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Government Publishing Office U.S. Congress House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs HIGHER EDUCATION IN AFRICA: MAKING THE LINK BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Date(s) Held: 2008-05-06 110th Congress, 2nd Session GPO Document Source: CHRG-110hhrg42294 Related Items: Congressional Serial No. 110-232

This book examines organized interests in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), providing incisive analyses in three critically important policy areas - healthcare, higher education and energy. The four countries surveyed – Poland, Hungary, Slovenia and the Czech Republic – afford rich diversity offering broad empirical material available for cross-country and cross-policy comparative analyses. Featuring interdisciplinary research, the book draws together recent developments in the evolution of post-communist advocacy organizations, their population ecology dynamics, interest intermediation, the influence of organized interests and their (bottom-up and top-down) Europeanization. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of Central and Eastern European politics, interest groups and lobbying, post-communism, transition and consolidation studies, and more broadly to European studies/politics.

A long standing debate among policymakers as well as researchers is whether and how funding affects the quality of education. Often missing from the discussion is information about the costs of providing education at the school level and below, yet such information could impart a better indication of the linkages between outcomes and resources than is available with more macro-level data. In addition, because No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and state accountability systems often require reporting of performance at the grade or school level, micro-level cost information would be useful to school administrators as they try to allocate resources productively. In this paper, we analyze the challenges involved in establishing a system to track costs at the school, grade, and subject level that will fit the needs of both internal and external users. To begin, we review the literature on cost accounting that is relevant to micro-level costs and the research that analyzes sub-district level resources. Next, we describe general challenges that arise in reporting at the level of the school and below and we then discuss school-level reporting in practice. We follow with a case study of an improved reporting system that links resource use, student demographic characteristics, and student outcomes at the school, grade and subject level. We conclude with recommendations for states when constructing such systems. The following tables are appended: (1) Comparison of Approaches in Addressing the Challenges of Producing School-Level Reports; (2) Sources of Data for Pennsylvania School-Level Reports; (3a) Example of School Summary Report for Sample Elementary School; and (3b) Example of Fifth Grade Summary Report for Sample Elementary School.

A long standing debate among policymakers as well as researchers is whether and how funding affects the quality of education. Often missing from the discussion is information about the costs of providing education at the school level and below, yet such information could impart a better indication of the linkages between outcomes and resources than is available with more macro-level data. In addition, because No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and state accountability systems often require reporting of performance at the grade or school level, micro-level cost information would be useful to school administrators as they try to allocate resources productively. In this paper, we analyze the challenges involved in establishing a system to track costs at the school, grade, and subject level that will fit the needs of both internal and external users. To begin, we review the literature on cost accounting that is relevant to micro-level costs and the research that analyzes sub-district level resources. Next, we describe general challenges that arise in reporting at the level of the school and below and we then discuss school-level reporting in practice. We follow with a case study of an improved reporting system that links resource use, student demographic characteristics, and student outcomes at the school, grade and subject level. We conclude with recommendations for states when constructing such systems. The following tables are appended: (1) Comparison of Approaches in Addressing the Challenges of Producing School-Level Reports; (2) Sources of Data for Pennsylvania School-Level Reports; (3a) Example of School Summary Report for Sample Elementary School; and (3b) Example of Fifth Grade Summary Report for Sample Elementary School.

viii, 110 p. : 21 cm

It’s a great honor and a privilege to support bereaved families in their time of need. Non of our activities would be possible without the generosity of our donors. Thank you for your support, commitment, kindness and belief in doing good! You can support our cause by sharing this post or making a donation in the link in bio 🙏 #israel🇮🇱 #october7 #supportisrael #onefamily #תמיכהלנפגעיטרור #משפחהאחת

It’s a great honor and a privilege to support bereaved families in their time of need. Non of our activities would be possible without the generosity of our donors. Thank you for your support, commitment, kindness and belief in doing good! You can support our cause by sharing this post or making a donation in the link in bio 🙏 #israel🇮🇱 #october7 #supportisrael #onefamily #תמיכהלנפגעיטרור #משפחהאחת

THANK YOU to the volunteers who are making phone calls on behalf of my campaign from the comfort of your home right now! Over 7,000 calls already! If you'd like to help us to victory on May 19 by making calls from home, please sign up using the link below and ... #gapol https://t.co/3xIcXWZcV1 Source: https://twitter.com/mtgreenee/status/1243651507347755009 Uploader: Marjorie Taylor Greene 🇺🇸

Original video the annotations are for.  By: LSuperSonicQ Uploaded for archival purposes since YouTube is about to delete all annotations soon.

