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The present study was intended to examine the effects of 1) fields of study (arts, business and science-oriented); and 2) language-learning experiences (whether limited or non-limited to formal classroom instructions) on the use of VLSs among Thai tertiary-level students. The participants were 905 Thai EFL students studying in the Northeast of Thailand. The VLS questionnaire was employed for data collection. Descriptive statistics, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the chi-square tests were performed for data analysis. The results revealed that fields of study and prior language-learning experiences affected the students' overall VLS use, use of VLSs by the category and the individual strategy levels. The variation patterns of students' VLS use were found in relation to the two variables.

For their 61st annual conference, the Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers (ALER) met in St. Petersburg, Florida. This year's conference theme was "Engaging All Readers through Explorations of Literacy, Language, and Culture," which was also used as the title for this year's "Yearbook." This "Yearbook" contains articles about innovative strategies for teachers and teacher leaders, research trends within teacher education programs, and innovative and seminal strategies for preservice teachers. Included are double-peer reviewed papers, the presidential address, and the keynote address: (1) Systems Without a Process: Know What To Do and Then Do It Well (David D. Paige); (2) Reclaiming Creative Literacy Practices (Thomas W. Bean); (3) Understanding Reasoning and Academic Language in Economics (Chang Yuan); (4) "There Might Be Words on the Screen, but it's Not the Same": Engaging Tweens in Literacy through Minecraft Book Groups (Carolyn Stufft); (5) Stranger than Nonfiction: Identifying and Modeling Text Structures in Fiction Picturebooks (Tracey S. Hodges and Sharon D. Matthews); (6) "Es Lo Que Hacemos"/It's What We Do: Translanguaging to Make Meaning During Read Alouds (Erin Greeter); (7) Research on Reader's Theater (Faida Stokes and Chase Young); (8) What DO they do all day?: Field Experiences in Literacy Coaching (Katherine Brodeur, Susan Massey, Lisa Ortmann, and Cynthia Bertelsen); (9) The Engaged Learning Model: The Impact of Digital Literacy and Problem-Based Learning on Fourth Graders' Vocabulary and General Reading Outcomes (James E. Gentry, Chris Sloan, and Robin Pate); (10) Teachers Implementing Coaching Mindsets: A Path to Literacy Leadership (Aimee Morewood, Susan Taylor, Julie Ankrum, Allison Swan Dagen, and Angela Curfman); (11) High Stakes Testing in Teacher Education: Responses and Implications (Maryann Mraz, Bob Rickelman, S. Michael Putman, Paola Pilonieta, and Jean Vintinner); (12) The Lasting Impact of a University Common Reading Program (Kristen Ferguson, Natalya Brown, and Linda Piper); (13) Honoring All of the Language Arts: A Constructivist Approach to Preservice Teachers' Classroom Observations (Delane Bender-Slack and Teresa Young); (14) Preservice Teachers' Sense of Efficacy for Literacy Instruction: Examination of an Undergraduate Delivery System (Corinne Valadez, Tomas Espinosa, Johnathan Hill, and Maureen Sullivan); (15) Cohort Participation: Impact on Personal Learning Networks (Caryssa K. Retrum, Elizabeth Alderton, Glady Van Harpen, and Stephanie Bernander); (16) Disrupting the University Curriculum: Engaging Preservice Teachers in a Study Abroad "Passport" Activity (Virginia R. Massaro, Joan A. Rhodes, and Sharon Zumbrunn); (17) "If You're Not Reading, You're Not Growing": Exploring the Reading Habits of Preservice Teachers in a Children's Literature Course (Bethanie Pletcher and Tomas Espinosa); (18) Shaping and Being Shaped: Exploring Preservice Teachers' Literacy Autobiographies (Stacey J. Korson and Connie Beckner Hodge); (19) Supporting Literacy Teaching Through Rehearsal (Nicholas Husbye); (20) Phonics and Phonemic Awareness in a Teacher Preparation Program: An Analysis of the Achievement and Perceptions of Pre-Service Teachers (Stacey Bose); (21) The Power of Family Involvement: Preparing Preservice Teachers to Understand More about the Out of School Literacy Lives and Cultures of Children (Kathryn V. Dixon, Martha M. Foote, and Juan J. Araujo with Rhonda Clark, Carol Revelle, and Tami Morton); (22) Supporting the Literacy Development of At-Risk First Time College Students through the Exploration of Language and Culture (Connie Briggs, Patricia A. Watson, and Ivan Dole); and (23) Exploring the Reading Strategy Use of EFL College Students: Tri-lingual Chinese Students Attending a University in Korea (Kay Hong-Nam and Susan Szabo). [For the Thirty-Ninth Yearbook, see ED594524.]

