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Presented are the findings of a national health examination survey of uncorrected and corrected monocular and binocular visual acuity of 7,514 noninstitutionalized youth 12 to 17 years of age analyzed with respect to age, sex, race, geographic region, size of place of residence, and annual family income. Among findings reported are that 70 0/0 of the youths had at least normal unaided binocular distance acuity, that four percent of the sample were unable to read at the 20/200 level unaided, that boys had better binocular distance acuity than girls, the 34 0/0 of the sample were reported to wear glasses or contact lenses, that Negro adolescents had better unaided visual acuity than white adolescents, that the prevalence of normal unaided acuity was greatest in the South, and that youths from families with income of less than $3,000 per year had better unaided visual than youths from families with incomes of $5,000 or more. Detailed tables supporting the findings are given. (DB)

Presented are the findings of a national health examination survey of uncorrected and corrected monocular and binocular visual acuity of 7,514 noninstitutionalized youth 12 to 17 years of age analyzed with respect to age, sex, race, geographic region, size of place of residence, and annual family income. Among findings reported are that 70 0/0 of the youths had at least normal unaided binocular distance acuity, that four percent of the sample were unable to read at the 20/200 level unaided, that boys had better binocular distance acuity than girls, the 34 0/0 of the sample were reported to wear glasses or contact lenses, that Negro adolescents had better unaided visual acuity than white adolescents, that the prevalence of normal unaided acuity was greatest in the South, and that youths from families with income of less than $3,000 per year had better unaided visual than youths from families with incomes of $5,000 or more. Detailed tables supporting the findings are given. (DB)

As borders between different regions, lines are an important element of natural images. Already at the level of the mammalian primary visual cortex (V1), neurons respond best to lines of a given orientation. We reduce a set of images to linear segments and analyze their statistical properties. In particular, appropriately defined Fourier spectra show more power in their transverse component than in the longitudinal one. We then characterize filters that are best suited for extracting information from such images, and find some qualitative consistency with neural connections in V1. We also demonstrate that such filters are efficient in reconstructing missing lines in an image.

David Sepkoski from Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, delivers a talk titled \"Narrating the Past with Data: Cameralism, Natural History, and the Visual Language of Statistics in the Nineteenth Century.\" This talk was included in the session titled \"Envisioning Data from the Early Modern to the Nineteenth Century.\" Part of \"Histories of Data and the Database,\" a conference held at The Huntington Nov. 18-19, 2016.

David Sepkoski from Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, delivers a talk titled \"Narrating the Past with Data: Cameralism, Natural History, and the Visual Language of Statistics in the Nineteenth Century.\" This talk was included in the session titled \"Envisioning Data from the Early Modern to the Nineteenth Century.\" Part of \"Histories of Data and the Database,\" a conference held at The Huntington Nov. 18-19, 2016.

How humans sample visual information with their eyes differs widely between different people: Some people show more frequent or larger eye movements than others. In addition, humans show interindividual differences in their ability to discern visual information in the peripheral part of the retina. Can the differences in visual sampling behavior be explained by differences in peripheral sensitivity? Here, we outline a study aimed at investigating this research question. Human observers will complete a psychophysical task, used to quantify their individual contrast sensitivity function. Using the results of this task, we will extract a measure for participant's individual peak peripheral sensitivity, and relate this measure to gaze statistics during exploration of images, showing naturalistic visual scenes, and during visual search. We hypothesize a relationship between peripheral sensitivity, length of saccade amplitudes, fixation durations, and saccade rates.

