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This paper reports on the first stage of a meta-study conducted by the authors on primary research published during the last thirty years that focused on discovering the experiences of students learning qualitative research. The authors carried out a meta-analysis of the findings of students' experiences learning qualitative research included in twenty-five published articles. Using constructivist grounded theory to analyze the experience of those seeking to learn qualitative research, including factors that appear to support or interfere with their learning experiences, the authors identified three key dimensions of qualitative research students' learning experiences--affective, cognitive, and experiential. Based on this analysis, the authors developed a grounded theory of qualitative research education. This theory suggests that students' learning experiences will be enhanced through the implementation of an inductive approach to qualitative research education that incorporates experiential learning early in the learning experience. This paper reports these findings, presents this grounded theory of inductive qualitative research education, and discusses the implications of the findings of this meta-analysis for those teaching and researching qualitative research. (Contains 2 figures.)

This article is from BMC Proceedings , volume 5 . Abstract Family-based study designs are again becoming popular as new next-generation sequencing technologies make whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects economically and temporally feasible. Here we evaluate the statistical properties of linkage analyses and family-based tests of association for the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 mini-exome sequence data. Based on our results, the linkage methods using relative pairs or nuclear families had low power, with the best results coming from variance components linkage analysis in nuclear families and Elston-Stewart model-based linkage analysis in extended pedigrees. For family-based tests of association, both ASSOC and ROMP performed well for genes with large effects, but ROMP had the advantage of not requiring parental genotypes in the analysis. For the linkage analyses we conclude that genome-wide significance levels appear to control type I error well but that “suggestive” significance levels do not. Methods that make use of the extended pedigrees are well powered to detect major loci segregating in the families even when there is substantial genetic heterogeneity and the trait is mainly polygenic. However, large numbers of such pedigrees will be necessary to detect all major loci. The family-based tests of association found the same major loci as the linkage analyses and detected low-frequency loci with moderate effect sizes, but control of type I error was not as stringent.

This article is from PLoS Computational Biology , volume 10 . Abstract Discovery in developmental biology is often driven by intuition that relies on the integration of multiple types of data such as fluorescent images, phenotypes, and the outcomes of biochemical assays. Mathematical modeling helps elucidate the biological mechanisms at play as the networks become increasingly large and complex. However, the available data is frequently under-utilized due to incompatibility with quantitative model tuning techniques. This is the case for stem cell regulation mechanisms explored in the Drosophila germarium through fluorescent immunohistochemistry. To enable better integration of biological data with modeling in this and similar situations, we have developed a general parameter estimation process to quantitatively optimize models with qualitative data. The process employs a modified version of the Optimal Scaling method from social and behavioral sciences, and multi-objective optimization to evaluate the trade-off between fitting different datasets (e.g. wild type vs. mutant). Using only published imaging data in the germarium, we first evaluated support for a published intracellular regulatory network by considering alternative connections of the same regulatory players. Simply screening networks against wild type data identified hundreds of feasible alternatives. Of these, five parsimonious variants were found and compared by multi-objective analysis including mutant data and dynamic constraints. With these data, the current model is supported over the alternatives, but support for a biochemically observed feedback element is weak (i.e. these data do not measure the feedback effect well). When also comparing new hypothetical models, the available data do not discriminate. To begin addressing the limitations in data, we performed a model-based experiment design and provide recommendations for experiments to refine model parameters and discriminate increasingly complex hypotheses.

This article is from PLoS Computational Biology , volume 10 . Abstract Discovery in developmental biology is often driven by intuition that relies on the integration of multiple types of data such as fluorescent images, phenotypes, and the outcomes of biochemical assays. Mathematical modeling helps elucidate the biological mechanisms at play as the networks become increasingly large and complex. However, the available data is frequently under-utilized due to incompatibility with quantitative model tuning techniques. This is the case for stem cell regulation mechanisms explored in the Drosophila germarium through fluorescent immunohistochemistry. To enable better integration of biological data with modeling in this and similar situations, we have developed a general parameter estimation process to quantitatively optimize models with qualitative data. The process employs a modified version of the Optimal Scaling method from social and behavioral sciences, and multi-objective optimization to evaluate the trade-off between fitting different datasets (e.g. wild type vs. mutant). Using only published imaging data in the germarium, we first evaluated support for a published intracellular regulatory network by considering alternative connections of the same regulatory players. Simply screening networks against wild type data identified hundreds of feasible alternatives. Of these, five parsimonious variants were found and compared by multi-objective analysis including mutant data and dynamic constraints. With these data, the current model is supported over the alternatives, but support for a biochemically observed feedback element is weak (i.e. these data do not measure the feedback effect well). When also comparing new hypothetical models, the available data do not discriminate. To begin addressing the limitations in data, we performed a model-based experiment design and provide recommendations for experiments to refine model parameters and discriminate increasingly complex hypotheses.

