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This study examines developmental changes in perspective-taking and intuitions about generic generalizations, by assessing children and adult perceptions of disagreements among speakers who use generics to describe contextually-restricted or unrestricted regularities. To illustrate, consider the following scenarios: first, in a conversation among American tourists in Saudi Arabia in 2017 speakers share facts about the country; one says “women don’t drive cars” (a claim restricted to that spatiotemporal context). Second, in a conversation taking place in the US about women in general, a speaker says “women drive cars” (a claim unrestricted to a specific context). On the surface, the two speakers made contradictory claims about women, but both can be right since the claims had a different scope. This results in so-called “faultless disagreement” (Barker, 2013). Since people likely use generics in both restricted and unrestricted senses (as our unpublished data suggest), successful learners should be able to appreciate cases of faultless disagreement. The ability to reconcile different perspectives is an important facet of social functioning, involved in managing disagreements effectively (Amemiya et al., 2021). Grasping differences between genuine disagreements and differentially restricted generic claims is also important in science learning. For example, in a science class, a student might hear that water freezes at 32 F (an unrestricted claim), and that it freezes at -6 F and at -40 F (claims restricted to salt water and pure supercooled water, respectively). To understand these inputs without discrediting the teacher, the student must keep track of contextual restrictions across these claims. The ubiquity of situations where this skill is deployed raises the question of when and how this important capacity develops. Prior developmental work indicates that it may take a surprisingly long time for children to appreciate that different unqualified claims about tastes and relative attributes can be true: they do not start responding in an adult-like way on some of these tasks until 8-9 years of age (Foushee & Srinivasan, 2017; Holubar, 2015; Repacholi & Gopnik, 1997; Wellman & Liu, 2004). Consistently acknowledging faultless disagreement about contextually (un)restricted generics may be even more challenging, because it can occur even for non-subjective attributes, like “spotted” or “wear black hats.” For generics, the apparent disagreement stems not from divergent experiences, but from distinct clusters of regularities in the world, with some regularities holding broadly, and others only in restricted bubbles. This study will examine two research questions: Q1. Can adults track speaker (dis)agreement across a variety of matching and mismatching contextual restrictions? and Q2. How does this capacity develop? At what age do children respond in an adult-like way, and are some combinations of contextual restrictions more challenging than others across development?

This study examines developmental changes in perspective-taking and intuitions about generic generalizations, by assessing children and adult perceptions of disagreements among speakers who use generics to describe contextually-restricted or unrestricted regularities. To illustrate, consider the following scenarios: first, in a conversation among American tourists in Saudi Arabia in 2017 speakers share facts about the country; one says “women don’t drive cars” (a claim restricted to that spatiotemporal context). Second, in a conversation taking place in the US about women in general, a speaker says “women drive cars” (a claim unrestricted to a specific context). On the surface, the two speakers made contradictory claims about women, but both can be right since the claims had a different scope. This results in so-called “faultless disagreement” (Barker, 2013). Since people likely use generics in both restricted and unrestricted senses (as our unpublished data suggest), successful learners should be able to appreciate cases of faultless disagreement. The ability to reconcile different perspectives is an important facet of social functioning, involved in managing disagreements effectively (Amemiya et al., 2021). Grasping differences between genuine disagreements and differentially restricted generic claims is also important in science learning. For example, in a science class, a student might hear that water freezes at 32 F (an unrestricted claim), and that it freezes at -6 F and at -40 F (claims restricted to salt water and pure supercooled water, respectively). To understand these inputs without discrediting the teacher, the student must keep track of contextual restrictions across these claims. The ubiquity of situations where this skill is deployed raises the question of when and how this important capacity develops. Prior developmental work indicates that it may take a surprisingly long time for children to appreciate that different unqualified claims about tastes and relative attributes can be true: they do not start responding in an adult-like way on some of these tasks until 8-9 years of age (Foushee & Srinivasan, 2017; Holubar, 2015; Repacholi & Gopnik, 1997; Wellman & Liu, 2004). Consistently acknowledging faultless disagreement about contextually (un)restricted generics may be even more challenging, because it can occur even for non-subjective attributes, like “spotted” or “wear black hats.” For generics, the apparent disagreement stems not from divergent experiences, but from distinct clusters of regularities in the world, with some regularities holding broadly, and others only in restricted bubbles. This study will examine two research questions: Q1. Can adults track speaker (dis)agreement across a variety of matching and mismatching contextual restrictions? and Q2. How does this capacity develop? At what age do children respond in an adult-like way, and are some combinations of contextual restrictions more challenging than others across development?

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http://uf.catalog.fcla.edu/uf.jsp?st=UF028221073&ix=pm&I=0&V=D&pm=1

http://uf.catalog.fcla.edu/uf.jsp?st=UF028221073&ix=pm&I=0&V=D&pm=1

This article is devoted to the investigation and experimental validation of a model for developing scientific writing and communication skills among students majoring in “Forestry”. The study included a scientometric analysis of scientific publications using CiteSpace software, which revealed key areas of research such as argumentation, inquiry-based writing, scientific communication, and metacognitive components. In parallel with the analytical work, a pedagogical experiment was carried out, involving students from both experimental and control groups. The skills were assessed across eight aspects: formulation of the scientific problem, text structuring, source citation, clarity and logical coherence, use of scientific vocabulary, data interpretation, visualization of results, and justification of conclusions. The results demonstrated a significant improvement (on average, 35%) in all components among students in the experimental group, while the control group showed minimal changes. This confirms the effectiveness of the practice-oriented model, integrated into the educational process through research-based tasks. The findings can be applied in the development of educational programs and methods for training forestry specialists. Enable Ginger Cannot connect to Ginger Check your internet connection or reload the browserDisable Ginger?How to use GingerRephraseRephrase with Ginger (Ctrl+Alt+E) Edit in Ginger Ginger is checking your text for mistakes... Disable Ginger in this text fieldDisable Ginger on this website×

