanism in ODL institutions.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the reasons for resistance to evaluation and the factors that affect adoption of new procedures, while focusing on a model for guiding the planning of evaluation implementation strategies. The process of adoption of an innovation occurs in three stages: orientation, where the user identifies benefits; initiation, where the user gives an innovation a trial; and integration, where it becomes part of routine practice. At each stage in the adoption, different strategies can be directed to gain the cooperation of either the user of the evaluation or the organization: (1) power; (2) communication; (3) consultation; (4) reinforcement; (5) training ; and (6) direct measures. The strategies differ depending upon the time frame in which they are applied. That is, different operations are required prior to commencement, during the initiation of the evaluation, and when evaluation procedures are to be integrated into routine organizational activities. It is concluded that: (1) in planning the implementation of evaluation, the implications are that implementation strategies should persuade rather than enforce cooperation; (2) cognitive and perceptual changes must be accompanied by behavioral changes; and (3) different management practices will be applicable at different time intervals in the evaluation procedure. (PN)

Evaluation of a middle school humanities program is the focus of this report. It explains how to identify information needs and set priorities, how to obtain information from a variety of sources, and what to do with the data collected in terms of formulating recommendations for the school board. The variety of evaluation approaches presented are geared toward supplying alternatives for program planners. Some of the questions raised include: (1) how the findings of the evaluation plan will be presented; (2) what decisions will be made considering the data, and who makes those decisions; (3) what benefits are produced by the program; (4) what relationship exists between what was planned and what is to be implemented; and (5) whether the learning experiences of this program displaces others of higher priority. Chapters by W. James Popham, Deborah G. Bonnet, Robert E. Stake and James A Pearsol, Michael Scriven, Elliot W. Eisner, William J. Webster, Blain R. Worthen, and Henry M. Brickell are included. (Author/GK)

The guide is designed to assist administrators and teachers at the school site level in planning and carrying out evaluation of their gifted programs. After an overview, the importance of instructional objectives is discussed, including the components of measurable performance objectives. The selection of educational activities is explored and criteria for assessing the qualitative difference of the activities is outlined. The use of measurement instruments and sources of evaluation data are presented. Various types of tests, such as teacher-made tests, department, school, or district-wide tests, and norm-referenced tests, are defined. Problems and methods of measuring attitudes and self concept are explored. The use of the written plan (the format for stating the objectives, activities, and evaluation of the program) is explained. Appended are a list of sources of information, a partial list of measurable factors available in most school settings, performance objectives for the 1975-6 program, a sample of the written plan, a sample evaluation of the written plan, and sample evaluation instruments. (PHR)

Peer Assisted Learning Strategies for Reading UK (PALS-UK) (Fuchs et al., 1997) is a whole class structured paired reading intervention that aims to improve pupils’ reading comprehension and oral reading fluency. 120 primary schools will be recruited to the trial and 60 of these will be randomly assigned to the intervention arm. Staff delivering the intervention are provided with training both before and during delivery. Training is also provided to pupils to support them in assisting their peer’s reading development; this takes place during the first four weeks of the intervention. For the remaining 16 weeks, pupils work in pairs, taking it in turn as coach and reader as they engage with a range of activities: partner reading, re-telling, paragraph shrinking and predicting what comes next. Sessions last 30-35 minutes, conducted three-times-a-week over 20 weeks. The intervention has the potential to develop pupils’ fluency, self-efficacy in reading, reading comprehension and reading attainment. The aim of this project is to evaluate the effects of PALS-UK on reading comprehension and oral reading fluency for pupils in Year 5. The evaluation is comprised of two parts. Firstly, an impact evaluation which will explore the impact of PALS-UK on reading attainment, reading comprehension and reading fluency. Secondly, an implementation and process evaluation which focuses on aspects such as fidelity and quality of delivery, as well stakeholders’ experiences of the intervention and what literacy practices take place in control schools.

The escalating emphasis on environmentally sustainable transportation, driven by an increasing awareness of climate change, is accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). A critical technical challenge in this context is the precise control of induction motors (IMs), which serve as the primary propulsion mechanism for these vehicles. Traditional control methodologies, including Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC), are hampered by limitations such as susceptibility to motor parameter variations and substantial torque fluctuations, which compromise overall performance. This research seeks to address these constraints by introducing a Fuzzy DTC method, designed to enhance the control of IMs in EVs.

The escalating emphasis on environmentally sustainable transportation, driven by an increasing awareness of climate change, is accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). A critical technical challenge in this context is the precise control of induction motors (IMs), which serve as the primary propulsion mechanism for these vehicles. Traditional control methodologies, including Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC), are hampered by limitations such as susceptibility to motor parameter variations and substantial torque fluctuations, which compromise overall performance. This research seeks to address these constraints by introducing a Fuzzy DTC method, designed to enhance the control of IMs in EVs.

The escalating emphasis on environmentally sustainable transportation, driven by an increasing awareness of climate change, is accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). A critical technical challenge in this context is the precise control of induction motors (IMs), which serve as the primary propulsion mechanism for these vehicles. Traditional control methodologies, including Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC), are hampered by limitations such as susceptibility to motor parameter variations and substantial torque fluctuations, which compromise overall performance. This research seeks to address these constraints by introducing a Fuzzy DTC method, designed to enhance the control of IMs in EVs.