Machine learning techniques are commonly used in quantitative data analysis, where algorithms are used to make predictions, classifications, and uncover patterns within numerical or structured data. However, machine learning can also be applied to qualitative data analysis, although the methods and goals may differ from those used with quantitative data. Machine learning can expedite the process of analysing large volumes of qualitative data and identify patterns that may not be immediately evident through manual analysis. However, there is currently limited knowledge on the specific software, actual process, the potentials, issues and considerations in using machine learning in data analysis of nursing and midwifery qualitative research.

This research is a document analysis that investigates the studies on history of mathematics in pre-service, after service and graduate education. 39 studies were examined during the research. These studies analyzed according to the findings gained from the language used, study sample, type of study, research method, research design, title of research and results of studies and the data gathered is presented via tables. When collected data were examined generally, it was seen that most of the studies were conducted with teacher candidate samples and qualitative studies made in article format and written in English. When results of the study are examined, there can be seen an important lack of studies made for teachers and graduate students after the service and graduate education. Results show that there must be done more studies about history of mathematics after the service and graduate education, and there is a need to develop teaching materials and example giving practices for guidance.

This paper presents perspectives on the use of data analysis software in the process of qualitative research. These perspectives were gained in the conduct of three qualitative research studies that differed in theoretical frames, areas of interests, and scope. Their common use of a particular data analysis software package allows the exploration of issues related to use of the software, QSR NUDIST (NUDIST). NUDIST combines the accessibility to text of a word processing program with the data handling capacity of a database program, and some reporting features of a spreadsheet. The first study examined the beliefs of nine teacher education students. The second study examined the effects on middle school students (n=14) of Internet use when the technology was provided in the home. The third study explored how 16 first-year undergraduates describe and think about their multiple social identities. The software influenced both the methodologies and analysis schemes used by the researchers. In these studies, the ability to give a concrete structure to large data sets, code at multiple levels, and pursue iterative analysis methods had many repercussions for the research effort. Appendixes contain the coding structure for two of the studies. (Contains 1 table, 14 figures, and 16 references.) (SLD)

This study examined the way qualitative data analysis software and virtual teaching methods can support the learning of qualitative research. Study methodology was based on phenomenology, and data were gathered in a pilot course on qualitative research methodology in which 22 adult part time graduate students participated. The course was built around a small-scale qualitative research project with qualitative analysis software. The most important result from the introduction of the qualitative data analysis software into the course was the emphasis it caused students to place on conceptual and theoretical thinking. What was really necessary was the goal-oriented use of only a few of the technical functions of the qualitative data analysis software. (Contains 2 figures and 10 references.) (SLD)

This research aims to improve performance of air quality monitoring and understand the latest relevant technological developments. Employing the Kitchenham systematic literature review (SLR) method, the study examines 436 journal articles and conference proceedings published from 2019 to 2023, sourced from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. The analysis was carried out using Leximancer 5.0 and identified research five themes; i) air quality, ii) artificial intelligence (AI), iii) pollution, iv) middleware, and v) smart environment. The results showed that only 48 journals had strict inclusion and exclusion criteria include relevance to the research theme, methodological quality, and contribution to the research field. In addition, this research integrates AI and middleware, which has significantly contributed to improving air quality. These findings can become the basis for the development of air quality monitoring technology that is more sophisticated and responsive to environmental needs. This research contributes to further understanding air quality monitoring technology trends and designing solutions to improve overall air quality.

This research aims to improve performance of air quality monitoring and understand the latest relevant technological developments. Employing the Kitchenham systematic literature review (SLR) method, the study examines 436 journal articles and conference proceedings published from 2019 to 2023, sourced from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. The analysis was carried out using Leximancer 5.0 and identified research five themes; i) air quality, ii) artificial intelligence (AI), iii) pollution, iv) middleware, and v) smart environment. The results showed that only 48 journals had strict inclusion and exclusion criteria include relevance to the research theme, methodological quality, and contribution to the research field. In addition, this research integrates AI and middleware, which has significantly contributed to improving air quality. These findings can become the basis for the development of air quality monitoring technology that is more sophisticated and responsive to environmental needs. This research contributes to further understanding air quality monitoring technology trends and designing solutions to improve overall air quality.

The reanalysis of data to answer the original research question with better statistical techniques or to answer new questions with old data is not uncommon in quantitative studies. Meta analysis and research syntheses have increased with the increase in research using similar statistical analyses, refinements of analytical techniques, and the advent of computerized literature searches. No analogous definition of secondary data analysis from a qualitative point of view has been proposed, but the primary component would include analysis by a researcher removed from the process to continue the original analysis to address different questions or to use different methods to address the original research question. Discussion is just beginning about the possibilities of secondary analysis of qualitative data. A typology of secondary analysis of qualitative data is proposed that includes secondary analysis, meta-analysis, and collaboration for qualitative inquiry. A classification of models for research synthesis for qualitative study can be conceived of as a series of cells that embody the time of the analysis, reanalysis, and the data set or sets. Because qualitative analysis is very time intensive, considerable savings might be realized with reanalysis of existing data sets. Issues involved in the accessibility of research, its validation, and the education of researchers are discussed, as are concerns about the limitations of reanalysis of qualitative studies. (Contains 2 tables, 4 figures, 4 charts, and 62 references.) (SLD)

