Downloads & Free Reading Options - Results

As part of the education reform movement seeking change in both teaching and teacher education, a graduate teacher education course at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, "Integrating Museum Resources into Classroom Instruction," offers teachers a chance to engage in problem solving for their own students through varied experiential and discovery learning activities. In particular the course tries to: stimulate teachers to suggest the potential of museum resources and instructional strategies as a means for addressing individual student needs; identify school-museum collaboration strategies; share ideas and plans; and reflect upon the implications for teacher education. Teachers work individually and in groups to analyze current educational theories, evaluate potential resources, and create and share instructional materials and strategies for integrating those resources into their curricula. Teachers working in the course use the 5-step "Creative Problem Solving" process to tackle improvements in their classroom. The five steps are fact finding, idea finding, problem finding, solution finding, and acceptance finding. The solution finding stage leads to course products such as the Museum Idea Log, Learning Activity, and Exhibit Plan and Related Integrated Learning Activity. During the acceptance finding stage participants evaluate the course. Teachers who have taken the course reported that they planned to increase and change their use of museum resources in the coming year. Four appendixes provide: a workshop outline on integrating museum resources into instruction, a sample museum log entry, a museum resource--Ingram's Log Cabin Village, and a field trip outline. (Contains 63 references.) (JB)

Taking an inclusive and equitable approach to emergency management planning means considering the needs of the most vulnerable populations first. Students with disabilities (SWDs) are entitled to the same emergency services as their nondisabled peers and should be considered and included during emergency management planning. Taking an equitable approach to emergency management planning does not have to be a daunting or costly task. It simply requires administrators and officials to consider the entire school community, from students and staff members to visitors and volunteers, and then take the appropriate actions to ensure the safety of all. This fact sheet provides steps and resources for creating an effective and manageable plan that does not exclude or impede any student's safety.

Taking an inclusive and equitable approach to emergency management planning means considering the needs of the most vulnerable populations first. Students with disabilities (SWDs) are entitled to the same emergency services as their nondisabled peers and should be considered and included during emergency management planning. Taking an equitable approach to emergency management planning does not have to be a daunting or costly task. It simply requires administrators and officials to consider the entire school community, from students and staff members to visitors and volunteers, and then take the appropriate actions to ensure the safety of all. This fact sheet provides steps and resources for creating an effective and manageable plan that does not exclude or impede any student's safety.

Abstracts and four papers from the 1983 Association for Institutional Research (AIR) Forum on integrating human resources and technology are presented. AIR membership and organizational information are also provided. Paper titles and authors are as follows: "It Ain't All Bad" (Dean F. Berkley); "Technological Innovation and Strategies for Investing in Human Capital" (H. Ian Macdonald); "Futures: The Effects of New Microelectronics" (Alexander Shure); and "The State of the Association and the Institutional Research Profession" (William F. Lasher). Topics include the impact of the computer on education, management information systems and accountability systems, the efforts of the IDEA Corporation to promote technological innovation and the growth of the Ontario, Canada, economy. Abstracts and summaries are presented of contributed papers, seminars, symposia, panels, workshops, table topics, and special interest/regional group meetings. Lists are provided of program participants and contributors, along with forum registrants. The AIR Directory includes the constitution and bylaws, guidelines for awarding membership, minutes of the 1983 annual business meeting, the president's annual report, the financial report, and reports of the other AIR officers. In addition, AIR committees and affiliated regional/special interest groups are listed, along with 1983-1984 members. (SW)

Abstracts and four papers from the 1983 Association for Institutional Research (AIR) Forum on integrating human resources and technology are presented. AIR membership and organizational information are also provided. Paper titles and authors are as follows: "It Ain't All Bad" (Dean F. Berkley); "Technological Innovation and Strategies for Investing in Human Capital" (H. Ian Macdonald); "Futures: The Effects of New Microelectronics" (Alexander Shure); and "The State of the Association and the Institutional Research Profession" (William F. Lasher). Topics include the impact of the computer on education, management information systems and accountability systems, the efforts of the IDEA Corporation to promote technological innovation and the growth of the Ontario, Canada, economy. Abstracts and summaries are presented of contributed papers, seminars, symposia, panels, workshops, table topics, and special interest/regional group meetings. Lists are provided of program participants and contributors, along with forum registrants. The AIR Directory includes the constitution and bylaws, guidelines for awarding membership, minutes of the 1983 annual business meeting, the president's annual report, the financial report, and reports of the other AIR officers. In addition, AIR committees and affiliated regional/special interest groups are listed, along with 1983-1984 members. (SW)

Developing countries often struggle with providing water security and sanitation services to their populations. An important aspect of improving security and sanitation is developing a comprehensive understanding of the country's water budget. Water For People, a non-profit organization dedicated to providing clean drinking water, is working with the Peruvian government to develop a water budget for the La Libertad region of Peru which includes the creation of an extensive watershed management plan. Currently, the data archive of the necessary variables to create the water management plan is extremely limited. Implementing NASA Earth observations has bolstered the dataset being used by Water For People, and the METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at High Resolution and Internalized Calibration) model has allowed for the estimation of the evapotranspiration values for the region. Landsat 8 imagery and the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor onboard Terra were used to derive the land cover information, and were used in conjunction with local weather data of Cascas from Peru's National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (SENAMHI). Python was used to combine input variables and METRIC model calculations to approximate the evapotranspiration values for the Ochape sub-basin of the Chicama River watershed. Once calculated, the evapotranspiration values and methodology were shared Water For People to help supplement their decision support tools in the La Libertad region of Peru and potentially apply the methodology in other areas of need.

