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This paper reports on the first stage of a meta-study conducted by the authors on primary research published during the last thirty years that focused on discovering the experiences of students learning qualitative research. The authors carried out a meta-analysis of the findings of students' experiences learning qualitative research included in twenty-five published articles. Using constructivist grounded theory to analyze the experience of those seeking to learn qualitative research, including factors that appear to support or interfere with their learning experiences, the authors identified three key dimensions of qualitative research students' learning experiences--affective, cognitive, and experiential. Based on this analysis, the authors developed a grounded theory of qualitative research education. This theory suggests that students' learning experiences will be enhanced through the implementation of an inductive approach to qualitative research education that incorporates experiential learning early in the learning experience. This paper reports these findings, presents this grounded theory of inductive qualitative research education, and discusses the implications of the findings of this meta-analysis for those teaching and researching qualitative research. (Contains 2 figures.)

This doctoral project aims to unravel the process by which the suicidal narrative is configured, using a qualitative multiperspective approach. It integrates the meanings attributed by individuals who have attempted suicide, their support networks, and the healthcare professionals responsible for their care, within the context of OECD member countries. Departing from biomedical reductionism, this research is grounded in a relational, narrative, and structural conception of suicide – acknowledging its profound symbolic dimension and roots in contexts of invisible suffering and social exclusion. The methodological design is structured in two sequential phases. Phase 1 is an interpretative qualitative meta-synthesis (following Sandelowski & Barroso) that integrates findings from prior qualitative or mixed-method studies through reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke), supported by ATLAS.ti software. We apply PRISMA 2020, ENTREQ, and COREQ guidelines, selecting high-quality studies (≥9/10 JBI criteria). A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and WoS is conducted, with dual independent screening targeting ≥95% inter-reviewer agreement and Cohen’s κ ≥0.80 for reliability. This phase will yield a robust theoretical map and interpretative base to inform the empirical phase. Phase 2 adopts a systematic Grounded Theory approach (Strauss & Corbin) under a constructivist-hermeneutic paradigm. In-depth interviews and focus groups will be conducted with the three stakeholder groups (patients, support persons, clinicians), following an abductive logic and using open, axial, and selective coding. Constant comparison will continue until theoretical saturation, incorporating participant validation workshops, methodological triangulation, external auditing, and reflexive memoing. Analysis will be assisted by CAQDAS and carried out under the ethical principles set by the Sant Pau Clinical Research Ethics Committee. This integrated design ensures that empirical findings dialogue with the systematically reviewed knowledge. We expect to produce a comprehensive model of the suicidal narrative configuration process – conceptualized as a constellation of affective, identity-related, structural, and relational meanings. This innovative insight will lay the groundwork for new interpretative frameworks, humanize healthcare approaches, strengthen prevention strategies, and inform the design of person-centered public policies.

Clinical Associates in Psychology (CAPs) are a recently developed psychological role that has been established to meet the needs of NHS England mental health teams. The CAP occupational standard sets out a wide variety of activities within the CAP’s scope of practice, including delivering psychological assessments, formulation, and interventions; providing training to others; working within a wide range of clinical contexts; and undertaking research (IfATE, 2022). This variety of capability is intentional, to allow CAPs to flexibly meet the needs of the different trusts they are placed in, but there is a very limited amount of research available about the new CAP role or the impact CAPs are making. This project aims to examine the ways that mental health teams that already include CAPs have determined what role the CAPs will play in their teams.

Many young adults will enter higher education with a history of trauma. The psychological consequences of trauma can have a significant impact on students mental health as well as many aspects of the student experience including academic success and social integration. Trauma-informed approaches are designed to foster improvements in academic outcomes, social welfare and the psychological well-being of students, however research in the higher education setting, particularly from the viewpoint of students, is lacking. To enable the development of evidence-based guidance for the implementation of trauma-informed strategies in higher education it is imperative we understand the perspectives of students. Therefore, the current project aims to understand the challenges students face within the context of their past trauma, how this influences their experiences navigating higher education, and how universities can provide an environment for them to succeed. The study will draw on lived experience by utilising a qualitative grounded theory approach to address the overarching research question: how can higher education become more trauma-informed to reduce barriers to academic success and promote student well-being? Approximately 20 interviews will be conducted over a 6-month period with students who have experienced trauma and are currently attending a UK university. Interviews will aim to explore the experiences of participants throughout their time at university including their approach to learning, assessments and receiving feedback, their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours in the classroom; their relationships with other students and members of staff; particular stressors and coping strategies; perceptions of academic success; and experiences of student support services. Data will be analysed using grounded theory to build a theoretical model of how higher education can become more trauma informed from the perspective of students.

