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This monograph reviews and synthesizes highlights from relevant writings on evaluation and suggests interpretations and applications for practitioners who plan and conduct various types of educational programs for adults. It suggests that planning and conducting effective educational programs for adults entails contributions by various stakeholders including participants, instructors, coordinators, policymakers, and funders. Concepts, procedures, and examples from evaluation reports are used to represent eight aspects: needs, context, goals, staffing, participation, programs, materials, and outcomes. Many evaluations focus on just one or two of these aspects. Conducting a program evaluation entails many decisions that can be grouped into eight broad action guidelines. The guidelines pertain to purpose, stakeholders, planning, coordination, sources, data collection, analysis, and utilization. Many examples contain enough detail to portray the actual evaluation project and not just illustrate a guideline. Readers can use this overview to clarify basic evaluation concepts and procedures, locate publications likely to provide detailed assistance, and use suggested guidelines to conduct evaluations on selected program aspects of interest. Selecting a program on which to focus should entail selecting an issue of importance, being responsive to stakeholder interest, and considering available expertise and resources for evaluation. (Contains 113 references.) (SK)

Three specific student needs are initially discussed: (1) the need to assess personal abilities, aptitudes, interests, job and college characteristic preferences, and physical and social characteristics; (2) the need to acquire information about educational and occupational alternatives; and (3) the need to learn and apply a strategy for processing this information into personal goals, plans, and actions. Throughout the program, students are seen as problem-solvers, partners in the process of education. The Developmental Guidance Program presented in this paper was designed to facilitate the student in this role of exploration and the formation of tentative decisions about long range educational and occupational goals. The Program, however, is only prototypical and intended to stumulate the design of a broad program of educational and vocational information to meet student career needs. Evaluation instruments designed to assess the success of such programs were mentioned and the need for further evaluative procedures stressed. (TL)

Corruption has been a worldwide issue in the contemporary world today. Many parts the world including Kenya is affected by corruption. Many writers and critics have shown that it's spreading at a very high rate just like HIV/AIDS and environmental degradation. They have noted that corruption is caused by the following factors: poor governance, political patronage, erosion of social norms, poor enforcement of laws, tribalism, nepotism, weak management system among others. These have implicated Kenyan economy negatively. The consequences include: negative international image, increased poverty, social unrest, unemployment, under development, poor medical services. It's because of its high negative magnitude that the researcher south to find out whether Kiswahili set book of "Mstahiki Meya" is disseminating correct strategies of fighting corruption in the young generation preparing them for future life. The objectives of the study were: To determine the themes of corruption in "Mstahiki Meya" Swahili play set book and to evaluate the impact of disseminating information in learners on fighting corruption. The set book "Mstahiki Meya" was sampled by purposive sampling technique. It was then analyzed to identify the themes of corruption through ordinary words. More so a questionnaire was given randomly to sampled 50 secondary students to collect their views on the illustration in the play book impacted their views on way of fighting through school setting via education.

The study of probe event related potentials (probe ERPs) is reviewed. Several recent experiments are described which seem to leave in doubt the usefulness of applying ERP to simulation and field conditions as well as laboratory situations. Relatively minor changes in the experimental paradigm can produce major shifts in ERP findings, for reasons that are not clear. However, task-elicited ERPs might be used on a flight simulator if the experimenter takes time of arrival of the eyes on a particular instrument as one variable of concern and dwell time on the instrument as a second variable. One can then look at ERPs triggered by saccade termination for fixation pauses of specified durations. It may well be that ERP to a momentarily important display will differ from that elicited by routine instrument check.

Finding the right match between a particular instructional technology and a learning style can be just as important for students as finding the right match between their instructors' teaching styles and their own learning styles. This study examines the effectiveness of three instructional methodologies for teaching television lighting methods when compared to individual learning styles. The methodologies included an illustrated text, an interactive CD-ROM, and a non-interactive, linear videotape. Learning styles were determined with the Myers-Briggs psychological type questionnaire. Results lend support for the choice of instructional materials appropriate to students' learning styles, based on Myers-Briggs psychological types, but they do not make very clear distinctions between the latest instructional methodology, the CD-ROM, and a more traditional one, the videotape, as to which is more appealing to a particular learning style. Six tables and figures present findings. (AEF)

A list of the current approaches to teacher evaluation should include the following: (1) examination of student gain scores on standardized tests, (2) analysis of typical student improvement, (3) teaching performance testing, (4) teacher skill testing, (5) administrator or peer group observations and ratings, and (6) student observations and ratings. The first three approaches tend to emphasize the product dimension of teaching, whereas the latter three focus more on the process of teaching. Most of the research activities on teacher evaluation have concentrated on the molecular level of teaching--the processes and results that occur within a classroom setting--whereas administrative concerns seem to be more at the molar level--the overall workload and attendant results. One way of performing formative evaluation at the molar level while increasing teacher morale is to incorporate elements of management by objectives. This is what has been done in the Faculty Performance Objective Form designed for the faculty of education at Queen's University. This instrument (included in an appendix) can be used in overall and specific planning; as an additional form of motivation for individual faculty; and as a source of information for promotions, tenure, and firing. (Author/IRT)

