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The objective of this research is to assess global and local environmental views of student teachers using the new ecological paradigm (NEP) and the local ecological paradigm (LEP) scales. Ninety-two undergraduate students from Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Indonesia were requested to rate and write individual arguments to each item of the NEP and LEP scales. Students' environmental endorsements were present, but they were not strong. Further results and suggestion for future studies are provided.

Aged dogs exhibit a spectrum of cognitive abilities including a syndrome similar to Alzheimer's disease. A major impediment to research so far has been the lack of a quick and accurate test of visuospatial memory appropriate for community-based animals. We therefore report on the development and validation of the Canine Sand Maze. A 4.5-m-diameter circular pool was filled with sand and powdered food reward mix to a depth of 10 cm. Dogs were given 4 habituation and 16 learning trials which alternated a food reward being half (control trials) or fully-buried (acquisition trials) in a fixed location. After a 90-min break, a probe trial was conducted. Cognitively normal, aged (greater than 8 years, n = 11) and young (1-4 years, n = 11), breed-matched dogs were compared. After correction for differences in control trials, average probe times were 2.97 and 10.81 s for young and aged dogs, respectively. In the probe trial, both groups spent significantly more time in the target quadrant but there was a trend for young dogs to cross a 1 m[superscript 2] annulus zone around the buried reward more frequently (2.6 times) than aged dogs (1.5 times). Test-retest reliability in a subset of young dogs (n = 5) was high. On the basis of these findings, the Canine Sand Maze is presented as a quick, sensitive and nonaversive tool for assessing spatial learning and reference memory in dogs. (Contains 7 figures.)

Smartphones and tablets have become essential tools in users' daily life, as they include a whole range of digital services, enlarging the connection to the virtual world. Nonetheless, the use of these tools in the educational context, known as mobile learning, is still a recent and scarcely embraced practice. A 1-day MOOC (massive open online course) was devised to raise awareness of the potential of mobile devices in the teaching-learning process, aiming at increasing lower secondary education teachers´ adhesion to this approach. This article is intended to present the experience of creating the first out of four course modules/units. This module, entitled "Contexts", is focused on the change of paradigm in educational contexts due to the fact that mobile devices enable ubiquitous learning. The pedagogical strategies adopted in the development of the module, the technologies used to meet the needs and the purposes are described. Participants' comments on the debate activities were analysed and they reinforce the need to invest in infrastructures, to promote teachers' proactivity and to ensure preconditions for a success of the integration of mobile devices. Participants pointed out both teachers and schools as barriers to the introduction of mobile learning, highlighting teachers' lack of motivation and commitment as well as school infrastructure problems. Conclusions drawn from this experience point to an increasing interest in mobile learning and participants' awareness of both its advantages and the obstacles to implementing it. [For the complete proceedings, see ED590271.]

Although basic writing has become a strong independent field with professionally sanctioned ways of making knowledge, what Stephen North refers to as "lore" still maintains a strong foundation in the field. This lore is often grounded in the belief in a linear paradigm of learning, and is to some degree fostered by traditional conceptions of basic writers and basic writing teachers. The paradigm clashes between lore and professionally sanctioned knowledge emerge quite organically from the varying background experiences of faculty; but, rather than creating a richly diverse group of pedagogical approaches that enhance the quality of basic writing classes, these paradigm clashes are often obstacles to building strong basic writing programs.

In the midst of her life change, my guest was told by her dying friend to \"Change the Paradigm\".  She wasn't sure what \"paradigm\" meant, but discovered he was challenging her to change her mode, her pattern,  the way she was doing things.  He challenged her to do something different. And she did. And her Life changed.  Tune in and enjoy! Mari McNeil's story is intriguing...and emotional...and inspiring.   

Recent studies highlight the prevalence of feature-specific improvements that happen following cognitive training (Gathercole et al., 2019; Holmes et al., 2019; Norris et al., 2019; Rennie et al., 2020). Using tasks in both the assessment and training phases that are nested and vary systematically with respect to specific external task-features, is one approach toward better understanding the nature of this specificity and its boundary conditions (Rennie et al., 2020). The change detection paradigm is a popular measure of visual short-term memory that lends itself nicely to the above approach for both practical and theoretical reasons. As such, this study uses nested change detection task variants to investigate which skills are acquired during training and whether these are feature-specific or generalise more broadly. There will be three change detection tasks (CDTs) that are structurally almost identical but vary subtly from one another with respect to their specific task demands. These will be used as assessment tasks and have training counterpart versions. In all three, participants are presented with an array of randomly oriented, coloured, and positioned-arrows, followed by a delay period, followed by an array containing a single probe stimulus. Participants are required to judge the direction in which the probe stimulus differs from the target stimulus that occupied that same position in the initial display, according to its colour, orientation, or both. This forms our three CDT task variants and training conditions. In the assessment task variants half of the trials will include a retro-cue in the second half of the delay phase, cueing participants toward the location of the target stimuli. We also include a forward digit span task in both our assessment battery and as a control training condition. The CDT training will be adaptive with respect to the set-size of the initial array and the Digit-Span training will be adaptive with respect to span length. In both cases, once participants achieve a certain level of performance (% accuracy) at one set size/span length, it will be increased to make the task more difficult. This paradigm allows us to address our main research questions: 1. Does CDT training enhance task performance with respect to the number of items stored in memory, the precision of those stored items, or both? 2. Are CDT training gains feature specific or do they generalize? 3. Do training improvements have a greater impact on processes at the encoding stage? (All of the above are considered relative to forward-digit training control condition)

Rapidly changing organizational systems and individual demands, as outlined by Alvin Toffler in "Future Shock," call for a unique flexibility in change strategies. Although theatre, as reflected in the degree of support by the national budget, is not considered a high priority item, it can provide a valuable social function. With the increasing use of ad hoc organizations to deal with the problems of accelerating change, individuals must learn to function within changing systems in both their individual lives and in organizations. By its very nature, the theatre production is an ad hoc organization which demands new socializations, a state of continuous learning, and synergenic problem solving skills. As such, it can provide an experience capable of increasing individual flexibility. An experimental design involving the testing of students before and after involvement in directing and theatre productions on K.W. Schaie's Test of Behavioral Rigidity reveals increased personal flexibility after theatre experiences. The social utility of theatre can be demonstrated, therefore, in an objective manner. (KS)