The purpose of this study was to generate a theory of role personalization grounded in data obtained from beginning secondary teachers. Role personalization is defined as the way beginning teachers adapt the teacher role to meet their own needs, while at the same time being socialized into the role demanded by others. Ten beginning secondary teachers participated in the study during their first and third years of teaching. Four major motivating needs were expressed by teachers entering their first year of teaching: the needs for respect, liking, belonging, and sense of competence. Three years later they still focused on these four major needs, but the need for respect had less salience. A fifth need, for variety, emerged after three years of teaching. The teachers' concept of themselves, the role ideal, problems, and perceptions of others changed very little from the first to the third year, although perceptions of their own competence were strengthened. The teachers' needs-disposition permeated their perceptions of role, self, problems, and others, which, in turn, affected the behaviors they chose in enacting the role of teacher. Early in their role adoption as teachers they sought to present themselves as competent and like their ideal, by achieving control of students and not asking for help from peers. Later they sought to present themselves in a manner that would gain student affection. By the third year, in keeping with their growing need for variety, they began to present themselves as innovative and willing to try new things. (JD)

This article is from International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being , volume 9 . Abstract The aim of this study was to generate a substantive theory explaining how the staff in a resource-limited neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a developing nation manage to ensure adherence to behavioral modification components of a noise reduction protocol (NsRP) during nonemergency situations. The study was conducted after implementation of an NsRP in a level III NICU of south India. The normal routine of the NICU is highly dynamic because of various categories of staff conducting clinical rounds followed by care-giving activities. This is unpredictably interspersed with very noisy emergency management of neonates who suddenly fall sick. In-depth interviews were conducted with 36 staff members of the NICU (20 staff nurses, six nursing aides, and 10 physicians). Group discussions were conducted with 20 staff nurses and six nursing aides. Data analysis was done in line with the reformulated grounded theory approach, which was based on inductive examination of textual information. The results of the analysis showed that the main concern was to ensure adherence to behavioral modification components of the NsRP. This was addressed by using strategies to “sustain a culture of silence in NICU during nonemergency situations” (core category). The main strategies employed were building awareness momentum, causing awareness percolation, developing a sense of ownership, expansion of caring practices, evolution of adherence, and displaying performance indicators. The “culture of silence” reconditions the existing staff and conditions new staff members joining the NICU. During emergency situations, a “noisy culture” prevailed because of pragmatic neglect of behavioral modification when life support overrode all other concerns. In addition to this, the process of operant conditioning should be formally conducted once every 18 months. The results of this study may be adapted to create similar strategies and establish context specific NsRPs in NICUs with resource constraints.

The primary purpose of this study is to explore the processes involved in interpersonal connection between nurses and patients in ambulatory care telehealth video visits. A constructivist grounded theory approach will be used to examine the collected video recordings of nurse-patient telehealth video visits and interview a sample of the nurses and patients whose visits were recorded.

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2021 DMin Professional Project

Bibliography: p. 18-23

This multilevel Grounded Theory project explore resilient performance with the aim to improve the understanding of how healthcare adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic rampage, processes involved, and consequences on working conditions, ethics and patient safety.

This article is from Implementation Science : IS , volume 8 . Abstract Background: The concepts and standard practices of implementation, largely originating in developed countries, cannot necessarily be simply transferred into diverse cultural contexts. There has been relative inattention in the implementation science literature paid to the implementation of interventions targeting minority Indigenous populations within developed countries. This suggests that the implementation literature may be bypassing population groups within developed countries who suffer some of the greatest disadvantage. Within the context of Aboriginal Australian health improvement, this study considers the impact of political and cultural issues by examining the transfer and implementation of the Family Wellbeing program across 56 places over a 20-year period. Methods: A theoretical model of program transfer was developed using constructivist-grounded theory methods. Data were generated by conducting in-depth interviews with 18 Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal research respondents who had been active in transferring the program. Data were categorised into higher order abstract concepts and the core impetus for and process of program transfer were identified. Results: Organizations transferred the program by using it as a vehicle for supporting inside-out empowerment. The impetus to support inside-out empowerment referred to support for Aboriginal people's participation, responsibility for and control of their own affairs, and the associated ripple effects to family members, organizations, communities, and ultimately reconciliation with Australian society at large. Program transfer occurred through a multi-levelled process of embracing relatedness which included relatedness with self, others, and structural conditions; all three were necessary at both individual and organizational levels. Conclusions: Similar to international implementation models, the model of supporting inside-out empowerment by embracing relatedness involved individuals, organizations, and interpersonal and inter-organizational networks. However, the model suggests that for minority Indigenous populations within developed countries, implementation approaches may require greater attention to the empowering nature of the intervention and its implementation, and multiple levels of relatedness by individuals and organizations with self, others, and the structural conditions. Key elements of the theoretical model provide a useful blueprint to inform the transfer of other empowerment programs to minority Indigenous and other disadvantaged populations on a case-by-case basis.