A list of the current approaches to teacher evaluation should include the following: (1) examination of student gain scores on standardized tests, (2) analysis of typical student improvement, (3) teaching performance testing, (4) teacher skill testing, (5) administrator or peer group observations and ratings, and (6) student observations and ratings. The first three approaches tend to emphasize the product dimension of teaching, whereas the latter three focus more on the process of teaching. Most of the research activities on teacher evaluation have concentrated on the molecular level of teaching--the processes and results that occur within a classroom setting--whereas administrative concerns seem to be more at the molar level--the overall workload and attendant results. One way of performing formative evaluation at the molar level while increasing teacher morale is to incorporate elements of management by objectives. This is what has been done in the Faculty Performance Objective Form designed for the faculty of education at Queen's University. This instrument (included in an appendix) can be used in overall and specific planning; as an additional form of motivation for individual faculty; and as a source of information for promotions, tenure, and firing. (Author/IRT)

A list of the current approaches to teacher evaluation should include the following: (1) examination of student gain scores on standardized tests, (2) analysis of typical student improvement, (3) teaching performance testing, (4) teacher skill testing, (5) administrator or peer group observations and ratings, and (6) student observations and ratings. The first three approaches tend to emphasize the product dimension of teaching, whereas the latter three focus more on the process of teaching. Most of the research activities on teacher evaluation have concentrated on the molecular level of teaching--the processes and results that occur within a classroom setting--whereas administrative concerns seem to be more at the molar level--the overall workload and attendant results. One way of performing formative evaluation at the molar level while increasing teacher morale is to incorporate elements of management by objectives. This is what has been done in the Faculty Performance Objective Form designed for the faculty of education at Queen's University. This instrument (included in an appendix) can be used in overall and specific planning; as an additional form of motivation for individual faculty; and as a source of information for promotions, tenure, and firing. (Author/IRT)

Approved For Release 2005/08/03 : CIA-R SECRET Director Intelligence Community'S wasnington. D.C 20505 "6 9 AUG 1985 D/ICS-85-7651 MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. Kenneth E. deGraff enreid Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for National Security Affairs SUBJECT: NSDD on Evaluating the Protection of Sensitive Information at Official United States Facilities Abroad (C) 1. Attached is the Director of Central Intelligence-approved version of the subject NSDD, based upon meetings with conferees from the CIA, NSA and Department of State. Also attached is a spread sheet displaying the DCI draft, the Department of State's proposed rewrite and the National Security (C) Agency's comments on the DCI draft. CIA has concurred in the DCI version. 2. Review of these items leads to the following conclusions (U): a. The State rewrite would make the DCI the operating official for the "tiger teams." It seems more appropriate for NSA to carry out this function, as originally proposed. (S) b. The DCI draft provides the basis for NSA not only to perform the tiger team function, but also to conduct testing and analysis of technical penetrations found in information processing equipment and to perform R&D on technical penetration. (S) c. The DCI draft provides for appropriate coordination of these functions and for the use of established organizational mechanisms and policies under DCI authority. It designates the Technical Surveillance Countermeasures Subcommittee (TSCS), chartered by the DCI to coordinate Community efforts to counter technical penetration, as the coordinating mechanism. NSA's Systems Security Steering Group, which is concerned with computer security, is not the appropriate body to perform this function. The TSCS-formulated Procedural Guides provide policy guidance on counter- intelligence considerations as well as technical aspects of penetration "finds." (S) d. Central coordination of the testing of finds is extremely important, because there are analytical facilities in CIA, FBI, and in DOE laboratories which have been performing such analysis, in addition to the capability NSA proposes to establish. (S) OS REGIS Approved For Release 2005/08/03 SC eDP8713410 00060 020001-7 LIX4 -77Y .7 IL 25X1 Approved For Release 2005/08/03 : CIA-RDP87BO1034R000600020001-7 SECRET SUBJECT: NSDD on Evaluating the Protection of Sensitive Information at Official United States Facilities Abroad (C) e. Paragraph 5e of the DCI draft has been modified to clarify the requirement that NSA provide instructors, as well as information, to the Interagency Training Center. Qualified teachers, as well as information, are needed to overcome the lack of understanding of the offensive state-of-the-art cited by NSA representatives as a shortcoming of the current TSCM program. (S) f. The DCI draft appropriately recognizes thee authorities of the Secretary of State and provides for the Secretary's approval of and participation in activities of the evaluation teams. (S) 3. The analysis above indicates that this draft has accommodated, to the extent' possible without distorting existing DCI policies and responsibilities, the input of State and NSA. (S) Eloise R. Page Acting Director Attachments: A. DCI Draft NSDD B. Spread Sheet 2 SECRET Approved For Release 2005/08/03 : CIA-RDP87BO1034R000600020001-7

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In this paper we apply different techniques of information distortion on a set of classical books written in English. We study the impact that these distortions have upon the Kolmogorov complexity and the clustering by compression technique (the latter based on Normalized Compression Distance, NCD). We show how to decrease the complexity of the considered books introducing several modifications in them. We measure how the information contained in each book is maintained using a clustering error measure. We find experimentally that the best way to keep the clustering error is by means of modifications in the most frequent words. We explain the details of these information distortions and we compare with other kinds of modifications like random word distortions and unfrequent word distortions. Finally, some phenomenological explanations from the different empirical results that have been carried out are presented.