This paper argues that the "old paradigm" in education is a collection of assumptions, beliefs, and values that underlie the workings of present-day schools. The old paradigm is based on the notion of education as a meritocratic enterprise, institutional rationality, the positivist approach to truth, commitment to efficiency, and schooling for the status quo. School restructuring has not occurred, because the dominant "business-as-usual" paradigm around which the school is organized is so strong any new program model eventually adopts the characteristic of the school organization that is in place. The bureaucratic ways in which schools are managed and organized constrain restructuring and serve a sorting function. The middle school concept and authentic assessment are examples of innovative models that disappeared from the school system because they were incorporated by the old paradigm. (LMI)

This paper argues that the "old paradigm" in education is a collection of assumptions, beliefs, and values that underlie the workings of present-day schools. The old paradigm is based on the notion of education as a meritocratic enterprise, institutional rationality, the positivist approach to truth, commitment to efficiency, and schooling for the status quo. School restructuring has not occurred, because the dominant "business-as-usual" paradigm around which the school is organized is so strong any new program model eventually adopts the characteristic of the school organization that is in place. The bureaucratic ways in which schools are managed and organized constrain restructuring and serve a sorting function. The middle school concept and authentic assessment are examples of innovative models that disappeared from the school system because they were incorporated by the old paradigm. (LMI)

All geographic combatant commands must be reorganized, similar to USAFRICOM, to incorporate interagency players into planning and operations, in order to more effectively apply the elements ofnational power to successfully achieve US. national security objectives. Discussion: Due to the increasing complexities ofmodem warfare, the United States must adapt to successfully counter emerging threats to national security. The unified command plan was designed to defeat and contain cold-war enemies, and relied extensively on military power to protect national security interests. However, since the disintegration ofthe Soviet Union, and the increasing complexity ofthe new global systems ofpower, the United States must adjust its foreign strategy to face challenging new threats. The structure ofthe geographic combatant command has not changed since its inception in the 1940s, and is still operating under an antiquated model designed for traditional warfare. The development ofUSAFRICOM is the future ofUS. foreign policy because of its enhanced organization and new active security strategy. The changes incorporated by USAFRICOM enable the geographic combatant commander to incorporate all elements ofnational power by using the Smart Power model. Due to the integration of interagency personnel and the new organizational structure, USAFRICOM is designed to address theater-specific problems. Additionally, USAFRICOM's strategy is based on the active security concept which seeks to build partner nations' abilities to address local security and development problems without assistance from the United States.

The German sociologist and communication theorist Jurgen Habermas' theory of communication as it applies to the problems of developing nations takes into account both the structural factors that hinder indigenous development as well as the individual psychology of the citizens of the less-developed countries (LDC). This paper details the application of that theory. Following the introduction which discusses various models that have attempted to both explain and predict the process of "progress" in the less-developed countries since the late l950s, the paper presents the first component of Habermas' model, critical theory, which attempts to combine the transcendental spiritualism of Kant and Hegel and the materialism of Marxism. Next the paper examines Habermas' position that psychoanalysis is the avenue by which individual persons and the society methodologically achieve "self-reflection," a prerequisite for the emancipation of individuals from unnecessary domination. The paper then discusses Habermas' theory of communicative competence which has two parts: (1) universal pragmatics, and (2) ideal speech situation. The paper closes with a discussion of the specific area of communication rights where Habermas' thought has been paralleled most closely, and a critique which suggests a major weakness of Habermas' theory of communication and governance; that is, his assumption that all people at all times are able to offer and accept only rationally argued, bias-free claims. (Twenty-four references are attached.) (NH)

The German sociologist and communication theorist Jurgen Habermas' theory of communication as it applies to the problems of developing nations takes into account both the structural factors that hinder indigenous development as well as the individual psychology of the citizens of the less-developed countries (LDC). This paper details the application of that theory. Following the introduction which discusses various models that have attempted to both explain and predict the process of "progress" in the less-developed countries since the late l950s, the paper presents the first component of Habermas' model, critical theory, which attempts to combine the transcendental spiritualism of Kant and Hegel and the materialism of Marxism. Next the paper examines Habermas' position that psychoanalysis is the avenue by which individual persons and the society methodologically achieve "self-reflection," a prerequisite for the emancipation of individuals from unnecessary domination. The paper then discusses Habermas' theory of communicative competence which has two parts: (1) universal pragmatics, and (2) ideal speech situation. The paper closes with a discussion of the specific area of communication rights where Habermas' thought has been paralleled most closely, and a critique which suggests a major weakness of Habermas' theory of communication and governance; that is, his assumption that all people at all times are able to offer and accept only rationally argued, bias-free claims. (Twenty-four references are attached.) (NH)

A techno-economic paradigm embraces a whole constellation of technically and economically interrelated innovations and influences most industries and an entire phase of economic development. Its full potential to drive and shape economic growth can only be realized after far-reaching reforms have been made in the “socio-institutional frameworks” of major economies and the world economy. In close association with ICT, biotechnology – or the trio of biotechnologies: red (biomedicine), green (plant breeding) and white (industrial) – is now capable of such a role, although the necessary reforms remain to be made. This paper shows how far and in what sense it has reached technological maturity, and what “mismatches” between it and the socio-institutional framework are obstructing its further development and diffusion. It argues that biotechnology (green and white) is needed to play a key role in the struggle against climate change – which in turn can be expected to draw out its potential.

A techno-economic paradigm embraces a whole constellation of technically and economically interrelated innovations and influences most industries and an entire phase of economic development. Its full potential to drive and shape economic growth can only be realized after far-reaching reforms have been made in the “socio-institutional frameworks” of major economies and the world economy. In close association with ICT, biotechnology – or the trio of biotechnologies: red (biomedicine), green (plant breeding) and white (industrial) – is now capable of such a role, although the necessary reforms remain to be made. This paper shows how far and in what sense it has reached technological maturity, and what “mismatches” between it and the socio-institutional framework are obstructing its further development and diffusion. It argues that biotechnology (green and white) is needed to play a key role in the struggle against climate change – which in turn can be expected to draw out its potential.