Under threat, computations underlying value-based decision-making shift from being driven by predominantly value-related regions – such as the ventromedial cortex (vmPFC) and striatum – to being driven by brain regions involved in threat coping – such as the (dorsal) anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala (ACC, AMY) (Park, Kahnt, Rieskamp, & Heekeren, 2011; Roy et al., 2014). Simultaneously, the presence of environmental threat triggers a defensive state of freezing which is primarily characterized by heart rate deceleration (bradycardia) and body immobility, and is thought to be driven by activation in the brain stem periaqueductal gray (PAG; (Kozlowska, Walker, McLean, & Carrive, 2015)). The state associated with freezing has been associated with improved perception of course visual features, faster responding, and has been implicated to play a role in risk assessment (Blanchard, Griebel, Pobbe, & Blanchard, 2011; Hashemi et al., 2019; Lojowska, Gladwin, Hermans, & Roelofs, 2015). Together, this suggests an important role for freezing in decision-making under threat, potentially affecting the decision whether to approach or avoid the situation. However, it remains unclear how freezing would affect the neural computations underlying such value-based approach-avoidance decision-making. In this study, we test three potential pathways through which this could manifest (Livermore et al., 2021). First, it could be that freezing moderates the subjective value of aversive outcome information (Roy et al., 2014). Secondly, freezing could feed into the integration of reward and punishment values (Park et al., 2011). Finally, freezing could be involved in the tendency to respond passively vs. actively, moderating activity in regions involved in switching into action and action preparation (Hashemi et al., 2019). In this study, we will investigate how freezing under threat – assessed through bradycardia – is linked to neural activity in brain regions involved in passive and active approach-avoidance decision-making under threat.

Under threat, computations underlying value-based decision-making shift from being driven by predominantly value-related regions – such as the ventromedial cortex (vmPFC) and striatum – to being driven by brain regions involved in threat coping – such as the (dorsal) anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala (ACC, AMY) (Park, Kahnt, Rieskamp, & Heekeren, 2011; Roy et al., 2014). Simultaneously, the presence of environmental threat triggers a defensive state of freezing which is primarily characterized by heart rate deceleration (bradycardia) and body immobility, and is thought to be driven by activation in the brain stem periaqueductal gray (PAG; (Kozlowska, Walker, McLean, & Carrive, 2015)). The state associated with freezing has been associated with improved perception of course visual features, faster responding, and has been implicated to play a role in risk assessment (Blanchard, Griebel, Pobbe, & Blanchard, 2011; Hashemi et al., 2019; Lojowska, Gladwin, Hermans, & Roelofs, 2015). Together, this suggests an important role for freezing in decision-making under threat, potentially affecting the decision whether to approach or avoid the situation. However, it remains unclear how freezing would affect the neural computations underlying such value-based approach-avoidance decision-making. In this study, we test three potential pathways through which this could manifest (Livermore et al., 2021). First, it could be that freezing moderates the subjective value of aversive outcome information (Roy et al., 2014). Secondly, freezing could feed into the integration of reward and punishment values (Park et al., 2011). Finally, freezing could be involved in the tendency to respond passively vs. actively, moderating activity in regions involved in switching into action and action preparation (Hashemi et al., 2019). In this study, we will investigate how freezing under threat – assessed through bradycardia – is linked to neural activity in brain regions involved in passive and active approach-avoidance decision-making under threat.