The work classifies the approach to determining the quality of information protection systems, the indicators are given quality assessment and features of indicator calculation. A modification of Balash's algorithm is described, which allows you to minimize computational costs due to the use of integer variables, operations of addition and subtraction and choosing the best direction of descent through the tree of decisions, inherent branch-and-bound methods. A method of computational complexity of the algorithm is proposed, which uses this modification.

Feature selection problems arise in a variety of applications, such as microarray analysis, clinical prediction, text categorization, image classification and face recognition, multi-label learning, and classification of internet traffic. Among the various classes of methods, forward feature selection methods based on mutual information have become very popular and are widely used in practice. However, comparative evaluations of these methods have been limited by being based on specific datasets and classifiers. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework that allows evaluating the methods based on their theoretical properties. Our framework is grounded on the properties of the target objective function that the methods try to approximate, and on a novel categorization of features, according to their contribution to the explanation of the class; we derive upper and lower bounds for the target objective function and relate these bounds with the feature types. Then, we characterize the types of approximations taken by the methods, and analyze how these approximations cope with the good properties of the target objective function. Additionally, we develop a distributional setting designed to illustrate the various deficiencies of the methods, and provide several examples of wrong feature selections. Based on our work, we identify clearly the methods that should be avoided, and the methods that currently have the best performance.

Feature selection problems arise in a variety of applications, such as microarray analysis, clinical prediction, text categorization, image classification and face recognition, multi-label learning, and classification of internet traffic. Among the various classes of methods, forward feature selection methods based on mutual information have become very popular and are widely used in practice. However, comparative evaluations of these methods have been limited by being based on specific datasets and classifiers. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework that allows evaluating the methods based on their theoretical properties. Our framework is grounded on the properties of the target objective function that the methods try to approximate, and on a novel categorization of features, according to their contribution to the explanation of the class; we derive upper and lower bounds for the target objective function and relate these bounds with the feature types. Then, we characterize the types of approximations taken by the methods, and analyze how these approximations cope with the good properties of the target objective function. Additionally, we develop a distributional setting designed to illustrate the various deficiencies of the methods, and provide several examples of wrong feature selections. Based on our work, we identify clearly the methods that should be avoided, and the methods that currently have the best performance.

Information Based Evaluation (IBE) is identified as a design procedure for assessing a variety of projects, programs, and educational changes. IBE was used to evaluate a Comprehensive Diagnostic Teaching Center (DTC) which, in addition to providing teacher training and services to handicapped pupils, would bring together and focus all of the resources of the Indianapolis Public Schools on this problem. Students were referred to the DTC by the school psychologist usually in cooperation with the classroom teacher. The philosophical approach which guided the diagnostic activities of the DTC is that of diagnostic/prescriptive teaching seen as an on going educational process wherein instructional strategies, selected as a result of diagnostic activities are matched to a student's unique learning mode. IBE places the information needs of concerned persons as the overriding concern of any evaluation. Reasons are stated indicating the inadequacy of traditional performance objective evaluation. However, IBE is not free of the use of objectives; their use is justified when feedback is important to information users. When looking at the evaluation process for any program, it is recommended that one concept of evaluation is adopted and maintained through the life of the project insofar as possible. (RC)

This study evaluates the relative performance of (1) binary similarity coefficients, (2) dissimilarity measures, and (3) diversity indices, calculated for three sampling methods, in detecting changes in fish communities associated with two dike fields on the Mississippi River. Dike field fish communities were sampled ans ecaluated for five hydrologic seasons, based on water temperature and flow velocities, and were found to be least similar during high-water low-temperature conditions. During the evaluation, the information derived from electroshocking was the most representative when compared with hoop net and seine information. Of the three families of community information measures, binary similarity coefficients proved to be the most sensitive indicators of change in dike field fish communities. It was further found that measures based on species presence/absence represent a valid alternative methor for characterizing change in community structure. This is especialy true when species abundance data are highly variable, which is the case in many fisheries assessments.

The process of analyzing and designing contemporary information systems is a complex one. Models of proposed system designs can be extremely helpful in determining their behavior prior to the expenditure of manpower, dollars and time on unsatisfactorily performing systems. The goal of this research was to investigate simulation methodologies and language capabilities which could ease model synthesis and analysis efforts in support of system analysis and design. This research focused specifically on data base subsystems and on satisfaction of user performance requirements. An integral part of the research was the modeling of a complex information system architecture to test the appropriateness of the information processing system simulator design facility (IPSS) as a design tool. This document describes the investigative and modeling efforts and reports on the following conclusions: IPSS is a useful tool for modeling in a topdown, modular manner complex information system architectures, and the proposed new capabilities would significantly reduce modeling efforts. (Author)

