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The purpose of the current study is to investigate how to measure support for acts of political violence. The Support for Political Violence (SPV) measure is theoretically derived from Stanton’s 10-stage model of genocide (Stanton, 2013). Determining the underlying relationships between measure items (e.g. how many dimensions they form within the measure) is important to a future research project that will examine the relation between politically extreme attitudes and support for political violence. The current study will conduct an exploratory factor analysis to get a sense of the goodness of fit of the measure. We will also investigate whether a set of screening questions can be used to narrow down the list of target groups offered to participants. Research questions: 1. How tenable is a unitary (one-dimension) model of support for political violence? 2. Which items best fit a unitary model of support for political violence? 3. How tenable is a stage model of these items given their difficulty levels? 4. What screening questions can be used to narrow down the list of target groups offered?

If you think you’re hearing more accounts than ever about improper government intrusion into our lives, you’re a lot like author and journalist David Kirby. He researched that for new book “When They Come For You: How Police and Government Are Trampling Our Liberties - and How to Take Them Back.” --------- Full Measure is a weekly Sunday news program focusing on investigative, original and accountability reporting. The host is Sharyl Attkisson, five-time Emmy Award winner and recipient of the Edward R. Murrow award for investigative reporting. She is backed by a team of award winning journalists. Each week, we have a cover story that explores untouchable topics in a fearless way including: immigration, terrorism, government waste, national security and whistleblower reports on government and corporate abuse and misdeeds. Full Measure is broadcast to 43 million households in 79 markets on 162 Sinclair Broadcast Group stations, including ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX, CW, MyTV, Univision and Telemundo affiliates. It also streams live Sunday mornings at 9:30 a.m. ET. Read more about us at: http://fullmeasure.news/about Find out where to watch us at: http://fullmeasure.news/about Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/FullMeasureNews Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/FullMeasureNews

The prevention of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence is of significant importance, particularly during persiods of crisis such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or the climate crisis (Cuijpers et al., 2023). The most recent data from a nationally representative sample of children in Germany indicates that one in four children exhibited psychological abnormalities (Ravens-Sieberer et al., 2023). The reduction of psychological stress and the strengthening of mental health competence represent a central objective of the federal government's youth strategy (BMFSFJ, 2019). The school setting is particularly suitable to the implementation of prevention measures for children and adolescents, given to its high reachability of the target group in terms of universal prevention. Furthermore, the responsibility of schools for prevention measures was explicitly emphasized as an "integral part of school development" in the "Recommendation for Health Promotion and Prevention in Schools" adopted by the Ministry of Education (KMK, 2012). Despite the existence of evaluated, manualized prevention programs designed to enhance emotional and social competence (Beelmann et al., 2014), the dissemination of these programs often proves difficult (Grumm et al., 2013), for example, due to a lack of financial resources. This study was initiated by an integrative comprehensive school, which contacted our department to express interest in collaborating on a research project. A working group comprising of teachers, parents, student representatives, and school social workers expressed a desire to implement ten teaching units on the topic of mental health competence. The content of the teaching units was collectively developed and agreed upon by the working group. In particular, the objective is to enhance social and emotional competence. This approach was deemed appropriate by all participants and is also consistent with the recommendation that universal prevention should prioritize the strengthening of resilience and life skills (WHO, 1994). Emotional competence and social competence are regarded as transdiagnostic factors for maintaining mental health (Blair & Coles, 2000; Lengua, 2002). The study targets students aged 13 to 16 at a secondary school (IGS) in Rhineland-Palatinate Furthermore, teachers, parents, students, and school social workers involved in the conception of the project will be surveyed to evaluate the participatory collaboration. The school initiated contact and requested the evaluation of the project in 2022.

Background: Dermoscopy is one of the major imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. Due to the difficulty and subjectivity of human interpretation, dermoscopy image analysis has become an important research area. One of the most important steps in dermoscopy image analysis is the automated detection of lesion borders. Although numerous methods have been developed for the detection of lesion borders, very few studies were comprehensive in the evaluation of their results. Methods: In this paper, we evaluate five recent border detection methods on a set of 90 dermoscopy images using three sets of dermatologist-drawn borders as the ground-truth. In contrast to previous work, we utilize an objective measure, the Normalized Probabilistic Rand Index, which takes into account the variations in the ground-truth images. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the differences between four of the evaluated border detection methods are in fact smaller than those predicted by the commonly used XOR measure.