Aircraft flying in regions of high ice crystal concentrations are susceptible to the buildup of ice within the compression system of their gas turbine engines. This ice buildup can restrict engine airflow and cause an uncommanded loss of thrust, also known as engine rollback, which poses a potential safety hazard. The aviation community is conducting research to understand this phenomena, and to identify avoidance and mitigation strategies to address the concern. To support this research, a dynamic turbofan engine model has been created to enable the development and evaluation of engine icing detection and control-based mitigation strategies. This model captures the dynamic engine response due to high ice water ingestion and the buildup of ice blockage in the engines low pressure compressor. It includes a fuel control system allowing engine closed-loop control effects during engine icing events to be emulated. The model also includes bleed air valve and horsepower extraction actuators that, when modulated, change overall engine operating performance. This system-level model has been developed and compared against test data acquired from an aircraft turbofan engine undergoing engine icing studies in an altitude test facility and also against outputs from the manufacturers customer deck. This paper will describe the model and show results of its dynamic response under open-loop and closed-loop control operating scenarios in the presence of ice blockage buildup compared against engine test cell data. Planned follow-on use of the model for the development and evaluation of icing detection and control-based mitigation strategies will also be discussed. The intent is to combine the model and control mitigation logic with an engine icing risk calculation tool capable of predicting the risk of engine icing based on current operating conditions. Upon detection of an operating region of risk for engine icing events, the control mitigation logic will seek to change the engines operating point to a region of lower risk through the modulation of available control actuators while maintaining the desired engine thrust output. Follow-on work will assess the feasibility and effectiveness of such control-based mitigation strategies.

One of a series of papers resulting from a Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) project to improve evaluation and planning in community colleges, this report provides information and guidance for conducting large-group, strategic planning in a community college. The report begins with general comments on planning, focusing on the process and content of planning, the time context, problems in policy making, strategic planning, and new planning elements. Next, strategies are discussed for use by college staff in assessing the external environment, by gathering information with subject and community focuses. The next section provides a review of the use of a planning charrette during the FIPSE project to deal with and synthesize a large amount of complex information on environmental trends with relevance to community college planning and operations. An evaluation of the use of the charrette and its potential application to community college planning is included. Next, a summary is provided of the workshops on planning and evaluation conducted as part of the FIPSE project following the charrette. The workshops involved faculty and administrators from over 70 community colleges in California, Hawaii, and the Pacific Basin, demonstrating ways of using institutional teams to gather and interpret information for strategic planning and to reach working concensus among those with diverse needs. Appendices include project information and background materials. (LAL)

Peer Assisted Learning Strategies for Reading UK (PALS-UK) (Fuchs et al., 1997) is a whole class structured paired reading intervention that aims to improve pupils’ reading comprehension and oral reading fluency. 120 primary schools will be recruited to the trial and 60 of these will be randomly assigned to the intervention arm. Staff delivering the intervention are provided with training both before and during delivery. Training is also provided to pupils to support them in assisting their peer’s reading development; this takes place during the first four weeks of the intervention. For the remaining 16 weeks, pupils work in pairs, taking it in turn as coach and reader as they engage with a range of activities: partner reading, re-telling, paragraph shrinking and predicting what comes next. Sessions last 30-35 minutes, conducted three-times-a-week over 20 weeks. The intervention has the potential to develop pupils’ fluency, self-efficacy in reading, reading comprehension and reading attainment. The aim of this project is to evaluate the effects of PALS-UK on reading comprehension and oral reading fluency for pupils in Year 5. The evaluation is comprised of two parts. Firstly, an impact evaluation which will explore the impact of PALS-UK on reading attainment, reading comprehension and reading fluency. Secondly, an implementation and process evaluation which focuses on aspects such as fidelity and quality of delivery, as well stakeholders’ experiences of the intervention and what literacy practices take place in control schools.

A project investigated strategies that facilitated linkages between planning and evaluation as well as articulation across secondary and postsecondary levels in vocational education. The methodology included a literature review, two surveys of states regarding the linking of planning and evaluation, and analyses and examples from three case studies conducted in a western, a midwestern, and an eastern state. Survey data revealed five structures accounting for the majority of state administrations: (1) separate secondary and postsecondary boards linked primarily by funding; (2) combined administration under one vocational division; (3) separate vocational, secondary, and higher education divisions; (4) separate secondary and postsecondary boards with formal planning procedures and committees; and (5) separate state board for vocational education programs. Although no one structure appeared best to accommodate planning and evaluation linkages, the fourth represented an effort to make planning and evaluation a more coordinated process. The following strategies had the potential to aid the linking of planning and evaluation: major event (change initiative); policy focus or mission statement; leadership; administrative commitment; interagency cooperation; regionalization; planning/evaluation and data systems; and comprehensive approach to vocational education. (Appendixes include a list of 10 references, a brief report on state surveys and case studies of research methodologies, and a strategies checklist.) (YLB)

Evaluation studies can provide feedback on implementation, support continuous improvement, and increase understanding of evaluation systems' impact on teaching and learning. Despite the importance of educator evaluation studies, states often need support to prioritize and fund them. Successful studies require expertise, time, and a shared commitment to conduct the research--from the state education agency down to the educators participating in the study. In this policy snapshot, we focus on how states can prioritize and fund studies of educator evaluation systems. We highlight the importance of studying evaluation implementation, share strategies for prioritizing and funding studies, and share examples of successful funding strategies from various states and districts, including the following: Connecticut, Nevada, Tennessee, Texas, Arizona, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Florida.

This study aimed to probe into the barriers and reasons for elderly farmers’ agricultural operations and participation in life activities, and to further plan related guidance policies in order to allow elderly farmers to enjoy their old age. This study found that the obstacles for elderly farmers’ agricultural operations are reflected from their inferior economic situations. Only 3% of farmers suggested that their economic situation is sufficient. Nearly 30% of elderly farmers suffered from sickness and declination; however, in order to make a living, they had to continue performing their agricultural activities. Elderly farmers who had not participated in any community activities in the past year indicated that their reasons for non-participation were “no time”, “not interested” and “no idea about the activities”, with “no time” having the greatest response (41.1%). Elderly farmers who had not participated in courses related to agricultural operations in the past year indicated that their reasons for non-participation were “no time”, “not interested” and “no idea about the activities”, with “no idea about the activities” (38%), followed by “not interested” (34.9%) and “no time” (27%). Therefore, it was necessary to probe into elderly farmers’ motivation and barriers to participation.

