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This is a protocol for a rapid review. The objectives are as follows: The aim of this rapid review is to determine the scope of child internet safety applications and internet use risks that have been proposed and implemented in scientific literature. This review seeks to answer the following question: What features have been proposed or implemented in child-facing (under 18 years old) and parent-facing digital applications (desktop, web, mobile, smart home device) aimed at reducing children’s exposure to health risks and cyber risks and harms when using the internet at home? Additionally, the rapid review will aim to classify applications using frameworks such as the Teen Online Safety Strategies Framework (TOSS).

Includes index

Includes index

This brief paper argues for using the Internet for English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction. Students of all ages and levels share an enthusiasm for exploring information and interacting online, and the often heard conventional wisdom that the Internet is too difficult for all but the most advanced ESL students is not true. ESL teachers need pictures, sound files, and videos to support their language teaching, and many are eager to share their lesson plans, activities, and curricula. The Internet is a fantastic resource for all these needs. Several ESL-friendly and useful Web sites are described and suggested. Great sources for "downloadable" photos, drawings, clip art, graphics, and java games are also suggested. A table entitled "Beginning ESL Internet Sites" providing a name, URL, and description for 22 sites is appended. (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education) (KFT)

This brief paper argues for using the Internet for English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction. Students of all ages and levels share an enthusiasm for exploring information and interacting online, and the often heard conventional wisdom that the Internet is too difficult for all but the most advanced ESL students is not true. ESL teachers need pictures, sound files, and videos to support their language teaching, and many are eager to share their lesson plans, activities, and curricula. The Internet is a fantastic resource for all these needs. Several ESL-friendly and useful Web sites are described and suggested. Great sources for "downloadable" photos, drawings, clip art, graphics, and java games are also suggested. A table entitled "Beginning ESL Internet Sites" providing a name, URL, and description for 22 sites is appended. (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education) (KFT)

This article is from BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making , volume 14 . Abstract Background: Despite the growing evidence of the benefits of physical activity (PA) in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the majority is not physically active enough. An innovative strategy is to engage lead users in the development of PA interventions provided over the internet. The aim was to explore lead users’ ideas and prioritization of core features in a future internet service targeting adoption and maintenance of healthy PA in people with RA. Methods: Six focus group interviews were performed with a purposively selected sample of 26 individuals with RA. Data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis and quantification of participants’ prioritization of most important content. Results: Six categories were identified as core features for a future internet service: up-to-date and evidence-based information and instructions, self-regulation tools, social interaction, personalized set-up, attractive design and content, and access to the internet service. The categories represented four themes, or core aspects, important to consider in the design of the future service: (1) content, (2) customized options, (3) user interface and (4) access and implementation. Conclusions: This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study involving people with RA in the development of an internet service to support the adoption and maintenance of PA.Participants helped identifying core features and aspects important to consider and further explore during the next phase of development. We hypothesize that involvement of lead users will make transfer from theory to service more adequate and user-friendly and therefore will be an effective mean to facilitate PA behavior change.

Includes bibliographical references and index

Includes bibliographical references and index

This book gives an introduction to Internet including the evolution and history of the Net. It familiarizes the reader with certain terms associated with the Internet, like the WWW, search engines, addressing systems, FTP, HTTP, HTML, etc. After reading this book one should be able to browse the net efficiently and also use the applications of the Net like the e-mail.

This book gives an introduction to Internet including the evolution and history of the Net. It familiarizes the reader with certain terms associated with the Internet, like the WWW, search engines, addressing systems, FTP, HTTP, HTML, etc. After reading this book one should be able to browse the net efficiently and also use the applications of the Net like the e-mail.

This book gives an introduction to Internet including the evolution and history of the Net. It familiarizes the reader with certain terms associated with the Internet, like the WWW, search engines, addressing systems, FTP, HTTP, HTML, etc. After reading this book one should be able to browse the net efficiently and also use the applications of the Net like the e-mail.