This article is devoted to the investigation and experimental validation of a model for developing scientific writing and communication skills among students majoring in “Forestry”. The study included a scientometric analysis of scientific publications using CiteSpace software, which revealed key areas of research such as argumentation, inquiry-based writing, scientific communication, and metacognitive components. In parallel with the analytical work, a pedagogical experiment was carried out, involving students from both experimental and control groups. The skills were assessed across eight aspects: formulation of the scientific problem, text structuring, source citation, clarity and logical coherence, use of scientific vocabulary, data interpretation, visualization of results, and justification of conclusions. The results demonstrated a significant improvement (on average, 35%) in all components among students in the experimental group, while the control group showed minimal changes. This confirms the effectiveness of the practice-oriented model, integrated into the educational process through research-based tasks. The findings can be applied in the development of educational programs and methods for training forestry specialists. Enable Ginger Cannot connect to Ginger Check your internet connection or reload the browserDisable Ginger?How to use GingerRephraseRephrase with Ginger (Ctrl+Alt+E) Edit in Ginger Ginger is checking your text for mistakes... Disable Ginger in this text fieldDisable Ginger on this website×

In acoustic thermometry of the ocean, interpretation of the results of the measurements implies that all distances between sources and receivers in the thermometry system are fixed during an experiment. This means that the acoustic sources and receivers should be firmly installed on the bottom. However, it is not always possible to deploy such stable systems in the ocean, especially in deep water. One of the acoustic emitting complexes for the ACOUS (Arctic Climate Observation using Underwater Sound) experiment is planned for deployment in the deep-water Central Arctic Basin. Arctic conditions make it difficult to deploy a long-baseline system, since the ice drift cannot be controlled and the navigation beacons cannot be accurately deployed at the determined points on the bottom around the main mooring system. In these conditions, the beacons should be self-locating and the system construction adapted for fast deployment. Moreover, the necessary resolution of the thermometry system in the ACOUS experiment requires positioning accuracy better than that in the available commercial devices. This paper discusses these requirements of the acoustic positioning system as well as addressing the issue of communication between the complex and the shore.

In acoustic thermometry of the ocean, interpretation of the results of the measurements implies that all distances between sources and receivers in the thermometry system are fixed during an experiment. This means that the acoustic sources and receivers should be firmly installed on the bottom. However, it is not always possible to deploy such stable systems in the ocean, especially in deep water. One of the acoustic emitting complexes for the ACOUS (Arctic Climate Observation using Underwater Sound) experiment is planned for deployment in the deep-water Central Arctic Basin. Arctic conditions make it difficult to deploy a long-baseline system, since the ice drift cannot be controlled and the navigation beacons cannot be accurately deployed at the determined points on the bottom around the main mooring system. In these conditions, the beacons should be self-locating and the system construction adapted for fast deployment. Moreover, the necessary resolution of the thermometry system in the ACOUS experiment requires positioning accuracy better than that in the available commercial devices. This paper discusses these requirements of the acoustic positioning system as well as addressing the issue of communication between the complex and the shore.

The metadata below describe the original scanning. Follow the "All Files: HTTP" link in the "View the book" box to the left to find XML files that contain more metadata about the original images and the derived formats (OCR results, PDF etc.). See also the What is the directory structure for the texts? FAQ for information about file content and naming conventions.

The metadata below describe the original scanning. Follow the "All Files: HTTP" link in the "View the book" box to the left to find XML files that contain more metadata about the original images and the derived formats (OCR results, PDF etc.). See also the What is the directory structure for the texts? FAQ for information about file content and naming conventions.

The guidelines provided incorporate principles and themes emerging from the re-evaluation of unsuccessful large-scale educational intervention programs in developing countries. Recommendations for effective programs include (1) a decentralized mode of operation, (2) local participation in designing and carrying out programs, (3) a multi-focus on community life, and (4) a strong emphasis upon problem prevention. The Model Educational Communication System (MECS) for improving rural education in Indonesia is described in a case study of the application of effective development themes and principles. The radio, audiocassette, and communication satellite component services of MECS are described. (CMV)