There is no question that a thorough knowledge and understanding of the gross architecture of the human body underlies sound medical practice and, therefore, comprises an early curricular goal. Thus, the exploration of palpable human anatomy in the dissection laboratory addresses the pivotal goal of establishing a comprehension of the three dimensional relationships underlying clinical applications and practice. To accomplish this objective, the 2 more obvious pedagogical issues revolve around content and process: "What anatomical facts does every competent practitioner need to know?" and "What instructional or educational method(s) will likely succeed in attaining the desired learning objectives?" The teaching of human anatomy is at the forefront of pedagogical change, and students are being academically prepared in a very modern and diverse environment. The art of computer simulations, and gaming with respect to the study of anatomy is expanding on a growth curve that is record setting. Anatomy training through dissection is being questioned. The author however does not believe that the practice of cadaveric dissection will ever become completely extinct, particularly in some specialty disciplines such as surgery. The author points to a need for more anatomical exploration through cadaveric dissection that is paramount in those areas as students progress through their specialties.

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.275264 dc.contributor.author: R.n. Thakur dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-29T20:02:42Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-29T20:02:42Z dc.identifier.barcode: 05990010896312 dc.identifier.origpath: /data58/upload/0098/029 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/275264 dc.description.scannerno: 20003265 dc.description.scanningcentre: IIIT, Allahabad dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 306 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Digital Library Of India dc.publisher: Iipa New Delhi dc.rights: In Public Domain dc.source.library: Indian Institute Of Public Administration, New Delhi dc.subject.classification: Litrature dc.title: Elites Paradigm And Change In Transnational Perspective dc.type: ptiff dc.type: pdf

Two innovations were brought to a teachers' college: television was introduced, and it was proposed to merge the college with a university. This study investigated the impact of the two types of change on the social system of the teachers' college from the point of view of the staff. A reaction process paradigm was conceptualized and 31 members of the staff were interviewed to test the validity of the paradigm. The interview data were content analyzed to isolate basic themes associated with reaction to change. Television made a minimal impact. The proposed merger produced a high stress reaction. Teachers felt threatened in their positions. It was evident that the reaction process paradigm provided a suitable model for understanding and documenting change as a process phenomenon in which the components of the process determine the impact of change on a social system. [Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (GO)

Two innovations were brought to a teachers' college: television was introduced, and it was proposed to merge the college with a university. This study investigated the impact of the two types of change on the social system of the teachers' college from the point of view of the staff. A reaction process paradigm was conceptualized and 31 members of the staff were interviewed to test the validity of the paradigm. The interview data were content analyzed to isolate basic themes associated with reaction to change. Television made a minimal impact. The proposed merger produced a high stress reaction. Teachers felt threatened in their positions. It was evident that the reaction process paradigm provided a suitable model for understanding and documenting change as a process phenomenon in which the components of the process determine the impact of change on a social system. [Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (GO)

This article is from Clinical Endoscopy , volume 47 . Abstract None

We study hadronic models of broad-band emission of jets in radio-loud active galactic nuclei, and their implications for the accretion in those sources. We show that the models that account for broad-band spectra of blazars emitting in the GeV range in the sample of Boettcher et al. have highly super-Eddington jet powers. Furthermore, the ratio of the jet power to the radiative luminosity of the accretion disc is $\sim 3000$ on average and can be as high as $\sim 10^5$. We then show that the measurements of the radio core shift for the sample imply low magnetic fluxes threading the black hole, which rules out the Blandford-Znajek mechanism to produce powerful jets. These results require that the accretion rate necessary to power the modelled jets is extremely high, and the average radiative accretion efficiency is $\sim 4 \times 10^{-5}$. Thus, if the hadronic model is correct, the currently prevailing picture of accretion in AGNs needs to be significantly revised. Also, the obtained accretion mode cannot be dominant during the lifetimes of the sources, as the modelled very high accretion rates would result in too rapid growth of the central supermassive black holes. Finally, the extreme jet powers in the hadronic model are in conflict with the estimates of the jet power by other methods.

A global optimization framework, acronymed COMBEO (Change OfMeasure Based Evolutionary Optimization), is proposed. An important aspect in the development is a set of derivative-free additive directional terms obtainable through a change of measures en route to the imposition of any stipulated conditions aimed at driving the realized design variables (particles) to the global optimum. The generalized setting offered by the new approach also enables several basic ideas, used with other global search methods such as the particle swarm or the differential evolution, to be rationally incorporated in the proposed setup via a change of measures. The global search may be further aided by imparting to the directional update terms additional layers of random perturbations such as scrambling and selection. Depending on the precise choice of the optimality conditions and the extent of random perturbation, the search can be readily rendered either greedy or more exploratory. As numerically demonstrated, the new proposal appears to provide for a more rational, more accurate and faster alternative to most available evolutionary optimization schemes, prominent amongst which are the differential evolution and the particle swarm methods.

A global optimization framework, acronymed COMBEO (Change OfMeasure Based Evolutionary Optimization), is proposed. An important aspect in the development is a set of derivative-free additive directional terms obtainable through a change of measures en route to the imposition of any stipulated conditions aimed at driving the realized design variables (particles) to the global optimum. The generalized setting offered by the new approach also enables several basic ideas, used with other global search methods such as the particle swarm or the differential evolution, to be rationally incorporated in the proposed setup via a change of measures. The global search may be further aided by imparting to the directional update terms additional layers of random perturbations such as scrambling and selection. Depending on the precise choice of the optimality conditions and the extent of random perturbation, the search can be readily rendered either greedy or more exploratory. As numerically demonstrated, the new proposal appears to provide for a more rational, more accurate and faster alternative to most available evolutionary optimization schemes, prominent amongst which are the differential evolution and the particle swarm methods.