This paper reflects on a two-semester experiment using computer technologies in the university political science classroom. The instructor incorporated electronic mail (e-mail), the Internet, and an on-line conferencing program into the course requirements for an upper-division course on the Supreme Court and an introductory honors tutorial on U.S. politics. The paper describes: (1) how each of these technologies was utilized to provide ideas on how to incorporate cyberspace in the classroom; (2) lessons learned from using a VAX Notes conference during the past year; and (3) how best to take advantage of Internet resources in the political science classroom. Appendixes include an introduction to computer conferencing with VAX Notes and un-edited VAX Notes Topics. (EH)

Here is an example of how audio morse code tones sound over the internet using a voice chat program called MUMBLE. To send the morse code we are using FLdigi and CWtype. You can use your paddles to send cw as this mp3 example demonstrates via the CWtype serial port hookup for paddles. FLdigi sends cw via the keyboard. Both keyboard and paddles are used in this example. For more information, go to https://sites.google.com/site/icwoip/

This paper outlines the main results of a number of ACTS experiments on the efficacy of using standard Internet protocols over long-delay satellite channels. These experiments have been jointly conducted by NASAs Glenn Research Center and Ohio University over the last six years. The focus of our investigations has been the impact of long-delay networks with non-zero bit-error rates on the performance of the suite of Internet protocols. In particular, we have focused on the most widely used transport protocol, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), as well as several application layer protocols. This paper presents our main results, as well as references to more verbose discussions of our experiments.

This study examined the influence of professional development on elementary school teachers' perceptions of and use of an internet-based formative assessment tool focused on students' number sense skills. Data sources include teacher-participants' pre and post survey, open ended response on post survey, use of the assessment tool and their written responses completed during online professional development modules. Through an inductive analysis of teachers' written reflections and open ended survey response, participants reported that the use of the formative assessment tool supported their instruction, provided opportunities for teacher collaboration, and served as a vehicle for teachers' own professional learning. A quantitative analysis of the pre and post survey indicated a statistically significant increase in teacher practices to be more student centered. Implications for future research related to professional development focused on supporting teachers' internet-based tools are also shared.

This paper describes the design and development of an Internet-hosted Graphical User Interface (GUI) to plan digital aeronautical chart coverages for cockpit moving-map displays by U.S. military aircraft mission planners, requirements officers, and aircrew. The GUI is a component of the Moving-Map Composer (MMC) software that has been developed by the Naval Research Laboratory at the Stennis Space Center (NRLSSC). MMC performs a wide variety of naval mission planning systems and in-flight moving-map displays.

This paper highlights the possibilities that Internet technology presents for the creation of an online, dynamic learning environment for language learners. Rather than simply use the Internet to deliver course content, the paper demonstrates the learning process can benefit from the interactive, self-directed, and self-authoring potential of the technology. The first section addresses problems with the use of the preset course delivery approach for language learning, which requires a process-based orientation. The second section discusses the importance of open negotiation between student and teacher to establish learning goals and application needs. The third section presents a process-based framework of instruction for language learning and academic achievement that includes various levels of communication, self-directed and self-selected language practice, and language production through speech practice and written form. The fourth section summarizes several suggested characteristics of dynamic and autonomous language learning for distance learners, including self-direction, interaction, instructor intervention, dialogue, and authentic language production. (Contains 17 references.) (MES)

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the factors that influence students' intention to use the Internet for academic purposes in Universiti Utara Malaysia. This study applies theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as the base model. The model employed the original variables from the theory i.e. attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intention. Method: A survey involving of questionnaires was conducted among 369 public university students. Multiple regression was employed to examine the factors influencing intention to use the Internet for academic purposes. Findings: Results revealed that the variables attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control are statistically significant in influencing intention to use the Internet for learning purposes. It was also found that 38% of the variance in students' intention to use the Internet is cumulatively explained by their attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Significance: The paper provides useful scientific insight into the relationships between attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control variables towards intention to use the Internet for academic purposes. The findings can be used to promote the use of Internet among students in enhancing their learning experience.

This article details some of the many ways to use the Internet in the English-as-a-Second-Language classroom for both students and teachers. The Internet can be used for gathering information for use in class time planning, for finding teacher-related information, and for exchanging information with other teachers. Complete texts of newsletters and journals may be found on the Internet. Student uses include keypal or computer penpal exchanges for students; class project information gathering; reference resources, such as encyclopedias and dictionaries; and provision of additional English language materials for language practice. Students can subscribe to the IECC-Survey, which will help them conduct class project surveys. Both students and teachers can find news information, including more than 30 teaching resource lists, such as TESLCA-L and TESL-L as well as student-oriented lists in different levels of English. Another Internet news source is the "Daily Brief," which summarizes the world news every weekday morning, and many foreign language newspapers also have English-language versions on the World Wide Web. Simple web pages can also be designed and posted by students; a brief sample is described. (NAV)