This study aimed to probe into the barriers and reasons for elderly farmers’ agricultural operations and participation in life activities, and to further plan related guidance policies in order to allow elderly farmers to enjoy their old age. This study found that the obstacles for elderly farmers’ agricultural operations are reflected from their inferior economic situations. Only 3% of farmers suggested that their economic situation is sufficient. Nearly 30% of elderly farmers suffered from sickness and declination; however, in order to make a living, they had to continue performing their agricultural activities. Elderly farmers who had not participated in any community activities in the past year indicated that their reasons for non-participation were “no time”, “not interested” and “no idea about the activities”, with “no time” having the greatest response (41.1%). Elderly farmers who had not participated in courses related to agricultural operations in the past year indicated that their reasons for non-participation were “no time”, “not interested” and “no idea about the activities”, with “no idea about the activities” (38%), followed by “not interested” (34.9%) and “no time” (27%). Therefore, it was necessary to probe into elderly farmers’ motivation and barriers to participation.

The VisiSonics RealSpace 64/5 Audio-Visual Panoramic (VRAP) Camera captures high-resolution panoramic video and full-dimension audio in laboratory or field environments. Online and offline analysis and visualization tools enable sound source identification localization using, among other sources, sound pressure level dynamics. This report aims to extend the user manual produced by VisiSonics by familiarizing potential users of the VRAP with features, display elements, and procedures for operation of the VRAP hardware and software by using an illustrative use case where the VRAP was deployed in the field. The use case addresses limitations of the ecological frequency (i.e., prevalence) measure, an approach described by Ballas (1993) for determining the representativeness of a set of sounds in a given environment. The use case evaluates the impact of high-quality panoramic audiovisual captures of the environment on the observers ability to extract ecological frequency information from a scene.

Outcomes Based Education (OBE) assessment strategies are the most important aspect required to improve the quality of education. COs for each course are based on the program outcome (PO), performance instruments, and other requirements. There are different interpretations of the OBE concept, resulting in different CO-based PO realizations. In it, a document describes the OBE schema and a detailed description of the CO-PO mapping and its realization model. These documents are based on the achievement of course outcomes and program outcomes, as well as student performance and learning.

Outcomes Based Education (OBE) assessment strategies are the most important aspect required to improve the quality of education. COs for each course are based on the program outcome (PO), performance instruments, and other requirements. There are different interpretations of the OBE concept, resulting in different CO-based PO realizations. In it, a document describes the OBE schema and a detailed description of the CO-PO mapping and its realization model. These documents are based on the achievement of course outcomes and program outcomes, as well as student performance and learning.

The 28 papers in this sourcebook relate to the evaluation of children's services in public libraries: (1) "Introduction to Evaluation" (Jane Robbins and Douglas Zweizig); (2) "Research and Measurement in Library Services to Children" (Adele Fasick); (3) "Evaluating Children's Services" (Diana Young); (4) "What Is Good about Children's Library Service--How Can You Tell?" (Karen Krueger); (5) "Evaluation of Children's Services" (Mary Chelton); (6) "Looking Around" (Charles McClure, et al.); (7) "Information To Support Planning for Children's Services" (Douglas Zweizig); (8) "Systematic Observation" (Jane Robbins); (9) "Interviewing Young Children" (Lynn McDonald and Holly Willett); (10) "Interviewing Using Micro-moments and Backward Chaining" (Eliza Dresang); (11) "Sampling" (Jane Robbins); (12) "Introduction to Sampling in a Nutshell'" (Morris Slonim); (13) "Questionnaires" (Jane Robbins); (14) "Construction of the Questionnaire in Survey Research" (Barbara Moran); (15) "Examples of Questionnaires Designed To Deal with Children's Services"; (16) "Introducing an Environment Rating Scale for Public Library Children's Services (Holly Willett); (17) "Sampling" (Nancy Van House, et al.); (18) "National Statistics on Public Library Service to Children: Why and How To Get Them" (Mary Jo Lynch); (19) "Output Measures for Children's Services in Wisconsin Public Libraries" (Douglas Zweizig, Joan Braune and Gloria Waity); (20) "Managing Children's Library Collections Through Objective Data" (Craighton Hippenhammer); (21)"Book Discussion as an Evaluation Tool" (Holly Willett); (22) "Beyond Reviews: Using Book Discussion as a Method for New Materials Selection" (Kathleen Horning); (23) "Use of Discussion in Reconsideration of a Title" (Dianne Hopkins); (24) "Discussion for Awards and Distinctions" (Eliza Dresang); (25) "Guidelines for Book Discussions" (Ginny Kruse and Kathleen Horning); (26) "Commentary on an Approach to Discussion: The CCBC Guidelines for Book Discussion" (Holly Willett); (27) "The Politics of Evaluation" (Jane Goodwin); and (28) "Reporting the Results of Library Research" (W. Boyd Rayward). (MAB)

The 28 papers in this sourcebook relate to the evaluation of children's services in public libraries: (1) "Introduction to Evaluation" (Jane Robbins and Douglas Zweizig); (2) "Research and Measurement in Library Services to Children" (Adele Fasick); (3) "Evaluating Children's Services" (Diana Young); (4) "What Is Good about Children's Library Service--How Can You Tell?" (Karen Krueger); (5) "Evaluation of Children's Services" (Mary Chelton); (6) "Looking Around" (Charles McClure, et al.); (7) "Information To Support Planning for Children's Services" (Douglas Zweizig); (8) "Systematic Observation" (Jane Robbins); (9) "Interviewing Young Children" (Lynn McDonald and Holly Willett); (10) "Interviewing Using Micro-moments and Backward Chaining" (Eliza Dresang); (11) "Sampling" (Jane Robbins); (12) "Introduction to Sampling in a Nutshell'" (Morris Slonim); (13) "Questionnaires" (Jane Robbins); (14) "Construction of the Questionnaire in Survey Research" (Barbara Moran); (15) "Examples of Questionnaires Designed To Deal with Children's Services"; (16) "Introducing an Environment Rating Scale for Public Library Children's Services (Holly Willett); (17) "Sampling" (Nancy Van House, et al.); (18) "National Statistics on Public Library Service to Children: Why and How To Get Them" (Mary Jo Lynch); (19) "Output Measures for Children's Services in Wisconsin Public Libraries" (Douglas Zweizig, Joan Braune and Gloria Waity); (20) "Managing Children's Library Collections Through Objective Data" (Craighton Hippenhammer); (21)"Book Discussion as an Evaluation Tool" (Holly Willett); (22) "Beyond Reviews: Using Book Discussion as a Method for New Materials Selection" (Kathleen Horning); (23) "Use of Discussion in Reconsideration of a Title" (Dianne Hopkins); (24) "Discussion for Awards and Distinctions" (Eliza Dresang); (25) "Guidelines for Book Discussions" (Ginny Kruse and Kathleen Horning); (26) "Commentary on an Approach to Discussion: The CCBC Guidelines for Book Discussion" (Holly Willett); (27) "The Politics of Evaluation" (Jane Goodwin); and (28) "Reporting the Results of Library Research" (W. Boyd Rayward). (MAB)