This open access book summarizes the first two decades of the NII Testbeds and Community for Information access Research (NTCIR). NTCIR is a series of evaluation forums run by a global team of researchers and hosted by the National Institute of Informatics (NII), Japan. The book is unique in that it discusses not just what was done at NTCIR, but also how it was done and the impact it has achieved. For example, in some chapters the reader sees the early seeds of what eventually grew to be the search engines that provide access to content on the World Wide Web, today’s smartphones that can tailor what they show to the needs of their owners, and the smart speakers that enrich our lives at home and on the move. We also get glimpses into how new search engines can be built for mathematical formulae, or for the digital record of a lived human life. Key to the success of the NTCIR endeavor was early recognition that information access research is an empirical discipline and that evaluation therefore lay at the core of the enterprise. Evaluation is thus at the heart of each chapter in this book. They show, for example, how the recognition that some documents are more important than others has shaped thinking about evaluation design. The thirty-three contributors to this volume speak for the many hundreds of researchers from dozens of countries around the world who together shaped NTCIR as organizers and participants. This book is suitable for researchers, practitioners, and students—anyone who wants to learn about past and present evaluation efforts in information retrieval, information access, and natural language processing, as well as those who want to participate in an evaluation task or even to design and organize one.

This open access book summarizes the first two decades of the NII Testbeds and Community for Information access Research (NTCIR). NTCIR is a series of evaluation forums run by a global team of researchers and hosted by the National Institute of Informatics (NII), Japan. The book is unique in that it discusses not just what was done at NTCIR, but also how it was done and the impact it has achieved. For example, in some chapters the reader sees the early seeds of what eventually grew to be the search engines that provide access to content on the World Wide Web, today’s smartphones that can tailor what they show to the needs of their owners, and the smart speakers that enrich our lives at home and on the move. We also get glimpses into how new search engines can be built for mathematical formulae, or for the digital record of a lived human life. Key to the success of the NTCIR endeavor was early recognition that information access research is an empirical discipline and that evaluation therefore lay at the core of the enterprise. Evaluation is thus at the heart of each chapter in this book. They show, for example, how the recognition that some documents are more important than others has shaped thinking about evaluation design. The thirty-three contributors to this volume speak for the many hundreds of researchers from dozens of countries around the world who together shaped NTCIR as organizers and participants. This book is suitable for researchers, practitioners, and students—anyone who wants to learn about past and present evaluation efforts in information retrieval, information access, and natural language processing, as well as those who want to participate in an evaluation task or even to design and organize one.

The Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) has been widely used to evaluate the accuracy of community detection algorithms. However in this article we show that the NMI is seriously affected by systematic errors due to finite size of networks, and may give a wrong estimate of performance of algorithms in some cases. We give a simple theory to the finite-size effect of NMI and test our theory numerically. Then we propose a new metric for the accuracy of community detection, namely the relative Normalized Mutual Information (rNMI), which considers statistical significance of the NMI by comparing it with the expected NMI of random partitions. Our numerical experiments show that the rNMI overcomes the finite-size effect of the NMI.

The NAS Grid Benchmarks (NGB) are a collection of synthetic distributed applications designed to rate the performance and functionality of computational grids. We compare several implementations of the NGB to determine programmability and efficiency of NASA's Information Power Grid (IPG), whose services are mostly based on the Globus Toolkit. We report on the overheads involved in porting existing NGB reference implementations to the IPG. No changes were made to the component tasks of the NGB can still be improved.

Introduction :  With the advent of the twenty-first century, the educational centers are in transition from the educational process to the teaching-learning process. In this process change, every citizen must be freely exposed to learning, education and research under any circumstances. Therefore, attention to training information literacy skills is one of the key elements in the advancement of lifelong learning and modern education system. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the viewpoint of graduate students about the factors affecting the status of information literacy in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.   Methodology:  This study is an applied research carried out through a survey method. The study population consisted of all postgraduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who have completed at least two semesters of academic study before the second semester of 2019-2020. Because of the large size of the research population, sampling was done. The sample size has been determined as 380 subjects through Krejcie-Morgan formula. The data collection tool was a researcher-made information literacy questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by the faculty members of the Knowledge and Information Department of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and its reliability amounted to.82. Findings : The features of the context and previous learning affected the information literacy status of respondents at high and medium levels, the faculty members at the moderate level and IT facilities and libraries at the moderate and low levels. Based on the mean score rate, these four factors are contextual features, faculty members, the facilities of the university's information and communication technology and, finally, academic libraries, respectively. Conclusion : As far as teaching information literacy skills and attention to technological methods are the first priorities of academic libraries as determined by Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) in 2018 and concerning information literacy framework (2016), regarding the role of students as learners and librarians as intermediates in learning the required skills, academic libraries should provide their services so that students independently improve their literacy skills and meet their information needs. Based on the instructions of 2016 framework, it is suggested that universities and higher education institutions move towards greater use of cyberspace, such as Web 2 and use facilities such as library websites and a virtual reference desk and an ongoing dialogue.