Includes bibliographical references (p. [211]-218) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. [211]-218) and index

This project investigates the implementation of the digital decision support tool arribaPPI, developed to assist general practitioners (GPs) in discontinuing long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Although a multicentre cluster-randomised trial demonstrated a 22.3% reduction in PPI prescriptions using the tool, it has not been widely adopted in routine care. The study uses a mixed methods design, combining qualitative interviews with 26 GPs—analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and Normalisation Process Theory (NPT)—with quantitative analysis of routine prescribing data. GPs will be categorized into implementation patterns based on the qualitative data, and these patterns will be compared with changes in their cumulative PPI prescribing (defined daily doses, DDD). The aim is to explore experiences with the tool, identify factors influencing implementation, and assess how implementation relates to actual prescribing behaviour. The findings will inform future strategies for integrating digital decision aids in primary care

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This research examines the postgraduate theses on the concept of information literacy from various perspectives. In this study, which was conducted within the framework of a qualitative research approach, document analysis was used for data collection. Within the scope of the study, "information literacy" was written as a keyword in the database of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) National Thesis Center and scanned electronically and (f=33) postgraduate theses published in Turkey with "information literacy" in their titles were reached. In the study, theses were analyzed by content analysis in terms of type, year, language, university, affiliated institute, department, research method/approach, study group/participants, and thesis advisor titles. Because of the research, it has been determined that there are more master's theses than doctoral theses and that master's theses are mostly done in state universities. It has been determined that the number of postgraduate theses in 2019 is higher than in other years, the most common title for faculty members who are thesis managers is "professor doctor," according to gender, women have prepared (f=21) theses, and men have prepared (f=12) theses. It has been determined that most of the "survey method" studies are conducted in postgraduate studies, most studies are conducted with "students" and most studies are conducted in "Hacettepe University." Additionally, it has been determined that since 2018, the number of postgraduate theses using the concept of "information literacy" has increased, most of the research is done in the "institutes of educational sciences" of universities, and most of the postgraduate theses are prepared in the "Information and Document Management Department." It has been determined that the language of the theses is Turkish except for 1 (one) study. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the "survey method/quantitative studies" method was used the most. [For the full proceedings, see ED630948.]

This research examines the postgraduate theses on the concept of information literacy from various perspectives. In this study, which was conducted within the framework of a qualitative research approach, document analysis was used for data collection. Within the scope of the study, "information literacy" was written as a keyword in the database of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) National Thesis Center and scanned electronically and (f=33) postgraduate theses published in Turkey with "information literacy" in their titles were reached. In the study, theses were analyzed by content analysis in terms of type, year, language, university, affiliated institute, department, research method/approach, study group/participants, and thesis advisor titles. Because of the research, it has been determined that there are more master's theses than doctoral theses and that master's theses are mostly done in state universities. It has been determined that the number of postgraduate theses in 2019 is higher than in other years, the most common title for faculty members who are thesis managers is "professor doctor," according to gender, women have prepared (f=21) theses, and men have prepared (f=12) theses. It has been determined that most of the "survey method" studies are conducted in postgraduate studies, most studies are conducted with "students" and most studies are conducted in "Hacettepe University." Additionally, it has been determined that since 2018, the number of postgraduate theses using the concept of "information literacy" has increased, most of the research is done in the "institutes of educational sciences" of universities, and most of the postgraduate theses are prepared in the "Information and Document Management Department." It has been determined that the language of the theses is Turkish except for 1 (one) study. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the "survey method/quantitative studies" method was used the most. [For the full proceedings, see ED630948.]

This research examines the postgraduate theses on the concept of information literacy from various perspectives. In this study, which was conducted within the framework of a qualitative research approach, document analysis was used for data collection. Within the scope of the study, "information literacy" was written as a keyword in the database of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) National Thesis Center and scanned electronically and (f=33) postgraduate theses published in Turkey with "information literacy" in their titles were reached. In the study, theses were analyzed by content analysis in terms of type, year, language, university, affiliated institute, department, research method/approach, study group/participants, and thesis advisor titles. Because of the research, it has been determined that there are more master's theses than doctoral theses and that master's theses are mostly done in state universities. It has been determined that the number of postgraduate theses in 2019 is higher than in other years, the most common title for faculty members who are thesis managers is "professor doctor," according to gender, women have prepared (f=21) theses, and men have prepared (f=12) theses. It has been determined that most of the "survey method" studies are conducted in postgraduate studies, most studies are conducted with "students" and most studies are conducted in "Hacettepe University." Additionally, it has been determined that since 2018, the number of postgraduate theses using the concept of "information literacy" has increased, most of the research is done in the "institutes of educational sciences" of universities, and most of the postgraduate theses are prepared in the "Information and Document Management Department." It has been determined that the language of the theses is Turkish except for 1 (one) study. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the "survey method/quantitative studies" method was used the most. [For the full proceedings, see ED630948.]