This study evaluated the efficacy of the Word Learning Strategies (WLS) supplementary program designed to develop upper-elementary students' vocabulary skills in order to improve reading comprehension. The study used a true, group-randomized, experimental design, which randomly assigned 46 4th grade classrooms (n=1324 students) from 12 districts to a treatment or control group. The results from the first cohort indicate that the program was positively associated with gains in students' vocabulary learning as measured by Word Learning Strategies Test and in students' reading comprehension as measured by Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test, after accounting for differences in baseline test scores. The use of the WLS program also led to increases in teachers' awareness of strategies to support their students' vocabulary and reading comprehension. [This paper was published in the Proceedings of the 2016 American Evaluation Association (AEA) Annual Conference. Atlanta, GA.]

With the popularization of e-learning applications, game-based learning and mobile learning, serious games as a new way of education and learning in medical education have gradually attracted widespread attention. Serious games are interactive computer applications that combine educational content and game mechanics, have explicit educational goals, and aim to educate, train, or change players 'entertainment behavior.Serious games, centered around students, offer key features such as interaction, immersive experiences, and prompt feedback. These games not only address the limitations of traditional lecture-based and simulation teaching methods in terms of interaction but also allow learners to engage with challenges repeatedly in a risk-free virtual environment to acquire, practice, and enhance essential knowledge and skills. While the utilization and study of serious games have been gradually increasing in recent years, however, serious games are still in their infancy in the field of nursing education. There is no unified model for the evaluation strategy of serious games in nursing education, and how to effectively evaluate the application effect of serious games in nursing education has become an important problem faced by nursing educators and researchers. Therefore, this study uses the scoping guidelines published by JBI as the methodological framework to review the theoretical framework, evaluation methods and evaluation indicators of serious games in the field of nursing education, so as to provide a reference for the construction of a sound evaluation strategy in this field and clarify the future research and practice directions.

Inbound logistics is a vital step in warehouse receiving processes and has a direct impact on supply chain cost and performance. As a result of an inefficient check-in operation, the incoming trucks may experience inordinate wait times between arrival and check-in, which in turn leads to unnecessary cost to the company in the form of detention fees (a penalty for holding the truck and driver beyond the agreed upon time) and delayed delivery of subsequent consignments. Moreover, prolonged idling of queuing trucks is not environmentally sustainable as it increases the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a primary contributor to climate change, in the atmosphere. This research is motivated by a case study of one of the largest consumer goods companies in the US, which pays over a million dollars in detention fees every year. The trucks entering the facility under study encounter an average waiting time of approximately an hour. The primary objective of this paper is to minimize the detention fees paid to the carrier by enhancing the check-in process of the inbound trucks, and the secondary goal is to reduce the CO 2 emissions. Different check-in policies (staging area, dynamic dispatching rules, and automated technology) are proposed and compared to the current operations using discrete-event simulation models. The results suggest the adoption of a staging area with dynamic dispatching rule in the short-term as it requires minimal capital investment and achieves substantially lower detention fee and CO 2 emission. A more expensive yet superior alternative is the use of automated technology for check-in processing as it eliminates detention fee and reduces the CO 2 emissions from the trucks by 80%. The modeling approach and proposed dispatching rules are generic and can be adopted by any facility characterized by long waiting time for check-in and high detention fees.

This article is from Human Resources for Health , volume 12 . Abstract Background: In response to Zambia’s critical human resources for health challenges, a number of strategies have been implemented to recruit and retain health workers in rural and remote areas. Prior to this study, the effectiveness of these strategies had not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of the various health worker retention strategies on health workers in two rural districts of Zambia. Methods: Using a modified outcome mapping approach, cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative data were collected from health workers and other stakeholders through focus group discussions and individual interview questionnaires and were supplemented by administrative data. Key themes emerging from qualitative data were identified from transcripts using thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively as well as by regression modelling. In the latter, the degree to which variation in health workers’ self-reported job satisfaction, likelihood of leaving, and frequency of considering leaving, were modelled as functions of participation in each of several retention strategies while controlling for age, gender, profession, and district. Results: Nineteen health worker recruitment and retention strategies were identified and 45 health care workers interviewed in the two districts; participation in each strategy varied from 0% to 80% of study participants. Although a salary top-up for health workers in rural areas was identified as the most effective incentive, almost none of the recruitment and retention strategies were significant predictors of health workers’ job satisfaction, likelihood of leaving, or frequency of considering leaving, which were in large part explained by individual characteristics such as age, gender, and profession. These quantitative findings were consistent with the qualitative data, which indicated that existing strategies fail to address major problems identified by health workers in these districts, such as poor living and working conditions. Conclusions: Although somewhat limited by a small sample size and the cross-sectional nature of the primary data available, the results nonetheless show that the many health worker recruitment and retention strategies implemented in rural Zambia appear to have little or no impact on keeping health workers in rural areas, and highlight key issues for future recruitment and retention efforts.