Problem statement: Evaluation, an important step in educational settings, is usually understood as a process to measure what students know or what they have learned. A variety of methods can be used for assessment and tests are one of the most important and widely-used. While being tested, one may learn or retrieve previously learned information via some mental processes that work on the memory. This phenomenon is called the "testing effect." Despite some disadvantages, tests can also be used as learning materials. So, we will present our study on the testing effect in the classroom setting. Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the testing effect occurs in a classroom setting while using a test consisting of multiple choice and matching questions and a worksheet that summarizes the topic, and also to examine the effects of feedback and time. Methods: In this study, the testing effect was investigated in a college chemistry course, and 98 pre-service science teachers participated. A pretest, post-test, control group research design was followed to investigate the testing effect. A pre-test that has 100 short-answer questions was performed and students were grouped according to scores from that test. Seven groups (six experimental and one control) were constituted with the requirement that each group had the same average score on the pre-test. An intervening test was applied to four groups (two of them received feedback immediately after the test), a worksheet that summarizes the topic was studied by two groups and one group (control group) had no additional activity. The same pre-test was applied as a post-test to determine final retention. Three groups received this post-test a day later, and the other three experimental groups and the control group received it a week later. Final retention of previously learned information and the effects of testing, receiving feedback and re-studying were investigated. Finding and Results: The results of this study showed that exposing students to supporting practices has a positive effect on retention of previously learned information regardless of the type of the practice. Specifically, tests, which educational professionals frequently use to assess their students' learning, should be used to support teaching and learning processes instead of just to determine the level of learning. Conclusions and Recommendation: The results have important implications for classroom practice. That is, since much research supports the claim that testing has an important effect on students' retention of previously learned information, it, therefore, should be used to improve classroom practices, and support teaching and learning processes.

As the popularity of Information Technology programs has expanded at many universities, there are a number of questions to be answered from a curriculum standpoint. As many of these programs are either interdisciplinary, or at least exist outside of the usual Computer Science and Information Systems programs, questions of what is appropriate for the curriculum and accreditation have arisen. More specifically, as the demand for information security professionals has expanded enormously, IT majors will increasingly be asked to fill these roles. This paper seeks to examine the curriculum for IT programs with a special focus on security. Security has become an increasingly important topic, and one that IT graduates will likely be dealing with professionally. We answer this question by examining the curriculum guidelines for IT programs, and comparing these to both professional standards and IT program curriculums at several universities.

A study was conducted to develop a model for a computer-based career information delivery system for use in New York State occupational education programs. The study included a literature review and five major substudies (information validation, user satisfaction, and vendor surveys; site visits to selected schools and agencies using career information systems; and a demonstration of career information delivery systems to a system review panel). The literature review yielded a list of 85 information components that was confirmed by the validation survey and enlarged by surveys of principals, counselors, students, and parents. Of the five career information systems presented by vendors, four were rated satisfactory and just passing. It was decided that the state should pursue the development and utilization of career information delivery systems. No single system should be adopted; however, all systems considered for use should undergo some sort of approval process. Activities such as staff development workshops and printed communications should be developed as soon as possible, and a career information delivery system coordinating office should be created to oversee the coordination and continued improvement of career information systems for vocational students. (Appendixes include copies of all the project surveys and related materials, correspondence, and forms.) (MN)

As conversational AI becomes more prevalent in educational, professional and personal settings, understanding how people evaluate information from these agents has significant implications for various areas of research. The objective of this study is to investigate whether our level of trust is affected by (1) the source of information (human vs. AI) and (2) how the information is presented (explicitly vs. implicitly).

The article offers a generalized method of choosing and justifying the optimal structure of parallel information backup of signaling systems of dangerous flight situations according to the principle of majoritarian logic. Obtained mathematical dependencies of simultaneous accounting and minimization probabilities of false alarms and non-detection of controlled events on board aircraft.

This project is a mixed-methods study that develops and evaluates a Road Safety Management Information System and a Machine learning based predictive model for road traffic accidents in Ethiopia. It aims to develop and implement a reliable and efficient data source and a predictive tool for road safety decision-making in Adama and Jimma cities, Ethiopia.

The nontraditional degree program at the University of Minnesota is located in a traditional setting, but the participants are exempted from many of the standard graduation criteria such as fulfillment of language and distribution requirements. Students' academic success is outlined along with the results of the study (evaluated by using registration data obtained from transcripts) (1) to describe and compare the courses and academic records for students accepted into the program with students who were not accepted into the program, and (2) to expand the data based literature concerning the evaluation of nontraditional degree programs. (Author/BB)

Particular problems in the process of summative evaluation of document based information systems designed for educators are caused by a series of conditions of context factors of the evaluation. Some of these factors are identified and described. An evaluation plan is presented which recommends that the emphasis be shifted from initial definitions of objectives, benefits, and clients to increased emphasis on the identification of alternative information systems and the dissemination of its evaluation data. Examples from previous evaluation studies are presented to illustrate the problems as well as the recommended approach. (WCM)

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 15 titles deal with the following topics: remedial reading teacher attitudes, how parent training in behavior modification and transactional analysis affects remedial reading instruction, the effect of role change on the reading achievement of high school remedial reading students, a comparison of two reading readiness programs, how context affects word recognition and comprehension, the role of Head Start programs in identifying learning disabilities, how select program variables relate to reading achievement, how task analysis and diagnostic remedial assessment affect behavior during reading instruction, the evaluation of a paraprofessional tutorial strategy, the language experience approach compared to a basal approach in remedial reading instruction, how units of drill and practice affect decoding performances, the use of oral language and cultural heritage in beginning reading instruction, evaluating a diagnostic/prescriptive approach to reading, specific factors related to the reading improvement of students in a reading laboratory program, and how reading material organization affects reading achievement in an individualized reading program. (RL)