Did you know Israel has seized over 22,000 dunams of land in the West Bank since 2023? Prof. Yael Berda (Hebrew University) explains how this strategically located land is fragmenting Palestinian territories, making a future Palestinian state nearly impossible. You can access the report at the link in our bio. Comments promoting violence or vulgarity will be removed. #AMA #AcademicsforPeace #Academics4Peace #reels #fyp #explainervideo #explainer #History #peace

Polls taken during the week of the Republican National Convention called for a higher priority given to resolving the Arab-Israeli dispute over Palestine if President Bush wins a second term. Most experts agree that resolving the problem would substantially help the U.S. and its allies in the war on terrorism and in creating a free Iraq. Hanan Ashrawi, noted Palestinian legislator, outlined new directions for the U.S. and how the upcoming Palestinian municipal and national elections may affect the political landscape of Israel and Palestine and the future of peace in the region. Ambassador Edward Peck, former U.S. chief of mission in Iraq, examined the links that connect Jerusalem and Baghdad and the overall U.S. policy toward the Middle East; he suggested a new role for the next president in regard to our Middle East policy. The program is in RealVideo and is divided by speaker: * Hanan Ashrawi (1 hr 10 min), Palestinian legislator * Amb. Ed Peck (14 min), Foreign Services International and former Chief of Mission to Iraq * Eugene Bird (12 min), President of CNI * E. Faye Williams (7 min), former candidate for Congress from Louisiana Recorded September 10, 2004, in the Rayburn House Office Building on Capitol Hill, Washington, DC.

Polls taken during the week of the Republican National Convention called for a higher priority given to resolving the Arab-Israeli dispute over Palestine if President Bush wins a second term. Most experts agree that resolving the problem would substantially help the U.S. and its allies in the war on terrorism and in creating a free Iraq. Hanan Ashrawi, noted Palestinian legislator, outlined new directions for the U.S. and how the upcoming Palestinian municipal and national elections may affect the political landscape of Israel and Palestine and the future of peace in the region. Ambassador Edward Peck, former U.S. chief of mission in Iraq, examined the links that connect Jerusalem and Baghdad and the overall U.S. policy toward the Middle East; he suggested a new role for the next president in regard to our Middle East policy. The program is in RealVideo and is divided by speaker: * Hanan Ashrawi (1 hr 10 min), Palestinian legislator * Amb. Ed Peck (14 min), Foreign Services International and former Chief of Mission to Iraq * Eugene Bird (12 min), President of CNI * E. Faye Williams (7 min), former candidate for Congress from Louisiana Recorded September 10, 2004, in the Rayburn House Office Building on Capitol Hill, Washington, DC.

U.S. House of Representatives Congressional Hearing Committee on Foreign Affairs Date: 2008-05-06 Room: 2172 Rayburn HOB HIGHER EDUCATION IN AFRICA: MAKING THE LINK BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Successive elimination of candidates is often a route to making manipulation intractable to compute. We prove that eliminating candidates does not necessarily increase the computational complexity of manipulation. However, for many voting rules used in practice, the computational complexity increases. For example, it is already known that it is NP-hard to compute how a single voter can manipulate the result of single transferable voting (the elimination version of plurality voting). We show here that it is NP-hard to compute how a single voter can manipulate the result of the elimination version of veto voting, of the closely related Coombs' rule, and of the elimination versions of a general class of scoring rules.

Examining the moderating role of executive functioning (EF) in the link between stressful life events (SLEs) and suboptimal decision-making under ambiguity in emerging adults, using a computerized behavioral task measuring optimal decision-making under ambiguity and online questionnaires assessing risk-taking propensity, EF, and SLEs.

Examining the moderating role of executive functioning (EF) in the link between stressful life events (SLEs) and suboptimal decision-making under ambiguity in emerging adults, using a computerized behavioral task measuring optimal decision-making under ambiguity and online questionnaires assessing risk-taking propensity, EF, and SLEs.

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Gaza | Snuff Vidoes on Tiktok Israeli soldier Alex Shultz, making fun of how he is stealing and occupying a house of a Gazan and jokingly saying he pays 40 shekels as a rent per month. The link of the tiktok video: [https://t.co/INkxhFDSbo] https://t.co/JAu0LMmZXP

This paper reviews some of the general results on maximum likelihood estimation for loglinear models. These results have special relevance for the analysis of multidimensional contingency tables, and for the reporting of data from large-scale sample surveys. In addition, the results are applicable to other categorical data problems that are often representable in contingency table form.