Communication is crucial for any human being and the children with disabilities are no exception. Due to the number and combination of their disabilities and/or conditions, children with multiple disabilities and visual impairment (MDVI) have especially limitations of the ability to communicate the meaningful and functional way with their environment. In order to improve the communication skills of children with MDVI, it is very important to identify unique, individual communication behaviors of these children. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable developmental assessment tool to evaluate preverbal communication skills of Turkish children with MDVI. Sequential explanatory mixed methods were used in the study. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the mothers of 34 children suffering from MDVI to explore the preverbal communication behaviors of the children based on the daily observances of their mothers' with a descriptive analysis being performed on the data. From the findings of the interviews and the literature review, Preverbal Communication Skills Scale for Children with Multiple Disabilities and Visual Impairment (PCSS-MDVI) and the scoring guide were developed. During the quantitative phase, 65 mothers of children with MDVI were given this scale in order to determine the validity and reliability of the scale. For the reliability analysis, 34 mothers of typically developing (TD) children age between 1 to 24 months old also were given the scale. The findings of the qualitative phase indicated that children with MDVI were communicating mostly with preverbal behaviors and the analysis on data from the quantitative phase with respect to item analysis, reliability and validity revealed that the scale is valid and reliable. The scale has 17 items and three subscales, which are; regulating behaviors, social interaction and joint attention. The majority of children with MDVI cannot communicate verbally and there is lack of studies and assessment tools for the purpose of effectively evaluate these children's preverbal communicative behaviors in our country. Based on the analysis, the PCSS-MDVI has been demonstrated good preliminary psychometric properties and it can be used as an instrument to evaluate preverbal communication behaviors of children with MDVI. It is the preliminary study of the development of the scale. Thus, validation of the scale should be repeated with more participants and the data of the video observations of preverbal communication behaviors of children with MDVI should be added to the analysis.

One of the essential factors for preschool education to succeed and meet expectations is the presence of teachers who have effective communication skills. Effective communication between preschool educators and children influences children's school adjustment, developmental outcomes in different domains, and their future relationship with teachers. For this reason, measurement scales which determine to what extent teachers have these skills are needed. The purpose of the present study is to develop a scale which determines teacher's communication skills with children and to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Sample group is composed of 182 teachers for first application, and for second 207 teachers working at public and private kindergartens in Konya in the districts of Meram, Karatay and Selcuklu. Teacher-Child Communication Scale (TCCS) was used as a data collection tool in the present study. For content validity of TCCS, expert opinions were asked. In order to determine internal consistency reliability of the teacher-child communication scale, each dimension and the whole scale, Cronbach's alpha values were calculated. In order to test construct validity of TCCS, Categorical Principle Components Analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results suggest that Teacher-Child Communication Scale is a valid and reliable scale which has five dimensions. (Contains 3 tables and 1 figure.)

To gain insight into a leader's ability to effect change by influencing group peers this study sought to identify structural properties and communication behavior characteristics of the school systems in which opinion leaders and isolates work, as they relate to a change strategy for vocational-technical education. Based on questionnaire data collected from a random sample of 57 vocational agriculture teachers, the study revealed that the success of an opinion leader is related to the definition of the peer group and to the school in which he teaches. (JS)

To gain insight into a leader's ability to effect change by influencing group peers this study sought to identify structural properties and communication behavior characteristics of the school systems in which opinion leaders and isolates work, as they relate to a change strategy for vocational-technical education. Based on questionnaire data collected from a random sample of 57 vocational agriculture teachers, the study revealed that the success of an opinion leader is related to the definition of the peer group and to the school in which he teaches. (JS)

To gain insight into a leader's ability to effect change by influencing group peers this study sought to identify structural properties and communication behavior characteristics of the school systems in which opinion leaders and isolates work, as they relate to a change strategy for vocational-technical education. Based on questionnaire data collected from a random sample of 57 vocational agriculture teachers, the study revealed that the success of an opinion leader is related to the definition of the peer group and to the school in which he teaches. (JS)

This volume was digitized and made accessible online due to deterioration of the original print copy.

Purpose of the research  – consists of a research of issues of development of information and communication technology in the agricultural sector.  Methodology  – consists of systematic and comparative approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis of problems on the development of information and communication technology in the agricultural sector.  Finding  – offers and the recommendations about issues of development of information and communication technology in Agrarian sector, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Food Security, "Wisdom Agriculture". 

The aim of the work is to determine whether there is existing technology which could be adapted for use in surveillance of SLC development in children. A scoping review will be carried out to determine what tools exist already.

The aim of the work is to determine whether there is existing technology which could be adapted for use in surveillance of SLC development in children. A scoping review will be carried out to determine what tools exist already.

2015May08 - Communication and Presentation Skills - 18th Executive Development Programme conducted by Institute of Company Secretaries of India, Hyderabad Chapter. This is a live audio recording of the session, in English. Two power point presentations were used, and those who are interested in having a copy of the same are requested to drop a line: [email protected].

The goal of this study is to derive a clear definition for both communication and information overload. Even though the constructs have been defined as being distinct facets of the construct technology overload (Karr-Wisniewski & Lu, 2010), studies often confound the constructs both in definition (e.g. Stephens et al., 2017, Cho, 2011) and operationalization (e.g. Ellwart et al., 2015). This study aims at providing a concise definition for both communication and information overload, taking previous studies into account. Additionally, short scales will be developed to be able to measure both constructs in real-world settings.

This paper explored the relationships among career development, personality trait, and organizational commitment and examines whether career development mediates the relationship between personality trait and organizational commitment. The sample was 275 sport communication technology talents in Taiwan. The instrument included the Personality Trait Scale, Career Development Scale, and Organizational Commitment Scale. The relationship between personality trait and organizational commitment was mediated by career development. According the findings, some suggestions and recommendations for administration agency, and further researchers were made.