This report summarizes statistical data relating to children with visual impairments, including incidence, causes, and education. Data include: (1) prevalence estimates that indicate 1 percent of persons under the age of 18 in the United States have a visual impairment that cannot be corrected with glasses; (2) the leading cause of childhood blindness is a vitamin A deficiency; (3) 24,877 students aged 6-21 received vision services during 1994 to 1995, representing .5 percent of all students receiving services; (4) students with visual impairments were more likely than other students with disabilities to have an A average in high school and to meet or exceed requirements in English, math, foreign languages, and computer science; (5) the average per pupil expenditure for programs in visual impairment for 1985-1986 was $4,068 for preschool, $6,181 for self-contained classrooms, and $3,395 for resource rooms; and (6) only 29 percent of youth with visual impairments were competitively employed 3-5 years following secondary school. (Contains 32 references.) (CR)

Cadieu et al. (Cadieu,2014) reported that deep neural networks(DNNs) could rival the representation of primate inferotemporal cortex for object recognition. Lehky et al. (Lehky,2011) provided a statistical analysis on neural responses to object stimuli in primate AIT cortex. They found the intrinsic dimensionality of object representations in AIT cortex is around 100 (Lehky,2014). Considering the outstanding performance of DNNs in object recognition, it is worthwhile investigating whether the responses of DNN neurons have similar response statistics to those of AIT neurons. Following Lehky et al.'s works, we analyze the response statistics to image stimuli and the intrinsic dimensionality of object representations of DNN neurons. Our findings show in terms of kurtosis and Pareto tail index, the response statistics on single-neuron selectivity and population sparseness of DNN neurons are fundamentally different from those of IT neurons except some special cases. By increasing the number of neurons and stimuli, the conclusions could alter substantially. In addition, with the ascendancy of the convolutional layers of DNNs, the single-neuron selectivity and population sparseness of DNN neurons increase, indicating the last convolutional layer is to learn features for object representations, while the following fully-connected layers are to learn categorization features. It is also found that a sufficiently large number of stimuli and neurons are necessary for obtaining a stable dimensionality. To our knowledge, this is the first work to analyze the response statistics of DNN neurons comparing with AIT neurons, and our results provide not only some insights into the discrepancy of DNN neurons with respect to IT neurons in object representation, but also shed some light on possible outcomes of IT neurons when the number of recorded neurons and stimuli is beyond the level in (Lehky,2011,2014).

Cadieu et al. (Cadieu,2014) reported that deep neural networks(DNNs) could rival the representation of primate inferotemporal cortex for object recognition. Lehky et al. (Lehky,2011) provided a statistical analysis on neural responses to object stimuli in primate AIT cortex. They found the intrinsic dimensionality of object representations in AIT cortex is around 100 (Lehky,2014). Considering the outstanding performance of DNNs in object recognition, it is worthwhile investigating whether the responses of DNN neurons have similar response statistics to those of AIT neurons. Following Lehky et al.'s works, we analyze the response statistics to image stimuli and the intrinsic dimensionality of object representations of DNN neurons. Our findings show in terms of kurtosis and Pareto tail index, the response statistics on single-neuron selectivity and population sparseness of DNN neurons are fundamentally different from those of IT neurons except some special cases. By increasing the number of neurons and stimuli, the conclusions could alter substantially. In addition, with the ascendancy of the convolutional layers of DNNs, the single-neuron selectivity and population sparseness of DNN neurons increase, indicating the last convolutional layer is to learn features for object representations, while the following fully-connected layers are to learn categorization features. It is also found that a sufficiently large number of stimuli and neurons are necessary for obtaining a stable dimensionality. To our knowledge, this is the first work to analyze the response statistics of DNN neurons comparing with AIT neurons, and our results provide not only some insights into the discrepancy of DNN neurons with respect to IT neurons in object representation, but also shed some light on possible outcomes of IT neurons when the number of recorded neurons and stimuli is beyond the level in (Lehky,2011,2014).