Used strategically, libraries have the potential to play a key role in promoting national literacy efforts, as they are trusted by people in the communities they serve and are in a good position to provide a wide variety of literacy opportunities. Libraries provide literacy resources for children, youth and adults at all proficiency levels, thereby making an enormous contribution to supporting a reading culture and the creation of a literate society. They are also an ideal community space for facilitating intergenerational and family learning. The UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) believes in and advocates for learning both in- and outside of formal education settings. It works with formal, non-formal and informal centres of learning, including libraries. The Institute has now released a policy brief entitled "Using Libraries to Support National Literacy Efforts," which examines the role of libraries in supporting lifelong literacy. The policy brief looks at how libraries nurture early literacy skills up to advanced levels of literacy proficiency, and the need for libraries to be involved in policy dialogue connected to literacy. The publication goes further to highlight the fact that libraries at every level, local and national, should be well-resourced to serve their surrounding communities and users in order to create a successful learning environment. Harnessing the potential power of libraries by integrating their activities with national literacy efforts and strategies at local, regional and national levels will help countries achieve the literacy targets set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Respectful Maternity Care is an approach to perinatal care that emphasizes the fundamental rights of childbearing women and their families to receive dignified and humane treatment (Shakibazadeh et al., 2018; White Ribbon Alliance, 2011). It aims to eliminate the disrespect and abuse that many women experience during their childbirth journey, prioritize their autonomy and rights, and decrease infant mortality. Healthcare professionals play a critical role in birth experiences as they can empower and support the mother; however, they can also engage in disrespectful and abusive behaviors and environments, leading mothers to be ill-prepared after birth and inflicting long-lasting trauma (Shakibazadeh et al., 2018). Healthcare professionals' attitudes and actions are deeply rooted in broader systems and cultural beliefs, where both unconscious and conscious biases can lead to harm for childbearing women (Hall et al., 2015; Howell et al., 2018). In 2011, the White Ribbon Alliance brought together an international, multi-sectoral community to develop a universal standard of Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) which upholds human rights. In recent years, research on RMC has increased, including several systematic reviews (Dhakal et al., 2022; Kasaye et al., 2023). However, little attention has been given specifically to promoting RMC with healthcare students prior to entering professional service. By teaching RMC during their education and training, healthcare students will be able to understand and reflect on what it means to provide respectful and dignified care. Thus, we are conducting a rapid review of RMC curriculum resources/educational initiatives available for pre-service healthcare professionals (e.g., nursing, midwifery, medical, and other healthcare students). This rapid review is part of a larger Mothering and Albinism research program (www.mothringandalbinism.com). Our team has found that RMC becomes especially important when caring for a mother with a disability or a mother who has given birth to a child with a disability/impairment (like albinism, which is the focus of our research project), and that many women are treated with disrespect (Reimer-Kirkham et al., 2024). Our project aims to mobilize the integration of RMC into healthcare professionals’ education to equip them in providing respectful healthcare for childbearing women who are affected by albinism. These review findings will be vital for creating effective educational resources to promote RMC amongst healthcare providers.

This article is from Frontiers in Plant Science , volume 5 . Abstract Wheat, like many other staple cereals, contains low levels of the essential micronutrients iron and zinc. Up to two billion people worldwide suffer from iron and zinc deficiencies, particularly in regions with predominantly cereal-based diets. Although wheat flour is commonly fortified during processing, an attractive and more sustainable solution is biofortification, which requires developing new varieties of wheat with inherently higher iron and zinc content in their grains. Until now most studies aimed at increasing iron and zinc content in wheat grains have focused on discovering natural variation in progenitor or related species. However, recent developments in genomics and transformation have led to a step change in targeted research on wheat at a molecular level. We discuss promising approaches to improve iron and zinc content in wheat using knowledge gained in model grasses. We explore how the latest resources developed in wheat, including sequenced genomes and mutant populations, can be exploited for biofortification. We also highlight the key research and practical challenges that remain in improving iron and zinc content in wheat.