A global optimization framework, acronymed COMBEO (Change OfMeasure Based Evolutionary Optimization), is proposed. An important aspect in the development is a set of derivative-free additive directional terms obtainable through a change of measures en route to the imposition of any stipulated conditions aimed at driving the realized design variables (particles) to the global optimum. The generalized setting offered by the new approach also enables several basic ideas, used with other global search methods such as the particle swarm or the differential evolution, to be rationally incorporated in the proposed setup via a change of measures. The global search may be further aided by imparting to the directional update terms additional layers of random perturbations such as scrambling and selection. Depending on the precise choice of the optimality conditions and the extent of random perturbation, the search can be readily rendered either greedy or more exploratory. As numerically demonstrated, the new proposal appears to provide for a more rational, more accurate and faster alternative to most available evolutionary optimization schemes, prominent amongst which are the differential evolution and the particle swarm methods.

To achieve the information superiority called for in Joint Vision 2010, we must start building information systems which can freely exchange data and be networked into systems of systems. Unfortunately, DOD's current system acquisition paradigm, which stresses independent development of systems, makes this goal difficult or impossible to achieve. To realistically achieve a shared data environment in which systems of systems can be built, we must change the acquisition paradigm. DOD needs to undertake a major development program to build and maintain a quality enterprise data architecture. This architecture would provide a foundation upon which future information systems would be built. It would ensure data interoperability and could ultimately provide the basis for a set of integrated corporate databases across DOD.

Exposure to fear chemosignals (body odors collected during fear emotional states) increases receivers’ sensory acquisition (de Groot et al., 2012) and enhances their attentiveness (Rubin et al., 2012). In fact, Rubin and colleagues suggest that (2012, p.211) exposure to fear (stress)-related chemosignals “…may enhance sensory processing of subtle environmental features that might otherwise be overlooked, thereby increasing receptivity to more detailed information”. Consistent with this argument of enhanced attentiveness, a recent study from our lab suggested that the exposure to fear chemosignals (vs. rest sweat) speeds up participants’ detection of subtle changes that occurred in their visual periphery during a vigilance paradigm (Gomes & Semin, 2021). In the present study, we plan to extend this finding, by exploring the effects of exposure to fear chemosignals (vs. rest sweat) on receivers’ attention in a novel change blindness paradigm using a virtual reality environment. More specifically, participants will be asked to perform a distracting task while task-non-relevant stimuli are displayed in the background. We intend to examine whether exposure to fear chemosignals results an increased awareness the task-irrelevant stimuli.

This paper outlines a program of planned change designed to produce a more satisfying and meaningful set of skill objectives for undergraduate instruction in communication. As a philosophy of communication education, interpersonal competence is based on two key assumptions: (1) that every human being is motivated to interact effectively with his environment, to produce effects on or to influence his world; and (2) that individuals learn social effectiveness throughout life. Interpersonal competence is defined as the individual's ability to give and receive descriptive feedback, to own and help others to own to their values and feelings, to experiment with new values and behaviors, and to invest and take risks with new attitudes and ideas. The challenge facing the communication educator is that of creating classroom conditions which facilitate the development of these skills. (LG)

In the main task, participants will complete a flicker paradigm for change detection in natural scenes that contain an avatar. We adapt the design used in Morgan et al. (2018) using real-world natural scenes. As in Morgan et al. (2018) we will include the within-subjects manipulation of gaze location (valid/invalid). Differently, we will manipulate avatar’s awareness (aware/not-aware) between-subjects. We will create new stimuli based on real-world natural scenes that include real people taken from Bindemann et al. (2010). In addition, to examine the relationship between gaze cuing and other socio-cognitive factors, we will administer measures of visuo-spatial attention (via a POSNER task, Posner, 1980), visuo-spatial working memory (via odd one out span task, Hitch & McAuley 1991), hindsight bias (via a visual hindsight task, Bernstein et al., 2011), and Theory of Mind (via the Animated triangles task, Castelli et al., 2000). Accuracy will be recorded for all the tasks, and reaction times will be recorded for the POSNER and change detection tasks.

Nerve agent (organophosphate) detection, symptom identification, and treatment has long been a priority for US military forces, agent storage depots, demil facilities, and now is becoming an issue at formerly used defense sites (FUDS) or in the case of Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a former production facility, where these agents had been stored, tested, or disposed of and which is currently undergoing environmental remediation. Protecting workers who may be potentially exposed to acute or chronic releases of nerve agents during demilitarization or environmental clean up operations are one of my many responsibilities as the Safety Manager/ Industrial Hygienist for RMA. FUDS and inactive installations like RMA pose a unique set of problems when chemical munitions or agent contaminated piping or vessels are encountered. RMA, like other inactive installations or FUD sites undergoing environmental restoration, does not have an active chemical mission and lack the supporting infrastructure for emergency response, trained back up chemical workers, onsite medical staff, etc. which most storage depots and chemical demilitarization facilities have available to respond to a chemical event. RMA does have an advantage over most FUD sites and other locations where chemicals and in particular, suspect nerve agent munitions may be found. Our facility has a fully instrumented and staffed Environmental Laboratory who have an extensive background in agent chemistry and we have two operational Real Time Analytical Platforms (RTAP's) which can respond to sample suspect agent found during remediation. The lack of these onsite resources makes it imperative that we, the risk managers, be able to find and evaluate, not only new detection and protective devices, but also new and improved methods of treating potential chemical agent casualties, especially nerve agent casualties at future FUD sites and other locations like RMA.

Nerve agent (organophosphate) detection, symptom identification, and treatment has long been a priority for US military forces, agent storage depots, demil facilities, and now is becoming an issue at formerly used defense sites (FUDS) or in the case of Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a former production facility, where these agents had been stored, tested, or disposed of and which is currently undergoing environmental remediation. Protecting workers who may be potentially exposed to acute or chronic releases of nerve agents during demilitarization or environmental clean up operations are one of my many responsibilities as the Safety Manager/ Industrial Hygienist for RMA. FUDS and inactive installations like RMA pose a unique set of problems when chemical munitions or agent contaminated piping or vessels are encountered. RMA, like other inactive installations or FUD sites undergoing environmental restoration, does not have an active chemical mission and lack the supporting infrastructure for emergency response, trained back up chemical workers, onsite medical staff, etc. which most storage depots and chemical demilitarization facilities have available to respond to a chemical event. RMA does have an advantage over most FUD sites and other locations where chemicals and in particular, suspect nerve agent munitions may be found. Our facility has a fully instrumented and staffed Environmental Laboratory who have an extensive background in agent chemistry and we have two operational Real Time Analytical Platforms (RTAP's) which can respond to sample suspect agent found during remediation. The lack of these onsite resources makes it imperative that we, the risk managers, be able to find and evaluate, not only new detection and protective devices, but also new and improved methods of treating potential chemical agent casualties, especially nerve agent casualties at future FUD sites and other locations like RMA.