This article details some of the many ways to use the Internet in the English-as-a-Second-Language classroom for both students and teachers. The Internet can be used for gathering information for use in class time planning, for finding teacher-related information, and for exchanging information with other teachers. Complete texts of newsletters and journals may be found on the Internet. Student uses include keypal or computer penpal exchanges for students; class project information gathering; reference resources, such as encyclopedias and dictionaries; and provision of additional English language materials for language practice. Students can subscribe to the IECC-Survey, which will help them conduct class project surveys. Both students and teachers can find news information, including more than 30 teaching resource lists, such as TESLCA-L and TESL-L as well as student-oriented lists in different levels of English. Another Internet news source is the "Daily Brief," which summarizes the world news every weekday morning, and many foreign language newspapers also have English-language versions on the World Wide Web. Simple web pages can also be designed and posted by students; a brief sample is described. (NAV)

This article details some of the many ways to use the Internet in the English-as-a-Second-Language classroom for both students and teachers. The Internet can be used for gathering information for use in class time planning, for finding teacher-related information, and for exchanging information with other teachers. Complete texts of newsletters and journals may be found on the Internet. Student uses include keypal or computer penpal exchanges for students; class project information gathering; reference resources, such as encyclopedias and dictionaries; and provision of additional English language materials for language practice. Students can subscribe to the IECC-Survey, which will help them conduct class project surveys. Both students and teachers can find news information, including more than 30 teaching resource lists, such as TESLCA-L and TESL-L as well as student-oriented lists in different levels of English. Another Internet news source is the "Daily Brief," which summarizes the world news every weekday morning, and many foreign language newspapers also have English-language versions on the World Wide Web. Simple web pages can also be designed and posted by students; a brief sample is described. (NAV)

This article details some of the many ways to use the Internet in the English-as-a-Second-Language classroom for both students and teachers. The Internet can be used for gathering information for use in class time planning, for finding teacher-related information, and for exchanging information with other teachers. Complete texts of newsletters and journals may be found on the Internet. Student uses include keypal or computer penpal exchanges for students; class project information gathering; reference resources, such as encyclopedias and dictionaries; and provision of additional English language materials for language practice. Students can subscribe to the IECC-Survey, which will help them conduct class project surveys. Both students and teachers can find news information, including more than 30 teaching resource lists, such as TESLCA-L and TESL-L as well as student-oriented lists in different levels of English. Another Internet news source is the "Daily Brief," which summarizes the world news every weekday morning, and many foreign language newspapers also have English-language versions on the World Wide Web. Simple web pages can also be designed and posted by students; a brief sample is described. (NAV)

The engaged learning model centers on information and communications technologies as tools to assist teachers in helping students take responsibility for their own learning, become knowledge explorers, and collaborate with others to find information and to seek answers to problems. This paper defines engaged learning, and outlines the following eight characteristics of engaged learning, along with their associated descriptors: Vision of Learning; Tasks; Assessment; Instructional Model; Learning Context; Grouping; Teacher Roles; and Student Roles. The focus shifts to applying the engaged learning model to integrate technology into the classroom. The SURWEB (State of Utah Resource Web) student-focused multimedia tool and its applications makes it easy for teachers and students to work with video animation, music text, still pictures, and 30 graphics for local production of hypermedia learning projects. The tool enables students and teachers to create and produce multimedia presentations for interchange with other students or for delivery in their home schools. A sampling of addresses is provided from the several thousand student/teacher media shows. Media shows are continually being added in areas such as business; career guidance; foreign language; health science; information technology; marketing; mathematics; science; social studies; theater; and visual arts. While some skeptics may criticize the computer as a form of depersonalized learning, Internet-connected computers actually do more to provide learners with creative tools and put them in contact with other learners than any other telecommunications medium. (AEF)