In this study, we aim to understand the core motives recent migrants have in their everyday lives. We use data from three extensive longitudinal dataset, that followed the migration experiences of recent migrant students. Within these three studies we asked participants to name the most important motives they had within the past time period (using free-text data responses). Using these responses, we explore and describe the main motives migrants reported during their interactions with host majority, or other minority members, as well as a daytime period in general. We compare and contrast these self-reported motives with psychological needs commonly assessed within the motivational literature.

Survey and interview data were collected from a sample of 143 NCO's who had recently been notified that they would be transferred to a new assignment. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concerning six research questions: what factors relevant to transfer situations are predictive of career intentions, intent to reenlist, overall USAF satisfaction and attitude toward future moves; what factors affect the 'adjustment time-profitable time' ratio in job transfer situations; are individuals given sufficient notice of transfers to allow adequate preparation; what factors were cited as affecting attitude toward transfers and subsequent transfer adjustment; what job-related factors affect attitude towards transfers; and how do pre-transfer expectations affect transfer attitudes and what are the sources of those expectations. Correlation, regression and various qualitative data analysis techniques were used to answer these questions. Implications for transfer policies and future research needs are discussed.

This study examined the role, importance and function of "saz semais" and "pesrevs" in cello teaching. It also examined the title and order of the pieces used in teaching, challenges experienced in the teaching of these pieces and suggestions for solutions. This study utilized phenomenological methodology. As a purposeful sampling method, maximum variation sampling method was employed in the selection of the study group (n=10). Data were collected through interviews. The data in this study was analyzed by using the content analysis method. NVivo12, the qualitative data analysis software, was used for the analysis. In frame of this study, all the interviewees addressed the importance of "saz semais" and "pesrevs," stating that they are essential in cello teaching. Some participants think that "saz semais" and "pesrevs" have benefits solely in teaching the maqams, while others argue their benefits in terms of control over the instrument and ear training, or in terms of enriching the repertoire, interpretation and teaching of nuances. Most of the participants reported that students had more difficulties in performing "saz semais" in comparison with "pesrevs," while some other participants stated that the level of difficulty varied depending on the piece. It has been revealed that students have the most difficulties in providing the correct intonation, correct use of the positions and correct bow technique while performing "saz semais" and "pesrevs."

As diverse members of a college of education evaluation committee one of our charges is to support faculty as we document and improve our teaching. Our committee asked faculty to respond to three qualitative questions, documenting ways in which interdepartmental and cross-department conversations are used to promote reflective thinking about our practice. Three of us investigated the use of CAQDAS to provide an additional level of analysis and how we learned more about ourselves as scholars through this collaboration. Our findings include recommendations regarding the use of CAQDAS to support collaborative efforts by diverse scholars. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Northern Arizona University's Arizona Career Ladder Research & Evaluation Project for teachers implements a procedure for rewarding teachers based on performance levels rather than on years of teaching experience and college credits. Research data is collected each spring, analyzed and fed back to the districts for improvement of key program components. This document reports on the results of a qualitative analysis of an open-ended questionnaire administered to career ladder program participants. Respondents expressed their feelings in their own words on four questions: (1) Describe the major strength(s) of your district career ladder program; (2) Describe the area(s) of your career ladder program which need improvement; (3) Describe the area(s) of your district's organizational climate which show the greatest strength and those that need improvement; and (4) Describe the area(s) of your school's organizational climate which show the greatest strength and those that need improvement. Data from the results are presented in the form of pie graphs, bar graphs, and listings of categories of perceived program strengths and weaknesses. Each category is briefly defined by statements derived from participant responses, and shown in priority order by proportional representation. (JD)

This study focused on things learned from teaching doctoral students (17 doctoral and 2 masters students) about qualitative analytic strategies. Researchers used a grounded theory approach while simultaneously drawing from literature related to adult learning theories, doctoral student training, and curricula development, all of which informed course design and data analysis. The central questions of theoretical and practical importance focused on course structure, pedagogical strategies, how doctoral students experience these aspects in learning qualitative research methods, and how instructors learning to identify and meet students' emerging needs. Findings include contextualized examples of how the course supported students, how students received feedback in developmentally different ways, and the role of student resistance and emotion as they were scaffolded through the course. The study contributes new ideas to the literature with regard to the challenges faced and innovative options developed to enhance doctoral students' development and their learning of qualitative research knowledge and skills. (Contains 2 tables and 83 references.) (SLD)