Another title from Amazon No. 1 bestselling author, Itayi Garande! ·        Are you tired of the same old routine and ready to break free from limiting beliefs? ·        Do you believe in the power of a paradigm shift to transform your life and achieve your dreams? ·        Are you ready to tap into your inner strength, embrace change, and create lasting results? ·        Are you seeking practical strategies and inspiring stories to guide you on your journey of personal growth and transformation? ·        If your answer to any one of these questions is 'Yes', then this book is for you.   Paradigm Shift: Change Your Mindset and Live the Life of Your Dreams takes readers on a transformative journey towards breaking free from old thinking patterns and achieving real change in their lives. With a focus on the power of a paradigm shift, the book guides readers through shifting their mindset, overcoming limiting beliefs, and taking action to reach their goals.   The book emphasizes the importance of recognising that what we think is working against us can actually work for us, and encourages readers to find the lessons in difficult times rather than succumbing to negativity. It highlights the role of faith and trust in the process of change, urging readers to have faith in their own abilities and to trust in others and the world around them.   Drawing on personal anecdotes and stories of high achievers who have overcome adversity, Paradigm Shift inspires and motivates readers to embrace the concept of a paradigm shift and realize their true potential. It emphasizes that creating a paradigm shift is a gradual process that requires patience and persistence, and provides practical tips and techniques for making small, achievable changes every day.   With an emphasis on personal growth, self-discovery, and continuous improvement, this book offers a roadmap for readers to reshape their reality, overcome obstacles, and create a life aligned with their dreams and purpose. It is a call to action for individuals who are ready to embrace change, challenge their beliefs, and unlock their infinite potential.   A 'paradigm shift' will help you break toxic conditioning, shift your mindset and live a happier, healthier, prosperous and wealthier life.   Notable reviews   "A ground-breaking masterpiece! Paradigm Shift is a must-read for aspiring entrepreneurs seeking to revolutionize their business strategies." - Mark Thompson, CEO of Innovate Industries   "A life-altering gem! Paradigm Shift provides a roadmap to success for ambitious professionals striving to reach the pinnacle of their careers." - Jessica Roberts, Senior Vice President at Visionary Enterprises, LA, California   "An enlightening journey! Paradigm Shift is a game-changer for leaders in the corporate world, offering invaluable insights for driving organizational transformation." - Andrew Reynolds, Chief Operating Officer at Global Solutions UK   "A transformative guide! Paradigm Shift is a beacon of inspiration for individuals in the creative arts, empowering them to break barriers and unleash their artistic genius." - Lily Mitchell, Award-Winning Filmmaker   "A masterpiece! Paradigm Shift is a treasure trove of wisdom for educators, equipping them with innovative approaches to transform the future of education." - Dr. Benjamin Thompson, Dean of Education at Cambridge University   "A revolutionary book! Paradigm Shift is a revelation for wellness enthusiasts, offering powerful techniques to cultivate a balanced and harmonious life." - Olivia Foster, Founder of Serenity Wellness Centre, Bristol UK

Another title from Amazon No. 1 bestselling author, Itayi Garande! ·        Are you tired of the same old routine and ready to break free from limiting beliefs? ·        Do you believe in the power of a paradigm shift to transform your life and achieve your dreams? ·        Are you ready to tap into your inner strength, embrace change, and create lasting results? ·        Are you seeking practical strategies and inspiring stories to guide you on your journey of personal growth and transformation? ·        If your answer to any one of these questions is 'Yes', then this book is for you.   Paradigm Shift: Change Your Mindset and Live the Life of Your Dreams takes readers on a transformative journey towards breaking free from old thinking patterns and achieving real change in their lives. With a focus on the power of a paradigm shift, the book guides readers through shifting their mindset, overcoming limiting beliefs, and taking action to reach their goals.   The book emphasizes the importance of recognising that what we think is working against us can actually work for us, and encourages readers to find the lessons in difficult times rather than succumbing to negativity. It highlights the role of faith and trust in the process of change, urging readers to have faith in their own abilities and to trust in others and the world around them.   Drawing on personal anecdotes and stories of high achievers who have overcome adversity, Paradigm Shift inspires and motivates readers to embrace the concept of a paradigm shift and realize their true potential. It emphasizes that creating a paradigm shift is a gradual process that requires patience and persistence, and provides practical tips and techniques for making small, achievable changes every day.   With an emphasis on personal growth, self-discovery, and continuous improvement, this book offers a roadmap for readers to reshape their reality, overcome obstacles, and create a life aligned with their dreams and purpose. It is a call to action for individuals who are ready to embrace change, challenge their beliefs, and unlock their infinite potential.   A 'paradigm shift' will help you break toxic conditioning, shift your mindset and live a happier, healthier, prosperous and wealthier life.   Notable reviews   "A ground-breaking masterpiece! Paradigm Shift is a must-read for aspiring entrepreneurs seeking to revolutionize their business strategies." - Mark Thompson, CEO of Innovate Industries   "A life-altering gem! Paradigm Shift provides a roadmap to success for ambitious professionals striving to reach the pinnacle of their careers." - Jessica Roberts, Senior Vice President at Visionary Enterprises, LA, California   "An enlightening journey! Paradigm Shift is a game-changer for leaders in the corporate world, offering invaluable insights for driving organizational transformation." - Andrew Reynolds, Chief Operating Officer at Global Solutions UK   "A transformative guide! Paradigm Shift is a beacon of inspiration for individuals in the creative arts, empowering them to break barriers and unleash their artistic genius." - Lily Mitchell, Award-Winning Filmmaker   "A masterpiece! Paradigm Shift is a treasure trove of wisdom for educators, equipping them with innovative approaches to transform the future of education." - Dr. Benjamin Thompson, Dean of Education at Cambridge University   "A revolutionary book! Paradigm Shift is a revelation for wellness enthusiasts, offering powerful techniques to cultivate a balanced and harmonious life." - Olivia Foster, Founder of Serenity Wellness Centre, Bristol UK