The engaged learning model centers on information and communications technologies as tools to assist teachers in helping students take responsibility for their own learning, become knowledge explorers, and collaborate with others to find information and to seek answers to problems. This paper defines engaged learning, and outlines the following eight characteristics of engaged learning, along with their associated descriptors: Vision of Learning; Tasks; Assessment; Instructional Model; Learning Context; Grouping; Teacher Roles; and Student Roles. The focus shifts to applying the engaged learning model to integrate technology into the classroom. The SURWEB (State of Utah Resource Web) student-focused multimedia tool and its applications makes it easy for teachers and students to work with video animation, music text, still pictures, and 30 graphics for local production of hypermedia learning projects. The tool enables students and teachers to create and produce multimedia presentations for interchange with other students or for delivery in their home schools. A sampling of addresses is provided from the several thousand student/teacher media shows. Media shows are continually being added in areas such as business; career guidance; foreign language; health science; information technology; marketing; mathematics; science; social studies; theater; and visual arts. While some skeptics may criticize the computer as a form of depersonalized learning, Internet-connected computers actually do more to provide learners with creative tools and put them in contact with other learners than any other telecommunications medium. (AEF)

The engaged learning model centers on information and communications technologies as tools to assist teachers in helping students take responsibility for their own learning, become knowledge explorers, and collaborate with others to find information and to seek answers to problems. This paper defines engaged learning, and outlines the following eight characteristics of engaged learning, along with their associated descriptors: Vision of Learning; Tasks; Assessment; Instructional Model; Learning Context; Grouping; Teacher Roles; and Student Roles. The focus shifts to applying the engaged learning model to integrate technology into the classroom. The SURWEB (State of Utah Resource Web) student-focused multimedia tool and its applications makes it easy for teachers and students to work with video animation, music text, still pictures, and 30 graphics for local production of hypermedia learning projects. The tool enables students and teachers to create and produce multimedia presentations for interchange with other students or for delivery in their home schools. A sampling of addresses is provided from the several thousand student/teacher media shows. Media shows are continually being added in areas such as business; career guidance; foreign language; health science; information technology; marketing; mathematics; science; social studies; theater; and visual arts. While some skeptics may criticize the computer as a form of depersonalized learning, Internet-connected computers actually do more to provide learners with creative tools and put them in contact with other learners than any other telecommunications medium. (AEF)

Perma.cc archive of https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=VN created on 2022-04-27 21:35:02.150497+00:00.

Includes bibliographical references (page 155) and index

The goal of the Minuteman project is to develop the concept and initial prototype of an agile, dynamic, multi-layer 'Internet in the Sky' architecture that can deliver the 'forward power' of unmanned missions. The architecture consists of a high speed, wireless Mobile Backbone Network (MBN) - with point-to-point wireless links, and local access networks feeding to backbone nodes. The design is extremely challenging because of he hostile environment, the need for QoS support and the unpredictable nature of the requirements. The focus of this paper is on scalable addressing and routing in such a multiplayer, mobile environment where UAVs can fly at speeds exceeding several hundred miles per hour. We exploit the fact that agents typically move in groups, and achieve scalability by keeping track of a 'landmark' for each group. This is done using LANMAR, a Land-Mark Ad hoc Routing scheme. The LANMAR scheme originally developed for 'flat' ad hoc networks extends naturally to a network with a physical backbone. Via simulation we show that LANMAR maintains robust, resilient, rapidly restored connectivity in the face of agent mobility.

We met artist Rafaël Rozendaal who makes websites as artworks and sells the domain names to guarantee exclusivity. Check out Rafaël's interactive art here! [URL REMOVED] Watch more about Rafaël on The Creators Project here: [URL REMOVED] Check out the Best of VICE here: [URL REMOVED] Subscribe to VICE here! [URL REMOVED] Check out our full video catalog: [URL REMOVED] Videos, daily editorial and more: [URL REMOVED] Like VICE on Facebook: [URL REMOVED] Follow VICE on Twitter: [URL REMOVED] Read our tumblr: [URL REMOVED]