Purpose:  Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) is one of the important concepts that has been used as an effective factor in the success of organisations in recent years. Despite the proven effect of OCB on the effectiveness and efficiency of the organisation, the appropriate method to determine the extent of its effect is less known. OCB is a qualitative indicator as an output in performance evaluation. In this article, we measure the effect of the OCB quality index on the efficiency of institutions using the envelopment analysis method of ordinal data without compensatory properties. Methodology:  Data coverage analysis is a powerful tool for assessing the performance of decision-making institutions based on a large number of input and output indicators, which can be quantitative or qualitative. Data coverage analysis models have compensatory properties, i.e. the weakness of one index is covered by the strength of another, and efficient institutions do not necessarily have a favourable quality level. This article presents a new method for performance evaluation that includes the quality index of OCB and a modification of the data envelopment analysis model without compensability. Another feature of the proposed model is the ability to separate qualitative and quantitative indicators in the evaluation. In the presented method for ranking institutions, the improvement of quality is considered simultaneously with the reduction of costs without compensability. Findings:  In this study, ten public and applied scientific institutions in three cities of the country were evaluated with the proposed model. Four quantitative indicators and one qualitative index of OCB were used in the evaluation. Originality/Value:  The OCB index was measured using 1024 questionnaires and the results show the efficiency of 7 institutions. Then, by using the proposed new method, the ranking of institutions with logical results in performance evaluation was achieved. To validate the method, the results of the proposed method were compared with the ranking results of the hierarchical process method.

This study is a descriptive-qualitative study with an embedded-case study research design. The purpose of the study is to describe the quality of the translation on the accuracy in content, acceptability, and readability of translated text of English Idioms Errors Made by Jordanian EFL, Undergraduate Students abstract. The data of the research is an abstract entitled English Idioms Errors Made by Jordanian EFL, Undergraduate Students and its translation in Indonesian. Two methods of data collection were employed: content analysis used to obtain data from both source and target texts, and questionnaire was used to gather data about the accuracy in content, acceptability, and readability. The accuracy in content, acceptability and readability of the translated text were rated by three raters. The results of data analysis show that: (1) The average score for accuracy in content is 1.97. (2) The average score for acceptability is 1.93. (3) The average score for readability is 2.07. The target readers' response on the translated text is positive. It can be said that English Idioms Errors Made by Jordanian EFL, Undergraduate Students abstract is quite easy for the target readers to understand. As the average score for those three aspects is 1.97, it can be concluded that the translation of the abstract English Idioms Errors Made by Jordanian EFL, Undergraduate Students by Google Translate was rated close to good quality.

This study is a descriptive-qualitative study with an embedded-case study research design. The purpose of the study is to describe the quality of the translation on the accuracy in content, acceptability, and readability of translated text of English Idioms Errors Made by Jordanian EFL, Undergraduate Students abstract. The data of the research is an abstract entitled English Idioms Errors Made by Jordanian EFL, Undergraduate Students and its translation in Indonesian. Two methods of data collection were employed: content analysis used to obtain data from both source and target texts, and questionnaire was used to gather data about the accuracy in content, acceptability, and readability. The accuracy in content, acceptability and readability of the translated text were rated by three raters. The results of data analysis show that: (1) The average score for accuracy in content is 1.97. (2) The average score for acceptability is 1.93. (3) The average score for readability is 2.07. The target readers' response on the translated text is positive. It can be said that English Idioms Errors Made by Jordanian EFL, Undergraduate Students abstract is quite easy for the target readers to understand. As the average score for those three aspects is 1.97, it can be concluded that the translation of the abstract English Idioms Errors Made by Jordanian EFL, Undergraduate Students by Google Translate was rated close to good quality.

The immediate area of interest in this study is the primary building block of all foreign languages: vocabulary acquisition. Due to recent updates and innovations in educational software, foreign language educators now have a huge supply of ever improving tools to help enhance, transform and completely modify learning. Despite this surge in interest of recent times, there is very little physical evidence that indicates an overall sign of approval from learners. This empirical study used the now well-known digital flashcard tool Quizlet to help a large group of lower intermediate students to improve their vocabulary and ultimately raise their English comprehension levels at a medium sized private university in Japan. They were encouraged to use the said tool throughout the duration of the year-long course and were asked for their feedback about it in the final class. This study helps to reinvigorate the notion that technology can and does help the modern day language learner and can be approved in a positive manner by the majority stakeholder; the student. [For the complete volume of short papers, see ED572005.]

Studying Complex Interactions and Outcomes Through Qualitative Comparative Analysis: A Practical Guide to Comparative Case Studies and Ethnographic Data Analysis offers practical, methodological, and theoretically robust guidelines to systematically study the causalities, dynamics, and outcomes of complex social interactions in multiple source data sets. It demonstrates how to convert data from multisited ethnography of investment politics, mobilizations, and citizen struggles into a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). In this book, Markus Kröger focuses on how data collected primarily via multisited political ethnography, supplemented by other materials and verified by multiple forms of triangulation, can be systematically analyzed through QCA. The results of this QCA offer insight on how to study the political and economic outcomes in natural resource conflicts, across different contexts and political systems. This book applies the method in practice using examples from the author’s own research. With a focus on social movement studies, it shows how QCA can be used to analyze a multiple data source database, that includes results from multiple case studies. This book is a practical guide for researchers and students in social movement studies and other disciplines that produce ethnographic data from multiple sources on how to analyze complex databases through the QCA.