Objective: The lack of comprehensive understanding of the policy holder's purchase behavior as an aspect of social and human interactions can be one of the most important reasons for the underdevelopment of the life insurance market in Iran. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of life insurance buying behavior as a cognitive, psychological and behavioral process based on people's lived experience. Methodology: In this research, the qualitative approach and the database theory of Corbin and Strauss (2015) were used as a research method. Data has been collected by conducting in-depth interviews. The statistical sample included 27 potential and actual policyholders, sales representatives and life insurance experts who were selected based on theoretical sampling and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The systematic process of the research included open coding, axial coding and selective coding, which was done using the strategies of analysis, questioning, comparison, reminders, schemas and paradigms. Findings: The behavior of buying life insurance in the context of micro and macro environmental conditions and internal or individual conditions is a dialectic between doubt and trust and is based on the trust building process; In such a way that the superiority of doubt or trust in each stage of the process leads to different behaviors. Conclusion: The output of this research is the development of a life insurance buying behavior model in Iran.

An inquiry into the cause of motion; or, a general theory of physics, grounded upon the primary qualities of matter. Illustrated with copper-plates. By S. Miller. 1781.. Digitized from IA40313309-33 . Previous issue: bim_eighteenth-century_the-birds-of-great-brita_lewin-william_1792-1794_5-7 . Next issue: bim_eighteenth-century_description-anatomique-_perrault-claude_1702 .

An inquiry into the cause of motion; or, a general theory of physics, grounded upon the primary qualities of matter. Illustrated with copper-plates. By S. Miller. 1781.. Digitized from IA40313309-33 . Previous issue: bim_eighteenth-century_the-birds-of-great-brita_lewin-william_1792-1794_5-7 . Next issue: bim_eighteenth-century_description-anatomique-_perrault-claude_1702 .

Grounded-Theory dumped with WikiTeam tools.

This article is from International Journal for Equity in Health , volume 11 . Abstract Background: Immigration is not a new phenomenon but, rather, has deep roots in human history. Documents from every era detail individuals who left their homelands and struggled to reestablish their lives in other countries. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the experience of Iranian immigrants who accessed Canadian health care services. Research with immigrants is useful for learning about strategies that newcomers develop to access health care services. Methods: The research question guiding this study was, “What are the processes by which Iranian immigrants learn to access health care services in Canada?” To answer the question, a constructivist grounded theory approach was applied. Initially, unstructured interviews were conducted with 17 participants (11 women and six men) who were adults (at least 18 years old) and had immigrated to Canada within the past 15 years. Eight participants took part in a second interview, and four participants took part in a third interview. Results: Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, “tackling the stumbling blocks of access” emerged as the core category. The basic social process (BSP), becoming self-sufficient, was a transitional process and had five stages: becoming a stranger; feeling helpless; navigating/seeking information; employing strategies; and becoming integrated and self-sufficient. We found that “tackling the stumbling blocks of access” was the main struggle throughout this journey. Some of the immigrants were able to overcome these challenges and became proficient in accessing health care services, but others were unable to make the necessary changes and thus stayed in earlier stages/phases of transition, and sometimes returned to their country of origin. Conclusion: During the course of this journey a substantive grounded theory was developed that revealed the challenges and issues confronted by this particular group of immigrants. This process explains why some Iranian immigrants are able to access Canadian health care effectively while others cannot. Many elements, including language proficiency, cultural differences, education, previous experiences, financial status, age, knowledge of the host country’s health care services, and insider and outsider resources work synergistically in helping immigrants to access health care services effectively and appropriately.

Introduction: The present study aimed at identifying influencing factors and indicators of infopreneurship, as well as proposing a theoretical model for it in Iran.  Methodology: This study is a qualitative research conducted through a grounded theory approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of 30 experts in the fields of information science and knowledge management, entrepreneurship and the Internet and Web, who were selected through the purposeful sampling. The research instrument included a semi-structured interview, which continued until data saturation. The collected data were analyzed by using open, axial and selective coding methods. The result of these interviews was a collection of primary concepts which were collected during the open coding process and from which the basic concepts and major categories were derived. Afterwards, in the axial coding phase, links among these categories were identified which fell into six headings, involving causal factors, the fundamental phenomenon, strategies, underlying factors, intervening conditions and consequences. Then, in the selective coding step, the story was drawn and the grounded theory was presented. Findings: The findings of the study indicated that infopreneurship in Iran is affected by structural factors, behavioral factors, background factors and strategic factors each of which has its own components. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be argued that for infopreneurship to take place, the interaction of four intertwined factors is required. These include demand for information, availability of the needed information, the retrieval of information, and adding value of information. The factors and their indicators identified in the study and the theoretical framework provide a unique model in the Iranian context in that the proposed model encompasses all the relevant economical, technical and contextual factors as well as factors pertaining to human, knowledge and background resources which might have bearings on infopruneurship in Iran.