According to the new national curriculum innovations are in a successful outcome for the introduction of many factors, the most important things are learning environment, which includes the suitable equipment, place, space utilization, and the selection of learning resources to support teaching and learning problem solving process, by creating the best conditions for students.We are on the crossing of an age of information. This will change of the universe no less than the industrial age. Now it is more important that it would be accessible and available to everyone. Also it's essential to teach our children construction tools of this new challenges. Teach them how to solve problems, and how to be passive consumers.In order to make suitable atmosphere for children, it's important to take into consideration that modern technologies have the great role to this process. Furthermore in this environment, the students have opportunities to think critically and independently, to find their own ways of solving problems through research and experimentation. To solve many problems we help our new modern computer educational programs. We should mention many types of simulation software, which are the imitation of the real events. It allows the user to examine the effects on the real situation without monitoring. Moreover, the observation of the process may be repeated as many times as necessary. This is particularly important in areas in which the real experiment and its multiple repetitions is difficult and sometimes it is even impossible (for example, economics, social sciences, biology). Such software gives us chance to record everything and use them to study the new phenomenon. Nowadays, computer technology plays an important role in our lives, it helps us to solve many problems easily and quickly. But taking everything into consideration it is obvious that, we need to use computers appropriately in our everyday activities. We can definitely say: "he wins who owns more information".

This article is from Bju International , volume 111 . Abstract What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?There is known to be an association between overactive bladder (OAB) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).The study investigates the association between OAB and IBS using an internet-based survey in Japan. It is the first to investigate the prevalence and severity of OAB in the general population using the OAB symptom score questionnaire. Objective: To investigate the association between overactive bladder (OAB) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by using an internet-based survey in Japan. Subjects and Methods: Questionnaires were sent via the internet to Japanese adults.The overactive bladder symptom score was used for screening OAB, and the Japanese version of the Rome III criteria for the diagnosis of IBS was used for screening this syndrome. Results: The overall prevalence of OAB and IBS was 9.3% and 21.2%, respectively.Among the subjects with OAB, 33.3% had concurrent IBS.The prevalence of OAB among men was 9.7% and among women it was 8.9%, while 18.6% of men and 23.9% of women had IBS.Concurrent IBS was noted in 32.0% of men and 34.8% of women with OAB. Conclusion: Taking into account a high rate of concurrent IBS in patients with OAB, it seems to be important for physicians to assess the defaecation habits of patients when diagnosing and treating OAB.

This article is from JMIR Research Protocols , volume 3 . Abstract Background: The Genetic and Rare Disease Information Center (GARD) is a major provider of Web-based information on genetic and rare diseases. Little is known about the type of Web-based information individuals seek about genetic and rare diseases or their reasons for seeking. Objective: The objective of this paper is to describe the types of Web-based information sought about genetic and rare diseases and the reasons for seeking it from GARD by examining inquiries from 2006 and 2011. Methods: There were 278 English-language email and Web-based inquiries posed to GARD by lay individuals (ie, patients, parents, and relatives), which were randomly selected from inquiries in 2006 (n=68) and 2011 (n=210) and examined using content analysis. Results: Most often in both years, individuals sought basic disease information (51/68, 75.0% and 132/210, 62.8%; P=.067) and information about treatment (17/51, 33.3% and 62/132, 47.0%; P=.095). Specifically, inquirers requested information about their disease prognosis (6/51, 11.8% and 23/132, 17.4%; P=.347) and made requests for specialists (8/68, 11.8% and 31/210, 14.8%; P=.536). In both 2006 and 2011, a substantial subset of inquirers requested information related to undiagnosed symptoms, representing 16.2% (11/68) and 11.9% (25/210; P=.362) of inquiries, respectively. Inquirers were significantly more likely to have seen a health care provider before contacting GARD (99/210, 47.1% vs 20/68, 29.4%; P=.010) and to ask about clinical research studies in 2011 than in 2006 (24/210, 11.4% vs 2/68, 2.9%; P=.037). In the 2011 data set, the majority of the inquirers were women (201/210, 95.7%). In our 2006 sample, men were the majority source of inquiries (54/68, 79.4%). Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate that lay people contacting a genetic and rare disease information center most often seek information about disease prognosis, finding a specialist, and obtaining a diagnosis for symptoms. Unique characteristics of individuals searching the Internet for genetic and rare diseases information, includes a growing interest in participating in clinical research studies and a desire to supplement or better understand information discussed during a visit with a health care provider. These efforts represent advancements in patient self-advocacy.

This document specifies use of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Brainpool elliptic curve groups for key exchange in the Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2).

This document specifies use of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Brainpool elliptic curve groups for key exchange in the Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2).

This document specifies use of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Brainpool elliptic curve groups for key exchange in the Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2).

This document specifies use of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Brainpool elliptic curve groups for key exchange in the Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2).