In the third of a series of "how-to" essays on conducting qualitative data analysis, Ron Chenail examines the dynamic tensions within the process of qualitative data analysis that qualitative researchers must manage in order to produce credible and creative results. These tensions include (a) the qualities of the data and the qualitative data analysis of these qualities, (b) errors of deficiency and exuberance, (c) tacit and public knowledge, (d) separation and connection, and (e) verticality and horizontality. (Contains 1 figure.)

In the third of a series of "how-to" essays on conducting qualitative data analysis, Ron Chenail examines the dynamic tensions within the process of qualitative data analysis that qualitative researchers must manage in order to produce credible and creative results. These tensions include (a) the qualities of the data and the qualitative data analysis of these qualities, (b) errors of deficiency and exuberance, (c) tacit and public knowledge, (d) separation and connection, and (e) verticality and horizontality. (Contains 1 figure.)

In the first of a series of "how-to" essays on conducting qualitative data analysis, Ron Chenail points out the challenges of determining units to analyze qualitatively when dealing with text. He acknowledges that although we may read a document word-by-word or line-by-line, we need to adjust our focus when processing the text for purposes of conducting qualitative data analysis so we concentrate on meaningful, undivided entities or wholes as our units of analysis. (Contains 1 figure.)

This report discusses the results of a longitudinal study of 143 U.S. Air Force Non-Commissioned Officers (NCO's) in which eight predictors relevant to transfer situations were used to develop a predictive model of Permanent Change of Station (PCS) attitudes and adjustment. Data were collected on eight major independent variable categories: (1) similarity of the new and present locations, (2) transfer history, (3) success in adjusting to past transfers, (4) expectations about the transfer prior to actual move, (5) family situation/attitudes, (6) new assignment 'surprise', (7) amount of social support in the new assignment and (8) other relevant variables. Correlational analyses showed moderate to strong relationships between several of the predictors and PCS attitudes and adjustment. Regressional analyses developed from these data were highly predictive of post PCS attitudes and adjustment. Qualitative data collected after the PCS occurred is analyzed and a comparison is made between data collected pre- and post-PCS for those questions which were asked at both times. A more in-depth analysis of the effect of job similarity on transfer adjustment was made. It found that job similarity significantly influenced the time needed to adjust to the job in a transfer situation. The greater the similarity of old to new job, the easier the adjustment to the new job. Keywords: Transfer, Relocation, Mobility, Satisfaction adjustment, and Job learning.

This document summarizes the findings of the IDA's survey of models, simulations, and relevant tools currently being used to analyze the African continent. It identifies the most pressing gaps in data and captures the most significant challenges or obstacles to effective data collection. This phase of research supports the final objective, which is to draft a Qualitative Data Collection Strategy (QDCS) that addresses gaps where insufficient qualitative data exist for the African continent.

We will conduct a scoping review, to identify and explore the rationales for, techniques chosen and the insights obtained by mixed methods integration. We aim to identify if/how integration techniques added value to randomised controlled trials of complex interventions, through confirming, contradicting or extending the separate quantitative and qualitative findings. We will use the findings and knowledge of research gaps to inform the second phase of a PhD project. This will be an investigative study, trialling integration techniques on secondary data to further probe the potential added value of mixed methods integration.

Qualitative measures were developed within a Principal-Teacher Interaction (PTI) study by the Research and Development Center for Teacher Education, University of Texas at Austin, concerning the role of the principal and process of change as it occurs in school settings. Methodologies for data collection and analysis included quantitative measures of individual and group responses to change and qualitative dimensions concerning a sense of the context, interactions, and social meanings underlying the quantitative responses. These qualitative measures interpret and organize data to represent existing reality within a site and contribute to theory across sites. Qualitative methods can include coding of change action interventions, listing of effects, levels of use of an innovation, and configuration and concerns data. Qualitative information can be focused by using intervention mapping of planned action, antecedent mapping of how change evolved, critical incident maps and time lines, and "reality checks" by cross-site discussions involving "site expert" researchers and district representatives. These techniques provide a means for interpretation, cross verification, and validation of phenomena present in the data. (CM)

This paper analyzes the power relation between the interviewer and the interviewee in the qualitative research interview methodology. The paper sets out to grapple with the extent to which the dynamisms in power shifts influence data collection and analysis in the interview methodology. The exploration of power shifts in the qualitative research interview facilitates comprehensive understanding of the nuances of the data by providing more information about the interviewee and the interviewer. This enhances a deeper discerning into the research process, and the topics discussed. This paper also elaborates on how interviewees as well as interviewers display their countermeasures to each other in the course of the interview situation and presents a greater understanding of the power dynamics that exist between the interviewer and interviewee. Power asymmetry seems to be an exasperating circumstance in the interview methodology as pointed out by the discussions in this article. This article also discusses practical recommendations for minimizing the power dynamics during data analysis in the qualitative research interview.