Toward developing adaptive processes for integrating science and stewardship in natural resources management - final report

This manual is designed to provide resource managers, advocates, and social service personnel with information about the integration of community services for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The materials encompass the values of independence, productivity, and integration in the delivery of resources and services to persons with TBI. Each of the 12 informational sections begins with an outline of the goal and objectives of the included material. The beginning section provides an overview of TBI, followed by sections addressing the following issues: (1) attitudinal and language barriers; (2) employment issues for persons with TBI, including the implications of the Americans with Disabilities Act; (3) necessary supports for independent living for persons with TBI; (4) housing for persons with disabilities, including funding and legal issues; (5) Social Security Administration programs for persons with TBI; (6) state vocational rehabilitation agencies and their implications for persons with TBI; (7) community based services and resources for persons with TBI; (8) substance abuse issues for persons with TBI; (9) sexuality and brain injury; (10) a checklist for writing neuropsychological reports in functional terms for vocational rehabilitation; and (11) motor vehicle driving evaluation issues for persons with TBI. An appendix includes information summary sheets designed for slide presentations. (CR)

This report reviews approaches that federal, state, and local governments have used to integrate the delivery of health and other educational and social services to at-risk families, and examines barriers to designing and implementing integrated service delivery systems. The report contrasts "system-oriented" integration efforts, which create new systems that would deliver services more comprehensively, and "service-oriented" efforts, which link clients to existing services and unite various service providers. Two federal programs are reviewed--Project Head Start and Part H of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act--along with a state-private child welfare initiative supported by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. The Part H and the state-level Annie Casey initiatives illustrate the system-oriented approach, while Head Start and the local-level service delivery components of the Annie Casey initiatives represent the service-oriented approach. The report concludes that service-oriented initiatives have been more successful, and urges that Congress be cautious in considering initiatives that call for state and local governments to make fundamental changes in service delivery systems, because the obstacles and risks of failure are great. Appendixes describe past federal efforts to integrate services and describe the service integration programs which were examined for this report. (JDD)

It has been reported that very little time is spent in the classroom on environmental education subjects unless the teacher has a special interest in the specific topic of study. This lack of time for environmental education coupled with the lack of adequate time allotted for mathematics and science instruction suggests that integrating the three--mathematics, science, and environmental education--into one learning activity can be a productive use of educational time at any grade level. This document presents a justification for integrating these subject areas. It then presents descriptions of 25 projects that are resources for integrated teaching activities for primary and secondary education, all with citations. The activities are documented in the ERIC database and most are reported with ERIC Document Reproduction Service Numbers. (Contains 12 references.) (PR)

The intent of this publication is to support schools as they connect the vision they have for technology and student learning with the tasks they need to accomplish in order to achieve their vision. Chapter 1 provides an understanding of the origins of "Planning into Practice" and lays the groundwork for how to use the materials. Chapter 2 focuses on technology planning and the processes involved in creating a strategic technology plan. Chapter 3 provides strategies and tools for integrating technology into the curriculum. Chapter 4 is an overall orientation to professional development as a process of design, and it also addresses technology competencies for teachers and presents ideas for professional development. Chapter 5 features community engagement. Chapter 6 focuses on managing hardware and software and discusses various computer configurations for educators, how to make the most of a few computers, methods for evaluating software, and software resources. Chapter 7 presents a model and instruments for evaluating a technology program. Chapter 8 provides resources and recommendations for funding technology initiatives. Throughout the text, URLs are included to online resources and other materials. The Appendix includes blank forms used in the text that may be reproduced. Also included are a few additional resources and printouts of Microsoft PowerPoint Presentations that present the key points in each chapter; these are also available online at the SEIR-TEC web site at http://www.seirtec.org. Early in each chapter the tools provided in that chapter are listed. At the end of each chapter, a "Putting It All Together" section is provided. (AEF)

251 pages : 28 cm

251 pages : 28 cm

The Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) is sponsoring the development of an integrated bibliographic information system. The prototype of this system, under development since April 1983, will be used to demonstrate the concept of an integrated library system combined with an intelligent gateway capable of querying and updating -- simultaneously -- more than one heterogeneous bibliographic data base (catalog). Queries and updates of any data base will be performed using a common command language, relieving the system user of the need to learn and master separate languages and procedures for each data base accessed. The development approach used, the information processing concepts and technologies investigated and selected for implementation in the prototype system, and the issues underpinning system implementation are described.

The Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) is sponsoring the development of an integrated bibliographic information system. The prototype of this system, under development since April 1983, will be used to demonstrate the concept of an integrated library system combined with an intelligent gateway capable of querying and updating -- simultaneously -- more than one heterogeneous bibliographic data base (catalog). Queries and updates of any data base will be performed using a common command language, relieving the system user of the need to learn and master separate languages and procedures for each data base accessed. The development approach used, the information processing concepts and technologies investigated and selected for implementation in the prototype system, and the issues underpinning system implementation are described.