Cadieu et al. (Cadieu,2014) reported that deep neural networks(DNNs) could rival the representation of primate inferotemporal cortex for object recognition. Lehky et al. (Lehky,2011) provided a statistical analysis on neural responses to object stimuli in primate AIT cortex. They found the intrinsic dimensionality of object representations in AIT cortex is around 100 (Lehky,2014). Considering the outstanding performance of DNNs in object recognition, it is worthwhile investigating whether the responses of DNN neurons have similar response statistics to those of AIT neurons. Following Lehky et al.'s works, we analyze the response statistics to image stimuli and the intrinsic dimensionality of object representations of DNN neurons. Our findings show in terms of kurtosis and Pareto tail index, the response statistics on single-neuron selectivity and population sparseness of DNN neurons are fundamentally different from those of IT neurons except some special cases. By increasing the number of neurons and stimuli, the conclusions could alter substantially. In addition, with the ascendancy of the convolutional layers of DNNs, the single-neuron selectivity and population sparseness of DNN neurons increase, indicating the last convolutional layer is to learn features for object representations, while the following fully-connected layers are to learn categorization features. It is also found that a sufficiently large number of stimuli and neurons are necessary for obtaining a stable dimensionality. To our knowledge, this is the first work to analyze the response statistics of DNN neurons comparing with AIT neurons, and our results provide not only some insights into the discrepancy of DNN neurons with respect to IT neurons in object representation, but also shed some light on possible outcomes of IT neurons when the number of recorded neurons and stimuli is beyond the level in (Lehky,2011,2014).

Cadieu et al. (Cadieu,2014) reported that deep neural networks(DNNs) could rival the representation of primate inferotemporal cortex for object recognition. Lehky et al. (Lehky,2011) provided a statistical analysis on neural responses to object stimuli in primate AIT cortex. They found the intrinsic dimensionality of object representations in AIT cortex is around 100 (Lehky,2014). Considering the outstanding performance of DNNs in object recognition, it is worthwhile investigating whether the responses of DNN neurons have similar response statistics to those of AIT neurons. Following Lehky et al.'s works, we analyze the response statistics to image stimuli and the intrinsic dimensionality of object representations of DNN neurons. Our findings show in terms of kurtosis and Pareto tail index, the response statistics on single-neuron selectivity and population sparseness of DNN neurons are fundamentally different from those of IT neurons except some special cases. By increasing the number of neurons and stimuli, the conclusions could alter substantially. In addition, with the ascendancy of the convolutional layers of DNNs, the single-neuron selectivity and population sparseness of DNN neurons increase, indicating the last convolutional layer is to learn features for object representations, while the following fully-connected layers are to learn categorization features. It is also found that a sufficiently large number of stimuli and neurons are necessary for obtaining a stable dimensionality. To our knowledge, this is the first work to analyze the response statistics of DNN neurons comparing with AIT neurons, and our results provide not only some insights into the discrepancy of DNN neurons with respect to IT neurons in object representation, but also shed some light on possible outcomes of IT neurons when the number of recorded neurons and stimuli is beyond the level in (Lehky,2011,2014).

The experience of retinex image processing has prompted us to reconsider fundamental aspects of imaging and image processing. Foremost is the idea that a good visual representation requires a non-linear transformation of the recorded (approximately linear) image data. Further, this transformation appears to converge on a specific distribution. Here we investigate the connection between numerical and visual phenomena. Specifically the questions explored are: (1) Is there a well-defined consistent statistical character associated with good visual representations (2) Does there exist an ideal visual image And (3) what are its statistical properties

Treating the camera as an information technology, this essay shows how the camera is a powerful theoretical disquisition on the nature of form, realism, and scientific vision. The first section presents a history of form, separate from matter, as something collectible in a library or museum. The second section discusses the photograph as a rival to painting and as the culmination of the western theory of painting which was influenced by mimesis and the "camera obscura." The third section presents the influence of photographic form on the Platonic concept of the noumenal form. The final section argues that in the early days of the modern statistical mind, visual-photographic processes were essentially statistical and that the statistical process, as a mental process, was essentially visual and photographic. (SRT)

Using data from recent national disability surveys in Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, South Africa, and the United States, an international team of researchers coded indicators of several types of disability using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. This article discusses the Disability Tabulations (DISTAB) project and presents and evaluates the estimates of the prevalence of visual impairments.

Using data from recent national disability surveys in Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, South Africa, and the United States, an international team of researchers coded indicators of several types of disability using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. This article discusses the Disability Tabulations (DISTAB) project and presents and evaluates the estimates of the prevalence of visual impairments.

Using data from recent national disability surveys in Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, South Africa, and the United States, an international team of researchers coded indicators of several types of disability using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. This article discusses the Disability Tabulations (DISTAB) project and presents and evaluates the estimates of the prevalence of visual impairments.