This thesis focuses on routing in wired and wireless segments of the Internet using partial link-state information. Although efficient algorithms have been proposed based on both link-state and distance-vector information, link-state routing is more efficient than distance-vector routing when constraints are placed on the paths offered to destinations, which is the case for QoS routing offering paths with required delay, bandwidth, reliability, cost, or other parameters. We present a new link-state routing protocol for wired internetworks called ALP (adaptive link-state protocol). In ALP, a router sends updates to its neighbors regarding the links in its preferred paths to destinations. Each router decides which links to report to its neighbors based on its local computation of preferred paths. A router running ALP does not ask its neighbors to delete links; instead, a router simply updates its neighbors with the most recent information about those links it decides to take out of its preferred paths. We introduce and analyze two routing algorithms for wireless networks: the source- tree adaptive routing (STAR) protocol, and the neighborhood-aware source routing (NSR) protocol. STAR is the first example of a table-driven routing protocol that is more efficient than prior table-driven and on-demand routing protocols by exploiting link-state information to allow paths taken to destinations to deviate from the optimum in order to save bandwidth without creating loops. NSR is an on-demand routing protocol based on partial topology information and source routing. STAR is shown to be more efficient than the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol in small ad hoc networks, and NSR is shown to outperform STAR and DSR in large wireless networks with mobile nodes.

This thesis focuses on routing in wired and wireless segments of the Internet using partial link-state information. Although efficient algorithms have been proposed based on both link-state and distance-vector information, link-state routing is more efficient than distance-vector routing when constraints are placed on the paths offered to destinations, which is the case for QoS routing offering paths with required delay, bandwidth, reliability, cost, or other parameters. We present a new link-state routing protocol for wired internetworks called ALP (adaptive link-state protocol). In ALP, a router sends updates to its neighbors regarding the links in its preferred paths to destinations. Each router decides which links to report to its neighbors based on its local computation of preferred paths. A router running ALP does not ask its neighbors to delete links; instead, a router simply updates its neighbors with the most recent information about those links it decides to take out of its preferred paths. We introduce and analyze two routing algorithms for wireless networks: the source- tree adaptive routing (STAR) protocol, and the neighborhood-aware source routing (NSR) protocol. STAR is the first example of a table-driven routing protocol that is more efficient than prior table-driven and on-demand routing protocols by exploiting link-state information to allow paths taken to destinations to deviate from the optimum in order to save bandwidth without creating loops. NSR is an on-demand routing protocol based on partial topology information and source routing. STAR is shown to be more efficient than the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol in small ad hoc networks, and NSR is shown to outperform STAR and DSR in large wireless networks with mobile nodes.

This thesis focuses on routing in wired and wireless segments of the Internet using partial link-state information. Although efficient algorithms have been proposed based on both link-state and distance-vector information, link-state routing is more efficient than distance-vector routing when constraints are placed on the paths offered to destinations, which is the case for QoS routing offering paths with required delay, bandwidth, reliability, cost, or other parameters. We present a new link-state routing protocol for wired internetworks called ALP (adaptive link-state protocol). In ALP, a router sends updates to its neighbors regarding the links in its preferred paths to destinations. Each router decides which links to report to its neighbors based on its local computation of preferred paths. A router running ALP does not ask its neighbors to delete links; instead, a router simply updates its neighbors with the most recent information about those links it decides to take out of its preferred paths. We introduce and analyze two routing algorithms for wireless networks: the source- tree adaptive routing (STAR) protocol, and the neighborhood-aware source routing (NSR) protocol. STAR is the first example of a table-driven routing protocol that is more efficient than prior table-driven and on-demand routing protocols by exploiting link-state information to allow paths taken to destinations to deviate from the optimum in order to save bandwidth without creating loops. NSR is an on-demand routing protocol based on partial topology information and source routing. STAR is shown to be more efficient than the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol in small ad hoc networks, and NSR is shown to outperform STAR and DSR in large wireless networks with mobile nodes.