The socialization of sociology graduate students is examined to determine why graduate students often lack professional confidence, promise, and maturity. A review of professional development literature indicates possible problems. The student who lacks professional and occupational objectives, commitment, and works at less than full potential is described in section I. Section II discusses lack of graduate program standardization, unstructured curriculum, competitive grading, and student exploitation as sources of the problem. Section III describes the central cause of student problems as a double bind, consisting of the contradictory communications that sociology is a discipline of shapeless complexity and that the primary goal of the graduate student is to tie up all loose ends. These two communications, entitled the fallacy of shapeless complexity and the fallacy of closure, are characterized in sections IV and V, followed by solutions to the problem in section VI. The solution is to improve student and faculty awareness of and communication about the double bind and then to attempt practical reform of examination procedures, degree requirements, and knowledge development. References are included in the document. (Author/DB)

The socialization of sociology graduate students is examined to determine why graduate students often lack professional confidence, promise, and maturity. A review of professional development literature indicates possible problems. The student who lacks professional and occupational objectives, commitment, and works at less than full potential is described in section I. Section II discusses lack of graduate program standardization, unstructured curriculum, competitive grading, and student exploitation as sources of the problem. Section III describes the central cause of student problems as a double bind, consisting of the contradictory communications that sociology is a discipline of shapeless complexity and that the primary goal of the graduate student is to tie up all loose ends. These two communications, entitled the fallacy of shapeless complexity and the fallacy of closure, are characterized in sections IV and V, followed by solutions to the problem in section VI. The solution is to improve student and faculty awareness of and communication about the double bind and then to attempt practical reform of examination procedures, degree requirements, and knowledge development. References are included in the document. (Author/DB)

The socialization of sociology graduate students is examined to determine why graduate students often lack professional confidence, promise, and maturity. A review of professional development literature indicates possible problems. The student who lacks professional and occupational objectives, commitment, and works at less than full potential is described in section I. Section II discusses lack of graduate program standardization, unstructured curriculum, competitive grading, and student exploitation as sources of the problem. Section III describes the central cause of student problems as a double bind, consisting of the contradictory communications that sociology is a discipline of shapeless complexity and that the primary goal of the graduate student is to tie up all loose ends. These two communications, entitled the fallacy of shapeless complexity and the fallacy of closure, are characterized in sections IV and V, followed by solutions to the problem in section VI. The solution is to improve student and faculty awareness of and communication about the double bind and then to attempt practical reform of examination procedures, degree requirements, and knowledge development. References are included in the document. (Author/DB)

Runway incursions and other surface incidents are known to be significant threats to aviation safety and efficiency. Though the number of near mid-air collisions in U.S. air space has remained unchanged during the last five years, the number of runway incursions has increased and they are almost all due to human error. The three most common factors contributing to air traffic controller and pilot error in airport operations include two that involve failed auditory communication. This project addressed the problems of auditory communication in air traffic control from an acoustical standpoint, by establishing an acoustics laboratory designed for this purpose and initiating research into selected topics that show promise for improving voice communications between air traffic controllers and pilots.

Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Texas at Austin, January 1970

Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Texas at Austin, January 1970

9 pages ; 28 cm

9 pages ; 28 cm

2019Feb28 -   Communication Skills, Reading Skills, Writing Skills, Listening and Thinking Skills - Skills Development Training Programme - Agriculture Extension Service Provider -  organized at Extension Education Institute (Southern Region), EEI, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, at Professor Jaishanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, Telangana This is a live audio recording of a session on   Communication Skills, Reading Skills, Writing Skills, Listening and Thinking Skills, in Telugu, conducted in an interactive manner. A power point presentation was used, and those who are interested in having a copy of the same are requested to drop a line: [email protected] The participants were informed that they can easily access many more live audio recordings and ppts by visiting www.viswam.info You are most welcome to give your valuable feedback : [email protected]

The Information and Communication Technologies exercise a great impact on the ways people work, communicate and interact, and contribute considerably to the development of learners' skills. However, the use of Information and Communication Technologies cannot lead to the development of high-order skills and of critical thinking, if not combined with the appropriate teaching methods. In the light of the above, the aim of the present research is to identify and record Primary School teachers' beliefs about the impact of Information and Communication Technologies on the enhancement of critical thinking. An analysis of the skills taught within the Greek educational context and considered to be necessary for the development of critical thinking, is also provided. The data elicitation tool is a questionnaire devised for the needs of the specific research and the sample is comprised by 118 Primary School teachers working on the Greek island of Lesvos.

This study was designed to determine the impact of different approaches to art making on language acquisition and communication skill development in urban, public elementary school English Language Learners (ELLs) who speak a variety of languages. As determined by suggestions from studies previously conducted (Eubanks, 2002, Spina, 2006, Ingraham and Nuttall, 2016) and curricula (The New York State Education Department Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies, 2010) intended to support language acquisition and communication skill development in ELLs, the author has chosen to study small group collaboration, large group collaboration, and choice based art making to determine the impact of best practices of three common art teaching strategies on three ELL students in her classroom. The author found all three strategies effective in supporting language acquisition and communication skill development in public, urban, elementary school ELLs.