As part of the U.S. Department of Education's process for peer review of state assessment systems, states are required to submit documentation outlining the processes that they use to develop and administer state assessments in English language arts (ELA), mathematics, and science. States must demonstrate that the assessments are aligned with the "full range of the state's academic content standards; [are] valid, reliable, and of adequate technical quality for the purposes for which they are used; express student results in terms of the State's student academic achievement standards; and provide coherent information about student achievement" (U.S. Department of Education, 2015). Since 2010, many states have adopted new ELA standards that include speaking and listening skills, necessitating development of assessments that align with these new standards. The standards in the Speaking and Listening strand of the ELA Common Core State Standards (CCSS) are organized into two broad topic areas: (1) Comprehension and Collaboration; and (2) Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas. Key findings from this review include the following: (1) States emphasize the value of instruction in speaking and listening as the foundation for reading and writing. Overall, they endorse building language-rich classroom environments; providing opportunities for purposeful collaborative discussions and conversations; engaging in the use of academic language; and promoting students' comprehension and oral fluency skills; and (2) States are using several strategies for teaching the standards in the Speaking and Listening strand of the CCSS.

The Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), an organization charged with providing information services to the Department of Defense (DoD) scientific and technical community, actively seeks ways to promote resource sharing as a means for speeding access to information while reducing the costs of information processing throughout the technical library community. To achieve this goal, DTIC is sponsoring the development of an integrated bibliographic information system (IBIS). The system prototype, which has been under development since April 1983, will be used to demonstrate the concept of an integrated library system combined with an intelligent gateway capable of simultaneously querying and updating more than one heterogeneous bibliographic database (catalog) using a common command language. A discussion of the project includes the project background; DoD library environment; development approach; information processing concepts and technologies investigated and selected for implementation in the prototype system; and issues underpinning system implementation. Considerations for the future include devising an acquisition strategy, developing a standard or common set of index terms and controlled subject terms for shared cataloging and retrieval; developing a microcomputer-based version of the IBIS; and expanding the number of databases that can be accessed and queried using the common command language. (Author/KM)

The Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), an organization charged with providing information services to the Department of Defense (DoD) scientific and technical community, actively seeks ways to promote resource sharing as a means for speeding access to information while reducing the costs of information processing throughout the technical library community. To achieve this goal, DTIC is sponsoring the development of an integrated bibliographic information system (IBIS). The system prototype, which has been under development since April 1983, will be used to demonstrate the concept of an integrated library system combined with an intelligent gateway capable of simultaneously querying and updating more than one heterogeneous bibliographic database (catalog) using a common command language. A discussion of the project includes the project background; DoD library environment; development approach; information processing concepts and technologies investigated and selected for implementation in the prototype system; and issues underpinning system implementation. Considerations for the future include devising an acquisition strategy, developing a standard or common set of index terms and controlled subject terms for shared cataloging and retrieval; developing a microcomputer-based version of the IBIS; and expanding the number of databases that can be accessed and queried using the common command language. (Author/KM)

The Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), an organization charged with providing information services to the Department of Defense (DoD) scientific and technical community, actively seeks ways to promote resource sharing as a means for speeding access to information while reducing the costs of information processing throughout the technical library community. To achieve this goal, DTIC is sponsoring the development of an integrated bibliographic information system (IBIS). The system prototype, which has been under development since April 1983, will be used to demonstrate the concept of an integrated library system combined with an intelligent gateway capable of simultaneously querying and updating more than one heterogeneous bibliographic database (catalog) using a common command language. A discussion of the project includes the project background; DoD library environment; development approach; information processing concepts and technologies investigated and selected for implementation in the prototype system; and issues underpinning system implementation. Considerations for the future include devising an acquisition strategy, developing a standard or common set of index terms and controlled subject terms for shared cataloging and retrieval; developing a microcomputer-based version of the IBIS; and expanding the number of databases that can be accessed and queried using the common command language. (Author/KM)

The Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), an organization charged with providing information services to the Department of Defense (DoD) scientific and technical community, actively seeks ways to promote resource sharing as a means for speeding access to information while reducing the costs of information processing throughout the technical library community. To achieve this goal, DTIC is sponsoring the development of an integrated bibliographic information system (IBIS). The system prototype, which has been under development since April 1983, will be used to demonstrate the concept of an integrated library system combined with an intelligent gateway capable of simultaneously querying and updating more than one heterogeneous bibliographic database (catalog) using a common command language. A discussion of the project includes the project background; DoD library environment; development approach; information processing concepts and technologies investigated and selected for implementation in the prototype system; and issues underpinning system implementation. Considerations for the future include devising an acquisition strategy, developing a standard or common set of index terms and controlled subject terms for shared cataloging and retrieval; developing a microcomputer-based version of the IBIS; and expanding the number of databases that can be accessed and queried using the common command language. (Author/KM)