The experience of retinex image processing has prompted us to reconsider fundamental aspects of imaging and image processing. Foremost is the idea that a good visual representation requires a non-linear transformation of the recorded (approximately linear) image data. Further, this transformation appears to converge on a specific distribution. Here we investigate the connection between numerical and visual phenomena. Specifically the questions explored are: (1) Is there a well-defined consistent statistical character associated with good visual representations? (2) Does there exist an ideal visual image? And (3) what are its statistical properties?

Shipunov, Alexey. Visual statistics. Use R! February 9, 2020 version. 449 pp. URL: http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/school/biol_240/en/ This book is dedicated to the public domain

The use of visual aids is expected to have a positive effect on students' learning. However, not all visual aids work equally well. A recent meta-analytic research which examined 42 studies has found that the use of animated visuals does not facilitate learning (Anglin, Vaez & Cunnincham, 2004). The failure of visual aids can be attributed to factors such as violating the congruence and apprehension principle, lacking appropriate control functions, and mediation by individual characteristics. Across the board, researchers note the lack of appropriate user-control functions as the key factor. Interactivity, or the user-control mechanisms of animation, is pointed out as a factor for users to better apprehend the knowledge which the visual aid aims to deliver. The functions of stopping, starting and replaying allow students to reinspect the animation. Consequently, students can focus on specific parts and actions of the visual aid. In addition, animations that allow users to control close-ups, zooming, and speed are more likely to facilitate perception and comprehension (Tversky et al., 2002). This study focuses on creating an animated visual aid with appropriate self-controlled functions to better help students' learning of introductory statistics. We consider different levels of interaction for mediating students' individual differences.

Aerial images from the Follow-On Radar, Enhanced and Synthetic Vision Systems Integration Technology Evaluation (FORESITE) flight tests with the NASA Langley Research Center's research Boeing 757 were acquired during severe haze and haze/mixed clouds visibility conditions. These images were enhanced using the Visual Servo (VS) process that makes use of the Multiscale Retinex. The images were then quantified with visual quality metrics used internally with the VS. One of these metrics, the Visual Contrast Measure, has been computed for hundreds of FORESITE images, and for major classes of imaging--terrestrial (consumer), orbital Earth observations, orbital Mars surface imaging, NOAA aerial photographs, and underwater imaging. The metric quantifies both the degree of visual impairment of the original, un-enhanced images as well as the degree of visibility improvement achieved by the enhancement process. The large aggregate data exhibits trends relating to degree of atmospheric visibility attenuation, and its impact on limits of enhancement performance for the various image classes. Overall results support the idea that in most cases that do not involve extreme reduction in visibility, large gains in visual contrast are routinely achieved by VS processing. Additionally, for very poor visibility imaging, lesser, but still substantial, gains in visual contrast are also routinely achieved. Further, the data suggest that these visual quality metrics can be used as external standalone metrics for establishing performance parameters.

The aim of this research is to determine whether students' test performance and approaches to test questions change based on the type of mathematics questions (visual or verbal) administered to them. This research is based on a mixed-design model. The quantitative data are gathered from 297 seventh grade students, attending seven different middle schools in Cankaya, Ankara. Of all the students who participated in the research, qualitative data were gathered from 10 of them. In this research, seventh grade mathematics achievement test was developed by the researchers in visual and verbal forms. 10 of the students were selected and interviewed by utilizing semi-structured interview form. From the findings of the study, there was significant difference between the test scores and response time of the two forms in favor of visual form. The difference between item statistics is changeable in terms of the function of the visual. The results of the interviews showed that students have positive views toward visual questions. The students' perceptions of the use of visual in mathematics questions are examined in three main categories: preferability, comprehensiveness and responsibility of the questions.