Issues concerning language learning strategies instruction are discussed, and its use in second language education in Japan is encouraged. It is argued that language learning strategies, largely ignored in Japanese education, are useful but can only be realized by complementing the second language curriculum. The learning strategies concept is explained, a system is presented, and research on language learning strategies instruction is reviewed. Policy and practice in Japanese high school language instruction is then outlined, and the potential place of language learning strategies alongside the existing curriculum is explored. Conceptual simplification of the system presented above is argued for, and a revised system using spiralling of strategies and a "menu approach," in which learner objectives and specific learner needs can drive selection of strategies, is described. It is concluded that language learning strategies instruction must complement the curriculum and be made accessible for curriculum-oriented teachers and independent learners. (MSE)

The present study aims to find out the role of personality traits in the prediction choice and use of the Compensatory English Language Learning Strategies (CELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language. Four instruments were used, which were Adapted Inventory for Compensatory English Language Learning Strategies based on Compensation category of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxfords (1990), A Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran, volunteered to participate in this study. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that however, there is a significant relationship between each of three traits of personality and the choice and use of the cells, but personality traits cannot be a strong predictor to predict the choice and use of the CELLSs.

The present study aims to find out the role of personality traits in the prediction choice and use of the Compensatory English Language Learning Strategies (CELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language. Four instruments were used, which were Adapted Inventory for Compensatory English Language Learning Strategies based on Compensation category of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxfords (1990), A Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran, volunteered to participate in this study. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that however, there is a significant relationship between each of three traits of personality and the choice and use of the cells, but personality traits cannot be a strong predictor to predict the choice and use of the CELLSs. (Contains 7 tables.)

This study investigated the relationship between language learning strategies and achievement among Yemeni EFL university students. It also identified the differences between high and low achievers in using language learning strategies. Seventy students were randomly selected from the fourth level on the basis of their university scores as high and low achievers. The study adopted the SILL questionnaire developed by Oxford (1990) to collect the data of the study. The obtained data were statistically analyzed through SPSS software. The results of the study showed that the most frequently used strategies of high achievers were meta-cognitive, compensation and cognitive strategies while the least frequently used strategies were affective, memory and social Strategies. On the other hand, the most frequently used strategies of low achievers were meta-cognitive strategies, the strategies entitled "Others" and affective strategies whereas the least frequently used strategies were cognitive, social and memory strategies. The findings also revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between high and low achievers in the overall use of LLSs in favor of high achievers, there were significant differences between high and low achievers in using meta-cognitive, compensation and cognitive strategies in favor of high achievers and there was a positive relationship between the overall use of language learning strategies and students' academic achievement. It was also found that the meta-cognitive and compensation strategies positively correlate with the students' academic achievement. The findings have significant implications for research on LLSs, classroom instruction, materials design, and teacher preparation.

Research comparing the reading strategy use of native and second language (L2) readers has often relied on self-report measures and has, at times, been conducted without measures of reading proficiency. In the present study, we used regression and Bayes' factors to explore how L2 reader status and reading proficiency relate to self-report reading strategy use and the use of situated text processing strategies (i.e., paraphrasing, bridging, elaboration). Data were collected from a South-Central community college district as part of an ongoing study. L2 status did not predict self-reported strategy use, bridging, or elaboration, but was associated with increased paraphrasing (in the regression analysis only). Reading proficiency was negatively associated with self-reported use of support strategies, but positively predicted the use of all situated processing strategies. Results have important implications for L2 learning and instruction and provide insights into aspects of assessment for L2 readers. [This paper will be published in "Discourse Processes." The title of the published article will be "Exploring Reading Strategy Use in Native and ESL Readers."]

Adult Arab learners of Finnish as second language (FSL) often encounter communication difficulty when dealing with official documents. They also cannot help their children in their school homework. FSL proficiency is an essential requirement to get an employment and to obtain the Finnish citizenship. The aim of this paper is to explore the use of the language learning strategies by a number of adult Arabs learning FSL in Finland. In addition to issues and difficulties related to the learning process encountered by this category of learners. Oxford's Strategy Inventory for language learning was used for the purpose of data collection and SPSS programme was employed to analyse data collected from the questionnaire, however, interview data were analysed manually. 30 (20 male and 10 female) adult Arab FSL learners taking beginning level course in Finnish at Helsinki School for Adult Learners participated in the current study. The results showed that adult Arab learners of Finnish used the language learning strategies at medium level with the average of (m = 3.25). The results also showed a number of challenges that impede their second language learning process like the low literacy level of the learners, lack of communication with the Finnish society, and difficulties in reading and writing in Finnish.