This paper reports on a small-scale introductory study of Australian mothers' experiences of infant day care. Ten employed, middle- and lower-socioeconomic status women with an infant in center-based day care were interviewed. Brief narrative examples from the mothers' accounts are presented. Discussion then concentrates on a new approach to qualitative data analysis that involves three stages: (1) Interview transcripts are used to develop individual case studies; (2) Line-by-line analysis of the transcripts is used to develop coding categories in the grounded theory approach of Strauss; and (3) A detailed indexing system is developed for full coding and analysis of the data by computer. The researchers have completed the first two stages of analysis and are currently engaged in the third stage using the software package NUDIST (Non-Numerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and Theorising). The potential of the preliminary results for use in focusing further research, and the ways in which work with NUDIST is facilitating more complex analyses than have previously been possible, are considered. It is concluded that the type of qualitative research discussed will in time provide essential complements to the insights gained from quantitative approaches. Nine references are provided. (GLR)

This study examined faculty views in regard to support for teaching at Emory University. Data were obtained from 24 small focus groups of faculty who discussed their reactions to a report on teaching at the university. The data were analyzed using HyperRESEARCH software to generate detailed reports on frequencies of categories, subcategories, and Boolean combinations of these. It was found that the most frequently discussed themes included evaluation, making teaching a priority, faculty development, infrastructure, and rewards for teaching. Faculty seemed to view evaluation of teaching as either an impossible mission or an activity with a questionable potential for teaching improvement. In nearly a third of the focus groups, faculty called on the university to increase its commitment to redefine the role of teaching. In nearly half of the discussions, faculty affirmed support for the concept of central resources to improve teaching, while some faculty felt that the school's existing facilities did not support excellent teaching. In nearly half of the focus groups faculty noted that the incentives seemed insufficient to reward excellent teaching. (Contains 27 references.) (MDM)

This study examined faculty views in regard to support for teaching at Emory University. Data were obtained from 24 small focus groups of faculty who discussed their reactions to a report on teaching at the university. The data were analyzed using HyperRESEARCH software to generate detailed reports on frequencies of categories, subcategories, and Boolean combinations of these. It was found that the most frequently discussed themes included evaluation, making teaching a priority, faculty development, infrastructure, and rewards for teaching. Faculty seemed to view evaluation of teaching as either an impossible mission or an activity with a questionable potential for teaching improvement. In nearly a third of the focus groups, faculty called on the university to increase its commitment to redefine the role of teaching. In nearly half of the discussions, faculty affirmed support for the concept of central resources to improve teaching, while some faculty felt that the school's existing facilities did not support excellent teaching. In nearly half of the focus groups faculty noted that the incentives seemed insufficient to reward excellent teaching. (Contains 27 references.) (MDM)

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of California and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

A way to support the educational ethnographer in developing a perspective on the art of qualitative research during an introductory course on qualitative research methods is explored through a study of how novice researchers begin to learn the elements and processes of qualitative research. A second purpose of the study is to investigate the use of a new generation of computer software and how it supports or constrains the use of qualitative data. Students in a class on qualitative research methods at the University of California at Santa Barbara (12 in a morning session and 14 in an evening session) practiced the steps in the research cycle while carrying out a simulation of a study of the life of graduate students in education. Students were introduced, through lecture, readings, and demonstration, to common research tools, such as audiotape recording, word processing, and software for qualitative research. Study data provide evidence that the students practiced the "how" of qualitative research in a way that resulted in a beginning level of understanding the "why." Researchers predicted that students would recall the course as a concrete experience to build on when encountering concepts and understandings of qualitative research in the future. It was also apparent that computer capabilities could be used to a much greater advantage for teaching and doing qualitative research. Appendixes present the guided interview schedule, a guide for selecting software for data analysis, and a chart of views for analysis. (Contains one figure and two tables.) (SLD)

A way to support the educational ethnographer in developing a perspective on the art of qualitative research during an introductory course on qualitative research methods is explored through a study of how novice researchers begin to learn the elements and processes of qualitative research. A second purpose of the study is to investigate the use of a new generation of computer software and how it supports or constrains the use of qualitative data. Students in a class on qualitative research methods at the University of California at Santa Barbara (12 in a morning session and 14 in an evening session) practiced the steps in the research cycle while carrying out a simulation of a study of the life of graduate students in education. Students were introduced, through lecture, readings, and demonstration, to common research tools, such as audiotape recording, word processing, and software for qualitative research. Study data provide evidence that the students practiced the "how" of qualitative research in a way that resulted in a beginning level of understanding the "why." Researchers predicted that students would recall the course as a concrete experience to build on when encountering concepts and understandings of qualitative research in the future. It was also apparent that computer capabilities could be used to a much greater advantage for teaching and doing qualitative research. Appendixes present the guided interview schedule, a guide for selecting software for data analysis, and a chart of views for analysis. (Contains one figure and two tables.) (SLD)