Talk by Peter Loxley, of the University of New Mexico, Los Alamos Campus; and Center for Nonlinear Studies, LANL.  Given to the Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at UC Berkeley. Abstract: The two-dimensional Gabor function is adapted to natural image statistics by learning the joint distribution of the Gabor function parameters. This joint distribution is subsequently modeled to yield analytically-tractable generative models of simple-cell receptive fields. Learning a basis of Gabor functions takes an order of magnitude fewer computations than an equivalent non-parameterized basis. Derived learning rules are shown to be capable of adapting Gabor parameters to the statistics of images of man-made and natural environments. Different tuning strategies are found by controlling learning through the Gabor parameter learning rates. Two opposing strategies include either well-resolved orientation, or well-resolved spatial frequency. Three key Gabor parameters are found to be characterized by non-uniform marginal distributions with heavy tails, and strong correlations in the joint distribution. On image reconstruction, a generative Gabor model with fitted marginal distributions is shown to significantly outperform a Gabor model with uniformly sampled parameters. An additional increase in performance results when the correlations are modeled. However, the best generative model does not yet achieve the same performance as the learned model. A comparison with estimates for biological simple cells shows that the Gabor function adapted to natural image statistics correctly predicts many receptive field properties.

1Tragic Bride

By Francis Brett Young

The story centers on Gabrielle Hewish, only and lonely child of Sir Jocelyn Hewish, a loveable lush and owner of the peaceful Roscarna estate nestled in the Irish countryside. In due course, young Gabrielle falls in love with a Navy man whose untimely demise sends her into a depression, and the consequences of which alter her future, culminating in a fascinating and quite unpredictable relationship with Mrs. Payne and her troubled son Arthur. A story of understanding in it's finest sense and aptly titled, <i>The Tragic Bride</i> is both interesting as a story and telling as a character study. (Summary by Roger Melin)

2Knyght Ther Was

By Robert F. Young

"But the Knyght was a little less than perfect, and his horse did not have a metabolism, and his 'castle' was much more mobile - timewise! - than it had any business being!" In 2178, once time travel had become a simple task, it had also been outlawed. Those who chose to ingnore this law were known as time-thieves, and Tom Mallory was among the best of them. When he learns the precise whereabouts of the Holy Grail in 542, he sets out to obtain it with the intention of returning it to the 22nd century to make a handsome profit and to settle on Get-Rich-Quick Street. Off to the year 542 he travels to the castle of Carbonek where the great Knight Sir Launcelot is said to have possession of the Sangraal. (Summary by Roger Melin with quote from Analog Science Fact & Fiction July 1963)

3Ned, Bob and Jerry at Boxwood Hall; or, The Motor Boys as Freshmen

By Clarence Young

The seventeenth book in the popular "Motor Boys" series sees our heroes as college freshmen. Written under the house pseudonym of Clarence Young. - Summary by Lynne Thompson

4Complaint; or Night Thoughts

By Edward Young

A book-length poem, often associated with the Graveyard School of poetry, musing upon life and death. - Summary by Karen Joan Kohoutek

A collection of five stories all of which take place in the Adirondack Mountains of upstate New York, and most which contain elements of some mystery hidden deep within the forests. - Summary by Roger Melin

6Snow Storm

By Thomas Frederick Young

LibriVox volunteers bring you 15 recordings of A Snow Storm by T.F. Young.<br> This was the Weekly Poetry project for January 6, 2019. <br> ------<br> Pedantic critics may find fault with my modest productions, and perhaps justly, in regard to grammatical construction, and mechanical arrangement, but I shall be satisfied, if the public discern a vein of true poetry glittering here and there through what I have just written. The public are the final judges of compositions of this sort, and not the writer himself, or his personal friends. It is they, therefore, who must decide whether these humble attempts of my 'prentice hand, shall be numbered with writings that have been forgotten, or whether their author shall be encouraged to strike his lyre in a higher key, to accompany his Muse, while she tries to sing in a loftier strain.<br> THE AUTHOR.<br> PORT ALBERT, March, 1887.