This paper examines the problem of how to reconcile the practical realities of the nature of the mass audience with the demands of personal and social development, particularly in Africa and other Third World Countries, where the demands of modernization have confronted traditional norms and values. After defining and clarifying key concepts such as development, communication, mass communication, mass society, mass audience, and types of audience participation, the paper explores the relationship between the mass media and the mass audience, and discusses the effects of the media in terms of conflict theory, social criticism, and the theories of ideological effects. The paper asserts that the agenda setting power of the mass media results in a non-spontaneous mass culture which pacifies and stupefies the masses instead of educating them, and argues that under these conditions, modernization can be achieved only in terms of physical development, and not in human and socio-cultural dimensions. The paper suggests that participation is a key element in development, and supports this idea with the positive results of a pilot project in which the Western Nigeria Broadcasting Corporation involved members of rural villages in its programming, production, and presentation. Finally, the paper advocates the Democratic-Participant Media theory which: (1) is based on the demassification of media messages and contents so that they become situation and community or group specific and directly relevant to individual communities or groups; and (2) assists in inducing critical thinking that helps ensure intelligent decisions and builds up the people's self-confidence. (Three tables are included; 23 references are attached.) (PRA)

Conscious and balanced use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is one of the main foundations of the concept put forward as new economy. Studies on the forming process of new economy in Turkey are conducted, but failures are also experienced in forming an accurate policy in terms of information, technology and innovation. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictions and decisions with regard to information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development plans of Turkey and make an investigation in parallel to this. For this purpose, document analysis technique was employed in the research, and content analysis was used for the data analysis. Themes emerging from the data analysis were analyzed in terms of problem, purpose and application policies in the development plans. In this context, the results of the study revealed that problem, purpose and application policies with regard to technology production, technology development, technology policy, technology plan, and information and communication technologies were not included at all in the 1st and 2nd development plans. Moreover, it was found out that technology policies were first emphasized in the 3rd Development Plan in terms of purpose and application, and a technology plan was first emphasized in the 5th Development Plan as purpose. As for the information and communication technologies, it was first involved in the 8th Development Plan. Therefore, it was concluded that Turkey has latched on to the policies still valid today in the Information, Technology and Research field from the very beginning; however, failed to practice them in real life. The findings of the study are discussed with their causes and effects in Turkey. (Contains 5 tables.)

The relevance of research: The relevance of the problem studied is caused by the acceleration of transition of the Russian economy on an innovative way of development, which depends on the vector of innovative sphere of services and, to a large extent, information and communication services, as well as it is caused by the poor drafting of methodical approaches to the effectiveness's evaluation of the processes of information and communication services' commercialization. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to develop a methodic to assess the relationship of basic indicators of projects of information and communication services' development. Methods of the study: The basic methods of research are methods of stochastic factor analysis, method of pair correlation, multiple correlation analysis, matrix models and mathematical modeling. Results of the study: Based on the analysis of traditional methodic for assessing of the cost-effectiveness of projects of information and communication systems' development the paper offers combined method to estimate the dependencies of financial indicators' basic parameters of projects on long-term development of mobile operators in providing of information and communication services. Practical significance: The paper is intended for researchers, teachers and undergraduates studying the problems to assess the effectiveness of the projects' commercialization in the service sector, particularly, in the development of information and communication services, as well as for specialists--mobile operators, engaged in the problems of development projects' investment and implementation.

Legal communication plays a critical role in development by shaping access to justice, policy implementation, and legal empowerment. This paper explores the intersection of law and development through a case study approach, emphasizing the importance of clear legal communication in governance, economic stability, and human rights protection. It examines theories of legal development, barriers to effective legal communication, and real-world case studies that demonstrate its impact on marginalized communities. The paper highlights the role of legal frameworks in economic growth and social justice, analyzing how governments, NGOs, and international organizations use legal communication to foster development. By addressing cultural, linguistic, and technological challenges, the study underscores the necessity of inclusive legal communication strategies in promoting equitable legal systems. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on legal communication’s role in sustainable development and propose strategies to enhance legal literacy, access to justice, and policy effectiveness worldwide. 

Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va

This article is from BMC Medical Education , volume 12 . Abstract Background: There is a relative lack of current research on the effects of specific communication training offered at the beginning of the medical degree program. The newly developed communication training "Basics and Practice in Communication Skills" was pilot tested in 2008 and expanded in the following year at the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany. The goal was to promote and improve the communicative skills of participants and show the usefulness of an early offered intervention on patient-physician communication within the medical curriculum. Methods: The students participating in the project and a comparison group of students from the standard degree program were surveyed at the beginning and end of the courses. The survey consisted of a self-assessment of their skills as well as a standardised expert rating and an evaluation of the modules by means of a questionnaire. Results: Students who attended the communication skills course exhibited a considerable increase of communication skills in this newly developed training. It was also observed that students in the intervention group had a greater degree of self-assessed competence following training than the medical students in the comparison group. This finding is also reflected in the results from a standardised objective measure. Conclusions: The empirical results of the study showed that the training enabled students to acquire specialised competence in communication through the course of a newly developed training program. These findings will be used to establish new communication training at the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf.