The primary goal of work force development--meaningful job placement--may appear to be narrower than the broad social and personal goals of education; however, education and work force development share common functions, content, and objectives. The training process in work force development involves many of the major functions of a formal education process: teaching, curriculum development, assessment, and counseling. The content of work force training is becoming increasingly educational as work force development responds to higher levels of literacy required by the economy. Given the common functions and content of education and work force development, it is not surprising that work force developers and educators also share objectives, such as instructing effectively and reaching populations outside the traditional K-12 and higher education system. In view of their common functions, objectives, and shared fundamental educational commitment to helping individuals reach their full potential, educators and work force developers are natural constituencies for each other. Their common functions and concerns give work force developers and educators a means of talking to one another about how job training and school-based learning reinforce and supplement each other. (MN)

The guide presents concepts and approaches to prevention of alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse among college students, focusing on the role of faculty in prevention efforts. Sections discuss why faculty should get involved, the impact of AOD abuse on academic performance, the rationale for taking an environmental approach to prevention, helping students who are experiencing problems, motivating faculty interest in prevention, ways in which academic departments can support prevention, active learning opportunities through service learning, and using academics to generate student involvement in prevention efforts. Lists of publications, organizations, and relevant World Wide Web sites that can be used as further resources are appended. (MSE)

This study addresses the question of whether or not there is a linkage between HRD education, practice and research. By reviewing HRD graduate curriculum, AHRD member research interests, and analyzing the contents of the primary HRD empirical journal, we analyzed three years worth of data. Results indicated that there are many overlaps in the foci of HRD university curriculum to current research interests and publications. (Contains 3 tables.) [For complete proceedings, see ED491481.]

This report offers strategies to prevent unintended pregnancy in an era when the nation's welfare program has a changed mission, more money, and greater reach. The report discusses types of links between welfare offices and family planning services being developed in California, Georgia, and Washington, identifying barriers and challenges to developing links and noting possible solutions. Part 1 defines the link, providing a lexicon for the different ways that welfare agencies might interact with other agencies working on unintended pregnancy. It also summarizes links that have already been established in the three states. It concludes by discussing why states should consider linking welfare and family planning, noting challenges in making the links work and looking at key design questions to consider when formulating new or expanded programs. Part 2 offers the full story of the three states' initiatives, focusing on the history and development of the initiatives, elements of the initiatives, and local implementation. California has a large variety of links at different levels of government and among different agencies. Georgia spends welfare funds on an adolescent pregnancy prevention initiative. Washington has implemented a unified vision of co-location and improved access to voluntary pregnancy prevention services. (SM)

This report documents the findings of a human factors study conducted to estimate the effects of the Graphical Weather Service (GWS) on general aviation (GA) aircraft utility, pilot situational awareness, and the weather dissemination workload imposed on ground personnel. GWS is a data link application, being developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory through the sponsorship of the Federal Aviation Administration, that will provide near-real-time graphical weather information to the General Aviation pilot in the cockpit. Twenty instrument-rated pilots participated in the study. Subjects were presented with recorded actual weather information in the context of a series of hypothetical pre-flight briefings and accompanying 'flights.' GWS images were accessible on a Macintosh(TM) Computer. The study design enabled the analysis of the effects of GWS and the determination of whether those effects were influenced by the experience level of the pilot/user. Objective and subjective measures of effectiveness were collected. Results indicate that GWS had a substantial effect on weather-related decision-making. This was true for pilots with varying levels of instrument experience. Subject confidence in the ability to assess the weather situation was markedly increased when GWS was used. Subjects with GWS made fewer calls for weather information to weather dissemination ground personnel, thus indicating a potential decrease in ground personnel workload. Subjects found GWS to be very useful and were enthusiastic about receiving data fink services in the GA cockpit in the future.

History has chronicled the demise of many a species as it lapses into endangered status. This road to ruin is often told after the fact, when it becomes apparent that things went wrong, and there was little responsible parties could do but watch. It was too late. Often times it is a situation that need not have developed, but for a little forethought and attention given to the matter at hand. This is a similar story. A story outlining the twilight of a national resource, in fact, a world resource. It is an example of misplaced priorities complicating accomplishment of an important mission. Put in the context of today's shrinking defense budgets, and the demands over and above the programmed uses of defense resources, this misuse, neglect, and lack of realistic future vision could result in failure of US military forces in the accomplishment of its new strategy--Global Power, Global Reach.