For a measure preserving transformation $T$ of a probability space $(X,\mathcal F,\mu)$ we investigate almost sure and distributional convergence of random variables of the form $$x \to \frac{1}{C_n} \sum_{i_1

Presented is a Science Process Measure for teachers of science. The instrument consists of 18 items, a response sheet, and an answer key. No data regarding the instrument are provided. (CS)

Consider random Young diagrams with a fixed number n of boxes, where the probability distribution on diagrams is determined by the Plancherel measure. That is, the weight of a diagram is proportional to the squared dimension of the corresponding irreducible representation of the symmetric group S_n. As n goes to infinity, the boundary of the (suitably scaled) random diagram concentrates near a curve Omega (Logan-Shepp 1977, Vershik-Kerov 1977). In 1993, Kerov announced a central limit theorem describing Gaussian fluctuations of random diagrams around the limit shape Omega. Here we propose a reconstruction of his proof, largely based on Kerov's unpublished work notes (1999). We also discuss a striking similarity between Kerov's result and central limit theorems for random matrices (Diaconis-Shahshahani, Johansson).

The Genius of Novelist Linda Mooney and Her Narrator Guy (with fart jokes thrown in for good measure) OK? Insight Radio: insighttalkradio.com 630-392-4718

This guide and the accompanying student workbook, three audio tape cassettes, and script for the audio tape comprise the Adult Basic Education Level I (grade 1.5) package on the metric system. An introductory section to this guide provides (1) an overview of the materials in the package, and also includes a field tested six-step teaching sequence for making effective use of the materials, and a table coordinating the activities in the level I package; (2) background information on adult basic daily living skills; and (3) a discussion of the design and use of the student workbook and the instructor's guide. Four instructional sections (linear measurement, measurement of weight, measurement of capacity, and measurement of temperature) include learning activities relating to daily living skills, lists of materials needed, information on what the teacher needs to know about the metric system, and additional comments corresponding to learning activities and to pages in the student workbook (where applicable). The remaining sections include review material. Appended are sources of material (complete addresses and ERIC document numbers, where possible) on adult education and/or the metric system; script for the level I student posttest booklet; the level I student posttest booklet; and answers to the student posttest. (SH)

The purpose of the proposed research is to explore and validate a measure of disruptive behaviour and harmful conduct in videogames in a sample of young people who regularly play videogames.

Note on drug interaction, remedial measure and related references .

We introduce a mathematical framework for the analysis of the input-output dynamics of externally driven memristors. We show that, under general assumptions, their dynamics comply with a Bernoulli differential equation and hence can be nonlinearly transformed into a formally solvable linear equation. The Bernoulli formalism, which applies to both charge- and flux-controlled memristors when either current- or voltage-driven, can, in some cases, lead to expressions of the output of the device as an explicit function of the input. We apply our framework to obtain analytical solutions of the i-v characteristics of the recently proposed model of the Hewlett-Packard memristor under three different drives without the need for numerical simulations. Our explicit solutions allow us to identify a dimensionless lumped parameter that combines device-specific parameters with properties of the input drive. This parameter governs the memristive behavior of the device and, consequently, the amount of hysteresis in the i-v. We proceed further by defining formally a quantitative measure for the hysteresis of the device for which we obtain explicit formulas in terms of the aforementioned parameter and we discuss the applicability of the analysis for the design and analysis of memristor devices.

We introduce a new, simple metric method of sampling metric measure spaces, based on a well-known "snowflakeing operator" and we show that, as a consequence of a classical result of Assouad, the sampling of doubling metric spaces is bilipschitz equivalent to that of subsets of some $\mathbb{R}^N$. Moreover, we compare this new method with two other approaches, in particular to one that represents a direct application of our triangulation method of metric measure spaces satisfying a generalized Ricci curvature condition.

The measure problem of cosmology is how to assign normalized probabilities to observations in a universe so large that it may have many observations occurring at many different spacetime locations. I have previously shown how the Boltzmann brain problem (that observations arising from thermal or quantum fluctuations may dominate over ordinary observations if the universe expands sufficiently and/or lasts long enough) may be ameliorated by volume averaging, but that still leaves problems if the universe lasts too long. Here a solution is proposed for that residual problem by a simple weighting factor 1/(1+t^2) to make the time integral convergent. The resulting Agnesi measure appears to avoid problems other measures may have with vacua of zero or negative cosmological constant.