Another title from Amazon No. 1 bestselling author, Itayi Garande! ·        Are you tired of the same old routine and ready to break free from limiting beliefs? ·        Do you believe in the power of a paradigm shift to transform your life and achieve your dreams? ·        Are you ready to tap into your inner strength, embrace change, and create lasting results? ·        Are you seeking practical strategies and inspiring stories to guide you on your journey of personal growth and transformation? ·        If your answer to any one of these questions is 'Yes', then this book is for you.   Paradigm Shift: Change Your Mindset and Live the Life of Your Dreams takes readers on a transformative journey towards breaking free from old thinking patterns and achieving real change in their lives. With a focus on the power of a paradigm shift, the book guides readers through shifting their mindset, overcoming limiting beliefs, and taking action to reach their goals.   The book emphasizes the importance of recognising that what we think is working against us can actually work for us, and encourages readers to find the lessons in difficult times rather than succumbing to negativity. It highlights the role of faith and trust in the process of change, urging readers to have faith in their own abilities and to trust in others and the world around them.   Drawing on personal anecdotes and stories of high achievers who have overcome adversity, Paradigm Shift inspires and motivates readers to embrace the concept of a paradigm shift and realize their true potential. It emphasizes that creating a paradigm shift is a gradual process that requires patience and persistence, and provides practical tips and techniques for making small, achievable changes every day.   With an emphasis on personal growth, self-discovery, and continuous improvement, this book offers a roadmap for readers to reshape their reality, overcome obstacles, and create a life aligned with their dreams and purpose. It is a call to action for individuals who are ready to embrace change, challenge their beliefs, and unlock their infinite potential.   A 'paradigm shift' will help you break toxic conditioning, shift your mindset and live a happier, healthier, prosperous and wealthier life.   Notable reviews   "A ground-breaking masterpiece! Paradigm Shift is a must-read for aspiring entrepreneurs seeking to revolutionize their business strategies." - Mark Thompson, CEO of Innovate Industries   "A life-altering gem! Paradigm Shift provides a roadmap to success for ambitious professionals striving to reach the pinnacle of their careers." - Jessica Roberts, Senior Vice President at Visionary Enterprises, LA, California   "An enlightening journey! Paradigm Shift is a game-changer for leaders in the corporate world, offering invaluable insights for driving organizational transformation." - Andrew Reynolds, Chief Operating Officer at Global Solutions UK   "A transformative guide! Paradigm Shift is a beacon of inspiration for individuals in the creative arts, empowering them to break barriers and unleash their artistic genius." - Lily Mitchell, Award-Winning Filmmaker   "A masterpiece! Paradigm Shift is a treasure trove of wisdom for educators, equipping them with innovative approaches to transform the future of education." - Dr. Benjamin Thompson, Dean of Education at Cambridge University   "A revolutionary book! Paradigm Shift is a revelation for wellness enthusiasts, offering powerful techniques to cultivate a balanced and harmonious life." - Olivia Foster, Founder of Serenity Wellness Centre, Bristol UK

In the main task, participants will complete a flicker paradigm for change detection in natural scenes that contain an avatar. We adapt the design used in Morgan et al. (2018) using real-world natural scenes. As in Morgan et al. (2018) we will include the within-subjects manipulation of gaze location (valid/invalid). We will create new stimuli based on real-world natural scenes that include real people taken from Bindemann et al. (2010). In addition, to examine the relationship between gaze cuing and other socio-cognitive factors, we will administer measures of visuo-spatial attention (via a POSNER task, Posner, 1980), visuo-spatial working memory (via odd one out span task, Hitch & McAuley 1991), hindsight bias (via a visual hindsight task, Bernstein et al., 2011), and Theory of Mind (via the Animated triangles task, Castelli et al., 2000). Accuracy will be recorded for all the tasks, and reaction times will be recorded for the POSNER and change detection tasks.

The lessons learned from the S&MA early involvement in the Ares I launch vehicle design phases proved that performing an in-line function jointly with engineering is critical for S&MA to have an effective role in supporting the system, element, and component design. These lessons learned were used to effectively support the Ares V conceptual design phase and planning for post conceptual design phases. The Top level Conceptual LOM assessment for Ares V performed by the S&MA community jointly with the engineering Advanced Concept Office (ACO) was influential in the final selection of the Ares V system configuration. Post conceptual phase, extensive reliability effort should be planned to support future Heavy Lift Launch Vehicles (HLLV) design. In-depth reliability analysis involving the design, manufacturing, and system engineering communities is critical to understand design and process uncertainties and system integrated failures.

The lessons learned from the S&MA early involvement in the Ares I launch vehicle design phases proved that performing an in-line function jointly with engineering is critical for S&MA to have an effective role in supporting the system, element, and component design. These lessons learned were used to effectively support the Ares V conceptual design phase and planning for post conceptual design phases. The Top level Conceptual LOM assessment for Ares V performed by the S&MA community jointly with the engineering Advanced Concept Office (ACO) was influential in the final selection of the Ares V system configuration. Post conceptual phase, extensive reliability effort should be planned to support future Heavy Lift Launch Vehicles (HLLV) design. In-depth reliability analysis involving the design, manufacturing, and system engineering communities is critical to understand design and process uncertainties and system integrated failures.

Response-to-Intervention (RtI), a framework for improving academic and behavioral outcomes for all students, can be viewed as a current example of an educational change initiative. Given the difficulties that some schools may be experiencing when implementing RtI effectively, it is important to examine prior educational change conceptualizations and research for factors that may facilitate or impede current educational reform. The purpose of this article is to (a) present RtI as a current educational reform initiative, (b) use Fullan's (2007) theoretical model as a framework through which to present information related to educational change, and (c) provide suggestions regarding how such educational change literature can inform and improve the implementation and future sustainability of RtI in schools.