Sixteen scholarly papers and twenty abstracts comprise the content of the eighteenth annual Brick & Click Libraries Conference, held annually at Northwest Missouri State University in Maryville, Missouri. The proceedings, authored by academic librarians and presented at the conference, portray the contemporary and future face of librarianship. The 2018 paper and abstract titles include: (1) Committee on Diversity & Inclusion: Cultivating an Inclusive Library Environment (Orolando Duffus, Andrea Malone, Margaret Dunn, Lisa Cruces, Matthew Moore, Annie Wu, and Frederick Young); (2) Checking Out the LGBT+ (Kayla Reed); (3) Tailoring Library Instruction to Adult Students: Applying the Science and Methods of Andragogy for Modern Instructional and Reference Services (Eric Deatherage and Jason Smith); (4) Library-Faculty Collaboration for OER Promotion and Implementation (Paula Martin); (5) The Facts of Fiction: Research for Creative Writers (Addison Lucchi); (6) Location and the Collection Connection (Kayla Reed and Amber Carr); (7) Gay for No Pay: How to Maintain an LGBTQ+ Collection with No Budget (Rachel Wexelbaum); (8) A Step Up: Piloting Integrated Information Literacy Instruction Throughout a Discipline (Nathan Elwood and Robyn Hartman); (9) Not Just a Collection: The Emergence and Evolution of Our Contemporary Collection (Hong Li and Kayla Reed); (10) Flipster: How One Community College Library Supports Faculty and Student Academic Needs with Flipster Digital Magazines (Stephen Ambra); (11) Three Ring Circus: A Model for Understanding and Teaching Students about Bias (Virginia Cairns); (12) Demystifying DH: How to Get Started with Digital Humanities (Sherri Brown and Forstot Burke); (13) Academic Libraries Embracing Technology with a Purpose (Lavoris Martin); (14) (A)ffective Management: A People First Management Approach (Ryan Weir); (15) Plugged & Unplugged Active Learning Strategies for One Shots (Judy Bastin, Justina Mollach, Leslie Pierson, Ruth Harries, and Teresa Mayginnes); (16) Giving a Booster Shot to Your One Shot: Incorporating Engaging Activities into Library Instruction (Kelly Leahy, Gwen Wilson, and Angela Beatie); (17) Adventures with Omeka.net: Metadata, Workflows, and Exhibit-based Storytelling at UNO Libraries (Yumi Ohira, Angela Kroeger, and Lori Schwartz); (18) Online Badge Classes for High School Students (Angela Paul); (19) Fake News: The Fun, the Fear, and the Future of Resource Evaluation (Lindsay Brownfield); (20) Making Outreach the Library's Mission (April K. Miller); (21) Active Learning for Metaliteracies: Digital Modules from the New Literacies Alliance (Rachel R. Vukas, Prasanna Vaduvathiriyan, and Brenda Linares); (22) Calculating Return on Investment in Libraries (Nicholas Wyant); (23) Crossing Borders: Expanding Digitization Efforts Across Library Departments (Jay Trask, Jane Monson, and Jessica Hayden); (24) From Silos to Collaboration (Joyce Meldrem); (25) Key Performance Indicator Tracking Using Google Forms (Joshua Lambert); (26) Bridging the Gap: Providing Equal Access of Library Resources and Services to Distance Learners (Nancy Crabtree, Xiaocan (Lucy) Wang, Bob Black); (27) Coming to the Plains: Latino/a Stories in Nebraska (Laurinda Weisse, Michelle Warren, and Jacob Rosdail); (28) Five Keys to #SocialMediaSuccess in Academic Libraries (Hannah E. Christian and Alison Hanner); (29) Easy Information Literacy Assessments for Small Academic Libraries (Julie Pinnell); (30) Traversing the Path: A Library Director's Guide to the Higher Learning Commission's Open Pathway for Accreditation (Sandy Moore); (31) Drawing Magic: Visualizing the Internet to Introduce Information Literacy (Kelly Leahy); (32) Chatspeak for Librarians: Best Practices for Chat Reference (Tanner D. Lewey); (33) The Creative Learning Spiral: A Python Learner in the Library (Greta Valentine); (34) The Poet's Papers: Literary Research in the Small College Archives (Martha A. Tanner); (35) Giving Students an Edge: Enhancing Resumes with a Digital Information Research Certificate (Rachel R. Vukas); and (36) Where Did You Get That eBook? Comparison of Student/Faculty Use of eBooks, Library Space, and Citation Management Programs (Alice B. Ruleman). (Individual papers contain references.) [For the 2017 proceedings, see ED578189.]

Evaluation designs are presented for these work components of the Improving Teaching Competencies Program (ITCP): (1) developing, implementing, and evaluating a strategy for disseminating selected ITCP instructional systems in Individually Guided Education (IGE) schools; (2) developing, implementing, and evaluating a strategy for disseminating ITCP instructional systems in the Florida Teacher Center network; and (3) planning, implementing, and evaluating three regional workshops using selected ITCP instructional systems. The first section of the report contains: (1) the context for this evaluation, including purpose, constraints, and primary audiences; (2) a description of the dissemination/diffusion strategies being evaluated; (3) objectives of the strategies; (4) questions to be answered in this evaluation; and (5) sequencing and emphasis of the evaluation. The second section includes descriptions of evaluation investigations to be conducted, the designs, variable emphasis, and means of data collection. The third section contains a plan for providing the information obtained. Contained in the appendices are: (1) worksheets summarizing the evaluation questions, sources of information, instrumentation, and analysis suggestions; (2) time schedules for various evaluation activities; (3) complete descriptions of contents of training to be conducted; and (4) preliminary drafts of instruments. (RC)