The measure problem of cosmology is how to assign normalized probabilities to observations in a universe so large that it may have many observations occurring at many different spacetime locations. I have previously shown how the Boltzmann brain problem (that observations arising from thermal or quantum fluctuations may dominate over ordinary observations if the universe expands sufficiently and/or lasts long enough) may be ameliorated by volume averaging, but that still leaves problems if the universe lasts too long. Here a solution is proposed for that residual problem by a simple weighting factor 1/(1+t^2) to make the time integral convergent. The resulting Agnesi measure appears to avoid problems other measures may have with vacua of zero or negative cosmological constant.

We construct a configurational entropy measure in functional space. We apply it to several nonlinear scalar field models featuring solutions with spatially-localized energy, including solitons and bounces in one spatial dimension, and critical bubbles in three spatial dimensions, typical of first-order phase transitions. Such field models are of widespread interest in many areas of physics, from high energy and cosmology to condensed matter. Using a variational approach, we show that the higher the energy of a trial function that approximates the actual solution, the higher its relative configurational entropy, defined as the absolute difference between the configurational entropy of the actual solution and of the trial function. Furthermore, we show that when different trial functions have degenerate energies, the configurational entropy can be used to select the best fit to the actual solution. The configurational entropy relates the dynamical and informational content of physical models with localized energy configurations.

A systematic analysis of student assessment data from Maine and Kentucky, using National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data and state and local assessment results, was conducted to address issues of measurement and attribution involved in evaluating systemic school reform. This paper (1) examines ways to cope with the challenges of considering measures of school systems from multiple sources and combining multiple measures of student achievement data using state and local data from Maine; (2) examines ways to tackle the challenges of considering multiple levels of influences on student achievement and attributing achievement results to school effects using NAEP data from Maine and Kentucky; and (3) discusses the usefulness and limitations of multi-level and multi-measure approaches to the evaluation of systemic school reform. Results suggest that it is not necessary to weight each measure before forming an achievement composite to classify student performance. This is particularly true when measures are highly intercorrelated. Results also point to the possible hazards of classifying student achievement based on a single measure. Three different models of estimating school effects were tested, and reasons for their use are discussed. The estimation of school effects requires that "school effects" be defined so that an explicit model of these effects can be formulated. The model should be fully specified, with all variables representing school input, practice, context, and student background measured. (Contains 14 tables and 17 references.) (SLD)

Note on drug interaction, remedial measure and related references .

In order to inherit numerically the ergodicity of the damped stochastic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with additive noise, we propose a fully discrete scheme, whose spatial direction is based on spectral Galerkin method and temporal direction is based on a modification of the implicit Euler scheme. We not only prove the unique ergodicity of the numerical solutions of both spatial semi-discretization and full discretization, but also present error estimations on invariant measures, which gives order $2$ in spatial direction and order ${\frac12}$ in temporal direction.

The relationship between the importance of the objectives of a public school reading program and the extent of data collection efforts pertaining to these objectives was examined. The purpose of the study was to determine if the information collected was sufficient for teachers to make a continuous evaluation of the program's ability to meet the objectives. An instrument containing 102 reading objectives, the Reading Objective Information Inventory (ROII), was administered to 24 elementary teachers in 11 schools. Sixty objectives in the ROII were delineated as "important", and the availability of information to measure the achievement of these 60 objectives was assessed. Results showed that (1) the relationship between the importance of the objectives and the overall availability of information to measure their achievement correlated .55; (2) in evaluating the effectiveness of data collection for each of the objectives, only nine objectives reflected a significant relationship between importance and data availability; (3) in comparing the differences in data collection effectiveness among three kinds of objectives (word recognition, comprehension, and work study skills), the proportion of comprehension objectives with a significant importance-availability relationship was significantly higher than for word recognition or work study skills objectives. (VJ)