This article is from BMC Neuroscience , volume 15 . Abstract None

This article is from BMC Neuroscience , volume 15 . Abstract None

A SAMPLE OF THIRTEEN, SEVERELY INVOLVED, CEREBRAL PALSIED CLIENTS (12 CHILDREN, ONE ADULT) PARTICIPATED IN THIS STUDY. DEGREE OF NEUROMOTOR DISABILITY WAS DETERMINED BY A SCALE BASED ON ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING. A PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION WAS MADE OF ALL SUBJECTS IN THE STUDY. SUBJECTS WERE EVALUATED IN THEIR USE OF ELECTRONIC SWITCHES CONNECTED TO VARIOUS OUTPUT DEVICES RANGING IN COMPLEXITY FROM A SIMPLE SERIES OF LIGHTS TO A SPECIALLY MODIFIED ELECTRIC TYPEWRITER. SUCCESSFUL USE OF THESE DEVICES HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR RECREATION, EDUCATION, COMMUNICATION, AND THERAPY. SWITCH CONTROLS THAT WERE DEVELOPED INCLUDED A JOYSTICK, A SET OF MERCURY SWITCHES MOUNTED ON A HAT, A MINIATURE JOYSTICK HELD BETWEEN THE TEETH AND OPERATED BY THE TONGUE, A PNEUMATIC CONTROL HEMISPHERICAL JOYSTICK FOR A PALMAR SURFACE CONTROL, SEVERAL MAGNETICALLY ACTIVATED DEVICES, AND A HORN BUTTON SWITCH. OUTPUT DEVICES INCLUDED A DISPLAY BOARD WITH FOUR LIGHTBULBS, ETCH-A-SKETCH DRAWING TOY, STRIP PROJECTOR AND ELECTRIC TYPEWRITER CONTROL DEVICE. SUBJECTS WERE EVALUATED ON TIME LAPSE BETWEEN REQUEST FOR RESPONSE AND RESPONSE AND ADEQUACY OF RESPONSE. THE APPENDIXES INCLUDE ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING EVALUATION FORM, INFORMATION ON SUBJECTS TESTED, AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES TESTED. (GB)

As the demand for mobile wireless network increases, the radio spectrum becomes an increasingly more precious resource. This dissertation explores two important problems to increase the efficiency of radio spectral usage. The first is a novel transmitting scheme for a multicarrier relay system with direct link between source and destination. This scheme dynamically distributes the power at both the source and relay nodes between two transmitting phases and among multiple carriers according to channel state information. The second is an exploration of several new methods for practical realization of full-duplex radio communication. Among them are a time-domain transmit beamforming method and an all-analog adaptive radio interference cancellation. Critical hardware issues such as phase noise, IQ imbalance and nonlinearity are handled in our exploration. This dissertation contains results of algorithmic development, computer simulation as well as hardware implementation.

In May 2011 "Nursery World" and the National Literacy Trust launched its language development survey to celebrate Hello; the national year of communication. The National Literacy Trust teamed up with "Nursery World" to carry out research into the sector's support for children's language and literacy development. Two hundred twenty one early years professionals participated in this survey, which was online from April to May 2011. When asked how many people work at their setting, the majority (35%) indicated they come from small settings with up to only 5 other colleagues. However, nearly a quarter indicated they worked with over 20 other people, while a fifth either worked in settings with 5 to 10 other people or with up to 20 other colleagues. The respondents that reported numbers of 100 children or more were mostly working in children's centres, meaning the numbers reported reflect the number of children that come through the centre in the course of a week. A third of the respondents were working in reception classes, nursery classes and nursery schools, meaning that the children they worked with were almost exclusively 3 and 4 year olds. Overall, professionals working in home settings appear to be more confident in identifying and supporting children with language difficulties than professional working in group settings. However, professionals working in group settings feel more confident in supporting children with English as an Additional Language than do professionals working in home settings. (Contains 8 figures and 2 tables.)

This paper focuses on integrating "educational" and "training" approaches in the Communication Training and Development classroom. The paper discusses distinctions between the two approaches and the implications for instructors of the course. It offers 10 concrete suggestions for navigating between communication "education" and communication "training" approaches. According to the paper, "education" includes topics such as: adult learning theories, the scope and field of communication training and development, societal issues impacting training and development, organizational dynamics and politics, qualitative and quantitative approaches to needs assessment and evaluation, ethical issues in training and development, training modes, and training resources and technologies; in the"train-the-trainer" mode the instructor is required to provide/reinforce training in: interpersonal communication skills, presentation foundations, conducting needs assessment, techniques for measuring training and development outcomes, administering instruments, responding to trainees, and so on. (Contains 22 suggested resources.) (NKA)

An interdisciplinary course in health communication can begin to bridge the gap in knowledge between different health care disciplines and provide epistemological gains for both health care practitioners and communication scholars. Possible topics include patient interviewing, health education, practitioner/patient relationships, health care teams, therapeutic communication, health care ethics, and communication in health care organizations. In health education training, health care providers are instructed how to describe and explain complex health care topics and procedures clearly and explicitly. The practitioner/patient relationship is examined as a crucial issue in health care provision, and poor health care relationships are identified as a primary cause of many current problems in the health care system. The importance of developing effective health care teams is examined in light of the growing specialization and complexity of modern health care practice. Therapeutic communication is identified as a key communication characteristic of helping, and health care is characterized as a helping profession. Ethics in health communication are examined as moral evaluations of the correctness of health care behaviors, and health care organizations are presented as the primary social systems for the delivery of health care services to the public in the modern world. (HOD)

Educationally successful electronic network activities involving microcomputers and long-distance networks include a student newswire, joint social science projects, and joint science projects. A newswire activity, such as "The Computer Chronicles," can provide a wide range of audiences for writing, a functional environment for reading, and a context for evaluating the writing of oneself and others. Joint social science projects carried out by middle and high school students and teachers at sites in California, Israel, Japan, Alaska, and Mexico have involved students in comparing educational systems across sites, analyzing the news coverage of the "same" event at the different sites, and surveying popular music at the different locations. Joint science projects currently are being organized in which students collect data on some shared problem, jointly analyze the data, and report findings. Not only is this a "functional learning environment" for science instruction, but it also may be a powerful way to teach problem solving. In the longer run, these kinds of joint activities can become a central part of the educational experience. The dynamic support provided by computers and computer networks may make it economically feasible to include an "apprenticeship" model for learning as a central part of our educational system. (RH)