The goal of the proposed research is to test the multilevel version of the Job Demands-Resources model as proposed by Bakker & DeVries (2021). The updated model integrates a self-regulation perspective into the adaptive and maladaptive day-to-day processes that mitigate or intensify long-term burnout. Bakker & DeVries (2021) propose that individuals tend to adopt more maladaptive processes on days they experience higher levels of strain, thereby introducing a vicious cycle that can contribute to burnout. The goals of the proposed research are threefold: First, we aim to empirically test the proposed multilevel Job Demands-Resources model from Bakker & DeVries (2021) at the daily level using ESM data with four measurement occasions per day and a post measurement at the end of the study. Second, we intend to compare the role of adaptive/maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (in line with a more traditional view; Gross, 1998) with the role of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility (in line with a more recent view; Bonanno & Burton, 2013) in this self-regulation process. Third, we will test and compare several operationalizations of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility, including the number, uniqueness and variability of strategies employed, as well as strategy switching and endorsement change.

The goal of the proposed research is to test the multilevel version of the Job Demands-Resources model as proposed by Bakker & DeVries (2021). The updated model integrates a self-regulation perspective into the adaptive and maladaptive day-to-day processes that mitigate or intensify long-term burnout. Bakker & DeVries (2021) propose that individuals tend to adopt more maladaptive processes on days they experience higher levels of strain, thereby introducing a vicious cycle that can contribute to burnout. The goals of the proposed research are threefold: First, we aim to empirically test the proposed multilevel Job Demands-Resources model from Bakker & DeVries (2021) at the daily level using ESM data with four measurement occasions per day and a post measurement at the end of the study. Second, we intend to compare the role of adaptive/maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (in line with a more traditional view; Gross, 1998) with the role of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility (in line with a more recent view; Bonanno & Burton, 2013) in this self-regulation process. Third, we will test and compare several operationalizations of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility, including the number, uniqueness and variability of strategies employed, as well as strategy switching and endorsement change.

The goal of the proposed research is to test the multilevel version of the Job Demands-Resources model as proposed by Bakker & DeVries (2021). The updated model integrates a self-regulation perspective into the adaptive and maladaptive day-to-day processes that mitigate or intensify long-term burnout. Bakker & DeVries (2021) propose that individuals tend to adopt more maladaptive processes on days they experience higher levels of strain, thereby introducing a vicious cycle that can contribute to burnout. The goals of the proposed research are threefold: First, we aim to empirically test the proposed multilevel Job Demands-Resources model from Bakker & DeVries (2021) at the daily level using ESM data with four measurement occasions per day and a post measurement at the end of the study. Second, we intend to compare the role of adaptive/maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (in line with a more traditional view; Gross, 1998) with the role of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility (in line with a more recent view; Bonanno & Burton, 2013) in this self-regulation process. Third, we will test and compare several operationalizations of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility, including the number, uniqueness and variability of strategies employed, as well as strategy switching and endorsement change.

The goal of the proposed research is to test the multilevel version of the Job Demands-Resources model as proposed by Bakker & DeVries (2021). The updated model integrates a self-regulation perspective into the adaptive and maladaptive day-to-day processes that mitigate or intensify long-term burnout. Bakker & DeVries (2021) propose that individuals tend to adopt more maladaptive processes on days they experience higher levels of strain, thereby introducing a vicious cycle that can contribute to burnout. The goals of the proposed research are threefold: First, we aim to empirically test the proposed multilevel Job Demands-Resources model from Bakker & DeVries (2021) at the daily level using ESM data with four measurement occasions per day and a post measurement at the end of the study. Second, we intend to compare the role of adaptive/maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (in line with a more traditional view; Gross, 1998) with the role of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility (in line with a more recent view; Bonanno & Burton, 2013) in this self-regulation process. Third, we will test and compare several operationalizations of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility, including the number, uniqueness and variability of strategies employed, as well as strategy switching and endorsement change.

The goal of the proposed research is to test the multilevel version of the Job Demands-Resources model as proposed by Bakker & DeVries (2021). The updated model integrates a self-regulation perspective into the adaptive and maladaptive day-to-day processes that mitigate or intensify long-term burnout. Bakker & DeVries (2021) propose that individuals tend to adopt more maladaptive processes on days they experience higher levels of strain, thereby introducing a vicious cycle that can contribute to burnout. The goals of the proposed research are threefold: First, we aim to empirically test the proposed multilevel Job Demands-Resources model from Bakker & DeVries (2021) at the daily level using ESM data with four measurement occasions per day and a post measurement at the end of the study. Second, we intend to compare the role of adaptive/maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (in line with a more traditional view; Gross, 1998) with the role of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility (in line with a more recent view; Bonanno & Burton, 2013) in this self-regulation process. Third, we will test and compare several operationalizations of emotion regulation (in-)flexibility, including the number, uniqueness and variability of strategies employed, as well as strategy switching and endorsement change.