The relationship between the importance of the objectives of a public school reading program and the extent of data collection efforts pertaining to these objectives was examined. The purpose of the study was to determine if the information collected was sufficient for teachers to make a continuous evaluation of the program's ability to meet the objectives. An instrument containing 102 reading objectives, the Reading Objective Information Inventory (ROII), was administered to 24 elementary teachers in 11 schools. Sixty objectives in the ROII were delineated as "important", and the availability of information to measure the achievement of these 60 objectives was assessed. Results showed that (1) the relationship between the importance of the objectives and the overall availability of information to measure their achievement correlated .55; (2) in evaluating the effectiveness of data collection for each of the objectives, only nine objectives reflected a significant relationship between importance and data availability; (3) in comparing the differences in data collection effectiveness among three kinds of objectives (word recognition, comprehension, and work study skills), the proportion of comprehension objectives with a significant importance-availability relationship was significantly higher than for word recognition or work study skills objectives. (VJ)

The best way to check for square is to measure opposing corners for equal distance. Using a tape measure is the common method but the tape will often not stay on the corner well. This will hold the tape measure in place with less tension required. ***Update*** two object where off platform by 1mm. Corrected and uploaded level version.

The best way to check for square is to measure opposing corners for equal distance. Using a tape measure is the common method but the tape will often not stay on the corner well. This will hold the tape measure in place with less tension required. ***Update*** two object where off platform by 1mm. Corrected and uploaded level version.

The best way to check for square is to measure opposing corners for equal distance. Using a tape measure is the common method but the tape will often not stay on the corner well. This will hold the tape measure in place with less tension required. ***Update*** two object where off platform by 1mm. Corrected and uploaded level version.

instrument measure the percent of circle fraction montessori for laser engraver and cnc router Montessori centesimal frame divided into 100 percent, the white line corresponds to the 0 mark and to 100 used with Fraction Circles cut out labeled https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2828126 and with fraction circles https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2839103

Measure for measure. A comedy. As it is acted at the Theatre-Royal in Lincolns-Inn-Fields. Written by Mr. W. Shakespear. 1722.. Digitized from IA40312807-01 . Previous issue: bim_eighteenth-century_the-life-and-death-of-th_1734_0 . Next issue: bim_eighteenth-century_the-first-part-of-henry-_shakespeare-william_1732 .

We study quantum kicked rotator in the classically fully chaotic regime, in the domain of the semiclassical behaviour. We use Izrailev's N-dimensional model for various N infinity tends to the quantized kicked rotator, not only for K=5 as studied previously, but for many different values of the classical kick parameter 5

Do some of your filaments spools not have a measuring guide on it? Well this might help you improve your rough estimate of how much filament you have left. This works great for most spools with: 54mm Traverse Diameter of 200mm Avg 78mm barrel "Which is a common spool amongst most 1kg filament spools" I would set the accuracy of this measurement around 95% to 97%. Should assist in giving a decent rough estimate. If you do not have another way in estimating how much filament you may have left. Printing: I would print with the best quality in my opinion. I also printed with PLA.

We study the invariant measure of a discretized stochastic Allen-Cahn equation in d+1 dimensions in the low noise limit. We consider a cuboidal domain and impose the two stable phases as boundary conditions at two opposite faces. We then take a joint limit where the temperature and the mesh of the discretization go to zero while the size of the domain grows. Our main result is that the invariant measures concentrate exponentially fast around the minimizers of the free energy functional if the domain does not grow too fast.

In this work we consider a problem related to the equilibrium statistical mechanics of spin glasses, namely the study of the Gibbs measure of the random energy model. For solving this problem, new results of independent interest on sums of spacings for i.i.d. Gaussian random variables are presented. Then we give a precise description of the support of the Gibbs measure below the critical temperature.

We introduce a probabilistic measure of naturalness (naturalness level) to fix naturalness bounds quantitatively. It is applied to the anomalous magnetic moments and the electric dipole moments due to new physics.

Um 2, 4 und 6 Zoll Entfernungen zu messen.

Computing entanglement of an arbitrary bipartite or multipartite mixed state is in general not an easy task as it usually involves complex optimization. Here we show that exploiting symmetries of certain mixed states, we can compute a genuine multiparty entanglement measure, the generalized geometric measure for these classes of mixed states. The chosen states have different ranks and consist of an arbitrary number of parties.