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 15 titles deal with the following topics: remedial reading teacher attitudes, how parent training in behavior modification and transactional analysis affects remedial reading instruction, the effect of role change on the reading achievement of high school remedial reading students, a comparison of two reading readiness programs, how context affects word recognition and comprehension, the role of Head Start programs in identifying learning disabilities, how select program variables relate to reading achievement, how task analysis and diagnostic remedial assessment affect behavior during reading instruction, the evaluation of a paraprofessional tutorial strategy, the language experience approach compared to a basal approach in remedial reading instruction, how units of drill and practice affect decoding performances, the use of oral language and cultural heritage in beginning reading instruction, evaluating a diagnostic/prescriptive approach to reading, specific factors related to the reading improvement of students in a reading laboratory program, and how reading material organization affects reading achievement in an individualized reading program. (RL)

Information Warfare in its broadest definition has existed since armed conflict began. As the pace of battle accelerates and information collection intensifies it is necessary to have a means of synergistically combining the advanced technological tools, organizational structure and mathematical analysis of information target vulnerabilities. This essay provides a model to accomplish such a goal by establishing a framework to evaluate methods of employment, types of attack and desired results when prioritizing information targets.

We present an evaluation of an information retrieval system designed for the 1997 TREC-6 Interactive Track; that is, Aspect Oriented Retrieval, or finding documents that cover all aspects of relevance to a given topic. Our system includes a basic search system, a task-specific aspect window, and a 3-D visualization of document and aspect relationships. We compare two versions of our system against ZPRISE, a baseline system provided by NIST. A study of 20 searchers shows significant differences between two classes of searchers, and supports several hypotheses about the design of an aspect oriented system. An interesting result is a likely correlation between structural visualization ability and facility with a 3-D visualization.

One of 33 self-paced instructional modules categorized under 13 major headings, which have been prepared for training industry services leaders to provide guidance in the performance of industry service tasks, this module is an introduction for those who need basic information about the concepts and activities of industry services programs. (Industry services are tasks performed by a public agency or institution, directly related to manpower development for new and expanding private industry.) Seven learning activities cover various aspects of industry services and industry services programs. (The titles of the 13 major categories of Industry Services Leadership Development (ISLD) Modules are (1) Orientation to Industry Services, (2) Establishing Contacts and Relationships, (3) Obtaining Agreements, (4) Identifying Training Needs, (5) Acquiring Resources, (6) Training Instructors for Industry Services, (7) Preparing for Training, (8) Preparing Training Materials, (9) Selecting Candidates, (10) Monitoring Training Programs, (11) Closing Training Programs, (12) Placing Program Participants, and (13) Evaluating Industry Services Programs). (HD)

Purpose:  The current research examines the impact of customization and information richness strategies on customer trust and purchase intention on e-commerce websites, as well as the moderating role of business intelligence in these processes. Methodology:  His research is applied in its purpose and correlational in its method. The statistical population consisted of buyers from the Digikala and TechnoLife websites. The minimum sample size based on structural equation modeling sampling methods was 375 individuals, and a sample of 385 buyers from these websites was collected. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, convergent validity (extracted variance), and discriminant validity (Fornell-Larcker criterion and HTMT ratio). Statistical analyses were conducted using Smart PLS 4 software and the PLS-SEM approach. Findings:  The results indicated that trust positively affects purchase intention, and service customization influences purchase intention through trust. Information richness also affects purchase intention both directly and through trust. Business intelligence had a negative impact on the relationship between service customization and trust but did not have a significant effect on the relationship between information richness and trust. Originality/Value:  This refers to the work you are doing from your perspective, even though you may support your arguments with research conducted by others.

Purpose:  The current research examines the impact of customization and information richness strategies on customer trust and purchase intention on e-commerce websites, as well as the moderating role of business intelligence in these processes. Methodology:  His research is applied in its purpose and correlational in its method. The statistical population consisted of buyers from the Digikala and TechnoLife websites. The minimum sample size based on structural equation modeling sampling methods was 375 individuals, and a sample of 385 buyers from these websites was collected. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, convergent validity (extracted variance), and discriminant validity (Fornell-Larcker criterion and HTMT ratio). Statistical analyses were conducted using Smart PLS 4 software and the PLS-SEM approach. Findings:  The results indicated that trust positively affects purchase intention, and service customization influences purchase intention through trust. Information richness also affects purchase intention both directly and through trust. Business intelligence had a negative impact on the relationship between service customization and trust but did not have a significant effect on the relationship between information richness and trust. Originality/Value:  This refers to the work you are doing from your perspective, even though you may support your arguments with research conducted by others.

Note this registration has been withdrawn: The overall aim of this experiment is an exploration into how the timing of using a sketch in interviews aids deception detection. The main aim is to compare which of 3 different times a sketch is presented (before speaking, after speaking or at the same time as speaking) is most effective in eliciting cues to veracity/deceit. The primary objective of the proposed study will be to examine the efficacy of different sketching recall procedures and determine which method is most beneficial to investigative interviews for information-gathering and enhancing the ability to detect deception.