This rapidly changing world demands new skills and competencies for students and teachers whose role as professionals is also changing. Traditional approach to teaching/learning process involves the directed flow of information from a teacher as sage to students as receivers. How effective this transmission of the information has been can be tested by different tests. In OECD Background Report for the International Summit on the Teaching Profession (2012) it is stated that changes in the demand for skills have evident implications that teachers themselves need to acquire new competencies to be able to work effectively. In today's world where young generation is IT literate, routine or subject based knowledge is being digitized, teachers "need to enable people to become lifelong learners, to manage non-rule-based complex ways of thinking and complex ways of working that computers cannot take over easily" (p. 35). [For the complete Volume 13, Number 1 proceedings, see ED568595.]

This rapidly changing world demands new skills and competencies for students and teachers whose role as professionals is also changing. Traditional approach to teaching/learning process involves the directed flow of information from a teacher as sage to students as receivers. How effective this transmission of the information has been can be tested by different tests. In OECD Background Report for the International Summit on the Teaching Profession (2012) it is stated that changes in the demand for skills have evident implications that teachers themselves need to acquire new competencies to be able to work effectively. In today's world where young generation is IT literate, routine or subject based knowledge is being digitized, teachers "need to enable people to become lifelong learners, to manage non-rule-based complex ways of thinking and complex ways of working that computers cannot take over easily" (p. 35). [For the complete Volume 13, Number 1 proceedings, see ED568595.]

The emergence of change management in educational organizations in the 21st century has raised the need to adapting paradigm shift in leaders' vision on setting the goals, missions and objectives towards the effective achievement of the organization's goals, this paper sheds lights on the paradigm shift of change management aiming to bring about a sustainable educational organization by means of a mixed method research design wherein the data collection draws on the change factors which include leading the organization with vision for change, strategic organization management for change, results-base management for change, knowledge management and personnel focus for change, creating organizational value of quality for change and sustainable educational organization. These factors account for the relevance of this study as it adds knowledge in organizational change management based on empirical data with significant impact on sustainable educational organization and the major implications will directly and indirectly influence the implementation of education policy, organization change, organization culture, knowledge sharing retention, excellent organization to sustainable educational organization. [This chapter was published in: "Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research, Vol. 2," BP International, 2023, pp. 134-151.]

The emergence of change management in educational organizations in the 21st century has raised the need to adapting paradigm shift in leaders' vision on setting the goals, missions and objectives towards the effective achievement of the organization's goals, this paper sheds lights on the paradigm shift of change management aiming to bring about a sustainable educational organization by means of a mixed method research design wherein the data collection draws on the change factors which include leading the organization with vision for change, strategic organization management for change, results-base management for change, knowledge management and personnel focus for change, creating organizational value of quality for change and sustainable educational organization. These factors account for the relevance of this study as it adds knowledge in organizational change management based on empirical data with significant impact on sustainable educational organization and the major implications will directly and indirectly influence the implementation of education policy, organization change, organization culture, knowledge sharing retention, excellent organization to sustainable educational organization. [This chapter was published in: "Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research, Vol. 2," BP International, 2023, pp. 134-151.]

This article is from Frontiers in Psychology , volume 4 . Abstract Choices not only reflect our preference, but they also affect our behavior. The phenomenon of choice-induced preference change has been of interest to cognitive dissonance researchers in social psychology, and more recently, it has attracted the attention of researchers in economics and neuroscience. Preference modulation after the mere act of making a choice has been repeatedly demonstrated over the last 50 years by an experimental paradigm called the “free-choice paradigm.” However, Chen and Risen (2010) pointed out a serious methodological flaw in this paradigm, arguing that evidence for choice-induced preference change is still insufficient. Despite the flaw, studies using the traditional free-choice paradigm continue to be published without addressing the criticism. Here, aiming to draw more attention to this issue, we briefly explain the methodological problem, and then describe simple simulation studies that illustrate how the free-choice paradigm produces a systematic pattern of preference change consistent with cognitive dissonance, even without any change in true preference. Our stimulation also shows how a different level of noise in each phase of the free-choice paradigm independently contributes to the magnitude of artificial preference change. Furthermore, we review ways of addressing the critique and provide a meta-analysis to show the effect size of choice-induced preference change after addressing the critique. Finally, we review and discuss, based on the results of the stimulation studies, how the criticism affects our interpretation of past findings generated from the free-choice paradigm. We conclude that the use of the conventional free-choice paradigm should be avoided in future research and the validity of past findings from studies using this paradigm should be empirically re-established.

This article is from Frontiers in Psychology , volume 5 . Abstract Visual task performance is generally stronger in familiar environments. One reason for this familiarity benefit is that we learn where to direct our visual attention and effective attentional deployment enhances performance. Visual working memory plays a central role in supporting long-term memory guidance of visuospatial attention. We modified a change detection task to create a new paradigm for investigating long-term memory guidance of attention. During the training phase, subjects viewed images in a flicker paradigm and were asked to detect between one and three changes in the images. The test phase required subjects to detect a single change in a one-shot change detection task in which they held all possible locations of changes in visual working memory and deployed attention to those locations to determine if a change occurred. Subjects detected significantly more changes in images for which they had been trained to detect the changes, demonstrating that memory of the images guided subjects in deploying their attention. Moreover, capacity to detect changes was greater for images that had multiple changes during the training phase. In Experiment 2, we observed that capacity to detect changes for the 3-studied change condition increased significantly with more study exposures and capacity was significantly higher than 1, indicating that subjects were able to attend to more than one location. Together, these findings suggest memory and attentional systems interact via working memory such that long-term memory can be used to direct visual spatial attention to multiple locations based on previous experience.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract While humans are able to understand much about causality, it is unclear to what extent non-human animals can do the same. The Aesop's Fable paradigm requires an animal to drop stones into a water-filled tube to bring a floating food reward within reach. Rook, Eurasian jay, and New Caledonian crow performances are similar to those of children under seven years of age when solving this task. However, we know very little about the cognition underpinning these birds' performances. Here, we address several limitations of previous Aesop's Fable studies to gain insight into the causal cognition of New Caledonian crows. Our results provide the first evidence that any non-human animal can solve the U-tube task and can discriminate between water-filled tubes of different volumes. However, our results do not provide support for the hypothesis that these crows can infer the presence of a hidden causal mechanism. They also call into question previous object-discrimination performances. The methodologies outlined here should allow for more powerful comparisons between humans and other animal species and thus help us to determine which aspects of causal cognition are distinct to humans.