Verity Baptist Church - Pastor Jimenez The Measure for Judgment, Giving & False Prophets 05/08/22

Verity Baptist Church - Pastor Jimenez The Measure for Judgment, Giving & False Prophets 05/08/22

We consider a family S=S(a) of 2-valued transformations of special form on the segment [0,1] with measure $\mu=\int p(x) d\lambda$, which is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure $\lambda$. We endow S with a set of weight functions $\alpha=\{\alpha_1(x),\alpha_2(x)\}$ and find a criterion of measure invariance under the transformation. This criterion relates the three parameters $a$, $p$, $\alpha$ to each other.

We show that if f_t is a holomorphic family of quadratic-like maps with all periodic orbits repelling so that for each real t the map f_t is a real Collet-Eckmann S-unimodal map then, writing m_t for the unique absolutely continuous invariant probability measure of f_t, the map t -> \int g dm_t is real analytic for any real analytic function g.

Each illness presents with specific signs and symptoms. The proposed approach effectively identifies relationships between groups of illnesses and the symptoms that patients experience, supporting medical professionals in reaching a likely diagnosis. Medical diagnosis relies heavily on n-valued interval neutrosophic sets and their applications. This study examines aspects of cotangent similarity among n-valued interval neutrosophic sets and proposes a method utilizing these concepts. This approach serves as a valuable tool for addressing uncertainties and limitations in existing diagnostic methods. The application of this method in medical diagnosis is evaluated to accurately identify the illness affecting the patient. The diagnostic results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. 

Each illness presents with specific signs and symptoms. The proposed approach effectively identifies relationships between groups of illnesses and the symptoms that patients experience, supporting medical professionals in reaching a likely diagnosis. Medical diagnosis relies heavily on n-valued interval neutrosophic sets and their applications. This study examines aspects of cotangent similarity among n-valued interval neutrosophic sets and proposes a method utilizing these concepts. This approach serves as a valuable tool for addressing uncertainties and limitations in existing diagnostic methods. The application of this method in medical diagnosis is evaluated to accurately identify the illness affecting the patient. The diagnostic results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. 

Each illness presents with specific signs and symptoms. The proposed approach effectively identifies relationships between groups of illnesses and the symptoms that patients experience, supporting medical professionals in reaching a likely diagnosis. Medical diagnosis relies heavily on n-valued interval neutrosophic sets and their applications. This study examines aspects of cotangent similarity among n-valued interval neutrosophic sets and proposes a method utilizing these concepts. This approach serves as a valuable tool for addressing uncertainties and limitations in existing diagnostic methods. The application of this method in medical diagnosis is evaluated to accurately identify the illness affecting the patient. The diagnostic results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. 

Stable distributions is an interesting and important class of probability distributions. They were discovered explicitly by Paul L\'{e}vy in 1925 \cite{lk}. They possess many interesting properties, most importantly they are by definiton invariant under addition, up to a scale. Noteworthly they have power-law type of decay and therefore they are an excellent model for modelling many natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, financial returns, and a multitude of social phenomena such as size distributions of cities and firms \cite{scaling}. The major problem concerning them is that they have an infinite variance \cite{GK} and therefore their practical applicability is somewhat limited. Also they generally do not possess a density expressible in an analytic form. This study proposes a dispersion measure for them, drawing ideas from Fisher information, differential geometry and most importantly, the uncertainty principle for Fourier transform pairs \cite{Weyl}. The study begins with a brief discussion on characteristic functions and their relation to Fourier transforms and their properties, proceeds to a brief presentation of stable distributions and accumulates in defining a concept of \textit{characteristic curvature}, which is proposed as a suitable measure of dispersion for class of stable distributions. Characteristic curvature satisfies the familiar scaling property for stable processes, reduces to that of standard deviation in the Gaussian case and is explicitly related to the Euler Gamma function, the Hurst exponent H and the fractal dimension 2-H.