The Strategies for Preschool Intervention in Everyday Settings (SPIES), funded by the State of Utah in conjunction with the Center for Persons with Disabilities at Utah State University, is an attempt to orient parents and teachers of preschool children to ways of dealing with children with disabilities. The primary vehicle for providing this training is a series of six videotapes with an accompanying printed manual. This report details the methods and results of a SPIES evaluation that was conducted as a class project. Class members worked in teams to use the class-designed instruments to interview technical experts, teachers, parents, and potential learners about their reaction to these materials. The evaluation was based on the criteria of appeal, effectiveness, and user-friendliness of the written, audio, and video materials in both the English and Spanish versions. Findings are summarized and suggestions provided for each of the six videos. The appendix includes the master record of responses, sample questionnaire, and proposal for formal evaluation. (AEF)

This book asserts that alternative programs remain a practical management strategy for educating diverse student learners, offering specific ideas for program implementation, accountability for student learning, and quality service provision. The information serves as an overview of important factors to consider for those seeking new approaches to education of all children in alternative learning environments. It also serves as an outline of quality indicators for those already involved in managing education via alternative schools. The book addresses where alternative schools fit into school improvement initiatives and how public education can manage the many alternatives needed to serve diverse students. Chapters include: "Need for Alternative Schools"; "Types of Alternative Schools" (e.g., magnet schools and charter schools); "Delivery Models" (e.g., behavior intervention and the academic model); "Needs and Issues" (e.g., funding, accountability, and community relations); "Best Practices"; "Establishing an Alternative Program"; "Alternative School Evaluation"; "Analyzing and Using Evaluation Data"; and "Some Evaluation Pitfalls." Alternative education resources are included. (Contains 27 references.) (SM)

This book asserts that alternative programs remain a practical management strategy for educating diverse student learners, offering specific ideas for program implementation, accountability for student learning, and quality service provision. The information serves as an overview of important factors to consider for those seeking new approaches to education of all children in alternative learning environments. It also serves as an outline of quality indicators for those already involved in managing education via alternative schools. The book addresses where alternative schools fit into school improvement initiatives and how public education can manage the many alternatives needed to serve diverse students. Chapters include: "Need for Alternative Schools"; "Types of Alternative Schools" (e.g., magnet schools and charter schools); "Delivery Models" (e.g., behavior intervention and the academic model); "Needs and Issues" (e.g., funding, accountability, and community relations); "Best Practices"; "Establishing an Alternative Program"; "Alternative School Evaluation"; "Analyzing and Using Evaluation Data"; and "Some Evaluation Pitfalls." Alternative education resources are included. (Contains 27 references.) (SM)

In order to preserve software-based art the research community has primarily focused on emulation as a preservation strategy. The University of Freiburg (D) established emulation as a service for memory institutions and research data archiving - a service that is currently used for preserving software-based art. Software mi- gration, which might provide an alternative solution, has been researched for business applications, however less for software- based art. As a very immediate strategy it does not introduce an additional layer of translation and thus does not slow down the performance. This paper investigates to what extent the existing migration options are useful for preserving software-based art and how they compare to the emulation options currently used. What long-term impact do migration and emulation have on a software- based artwork? What maintenance works do they cause? What changes do they induce in the artwork? The impact of migration and emulation as preservation strategies for software-based art is evaluated on the basis of a case study: the software-based artwork Horizons (2008) by Dutch artists Geert Mul. This case study shows that it was necessary to migrate Horizons first before it could be virtualised with sufficient graphics rendering performance. Hence, this paper concludes, that the combination of migration and emulation can be a good solution for graphics intensive works in the mid-term. It is a step in between short-term solutions like migration and long-term solutions like a full-system emulation; the latter only being possible when the speed advantage of the new hardware is large enough. In order to preserve software-based art the research community has primarily focused on emulation as a preservation strategy. The University of Freiburg (D) established emulation as a service for memory institutions and research data archiving - a service that is currently used for preserving software-based art. Software mi- gration, which might provide an alternative solution, has been researched for business applications, however less for software- based art. As a very immediate strategy it does not introduce an additional layer of translation and thus does not slow down the performance. This paper investigates to what extent the existing migration options are useful for preserving software-based art and how they compare to the emulation options currently used. What long-term impact do migration and emulation have on a software- based artwork? What maintenance works do they cause? What changes do they induce in the artwork? The impact of migration and emulation as preservation strategies for software-based art is evaluated on the basis of a case study: the software-based artwork Horizons (2008) by Dutch artists Geert Mul. This case study shows that it was necessary to migrate Horizons first before it could be virtualised with sufficient graphics rendering performance. Hence, this paper concludes, that the combination of migration and emulation can be a good solution for graphics intensive works in the mid-term. It is a step in between short-term solutions like migration and long-term solutions like a full-system emulation; the latter only being possible when the speed advantage of the new hardware is large enough.

In order to preserve software-based art the research community has primarily focused on emulation as a preservation strategy. The University of Freiburg (D) established emulation as a service for memory institutions and research data archiving - a service that is currently used for preserving software-based art. Software mi- gration, which might provide an alternative solution, has been researched for business applications, however less for software- based art. As a very immediate strategy it does not introduce an additional layer of translation and thus does not slow down the performance. This paper investigates to what extent the existing migration options are useful for preserving software-based art and how they compare to the emulation options currently used. What long-term impact do migration and emulation have on a software- based artwork? What maintenance works do they cause? What changes do they induce in the artwork? The impact of migration and emulation as preservation strategies for software-based art is evaluated on the basis of a case study: the software-based artwork Horizons (2008) by Dutch artists Geert Mul. This case study shows that it was necessary to migrate Horizons first before it could be virtualised with sufficient graphics rendering performance. Hence, this paper concludes, that the combination of migration and emulation can be a good solution for graphics intensive works in the mid-term. It is a step in between short-term solutions like migration and long-term solutions like a full-system emulation; the latter only being possible when the speed advantage of the new hardware is large enough. In order to preserve software-based art the research community has primarily focused on emulation as a preservation strategy. The University of Freiburg (D) established emulation as a service for memory institutions and research data archiving - a service that is currently used for preserving software-based art. Software mi- gration, which might provide an alternative solution, has been researched for business applications, however less for software- based art. As a very immediate strategy it does not introduce an additional layer of translation and thus does not slow down the performance. This paper investigates to what extent the existing migration options are useful for preserving software-based art and how they compare to the emulation options currently used. What long-term impact do migration and emulation have on a software- based artwork? What maintenance works do they cause? What changes do they induce in the artwork? The impact of migration and emulation as preservation strategies for software-based art is evaluated on the basis of a case study: the software-based artwork Horizons (2008) by Dutch artists Geert Mul. This case study shows that it was necessary to migrate Horizons first before it could be virtualised with sufficient graphics rendering performance. Hence, this paper concludes, that the combination of migration and emulation can be a good solution for graphics intensive works in the mid-term. It is a step in between short-term solutions like migration and long-term solutions like a full-system emulation; the latter only being possible when the speed advantage of the new hardware is large enough.