St. Louis Community College-Meramec (SLCC-Meramec) is a metropolitan community college offering associate degrees, transfer, and certificate programs. Because of an anticipated increase in public speaking enrollment, the Communications Department Chair at SLCC-Meramec wanted to upgrade and improve the public speaking course content and methodology. A 5-phase project was used to develop a plan for incorporating gender communication content and gender-fair teaching methodologies into the public speaking course at SLCC-Meramec. The first phase consisted of completing a series of literature reviews in response to four research questions. The second phase included an analysis of public speaking materials currently available and the instructional methods presently used in the communications classes. The third phase included the development and the distribution of a questionnaire to male and female professional speakers in the St. Louis area to determine gender differences in public speaking and the preferred methods of instruction. Questions were developed to note perceived gender differences in public speaking styles, and respondents were asked to provide suggestions for improving instruction. The fourth phase consisted of the development and execution of in-depth interviews to solicit information regarding male and female speaking styles, male and female preference for public speaking instruction and methodology, and the impact of gender differences on speaking styles. The fifth phase consisted of the development of a plan for making recommendations to the Communications Department at SLCC-Meramec to incorporate gender communication content and gender-fair teaching methodologies into the public speaking course. (Contains a 325-item bibliography.) (NKA)

1To the Gnat

By Samuel Rogers

LibriVox volunteers bring you 15 recordings of To The Gnat by Samuel Rogers. This was the Weekly Poetry project for May 19, 2013.<br><br>Some comments from our readers.. "It might seem a tad mellow dramatic, but if you live in the country as I do, this might just resonate. Here it is the mosquito that presents as my mortal enemy, and if it infiltrates my room at night, there is no sleeping until it has been vanquished. (Arielph)<br>"Coming from Scotland as I do where we have the dreaded Midgie, which feels like it has the teeth of a Doberman, I can sympathize with the poet on his anticipation of a sleepless night." (RMac01)<br>"with midgies to the left of me, midgies to the right of me, I feel for Samuel Rogers!" (jannie)

2Modern Scottish Minstrel

By Charles Rogers

Subtitled "Songs of Scotland of the Past Half-Century, with Memoirs of the Poets, and Sketches and Specimens in English Verse of the Most Celebrated Modern Gaelic Bards." (Summary by Chairlie)

3Elementary Theosophy

By L. W. Rogers

This book provides the basics of Theosophy and perhaps the beginning of a life long journey. Theosophy comes from the ancient wisdom that man and nature are as inseparable from the universe as the universe is inseparable from man and nature. It is a science and a philosophy, not a religion which depends on (dogma) faith. Knowledge gained through the study of Theosophy comes from the understanding of natural laws and harmony of the universe. Rogers shows us why we cannot separate ourselves from God (universe); the evolution of the soul; rebirth after physical death; why we don’t remember past lives and much more. If you’ve ever questioned why we are here or what happens when we die, the study of Theosophy may provide answers. (Summary by kirk202)

4Trees Every Child Should Know

By Julia Ellen Rogers

The best time to being to study the trees is to-day! The place to begin is right where you are, provided there is a tree near enough, for a lesson about trees will be very dull unless there is a tree to look at, to ask questions of, and to get answers from. (Julia Rogers)

5American Big-Game Hunting

By George S. Anderson, Winthrop Chanler, Oscar F. C. Crocker, Walter Bourchier Devereux, George Bird Grinnell, Arnold Hague, W. D. Pickett, Archibald Rogers, Theodore Roosevelt, Bronson Rumsey, Dean Sage, Roger D. Williams and Owen Wister

The first book published by The Boone and Crockett Club founded by Theodore Roosevelt and George Grinnell, who declared in their Editors Note: "Hunting big game in the wilderness is, above all things, a sport for a vigorous and masterful people. The rifle-bearing hunter, whether he goes on foot or on horseback, whether he voyages in a canoe or travels with a dog-sled, must be sound of body and firm of mind, and must possess energy, resolution, manliness, self-reliance, and capacity for hardy self-help. In short, the big-game hunter must possess qualities without which no race can do its life-work well; and these are the very qualities which it is the purpose of this Club, so far as may be, to develop and foster."<br /><br /> A bit outdated as to the equipment they used, this book is nevertheless an intense look at the west in early days, and at the beginnings of the conservationist movement in America. Each chapter focuses on a different animal, from buffalo, mountain goat, elk, pronghorn sheep, grizzlies, etc., indigenous peoples, different areas like the Rockies and Yellowstone, and it still captures the essence of the spirit of the hunt.<br /><br /> The book ends with a list of the club's original 100 members, a veritable Who's Who of Generals, Colonels, Doctors, Senators and Representatives, amongst them that most illustrious Gen'l William T. Sherman. ( ~ Michele Fry, read by LibriVox Volunteers)