Data from the DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS), mounted on the International Space Station (ISS), were used to develop and test algorithms for remotely retrieving ecosystem productivity. Twenty DESIS images were used from three widely separated forested study sites representing deciduous and conifer forests. Gross primary production (GPP) values from eddy covariance flux towers at the sites were matched with DESIS spectral reflectances collected on the same days. Multiple algorithms were successful relating spectral reflectance with GPP, including: spectral vegetation indices (SVI) sensitive to chlorophyll content, SVI used in a photosynthetic light-use efficiency model framework, spectral shape characteristics through spectral derivatives and absorption feature analysis, and statistical models leading to multiband hyperspectral indices from partial least squares regression. Successful algorithms were able to achieve R2 better than 0.7 using a diverse set of observations combining data from different sites from multiple years and at multiple times during the year. The demonstrated robustness of the algorithms provides some confidence in using DESIS imagery to map spatial patterns of GPP.

Data from the DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS), mounted on the International Space Station (ISS), were used to develop and test algorithms for remotely retrieving ecosystem productivity. Twenty DESIS images were used from three widely separated forested study sites representing deciduous and conifer forests. Gross primary production (GPP) values from eddy covariance flux towers at the sites were matched with DESIS spectral reflectances collected on the same days. Multiple algorithms were successful relating spectral reflectance with GPP, including: spectral vegetation indices (SVI) sensitive to chlorophyll content, SVI used in a photosynthetic light-use efficiency model framework, spectral shape characteristics through spectral derivatives and absorption feature analysis, and statistical models leading to multiband hyperspectral indices from partial least squares regression. Successful algorithms were able to achieve R2 better than 0.7 using a diverse set of observations combining data from different sites from multiple years and at multiple times during the year. The demonstrated robustness of the algorithms provides some confidence in using DESIS imagery to map spatial patterns of GPP.

Evaluating a Nation (AFIF 18) is a short Cold War film from 1951 on how the U.S. evaluates the strength and security of a nation (in terms of susceptibility to Soviet influence), based on that country’s geography, climate, natural resources, and population. The film opens with footage of fighting during World War II, Adolf Hitler, and a shot of the United Nations builidng in New York City. Members of the U.N. General Assembly gather in one of the building’s halls. Italian citizens vote in an election (01:31). This is followed by footage of what appears to be Italian soldiers or police attacking civilians in the streets. People walk by Greece’s Athenian Acropolis. Nazi paratroopers drop into Greece. Chinese streets are crowded with people and goods. Spain’s Francisco Franco waves to supporters. The film discusses the different aspects the U.S. considers when evaluating a nation and then uses Czechoslovakia as a case study for the process. Czech men cut grain and load it onto a truck (05:44). The film shows viewers some shots of the country’s urban areas (streets and buildings). Coal miners toil in a mine (06:27). A religious procession moves through a street (06:43). Nazi forces march into Czechoslovakia (07:15). The film then shows the portrait of Professor Karl Haushofer (10:52), a German general, geographer, and politician. A crowd of Nazi sympathizers gather to hear Hitler speak (11:06). The film shows viewers quick shots of other Nazi leaders speaking, including Hess, Goering, Frank, Goebbels, Dietrich, Todt, Reinhardt, and Darre. U.S. military equipment—such as artillery guns—is shipped to countries in eastern Europe (13:25). U.S. General Omar Bradley and several other generals stand around a globe. An aerial view shows the North Pole (15:35), one of the new battlegrounds between the post-war superpowers. U.S. troops parachute out of a plane. Men ski down snowy hills. The film shows Moscow’s Red Square and a military parade featuring tanks (16:23) and soldiers; Stalin presides over the parade. We encourage viewers to add comments and, especially, to provide additional information about our videos by adding a comment!  See something interesting?  Tell people what it is and what they can see by writing something for example: "01:00:12:00 -- President Roosevelt is seen meeting with Winston Churchill at the Quebec Conference." This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD, 2k and 4k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com

Evaluating a Nation (AFIF 18) is a short Cold War film from 1951 on how the U.S. evaluates the strength and security of a nation (in terms of susceptibility to Soviet influence), based on that country’s geography, climate, natural resources, and population. The film opens with footage of fighting during World War II, Adolf Hitler, and a shot of the United Nations builidng in New York City. Members of the U.N. General Assembly gather in one of the building’s halls. Italian citizens vote in an election (01:31). This is followed by footage of what appears to be Italian soldiers or police attacking civilians in the streets. People walk by Greece’s Athenian Acropolis. Nazi paratroopers drop into Greece. Chinese streets are crowded with people and goods. Spain’s Francisco Franco waves to supporters. The film discusses the different aspects the U.S. considers when evaluating a nation and then uses Czechoslovakia as a case study for the process. Czech men cut grain and load it onto a truck (05:44). The film shows viewers some shots of the country’s urban areas (streets and buildings). Coal miners toil in a mine (06:27). A religious procession moves through a street (06:43). Nazi forces march into Czechoslovakia (07:15). The film then shows the portrait of Professor Karl Haushofer (10:52), a German general, geographer, and politician. A crowd of Nazi sympathizers gather to hear Hitler speak (11:06). The film shows viewers quick shots of other Nazi leaders speaking, including Hess, Goering, Frank, Goebbels, Dietrich, Todt, Reinhardt, and Darre. U.S. military equipment—such as artillery guns—is shipped to countries in eastern Europe (13:25). U.S. General Omar Bradley and several other generals stand around a globe. An aerial view shows the North Pole (15:35), one of the new battlegrounds between the post-war superpowers. U.S. troops parachute out of a plane. Men ski down snowy hills. The film shows Moscow’s Red Square and a military parade featuring tanks (16:23) and soldiers; Stalin presides over the parade. We encourage viewers to add comments and, especially, to provide additional information about our videos by adding a comment!  See something interesting?  Tell people what it is and what they can see by writing something for example: "01:00:12:00 -- President Roosevelt is seen meeting with Winston Churchill at the Quebec Conference." This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD, 2k and 4k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com