This manual is designed to help adult educators to understand and use the Internet in teaching adult students. The manual examines what the Internet is, how one can connect to it, and how it can be used. It also describes ways to communicate on the Internet, identifies sites where information can be accessed, and explains how search tools are used. Included in the manual are 15 sample lessons that provide specific goals and objectives, identify required instructional materials and resources, and offer activities that demonstrate how the Internet assists in meeting these goals. Specific topics covered include the following: e-mail, listservs, Internet relay chat, Usenet news groups, multi-user environments, file transfer protocol, Gopher, and the World Wide Web. An appendix contains 104 online Internet resources, and a glossary defines 107 terms. (KC)

This manual is designed to help adult educators to understand and use the Internet in teaching adult students. The manual examines what the Internet is, how one can connect to it, and how it can be used. It also describes ways to communicate on the Internet, identifies sites where information can be accessed, and explains how search tools are used. Included in the manual are 15 sample lessons that provide specific goals and objectives, identify required instructional materials and resources, and offer activities that demonstrate how the Internet assists in meeting these goals. Specific topics covered include the following: e-mail, listservs, Internet relay chat, Usenet news groups, multi-user environments, file transfer protocol, Gopher, and the World Wide Web. An appendix contains 104 online Internet resources, and a glossary defines 107 terms. (KC)

Max Borders is the author of the new book \"Underthrow: How Jefferson's Dangerous Idea Will Spark a New Revolution.\" We discuss renewing the Jeffersonian principles of decentralization and limited government in America through a new model of constitutionalism. Max is putting his money where his mouth is to the tune of $25,000 for the team that writes a new Constitution of Consent.The Constitution of Consent (Contest) $25,000 - https://underthrow.substack.com/p/the-constitution-of-consent-contestUnderthrow: How Jefferson's Dangerous Idea Will Spark a New Revolution - https://amzn.to/3KsuR5eMax's Substack - https://underthrow.substack.com/https://youtu.be/RNkpmcGPBSwJoin our Patreon now for commercial-free shows, bonus content and our complete archives - https://www.patreon.com/wearelibertarians---Q Sleep Spray assists in achieving a more restful sleep so you can wake up refreshed. Q SLEEP contains incredible ingredients, including melatonin, 5-HTP, and L-theanine, as well as a proprietary herbal extract, which synergistically promotes restful sleep and helps your mind and body rejuvenate. Buy Now - https://wearelibertarians.com/sleepspray/---Chris Spangle and Leaders and Legends, LLC edited and produced this podcast. If you're interested in starting a podcast or taking yours to the next level, please contact us at LeadersAndLegends.net.----Looking to start a podcast? Download my podcast Podcasting and Platforms now, and check out my recommendations for buying the right equipment.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Max Borders is the author of the new book \"Underthrow: How Jefferson's Dangerous Idea Will Spark a New Revolution.\" We discuss renewing the Jeffersonian principles of decentralization and limited government in America through a new model of constitutionalism. Max is putting his money where his mouth is to the tune of $25,000 for the team that writes a new Constitution of Consent.The Constitution of Consent (Contest) $25,000 - https://underthrow.substack.com/p/the-constitution-of-consent-contestUnderthrow: How Jefferson's Dangerous Idea Will Spark a New Revolution - https://amzn.to/3KsuR5eMax's Substack - https://underthrow.substack.com/https://youtu.be/RNkpmcGPBSwJoin our Patreon now for commercial-free shows, bonus content and our complete archives - https://www.patreon.com/wearelibertarians---Q Sleep Spray assists in achieving a more restful sleep so you can wake up refreshed. Q SLEEP contains incredible ingredients, including melatonin, 5-HTP, and L-theanine, as well as a proprietary herbal extract, which synergistically promotes restful sleep and helps your mind and body rejuvenate. Buy Now - https://wearelibertarians.com/sleepspray/---Chris Spangle and Leaders and Legends, LLC edited and produced this podcast. If you're interested in starting a podcast or taking yours to the next level, please contact us at LeadersAndLegends.net.----Looking to start a podcast? Download my podcast Podcasting and Platforms now, and check out my recommendations for buying the right equipment.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In recent education reform policies of different countries, scientific literacy was set as the national goal for science education. Understanding how science itself and scientists really work, in other words, understanding the nature of science is necessary to reach the desired scientific literacy level. Students also need to understand the components of nature of science such as scientific inquiry to reach that literacy level. The nature of science is also a useful tool to change teachers' views of learning and teaching. Brickhouse (1989) argues that how teachers perceive teaching and learning and how they really teach are influenced with their understanding of the nature of science. Specific instructional behaviors, activities, and decisions implemented within the context of a lesson are the most important variables that influence students' understanding of the nature of science. Therefore, teachers themselves need to have adequate understanding of the nature of science. For this study a cohort of 24 pre-service elementary teachers enrolled in elementary science methods course at a large Northeastern University served as research participants. This study examined pre-service elementary teachers' understandings of the nature of science-scientific inquiry and its role in school science via document analysis. Findings of this research illustrated that pre-service teachers understanding of nature of scientific knowledge became centered on perceptions about scientific inquiry. That is, they perceived scientific inquiry as a means to add more products to existing body of scientific knowledge. In conclusion, the prospective elementary teachers in this study perceived that both scientists and learners use scientific inquiry in the development of scientific knowledge.