Inadequate public transportation in rural areas has long been a major impediment for rural residents' access to health care, jobs, and community activities and services. Particularly disadvantaged in transportation are the rural poor, elderly, and youth. This report highlights the benefits to be gained by passage of the Commission on Rural Resources' bill, which authorizes the integration of school buses and services into coordinated rural public transportation programs. The bill does not require school districts to participate in such programs, but only authorizes them to do so if they wish. The bill would allow school districts to: (1) rent or lease vehicles to a services coordinator or not-for-profit organization; (2) provide drivers to such organizations; (3) contract to store, maintain, and repair vehicles owned by these organizations; and (4) contract with them to provide a portion of a coordinated rural public transportation program. The bill also requires that school districts be reimbursed for the full amount of costs and expenses incurred in leasing buses or providing services. The report addresses concerns about confusion to motorists, competition with private bus services, and loss of state transportation aid. It also describes existing demonstration programs and the potential benefits of such a system. (DHP)

Multiresource inventories: integrating wildlife and fish resources

We propose a resource distribution strategy to reduce the average travel time in a transportation network given a fixed generation rate. Suppose that there are essential resources to avoid congestion in the network as well as some extra resources. The strategy distributes the essential resources by the average loads on the vertices and integrates the fluctuations of the instantaneous loads into the distribution of the extra resources. The fluctuations are calculated with the assumption of unlimited resources, where the calculation is incorporated into the calculation of the average loads without adding to the time complexity. Simulation results show that the fluctuation-integrated strategy provides shorter average travel time than a previous distribution strategy while keeping similar robustness. The strategy is especially beneficial when the extra resources are scarce and the network is heterogeneous and lowly loaded.

We propose a resource distribution strategy to reduce the average travel time in a transportation network given a fixed generation rate. Suppose that there are essential resources to avoid congestion in the network as well as some extra resources. The strategy distributes the essential resources by the average loads on the vertices and integrates the fluctuations of the instantaneous loads into the distribution of the extra resources. The fluctuations are calculated with the assumption of unlimited resources, where the calculation is incorporated into the calculation of the average loads without adding to the time complexity. Simulation results show that the fluctuation-integrated strategy provides shorter average travel time than a previous distribution strategy while keeping similar robustness. The strategy is especially beneficial when the extra resources are scarce and the network is heterogeneous and lowly loaded.

Includes bibliographical references and index

The purpose of this research project is to demonstrate why integrated and focused approaches to Department of Defense (DoD) lead security cooperation efforts and Department of State (DoS) / U.S Agency for International Development (USAID) foreign assistance programs are required to increase effectiveness and efficiency in a period of constrained resources. Research methodologies include review and analysis of national strategies, department and agency policies, doctrine, and reports, as well as independent studies and articles. Research findings demonstrate a greater need for formal interagency integration and continuous international engagement through combined security cooperation and foreign assistance efforts.

The purpose of this research project is to demonstrate why integrated and focused approaches to Department of Defense (DoD) lead security cooperation efforts and Department of State (DoS) / U.S Agency for International Development (USAID) foreign assistance programs are required to increase effectiveness and efficiency in a period of constrained resources. Research methodologies include review and analysis of national strategies, department and agency policies, doctrine, and reports, as well as independent studies and articles. Research findings demonstrate a greater need for formal interagency integration and continuous international engagement through combined security cooperation and foreign assistance efforts.

"Why are we doing this math stuff, this is social studies class?" This statement reflects the common notion by students that academic disciplines are distinct and separate. While curriculum integration seems to be gaining acceptance again, most integration is done in the traditional manner: math/science or language arts/social studies. The purpose of this paper is to give examples of ways in which teachers can integrate the disciplines of mathematics and social studies in a meaningful way that will allow their students to construct their own knowledge based on their interaction with peers, teachers, and the Internet. Both the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) and National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) standards support this type of integration. Three activities that integrate mathematics and the social studies disciplines of geography, political science and economics are discussed. Other activities relating mathematics to these and other social studies areas are also available on the Internet. Most of these activities also show integration of other academic disciplines. A list of World Wide Web sites for integrating mathematics and social studies and samples of resources and activities downloaded from the Internet are appended. (Author/ND)

This report explores the potential for and obstacles to comprehensive community-level approaches to preparing young people for occupational and academic advancement. Chapter I introduces the New Workforce strategy based on a pathways design and a community framework and strategic plan. Chapter II includes the following: overview of the shaping of the current system; the key institutions and programs that educate, train, and prepare young people for adulthood; reasons for the failures of the current system; and the potential for development of a systematic school-to-work transition strategy. Chapter III describes New Workforce and the early planning and implementation in San Diego and Minneapolis. Chapter IV explores the experiences of institutions in these two cities to determine the extent to which the model has promoted changes in general perspective, patterns of programming, and resource allocation among schools, postsecondary institutions, the employment and training system, and employers. It draws lessons from this experience that should be useful for program planners, administrators, and practitioners. Chapter V recommends that federal actions should include advocacy, redirection of funding, regulatory reform, and capacity building and state actions should include a state strategy, redirection of existing resources, and capacity building. Appendixes include an overview of key elements of the existing system, and local documentation. Contains 35 references. (YLB)

This white paper describes instructional approaches that apply to successful teaching with the Smithsonian "Learning Lab." After defining its use of terms such as "deeper learning" and "authentic resources" the authors review the research basis of three broad approaches that support integrating digital resources into the classroom: project-based learning, guided exploration of concepts and principles, and guided development of academic skills. These approaches find practical application in the last section of the paper, which includes seven case studies. [This report was prepared for the Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access by Interactive Educational Systems Design, Inc.]

The UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) has just published its fifth policy brief, entitled "Making Large-Scale Literacy Campaigns and Programmes Work." The brief provides policymakers with a set of recommendations based on an analysis of adult literacy campaigns and programmes that took place around the world between 2000 and 2014. Despite a resurgence in the popularity of literacy campaigns as a means of mobilizing political will, resources and people, the analysis finds that most large-scale campaigns failed to achieve their overly ambitious targets. The policy brief's key message is therefore that the literacy challenge needs to be addressed from a lifelong learning perspective. This will help policymakers to achieve the literacy target of the new global education agenda, Education 2030. Taking into account the complexity of the literacy task ahead, the policy brief recommends linking literacy campaigns to social change and mobilization; ensuring adequate investment; integrating literacy into holistic learning systems; making systematic use of technology; and improving the quality of literacy data.

The Adult Basic Education Program at Umgeni Water, a water authority in South Africa, is a workplace literacy program that seeks to impart skills within the workplace that can be used in community development, benefiting both the business and community involved. From a pilot project in 1989, the adult education program at Umgeni Water has grown into a holistic development program targeted at the 540 employees assessed to be below a level of functional literacy (42 percent of the work force). At present, 342 learners are in the program, organized into 21 classes at 11 sites. Learners attend classes for 4 hours per week during work time. The program is run by a team of six facilitators experienced in adult education. In 3 years, the program has increased the functional literacy rate among the target group by 12 percent. The program takes a consultative approach, encouraging input from all stakeholders. Learning is experiential and relevant to the life experiences of adults. The learning the adults acquire at work empowers them to participate in community development efforts that benefit themselves as well as the wider community. (KC)

The standards represent the combined five-year effort of the Washington State Association (WSASL) and the Washington Department of Audiovisual Instruction (WDAVI). The national school library and educational media standards were considered in preparation of these quantitative standards which are presented in phases for minimum, good and excellent learning resources programs in the elementary and secondary schools of the state. The purpose of the document is to improve these programs and to establish a basis for continual evaluation of these programs. Each district must develop a program consistent with its own educational objectives and librarians and media specialists must act, with the teacher, as co-directors of learning. (AB)

This thesis provides the foundation to expand the newly developed theater level computerized wargame, SABER, at the Air Force Wargaming Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama to include space conflict at the theater level of simulation. Building upon the recently completed SABER, this thesis effort expands the conceptual framework of the model by integrating the dynamics of space warfare into the current theater level model. This expansion forms a new game called SWATTER. This thesis adds the space units required to integrate the land and air battles with the possible interactions from space. This thesis expands the stochastic attrition processes to include interactions between space forces, ground forces, and air forces with the use of unclassified engineering models. The use of these models results in credible interactions throughout SWATTER. The main components of SWATTER include, satellite constellation determination, mapboard representation of the satellite constellation, detection and targeting processes, intelligence, command and control processes, laser weapon interactions, and stochastic attrition. The goal is to provide sufficient documentation on the necessary algorithms and related equations for programmers to build a computer simulation with a reasonable run time and credible output.

Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture (ATCOFA) faculty members were trained how to integrate service learning activities within senior level classes at Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) in Nacogdoches, Texas. The service learning training, taught under the acronym Mentored Undergraduate Scholarship (MUGS), involved meeting with fellow faculty members over the course of an academic year during the fall semester to first learn how to incorporate service learning activities in a senior level class followed by its incorporation into a class the following spring semester. The service learning model was applied to students in GIS 420, a senior level Landscape Modeling, Spatial Analysis, and Quantitative Assessment course within ATCOFA. The students were instructed within a hands-on interactive environment on how to use geospatial analysis to quantify natural resources. The overall goal was for a student to demonstrate proficiency in understanding how to apply aerial photo interpretation, satellite remote sensing, global positioning system and geographic information systems technology to quantify, qualify, map, monitor and manage natural and environmental resources at the local and landscape scales. Students applied this concept within a quantitative resource assessment, whereby students compared the conventional methodology of measuring height of vertical features within a landscape using a clinometer with the newer ways of measuring height using Pictometry hyperspatial imagery and drone acquired digital imagery. Conventional results were compared to newer technological methodologies to determine the most efficient and accurate way to quantify vertical resources from a spatial perspective.