Many users have difficulties in deciding, whether the information they found online is trustworthy and objective. In this project, we aim to develop and validate a checklist for helping laypersons with evaluating the trustworthiness of online health information. Furthermore, we aim to develop online training material to inform lay people about the checklist and provide detailed explanation of the checklist criteria.

Government Publishing Office U.S. Congress House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform EVALUATING PRIVACY, SECURITY, AND FRAUD CONCERNS WITH OBAMACARE'S INFORMATION SHARING APPARATUS Date(s) Held: 2013-07-17 113th Congress, 1st Session GPO Document Source: CHRG-113hhrg86193 Superintendents of Documents ID: Y 4.G 74/7 Witnesses: Mr. Alan R. Duncan, Assistant Inspector General for Security and Information Technology Services, Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration The Hon. Daniel Werfel, Principal Deputy Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service The Hon. Marilyn B. Tavenner, Administrator, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Mr. John Dicken, Director, Health Care, U.S. Government Accountability Office Related Items: 5 CFR Part 160.103, Congressional Serial No. 113-66 Congressional Serial No. 113-25

The purpose of this database comparison is to express the importance of teaching information literacy skills and to apply those skills to commonly used Internet-based research tools. This paper includes a comparison and evaluation of three databases (ProQuest, ERIC, and Google Scholar). It includes strengths and weaknesses of each database based on the quality, relevance, and accessibility of information. The quantitative and qualitative results of two academically relevant queries are also compared and evaluated in reference to validity, quality, currency, and utility of the search. The first table of results is for educational topic "technology professional development" and the second table of results is for a person who is a leader in this area "Lynne Schrum." Each database produced different results and various tools to evaluate the results. A researcher, or student, must successfully employ their information literacy skills in deciding which database will fit their needs. Educators must systematically provide students with experience in developing their information literacy skills so that they may be successful in a technology-driven 21st century work environment. A bibliography is included.

This is a foundation for a protocol which provides a systematic and repeatable method for evaluating the effectiveness of an information visualisation. It is aimed at assessing people’s understanding of visualised information that shows uncertainty. The demonstrator case is visualisations of COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness. This protocol was created in a thesis project for the Bachelor of Advanced Computing degree at the University of Sydney.

Research Questions : Q1 : Does the type of social information influence social learners’ tendency to explore? Q2 : Does the type of social information influence social learners’ exploration patterns? Q3 : Does the type of social information influence intergenerational cultural variation? Q4 : Do mutations affecting different types of social information differentially affect cultural variation across generations? Q5 : Does the type of social information influence social learners’ ability to outperform previous generations?

Part of an eight-module, graduate level, competency-based curriculum to prepare specialists in vocational education curriculum, this module provides information, activities, and experiences to assist in planning and implementing an assessment of curriculum development needs as the initial step in vocational program planning. Pretest, posttest, and a glossary of terms precede the instructional objectives and learning activities which are organized according to nine major performance objectives. The first three objectives are concerned with definitions and rationale for the needs assessment process, vocational education needs assessment, and various scope and models of needs assessment. Objectives four and five introduce sources of manpower data and ways of using manpower information in curricular decisions. Objective six deals with the special needs of the disadvantaged and handicapped, while the following objective requires learners to develop a data collection plan. In performance objective eight, learners develop a plan for collecting local needs assessment data. The final objective requires learners to analyze and interpret needs assessment information in making recommendations for curriculum change. These major objectives are subdivided into several instructional objectives which are accompanied by related learning activities. The learning activities include fact sheets, worksheets, activity sheets, and keys. (Author/NJ)

One of a series of sixteen knowledge transformation papers, this paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal studies as a method for evaluating vocational programs. First, longitudinal methods are defined for the differences between them and cross-sectional studies are established. The results of a literature search conducted on the ERIC database are provided, showing that eighteen studies relevant to vocational education used longitudinal methods. Then, the importance of longitudinal data is emphasized because of its role in studying the relationships between vocational program practices and student development. In the next section, ways to implement longitudinal studies are discussed. The data requirements are found to include input information on biography and enrollment; process data, such as student progress and program characteristics; and output information on termination, initial placement, and follow-up. The conclusion acknowledges the problems associated with such studies to be the complicated process of data collection, the length of time involved, and the lack of prototypes for vocational educators to follow. References are cited at the end. (ELG)

The basic ways to improve the reliability of the information in the informative and control systems (ICS) by the methods of parallel, sequential and combined information reservation are given. The generalized mathematical model of parallel, sequential and combined information redundancy of ICS and its impact on decision-making process, removal of negative events, such as not detected and false alarm situati