The main purpose of this research was to study how the instructiveness of the letter, one of the writing to learn activities; changes according to the person to whom it is written (the addressee). The document analysis method was used in this qualitative study. Since documents are very important information sources used effectively in qualitative studies, their authenticity is important. The book named "Letters from Father Inönü to Erdal Inönü" published by Bilgi Publishing in 1988 and prepared for printing by Sevgi Özel with the permission of the Inönü Foundation and the letters published under the title "The letters of Erdal Inönü to his father" by Can Dündar in his column in the Milliyet on 17, June, 2007 were analysed using the qualitative analysis method. It was analysed in the study that how the instructiveness of the letters (1947-1951) whose content was only related to physics and written from father to son and from son to father changed according to the addressee. The documents analysed in this study provide the first three stages of document analysis, which has five stages namely; access to the documents, control of their authenticity, understanding the documents, analysis of the data and the use of the data. The findings of the research support the views of the students, who stated that they had written more clearly to students who were younger than they were or studying in the subclasses than they had written to their teachers in the studies conducted previously.

The main purpose of this research was to study how the instructiveness of the letter, one of the writing to learn activities; changes according to the person to whom it is written (the addressee). The document analysis method was used in this qualitative study. Since documents are very important information sources used effectively in qualitative studies, their authenticity is important. The book named "Letters from Father Inönü to Erdal Inönü" published by Bilgi Publishing in 1988 and prepared for printing by Sevgi Özel with the permission of the Inönü Foundation and the letters published under the title "The letters of Erdal Inönü to his father" by Can Dündar in his column in the Milliyet on 17, June, 2007 were analysed using the qualitative analysis method. It was analysed in the study that how the instructiveness of the letters (1947-1951) whose content was only related to physics and written from father to son and from son to father changed according to the addressee. The documents analysed in this study provide the first three stages of document analysis, which has five stages namely; access to the documents, control of their authenticity, understanding the documents, analysis of the data and the use of the data. The findings of the research support the views of the students, who stated that they had written more clearly to students who were younger than they were or studying in the subclasses than they had written to their teachers in the studies conducted previously.

Novices often struggle to learn qualitative data analysis, and benefit from intensive assistance. For teaching analysis more efficiently in the classroom setting, the workshop described in this paper explained and demonstrated an inductive, experiential method. The method introduces grounded theory analysis and helps students to identify, elaborate, and systematize their own approaches. The workshop included selected, abbreviated portions of the instructional process, and provided sample teaching materials. The method centers on a semistructured data analysis exercise that consists of two rounds of activity. Each round includes analysis of the same interview transcript, written reflection during the analytic process, and a guided class discussion. The exercise provides some explicit guidance, but the instructions are deliberately ambiguous at some points to force student choices. The first round provides preliminary experience with data analysis, and the second round builds on the initial learning experience as it elaborates and qualifies the grounded theory method of analysis. Three appendixes present a section of the course syllabus, an inductive analysis exercise, and sample discussion questions. (Contains 10 references.) (SLD)

Metaphors help understand how the meanings investigated are perceived (Cerit, 2008; Rizvanoglu, 2007). As may be seen from these statements, metaphors may be regarded as an important tool for identifying the perceptions of teachers and parents of the gifted children. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceptions of teachers and parents of the gifted children by way of metaphors. The research participants were selected on voluntary basis from among the parents and teachers of primary and middle school students in Istanbul between the 2016-2017 academic year who are identified as gifted. A total of 150 parents and 50 teachers were included in the study group. Screening model was used in the present study entitled, "Gifted Children Metaphor from the Perspective of Teachers and Parents." Data was collected by qualitative research method. The relevant information on the subject was collected using the interview technique. Teachers and parents were administered a semi-structured interview form. Both parents and teachers were asked the fill the form that includes the statement, "a gifted child is like ........... because ..........." Data was analyzed using the content analysis technique. The views expressed by the parents and teachers during the interviews were read and coded accordingly, and thereafter, themes were created according to the inter-related codes.

Most of the literature on student retention focuses on what students do "wrong" that leads to departure from college, but there is much to be learned from studying student success in higher education. This article presents a study designed to uncover the strategies that successful minority students employ to overcome barriers to academic success by using an innovative technique that assesses the informal knowledge required to achieve success in higher education. Each study began with an empty data matrix that was gradually filled as data were collected. The filled matrix then became a qualitative data set that was used to become a concept model for understanding the phenomenon under study. Three groups of 5 to 10 academically successful ethnic minority students each completed the matrix. Analysis of the data indicated that students faced barriers related to the continuity between high school and college, prejudice, and lack of resources. Successful minority students overcame barriers by creating a supportive "family" on campus or by involving their biological families in the collegiate experience, participating in ethnic activities, seeking out nurturing persons, and using institutional resources. Findings are discussed in the context of the expertise model of success and a local model of heuristic knowledge associated with this specific campus. (Contains 8 figures and 16 references.) (Author/SLD)