A collection of some of the most significant literary work on the English Lake District prior to Thomas West’s A guide to the Lakes (1778). The poet Thomas Gray takes the reader from Brough south to Kendal on his return from a tour in Scotland. An agricultural reformer, Arthur Young, also returning from Scotland, begins his journey in the northern parts of Cumberland with dry descriptions of local farming, but on arriving in Keswick, his account turns to the picturesque scenery around Derwent Water, Ullswater and Windermere. ‘Wild and romantic’ is Young’s phrase, yet the agriculturalist in him comes to the fore as he declares the enclosed landscapes around Kendal and Windermere to be the most picturesque of all. Thomas Pennant’s account of his journey through the district is cursory, and he seems not have noticed the lakes or mountains at all. West’s Guide quotes Gray, Young and Pennant, and its second edition included the full text of Gray’s unpublished letters as an addendum. It also included four short pieces. John Brown’s letter to his former pupil William Gilpin (who would become the foremost exponent of the ‘picturesque’) connects the scenery of the Lakes to European landscape painting. Experimental philosopher Adam Walker provides a note on a local curiosity, the underground passages of Dunald Mill Hole. John Dalton and Richard Cumberland were among the first in a long line of Lakeland poets to be inspired to verse.> - Summary by Phil Benson

This work relates the history of the Medici family through three centuries and eleven generations, from its rise from obscurity, to its zenith of power and influence, to its eventual decay and ruin. It outlines their history in conjunction with the major events of Europe and dwells much on the artists and artworks patronized by the Medici - the impetus of the Renaissance. <br><br>This first volume brings to life the Renaissance and how Florence, through the Medici, was the epicentre of the movement that spread new learning throughout Europe. It describes some of the best and worst of the Medici, including statesmen both good and bad, popes and their intrigues, joyous festivals and tragic assassinations. (Summary by TriciaG)

This work relates the history of the Medici family through three centuries and eleven generations, from its rise from obscurity, to its zenith of power and influence, to its eventual decay and ruin. It outlines their history in conjunction with the major events of Europe and dwells much on the artists and artworks patronized by the Medici - the impetus of the Renaissance. <br><br>This second volume begins in 1537 and highlights Catherine, the last of the elder branch, then follows the younger branch to the eventual extinction of the family in 1743. - Summary by TriciaG

10Misses Mallett

By E. H. Young

The arrival of the eligible Francis Sales disturbs the calm existence of the four Misses Mallett in this social satire. Three women love him--will one of them be his wife? - Summary by Anne Erickson

Arthur Young, an English agriculturist, set out to write a travelogue on the state of agriculture in France and found himself in the midst of the French Revolution. His report on life in the capital and in the countryside in the years 1787, 1788, and 1789, replete with droll traveler's mishaps, becomes an eyewitness account of a society on the brink of catastrophe. From the court scene at Versailles to backroads villages comes this astonishing record of unfolding events, conspiracy theories about the queen, jubilation, and mass hysteria. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)

12Canada and Other Poems

By Thomas Frederick Young

From the author's preface: I wished to do something for my country, and chose this method of doing it. The literature of this country is in its infancy. It must not always remain so, or the expectations we have in regard to making it a great nation, will never be fulfilled. Literature gives life to a nation, or rather it is the reflection of a nation's life and thought, in a mirror, which cheers, strengthens and ennobles those who look into it, and study what is there displayed. Literature must grow with our nation, and, when growing, it will aid the latter's progress in no small degree...I dedicate this little book of mine to the Canadian public. - Summary by T. F. Young

13Motor Boys; or, Chums Through Thick and Thin

By Clarence Young

Dear Boys: Here is a brand-new line of stories for you, to be issued under the general title of “The Motor Boys Series.” The motor-cycle of to-day is fast taking the place of the ordinary bicycle, and the automobile, or auto, as it is commonly called, is taking the place of our horses. This being so, it has occurred to the writer to prepare a line of stories, telling of the doings of a number of lively, up-to-date lads who at first own motor-cycles and later on become the proud possessors of a touring car. - Summary from the preface Clarence Young was a house pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for series of books for boys.