The primary purpose of this study was to uncover determines of students' intention to adopt online teaching evaluation at the end of semester by proposing a research model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The second purpose was to investigate the efficacy of the theory for predicting such intention. Besides users' attitude and perceived behavior control, the study further decomposed the subjective norms into four different categories in order to identify the best practices and strategies that a school can use to promote the intention of participation. Valid questionnaires were collected from university students in Taiwan to test the raised research hypotheses in the paper. The results provide support for using the theory to predict students' intention of usage and many practical implications are thus suggested.

1Merton of the Movies

By Harry Leon Wilson

<em>Merton of the Movies</em> is a comedy that centers around Merton Gill, an aspiring dramatic artist from Simsbury, Illinois who makes his way to Hollywood to become a serious actor. How could Merton fail in attaining his dreams after finishing a correspondence course from the General Film Production Company of Stebbinsville, Arkansas, certifying him to be a competent screen actor?<br><br>Harry Leon Wilson, the author, was a very popular humor writer in the first decades of the 20th century. This book was made into film several times, the last in 1947 starring Red Skelton. (Summary written by Margaret.)

2Our Nig, or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black, In A Two-Story White House

By Harriet E. Wilson

Frado is a colored girl, living in the USA a few years before the Civil War. She is abandoned by her own white mother in the house of the Bellmont's- where she is treated badly. This is a sad book, but Frado's cheerfulness and dignity will make you love her until the end. (Introduction by Stav Nisser)

3Shakespeare and Music

By Christopher Wilson

Shakespeare's plays are full of music: love songs, comic ditties, serious ballads, and songs for witches and spirits. Over the centuries musicians and composers have also created musical adaptations based on Shakespeare's plays. Composer Christopher Wilson's Shakespeare and Music (1922) documents the musical history of each play across various genres, including opera and incidental music. (Summary by Elizabeth Klett)

4South African Memories

By Lady Sarah Wilson

Lady Sarah Isabella Augusta Wilson was the aunt of Winston Spencer Churchill. In 1899 she became the first woman war correspondent when she was recruited to cover the Siege of Mafeking for the Daily Mail during the Boer War. She moved to Mafeking with her husband at the start of the war, where he was aide-de-camp to Colonel Robert Baden-Powell. Baden-Powell asked her to leave Mafeking for her own safety after the Boers threatened to storm the British garrison. This she duly did, and set off on a madcap adventure in the company of her maid, travelling through the South African countryside until she was finally captured by the enemy and returned to the town in exchange for a horse thief being held there. Dwindling food supplies became a constant theme in the stories she sent back to the Mail and the situation seemed hopeless when the garrison was hit by an outbreak of malarial typhoid. In this weakened state the Boers managed to penetrate the outskirts of the town but the British stood firm and repelled the assault. (Summary by Wikipedia)

5And Then the Town Took Off

By Richard Wilson

The town of Superior, Ohio, certainly was living up to its name! In what was undoubtedly the most spectacular feat of the century, it simply picked itself up one night and rose two full miles above Earth! Radio messages stated simply that Superior had seceded from Earth. But Don Cort, stranded on that rising town, was beginning to suspect that nothing was simple about Superior except its citizens. Calmly they accepted their rise in the world as being due to one of their local townspeople, a crackpot professor. But after a couple of weeks of floating around, it began to be obvious that the professor had no idea how to get them down. So then it was up to Cort: either find a way to anchor Superior, or spend the rest of his days on the smallest—and the nuttiest—planet in the galaxy! (Summary From The Book)

A weary survivor of the Great War, Major Rane Smith wanders in a great ennui amidst the mystical beauties of the fjords of Norway after the War, seeking a spiritual renewal. Deep in the forest he stumbles fatefully upon the strange, almost elvish home of Karl Ingman, an iconoclastic old Ibsen scholar. There Major Smith meets Ingman's two beautiful young daughters and his eldritch wife Rosa, entering into long days of profound dialogue with each member of the family. A rare and exquisite gem of a novel, The Death of Society is one of the most remarkable books of the post-War era, showing Wilson's deep intellectual, artistic, and philosophical passions against the backdrop of a romantic passion just as profound. Fallen into a strange obscurity after her untimely death, Romer Wilson deserves a revival of reputation that was recognized in her lifetime when she was awarded the prestigious Hawthornden Prize for this novel. - Summary by Expatriate

Another remarkable World War I novel by Romer Wilson, "If All These Young Men" is a character study of a group of young 20-something friends in England dealing with the looming, grey presence of the War in their lives. The story begins on Good Friday 1918, and centers on Josephine Miller, a restless, strong-minded young woman who cannot tolerate trivialities or frivolities so long as the War goes on, and who agonizes over how to go on living in its shadow. The characters of Josephine and her friends are patterned on those of Wilson and her own coterie at the time, both male and female, revealing the profound angst of young intellectuals of the time who lived under the dread not only of invasion and national destruction, but also of the alien world that would be left for them when the monstrous conflict was over. - Summary by Expatriate