In the main task, participants will complete a flicker paradigm for change detection in natural scenes that contain a avatar. We adapt the design used in Morgan et al. (2018) using real-world natural scenes, cross-ing gaze location (valid/invalid) with avatar’s awareness (aware/not-aware). We will create new stimuli based on real-world natural scenes that include real people taken from Bindemann et al. (2010). In addition, to examine the relationship between gaze cuing and other socio-cognitive factors, we will administer measures of visuo-spatial attention (via a POSNER task, Posner, 1980), visuo-spatial working memory (via odd one out span task, Hitch & McAuley 1991), hindsight bias (via a visual hindsight task, Bernstein et al., 2011), and Theory of Mind (via the Animated triangles task, Castelli et al., 2000). Accuracy will be recorded for all the tasks, and reaction times will be recorded for the POSNER and change detection tasks.

Every autumn since 2003 the ancient Greek island of Rhodes hosts a session of the World Public Forum «Dialogue of Civilizations» called the Rhodes Forum that brings together public figures and statesmen, academics, religious figures and representatives of the arts, mass media and business spheres from all over the world. The sessions of the WPF «Dialogue of Civilizations» proved the urgency and efficacy of the Forum by bringing the focus of world public opinion to the problems of intercultural dialogue and the need to work out instruments to make interaction among cultures and civilizations possible. The results achieved by the Forum give a hope for further harmonization of international relations and strengthening of stability in the world. http://wpfdc.org http://rhodesforum.org http://rhodesyouthforum.org http://www.facebook.com/world.public.forum http://twitter.com/wpfdc https://plus.google.com/106755027882395646316/posts http://www.linkedin.com/groups?about&gid=4236665 Director/Editing: Susan Florries DOP/Post-production: Volkmar Geiblinger Post-production: Thomas Rath Sound editing and mixing: Johannes Paul Heilig Composer: Chris Angelo

Every autumn since 2003 the ancient Greek island of Rhodes hosts a session of the World Public Forum «Dialogue of Civilizations» called the Rhodes Forum that brings together public figures and statesmen, academics, religious figures and representatives of the arts, mass media and business spheres from all over the world. The sessions of the WPF «Dialogue of Civilizations» proved the urgency and efficacy of the Forum by bringing the focus of world public opinion to the problems of intercultural dialogue and the need to work out instruments to make interaction among cultures and civilizations possible. The results achieved by the Forum give a hope for further harmonization of international relations and strengthening of stability in the world. http://wpfdc.org http://rhodesforum.org http://rhodesyouthforum.org http://www.facebook.com/world.public.forum http://twitter.com/wpfdc https://plus.google.com/106755027882395646316/posts http://www.linkedin.com/groups?about&gid=4236665 Director/Editing: Susan Florries DOP/Post-production: Volkmar Geiblinger Post-production: Thomas Rath Sound editing and mixing: Johannes Paul Heilig Composer: Chris Angelo

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The Department of Defense (DoD) software acquisition policy struggles to adapt to the emerging trend of delivering lightweight applications on demand via application store technologies. The commercial world has evolved to where it now provides a constant stream of capabilities allowing customers to customize their information/communication devices with numerous applications. DoD-created solutions are often inflexibly designed with limited adaptability due to requirements for reliability, communications security, and absolute need for accuracy. Because of this, acquisition processes are needed that allow warfighters to take advantage of the rich Internet applications and Web 2.0 technologies currently available to the average consumer. This paper identifies processes for employing a DoD application store that delivers software in a rapid, secure, and reliable manner. Leveraging the government-developed open source Ozone Widget Framework, web applications are developed and registered to a single repository. The warfighter can discover, access, and compose these web applications from the Ozone Marketplace. To promote innovation and foster collaboration between the DoD and industry, the application stores in the DoD should include separate industry trial and demonstration sections. Industry partners can upload capabilities for demonstration/trial by the government and allow program offices to evaluate applications with the goal of selecting capabilities for Programs of Record.

The U.S. Army's ability to meet current demands for land combat power in the execution of the National Military Strategy has reached a critical stage. For the first time the All-Volunteer Force must sustain a lengthy conflict with significant amounts of ground combat power. This paper examines the ability of the All-Volunteer Force to meet the manpower needs of the U.S. Army. There are significant issues with the All-Volunteer Force that point toward a crisis for the U.S. Army. The U.S. Army must first recognize the problem and subsequently plan to avert a potential crisis. As a framework to look at the All-Volunteer Force, this paper used Thomas Kuhn's Paradigm Theory. Kuhn theorized that once a paradigm is accepted, guiding principles or the normal science of a paradigm are established. However, very often anomalies happen that the normal science cannot explain. Defenders of the paradigm change the rules to keep the paradigm rather than change the paradigm itself. Finally, crisis occurs and must be resolved either through the paradigm or by replacing the paradigm.

The U.S. Army's ability to meet current demands for land combat power in the execution of the National Military Strategy has reached a critical stage. For the first time the All-Volunteer Force must sustain a lengthy conflict with significant amounts of ground combat power. This paper examines the ability of the All-Volunteer Force to meet the manpower needs of the U.S. Army. There are significant issues with the All-Volunteer Force that point toward a crisis for the U.S. Army. The U.S. Army must first recognize the problem and subsequently plan to avert a potential crisis. As a framework to look at the All-Volunteer Force, this paper used Thomas Kuhn's Paradigm Theory. Kuhn theorized that once a paradigm is accepted, guiding principles or the normal science of a paradigm are established. However, very often anomalies happen that the normal science cannot explain. Defenders of the paradigm change the rules to keep the paradigm rather than change the paradigm itself. Finally, crisis occurs and must be resolved either through the paradigm or by replacing the paradigm.