Language testing has a large number of commercial applications in both the institutional and the private sectors. Some jobs in the health services sector or the public services sector require foreign language skills and these skills require continuous and efficient language assessments. Based on an experience developed through the cooperation of Antwerp University and the Polytechnic University of Valencia, a language testing platform was used to produce simple and multi-language skills assessments for a publishing company. Results indicate that academic low stakes testing platforms can replace efficiently the use of larger tests or costly language testing companies that either are expensive, or just do not tailor the tests according to their customer specific needs properly. Since academic institutions work on a non-profit basis, the revenues can be used for further research or improving their current developments. This paper is especially important because it seeks to show very uncommon use of educational software and platforms in productive commercial ways. [This paper was originally published by CALL EJ (ISSN 1442-438X) Vol. 11, No. 1, on July 2009.]

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ShelbyTwpTV/ Shelby Township website: http://www.shelbytwp.org/ About Shelby TV: The Shelby Township Community Relations Department provides accurate information to the public through all means of communication. The Community Relations Department has two divisions, Communications and Broadcast Services, which oversees the Shelby TV studios and content. Shelby TV is responsible for the Township's government access channels. Each station offers residents an alternative to keep informed of the Shelby Township government's workings and programs that highlight the reasons why Shelby Township is a better place.

In this study, the uses and gratifications theory was applied to investigate the Internet users' motivations and their relationship with attitudes toward the Internet as well as types of Web site visited by users. Subjects were 185 college students who completed a self-report questionnaire. Four motivations and five types of Web sites were discovered via factor analysis. Differences among heavy, medium, and light users of the Internet were also analyzed in terms of their motivations, types of Web sites frequently visited, and attitudes toward the Internet. Study results suggest that users' motives are significant predictors of positive attitudes toward the Internet, and there exist associations between certain motivational factors and types of Web sites. (Contains 45 references and 5 tables of data.) (Author/RS)

In this study, the uses and gratifications theory was applied to investigate the Internet users' motivations and their relationship with attitudes toward the Internet as well as types of Web site visited by users. Subjects were 185 college students who completed a self-report questionnaire. Four motivations and five types of Web sites were discovered via factor analysis. Differences among heavy, medium, and light users of the Internet were also analyzed in terms of their motivations, types of Web sites frequently visited, and attitudes toward the Internet. Study results suggest that users' motives are significant predictors of positive attitudes toward the Internet, and there exist associations between certain motivational factors and types of Web sites. (Contains 45 references and 5 tables of data.) (Author/RS)

In this study, the uses and gratifications theory was applied to investigate the Internet users' motivations and their relationship with attitudes toward the Internet as well as types of Web site visited by users. Subjects were 185 college students who completed a self-report questionnaire. Four motivations and five types of Web sites were discovered via factor analysis. Differences among heavy, medium, and light users of the Internet were also analyzed in terms of their motivations, types of Web sites frequently visited, and attitudes toward the Internet. Study results suggest that users' motives are significant predictors of positive attitudes toward the Internet, and there exist associations between certain motivational factors and types of Web sites. (Contains 45 references and 5 tables of data.) (Author/RS)

In this study, the uses and gratifications theory was applied to investigate the Internet users' motivations and their relationship with attitudes toward the Internet as well as types of Web site visited by users. Subjects were 185 college students who completed a self-report questionnaire. Four motivations and five types of Web sites were discovered via factor analysis. Differences among heavy, medium, and light users of the Internet were also analyzed in terms of their motivations, types of Web sites frequently visited, and attitudes toward the Internet. Study results suggest that users' motives are significant predictors of positive attitudes toward the Internet, and there exist associations between certain motivational factors and types of Web sites. (Contains 45 references and 5 tables of data.) (Author/RS)