In this paper we show that the continuum time version of the Minority Game satisfies the criteria for the application of a theorem on the existence of an invariant measure. We consider the special case of a game with "sufficiently" asymmetric initial condition where the number of possible choices for each individual is S=2 and $\Gamma

In this paper we show that the continuum time version of the Minority Game satisfies the criteria for the application of a theorem on the existence of an invariant measure. We consider the special case of a game with "sufficiently" asymmetric initial condition where the number of possible choices for each individual is S=2 and $\Gamma

In this paper, we formulate the geometric Bogomolov conjecture for abelian varieties, and give some partial answers to it. In fact, we insist in a main theorem that under some degeneracy condition, a closed subvariety of an abelian variety does not have a dense subset of small points if it is a non-special subvariety. The key of the proof is the study of the minimal dimension of the components of a canonical measure on the tropicalization of the closed subvariety. Then we can apply the tropical version of equidistribution theory due to Gubler. This article includes an appendix by Walter Gubler. He shows that the minimal dimension of the components of a canonical measure is equal to the dimension of the abelian part of the subvariety. We can apply this result to make a further contribution to the geometric Bogomolov conjecture.

Direct evaluation of the rate-distortion function has rarely been achieved when it is strictly greater than its Shannon lower bound. In this paper, we consider the rate-distortion function for the distortion measure defined by an epsilon-insensitive loss function. We first present the Shannon lower bound applicable to any source distribution with finite differential entropy. Then, focusing on the Laplacian and Gaussian sources, we prove that the rate-distortion functions of these sources are strictly greater than their Shannon lower bounds and obtain analytically evaluable upper bounds for the rate-distortion functions. Small distortion limit and numerical evaluation of the bounds suggest that the Shannon lower bound provides a good approximation to the rate-distortion function for the epsilon-insensitive distortion measure.

Even as research documents that teachers matter, there is less certainty about the attributes of teachers that make the most difference in raising student achievement. Many studies have estimated the relationship between teachers' characteristics (i.e., experience and academic performance) and their value-added to student achievement. Few have explored whether instructional practices predict student test score gains. In this study, the authors ask what classroom practices, if any, differentiate teachers with high impact on student achievement in middle school English Language Arts from those with lower impact. The study further explores the extent to which value-added measures signal differences in instructional quality. Even with the small sample used in the analysis, the authors find evidence that high value-added teachers have a different profile of instructional practices than do low value-added teachers. Teachers in the top quartile as measured by value-added scores score higher than second-quartile teachers on all 16 elements of instruction that were measured. The differences are statistically significant for a subset of practices including explicit strategy instruction. (Contains 4 footnotes, 6 figures, and 5 tables.)

Even as research documents that teachers matter, there is less certainty about the attributes of teachers that make the most difference in raising student achievement. Many studies have estimated the relationship between teachers' characteristics (i.e., experience and academic performance) and their value-added to student achievement. Few have explored whether instructional practices predict student test score gains. In this study, the authors ask what classroom practices, if any, differentiate teachers with high impact on student achievement in middle school English Language Arts from those with lower impact. The study further explores the extent to which value-added measures signal differences in instructional quality. Even with the small sample used in the analysis, the authors find evidence that high value-added teachers have a different profile of instructional practices than do low value-added teachers. Teachers in the top quartile as measured by value-added scores score higher than second-quartile teachers on all 16 elements of instruction that were measured. The differences are statistically significant for a subset of practices including explicit strategy instruction. (Contains 4 footnotes, 6 figures, and 5 tables.)

The goal of the current study was to examine the influence of providing more optimal testing conditions and evaluate the effect this has on the validity of the score inferences across ELL students with different needs, strengths, and levels of language proficiency. It was expected that the validity of the score inferences would be similar for 3rd and 5th grade ELL students with different needs and exited and native English speakers who acted as control groups. Multiple choice and constructed response mathematics data from a large-scale data collection were analyzed relative to data from a criterion measure developed for the study and other ancillary information obtained during the project. Results indicated the validity data from multiple choice results for ELLs were generally very poor compared to the control groups, but that validity data from constructed response scores were more promising, especially for beginning students in both grades and advanced students in grade 5. Additional analyses indicated significantly higher misclassification rates of test score data for lower English proficient ELL students as compared to control groups when looking at students classified as knowing some mathematics on the criterion measure. This study raises many questions about the validity of inferences drawn from large-scale assessments for students with lower English proficiency. It also calls into question the effectiveness of measuring content knowledge with some item types for students at various levels of English language proficiency, and suggests that item type may interact with grade level of the test takers. (Contains 28 tables and 20 figures.)

"Parent and Child. Action for Abduction of Minor Daughter. Measure of Damages" is an article from Virginia Law Review, Volume 8 . View more articles from Virginia Law Review . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1063700

Note on drug interaction, remedial measure and related references .