6Cruising Voyage Around the World

By Woodes Rogers

First to the South-seas, Thence to the East-Indies, and Homewards by the Cape of Good Hope. Begun in 1708, and Finish'd in 1711. Containing a Journal of All the Remarkable Transactions; Particularly, of the Taking of Puna and Guiaquil, of the Acapulco Ship, and Other Prizes; an Account of Alexander Selkirk's Living Alone Four Years and Four Months in an Island; and a Brief Description of Several Countries in Our Course Noted for Trade, Especially in the South-sea. With Maps of All the Coast, from the Best Spanish Manuscript Draughts. And an Introduction Relating to the South-sea Trade. (Woodes Rogers) </br></br> The story of the first privateer and his adventures; including the account of Alexander Selkirk's living alone on an island off Chile which formed the background to Robinson Crusoe. (Kim)

Samuel Rogers was a renowned conversationalist who associated with the most distinguished persons of his time. This volume contains fascinating source material for the social and literary history of Great Britain over the span of his long life. - Summary by barbara2

8Law and Medical Men

By Robert Vashon Rogers

The idea that in the library of nearly every prac­ti­tion­er in the pro­fes­sions of both Physic and Law there has been for some time a small gap among the books, which could be filled by a little work like this now submitted, has induced the author to prepare and publish the following pages. While it is hoped that this little work will prove of use to the members of the Legal and Medical Professions, it is intended to be suggestive rather than exhaustive—a primer not an encyclopædia; and it is not expected that it will obviate the necessity for frequent conferences between physicians and lawyers whenever, in the practice of either, questions arise requiring the experience of the other. In most cases the very words of the judges and reporters have been used, and if any expressions are noticed that may be deemed over strong it will be found that they are the words of others: the author’s aim has been rather to act as an humble compiler and citer of cases, than to obtrude opinions or theories of his own. Brief chapters on Dentists and Druggists have been given because of the intimate connection between these gentlemen and the members of the medical profession. With great diffidence this book is committed to the tender mercies of the critics of these two learned professions—to those who can so effectually wield the pen, the tongue and the scalpel. - Summary by Robert Vashon Rogers - from the preface

9Book of American Negro Poetry

By Otto Leland Bohanan, William Stanley Braithwaite, Benjamin Griffith Brawley, James Edwin Campbell, Waverly Turner Carmichael, James David Corrothers, Joseph S. Cotter, Jr., Ray G. Dandridge, Daniel Webster Davis, R. Nathaniel Dett, W. E. B. Du Bois, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Alice Dunbar Nelson, Jessie R. Fauset, Leslie Pinckney Hill, John Wesley Holloway, Roscoe C. Jamison, James Weldon Johnson, Fenton Johnson, Charles Bertram Johnson, Georgia Douglas Johnson, Edward Smyth Jones, Joshua Henry Jones, Jr., George Reginald Margetson, George Marion McClellan, Claude McKay, William H. A. Moore, Alex Rogers, Theodore Henry Shackelford, Anne Spencer and Lucian B. Watkins

The Book of American Negro Poetry is one of the earliest and most essential anthologies of African-American verse ever brought to print. Edited by writer and diplomat James Weldon Johnson, this collection was published with the hope of bringing to the public a greater awareness of the art and literature created by Black writers. This is the first edition of this long-republished anthology and collects seminal works by Paul Dunbar, W.E.B. Du Bois, Claude McKay, Leslie Hill, James Corrothers, and many more. - Summary by ChuckW

10Wish

By Samuel Rogers

Samuel Rogers was an English poet, during his lifetime one of the most celebrated, although his fame has long since been eclipsed by his Romantic colleagues and friends Wordsworth, Coleridge and Byron. His recollections of these and other friends such as Charles James Fox are key sources for information about London artistic and literary life, with which he was intimate, and which he used his wealth to support. He made his money as a banker and was also a discriminating art collector. - Summary by Wikipedia

11Reminiscences Of A Workhouse Medical Officer

By Joseph Rogers

Joseph Rogers (1821-1889) was an English physician, medical officer, and health care reformer in London. The system of poor-law dispensaries and separate sick wards, with proper staffs of medical attendants and nurses, was due to the efforts of Rogers and his colleagues. His memoir, published in 1889, contains an informative biography written by his brother. His career was not without conflict as his zeal sometimes offended governing boards. - Summary by David Wales

12On A Tear

By Samuel Rogers

LibriVox volunteers bring you 13 recordings of On A Tear By Samuel Rogers.<br> This was the Weekly Poetry project for March 12, 2022. <br> ------<br> Our poet reflects on the magical mysteries of a woman's tears. (David Lawrence)

13Illiterate Digest

By Will Rogers

In The Illiterate Digest, the renowned humorist Will Rogers makes incisive commentary on American society, from etiquette to politics. <br>Summary by S. Emily Lee

14Self-Development and the Way to Power

By L. W. Rogers

"We may be either the suffering slaves of nature or the happy masters of her laws." The author explores why we suffer, why we have enemies, and why the development of higher consciousness is essential for our evolution. - Summary by Helen Johnson

Hester Ann Rogers was a woman of extraordinary faith in the age of early Methodism. After a powerful conversion at a young age, against the wishes of her family, she lived a life of complete devotion and walked closer to God in more spiritual joy and love than Christians generally think possible. Her rich personal experience made her a skilled guide for those who sought sanctification by faith alone. This book includes Rogers' own spiritual biography, sermons and poems occasioned by her death and a selection of her spiritual letters. - Summary by Gnarpsbaden