Web service compositions are gaining attention to develop complex web systems by combination of existing services. Thus, there are many works that leverage the advantages of this approach. However, there are only few works that use web service compositions to manage distributed resources. In this paper, we then present a formal model that combines orchestrations written in BPEL with distributed resources, by using WSRF.

Web service compositions are gaining attention to develop complex web systems by combination of existing services. Thus, there are many works that leverage the advantages of this approach. However, there are only few works that use web service compositions to manage distributed resources. In this paper, we then present a formal model that combines orchestrations written in BPEL with distributed resources, by using WSRF.

Web service compositions are gaining attention to develop complex web systems by combination of existing services. Thus, there are many works that leverage the advantages of this approach. However, there are only few works that use web service compositions to manage distributed resources. In this paper, we then present a formal model that combines orchestrations written in BPEL with distributed resources, by using WSRF.

Noting that the realities of globalization are changing what as well as how and when students learn, this publication focuses on the bridge to higher academic achievement in writing through the use of technology. The information in the booklet is a foundation for improving teaching and learning of writing in the context of the Digital Age. Although a major purpose of writing instruction has been to teach students to communicate with text, the purpose is becoming increasingly expansive in terms of what constitutes text. The notion of text is coming to mean communication with a suite of tools and media, including written work, hypertext, graphics, and multimedia. This report is organized as follows: section one describes the complexity of the writing process; section two describes what leading researchers have found to be the best practices in effective writing; section three describes how the written media should be redefined to leverage the writer's visual intelligence; section four describes how conventional writing is affected by technology; section five presents examples of technology solutions in writing; and section six discusses future trends in the use of technology in writing instruction. (Contains 5 figures and 65 references.) (PM)

A budgetary process that serves a college in an era of expansion is likely to break down when the resource base is reduced and tough-minded decisions about priorities are required. This paper describes a resource allocation system that Gadsden State Junior College developed and tested over a two-year period to respond to fiscal contraction. Key elements of the system are an enrollment-driven program costing procedure, a faculty-based Priorities Advisory Committee, and integration of budgeting with the college's planning system to permit resource allocations to be related to attainment of institutional goals and priorities. Outlined are definitions of specific problems; objectives of the budgetary process; three alternative approaches to incremental budgeting--outcome-oriented budgeting, formula budgeting, and cost analysis; methodology of incorporating the best of each approach into the budget process; and results of Gadsden's experience. It is concluded that (1) financial contraction alone doesn't necessarily lead to a re-examination of programs in relation to the educational outcomes which are produced or the community needs served; (2) formula budgeting combined with cost analysis seems to fit the needs of the college's administrators; and (3) the "homegrown" process is responsive to the unique needs and the style of the college. A bibliography is included and appendices contain policies and procedures and operational data. (Author/MB)

A budgetary process that serves a college in an era of expansion is likely to break down when the resource base is reduced and tough-minded decisions about priorities are required. This paper describes a resource allocation system that Gadsden State Junior College developed and tested over a two-year period to respond to fiscal contraction. Key elements of the system are an enrollment-driven program costing procedure, a faculty-based Priorities Advisory Committee, and integration of budgeting with the college's planning system to permit resource allocations to be related to attainment of institutional goals and priorities. Outlined are definitions of specific problems; objectives of the budgetary process; three alternative approaches to incremental budgeting--outcome-oriented budgeting, formula budgeting, and cost analysis; methodology of incorporating the best of each approach into the budget process; and results of Gadsden's experience. It is concluded that (1) financial contraction alone doesn't necessarily lead to a re-examination of programs in relation to the educational outcomes which are produced or the community needs served; (2) formula budgeting combined with cost analysis seems to fit the needs of the college's administrators; and (3) the "homegrown" process is responsive to the unique needs and the style of the college. A bibliography is included and appendices contain policies and procedures and operational data. (Author/MB)

A budgetary process that serves a college in an era of expansion is likely to break down when the resource base is reduced and tough-minded decisions about priorities are required. This paper describes a resource allocation system that Gadsden State Junior College developed and tested over a two-year period to respond to fiscal contraction. Key elements of the system are an enrollment-driven program costing procedure, a faculty-based Priorities Advisory Committee, and integration of budgeting with the college's planning system to permit resource allocations to be related to attainment of institutional goals and priorities. Outlined are definitions of specific problems; objectives of the budgetary process; three alternative approaches to incremental budgeting--outcome-oriented budgeting, formula budgeting, and cost analysis; methodology of incorporating the best of each approach into the budget process; and results of Gadsden's experience. It is concluded that (1) financial contraction alone doesn't necessarily lead to a re-examination of programs in relation to the educational outcomes which are produced or the community needs served; (2) formula budgeting combined with cost analysis seems to fit the needs of the college's administrators; and (3) the "homegrown" process is responsive to the unique needs and the style of the college. A bibliography is included and appendices contain policies and procedures and operational data. (Author/MB)