Romer Wilson's first novel is a study in the life of Genius, a theme that would preoccupy her throughout her life. The eponymous Martin Schüler is a young German composer of genius in the years leading up to the Great War. His great passion is to create one magnificent work that will live forever. With his passions so consumed in his art, he makes sacrifices in his human relationships, going through a series of wrenching, unequal love affairs. The novel is of interest not only for Schüler's lifelong struggle to reconcile his fleshly desires with his lust for fame, but also for the Continental setting as Europe falls toward catastrophe. - Summary by Expatriate

9New Freedom

By Thomas Woodrow Wilson

The book is not a discussion of measures or of programs. It is an attempt to express the new spirit of our politics and to set forth, in large terms which may stick in the imagination, what it is that must be done if we are to restore our politics to their full spiritual vigor again, and our national life, whether in trade, in industry, or in what concerns us only as families and individuals, to its purity, its self-respect, and its pristine strength and freedom. (From the Preface) - Summary by Woodrow Wilson

10Russian Storybook

By Richard Wilson

Reverend Richard Wilson went to the heart of Russia to find stories from the eastern outposts of Christianity, untouched by the renaissance or reformation. He found the nature of the stories quite different from those of more western cultures. His hope was to teach English children about their Russian counterparts in a way they would understand, so he retold the stories rather than sought translations. - Summary by Lynne Thompson

Richard Wilson has taken tales from the two great Indian epics, the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata, as well as other early sources, and has retold them in English, in an effort to showcase to young English-speaking readers that 'oriental' stories share the same elements as tales they are used to. Love, hate, virtue, oppression, tenderness, bravery and resourcefulness and an ultimate desire to conquer evil. - Summary by Paraphrased from the Introduction

12Bunker Bean

By Harry Leon Wilson

Young, self conscious, timid stenographer for a New York businessman with a beautiful daughter (the flapper). He emulates stronger types, but alas.....is not them. He grows up in this humorous volume from 1913. - Summary by joseph tabler

LibriVox volunteers bring you 23 recordings of It Is in Winter That We Dream of Spring by Robert Burns Wilson. This was the Weekly Poetry project for March 10, 2019. <br> ------<br> Robert Burns Wilson was an American painter and poet. Although his most famous poem was based on the battle cry "Remember the Maine," he was best known during his day as a nature poet. (Summary by Wikipedia)

14Ruggles of Red Gap

By Harry Leon Wilson

A stuffy class-conscious gentleman's valet is transplanted to the rough uncivilized American northwest, where the rubes and social climbers are duly impressed with his manners and style. Will the American freedom rub off on the Englishman, or will the churlish Americans acquire some high-class polish? Witty social commentary a la P.G. Wodehouse's Jeeves and Wooster. - Summary by Carol Pelster

15Anecdotes of Big Cats and Other Beasts

By David Alec Wilson

Although David Alec Wilson is best known for his writings about Thomas Carlyle, he was a Scottish civil servant who spent much time in India. This collection of stories draw from those experiences, where tales of tigers, leopards, crocodiles, elephants and monkeys are part of the cultural fabric. These range from short vignettes to several multi-part stories, all sure to entertain. - Summary by Larry Wilson

Dr. Andrew Wilson FRSE was a Scottish physiologist and zoologist and lecturer in zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Edinburgh and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in the late 19th and early 20th century. In the preface of this book, he writes: "...the chief aim of the work is to present in a popular and readily understood form, the chief evidences of the evolution of living beings. In this view, whilst I have been content to assume the reality of that process, I have also endeavoured to marshal the more prominent facts of zoology and botany, which serve to prove that evolution, broadly considered is not merely a name for an unknown tendency in nature, but is an actual factor in the work of moulding the life with which the universe teems." - Summary by J. M. Smallheer

17State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1913 - 1922)

By Warren G. Harding and Thomas Woodrow Wilson

The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, typically delivered annually. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. This album contains recordings of addresses from Woodrow Wilson and Warren Harding. - Summary by Wikipedia

18Able McLaughlins

By Margaret Wilson

The Able McLaughlins won the Pulitzer Prize for a novel in 1924 in Margaret Wilson's debut work. Aptly described as "Little House on the Prairie - but for adults" the novel follows a group of Scottish families who pioneer the Iowa prairie in the 1860’s. The main storyline concerns Wully, the eldest McLaughlin son, who returns home from the Civil War to find that his sweetheart, Chirstie, has experienced an unspeakable tragedy that will profoundly affect the couple's lives. Their story is one of shame and honor, secrets and guilt, fear and loathing, revenge and forgiveness. But perhaps the stars of the novel are the strong older women such as Wully’s mother, Isobel, whose love and matriarchal strength keeps the family together as well as Chirstie’s stepmother, Barbara, who finds ways to make her good-for-nothing husband keep his promises. Interlaced with the plots are richly detailed descriptions of frontier prairie life, the love that families share, and the relationships within the Scottish immigrant community. (Warren Kati)

19Wolves of God and Other Fey Stories

By Algernon Blackwood and Wilfred Wilson

Renowned author of weird fiction Algernon Blackwood, in collaboration with unknown author Wilfred Wilson, brings us a magical, sinster and ethereal collection of stories of pagan sacrifice, reincarnation, beastly vengeance and other bizarre scenarios that one often comes across when waltzing through the macabre. - Summary by Ben Tucker

20Literature of Arabia

By Epiphanius Wilson

A collection of many romantic stories: it has no epic unity. It will remind the reader of the "Morte d'Arthur" of Sir Thomas Malory, rather than of the "Iliad." The author chose the most striking of these episodes as best calculated to serve as genuine specimens of Arabian literature. They will transport the modern reader into a new world—which is yet the old, long vanished world of pastoral simplicity and warlike enthusiasm, in primitive Arabia. - Summary by Epiphanius Wilson

What Robert Dick Wilson then believed, and now believes with all his heart is this: that textual and historical Biblical controversies should be taken out of the region of subjective personal opinion, into the region of objective, clearly attested fact. It was to this task that he set himself, and no labor was to be too long or too tedious or exacting to enable him to reach that goal. - Summary by Philip E. Howard