14Motor Boys Overland; or, A Long Trip for Fun and Fortune

By Clarence Young

Here we have the second volume of “The Motor Boys Series,” a line of books relating to the doings of some bright and up-to-date youths, on wheels, at home and abroad. In the first volume of the series, called “The Motor Boys,” the writer told how Bob, Ned and Jerry won several important races, including that which brought to them a much-wished-for prize, a grand touring car. The car won, there was nothing to do but to take a long trip, and in this present book, “The Motor Boys Overland,” are given the particulars of a journey in the automobile to the great West. On the way the boys fall in with an old miner, who has the secret of a lost gold mine of great value. The lads decide to take the miner to the lost mine in their touring car, and the long and perilous journey among the mountains is begun. Enemies also hear of the wonderful lost mine, and then begins a wild race, to see who shall get there first and claim the riches. - Summary from the preface Clarence Young was a house pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for series of books for boys.

15Motor Boys in Mexico; Or, The Secret of the Buried City

By Clarence Young

Dear Boys: At last I am able to give you the third volume of “The Motor Boys Series,” a line of books relating the doings of several wide-awake lads on wheels, in and around their homes and in foreign lands. The first volume of this series, called “The Motor Boys,” told how Ned, Bob and Jerry became the proud possessors of motor-cycles, and won several races of importance, including one which gave to them, something that they desired with all their hearts, a big automobile touring car. Having obtained the automobile, the lads were not content until they arranged for a long trip to the great West, as told in “The Motor Boys Overland.” On the way they fell in with an old miner, who held the secret concerning the location of a lost gold mine, and it was for this mine that they headed, beating out some rivals who were also their bitter enemies. - Summary from the preface Clarence Young was a house pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for series of books for boys.

16Pilgrims' Project

By Robert F. Young

Robert F. Young works in a machine shop by day, and at night goes home and writes anti-machine stories! Pilgrims' Project is different: not so much anti-machine per se, it is still a vigorous argument in favor of the individual human spirit and against standardization. It is also, of course, a thoroughly exciting story—with one of the most intriguing villains in all sf! - Summary by Original publication

17Motor Boys Across the Plains; or, The Hermit of Lost Lake

By Clarence Young

Dear Boys: Here it is at last—the fourth volume of “The Motor Boys Series,” for which so many boys all over our land have been asking during the past year. To those who have read the other volumes in this line, this new tale needs no special introduction. To others, I would say that in the first volume, entitled, “The Motor Boys,” I introduced three wide-awake American lads, Ned, Bob and Jerry, and told how they first won a bicycle race and then a great motor cycle contest,—the prize in the latter being a big touring car. - Summary from the Preface Clarence Young was a house pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for series of books for boys.

Before Dashiell Hammett's Continental Op and before Carroll John Daly's Race Williams, there was Don Everhard, hard-boiled professional gambler and conman, as quick on the draw as he is with palming an ace. In recent years, several critics and historians of crime fiction have begun to acknowledge Young's no-nonsense character as an early forbearer of the hard-boiled noir fiction that we have come to know and love. Join me as we explore the early years of Don Everhard with three short stories featuring the notorious jack-of-all-trades. - Summary by Ben Tucker

19Motor Boys Afloat; or, The Stirring Cruise of the Dartaway

By Clarence Young

The Motor Boys are generally taking adventures with their motor car. But in book five of this series, they are found on an adventure with boats! What new story will Clarence Young talk about these young lads, who, through many adventures and escapes already, have yet another exciting tale ahead? Find out in this stirring cruise story! - Summary by ej400 Clarence Young was a house pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for series of books for boys.

This 1928 Newbery Honor book is a collection of fourteen Irish folktales about the Gubbaun Saor, a mythologized historical architect and smith who lived in the 6th century, A.D. He was a builder in both wood and stone, and many churches, oratories, and bell towers were attributed to him. - Summary by Lynette Caulkins

"Seated in a restaurant in New York City, Don Everhard suddenly finds himself involved in an insidious plot, the entanglements of which are stretched half-way across the continent and implicate the destinies of many prominent men, including the governor of a State." <br><br> Join us for another thrilling crime gem featuring the influential early hard-boiled gambler and gunman Don Everhard! - Summary by Adventure Vol. 24 No. 5 & Ben Tucker