2021 DMin Professional Project

2021 DMin Professional Project

Food systems, especially animal-based foods, are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Hong Kong people have a heavy-meat diet, which challenges both their health and the planetary climate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design interventions to support people transitioning to more sustainable and healthy diets. According to the grounded cognition theory of desire and motivated behaviours, people form rich conceptualizations of foods based on their eating experiences and such conceptualizations can be later activated as people encounter any cues (e.g., food images, contexts of eating) relating to their eating experiences which in turn motivate desires of the foods and re-consumption. Based on this theory, food feature listing is a method developed to reveal the most salient and immediate psychological reasons that motivate desires and consumption of foods. The revealed features are valuable for designing information and interventions for reducing meat intake and promoting plant-rich diets. This will be a 2x2 online experimental survey to examine what features (which indicate the underlying psychological reasons of desire for foods) are listed for plant-based versus and meat-based foods by general consumers in Hong Kong and whether consumption immediacy (cooked versus raw foods) can modify the type of features listed for foods. We will also examine whether the feature categories listed by participants will predict their desire and liking of meat-based and plant-based foods. The key food features identified to predict liking and desire for plant-based foods will be used to design interventions for promoting sustainable and healthy diets in future interventional studies.

We collected 20 patients with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia by Grounded theory to identify the main concern of patients in the process of coping with the disease and to determine how patients address these concerns on an ongoing basis and evaluate their own health behaviors.

This paper evaluates the effects of using the NUDIST (Non-numerical, Unstructured Data Indexing, Searching and Theorising) computer program to organize coded, qualitative data. The use of the software is discussed within the context of the study for which it was used: an Australian study that aimed to develop a theoretical understanding of the challenge that students who fail to learn pose for neophyte teachers' images of effectiveness. The potential for interacting with the data during the process of creating and collapsing categories into more over-arching theoretical constructs is considered as it relates to NUDIST's procedural and structural influence on eventual analytical outcomes. Topics covered in the paper include: (1) the aims and processes of qualitative analysis; (2) the computer as a tool in qualitative analysis; (3) NUDIST in qualitative analysis; and (4) examples of using NUDIST to theorize in the self-image study. A description of NUDIST and a description of the study for which it was used are appended. (Contains 14 references.) (KRN)

Educators' expectations and understandings of parental involvement in our nation's schools are often disconnected from the reality of students' home lives. This qualitative study purports that educators often lose opportunities to more fully understand and serve students, particularly when perceptions of parental involvement and home-school-community relationships are not accurate or expansive enough to appreciate the nuances of different cultural, economic, or geographic circumstances. Parent (or caregiver) engagement, as we define it, encapsulates both parent voice and parent presence. Parent voice implies not only that parents have ideas and opinions about their children, but also that educators are receptive to this voice, allowing for an open, multidirectional flow of communication. Similarly, parent presence refers to actions related to the voices of caregivers. Based on a grounded theory model of qualitative research, we used a small, theoretically derived sample of parents involved with a local parent education program to further understand parent engagement, presenting detailed descriptions of conversations and writing done by participants through focus groups and interviews. From these data, new models of parent voice and presence emerged. These models act as precursors to a reconfigured and more comprehensive model of parent engagement. Crucial to the final model is an understanding of parent participation in children's lives that is fluid, robust, and specific to context and culture. The final model presented herein is a combination of parent voice and parent presence, whereby children's well being is central to the interactions. (Contains 3 figures and 3 endnotes.)

Super bookstores have entered into many communities across the United States, and they have caused library professionals to defend and debate the similarities and differences between the bookstores and libraries. Most of the literature on the topic consists of editorial or opinion articles focusing on the differences in services provided by the two institutions. This paper approaches the issue of library and bookstore competition by developing themes of behavior regarding subjects' actions in the coffee shop area of a super bookstore. Because of the strong opinions that exist regarding comparisons of super bookstores and libraries, this research employed grounded theory, a qualitative approach, to investigate the research question. Unobtrusive observation was used to gather data for 30 individuals using the coffee shop. The observations were broken down into small parts called concepts, which were compared and grouped into categories. The categories were then compiled into a coding sheet so that each observation could be examined according to the categories developed from the initial observations. This process, defined as open coding, allowed themes of behavior to emerge from the data. Five themes of behavior were developed and named by the researcher: (1) the pit stop; (2) the super coffee shop; (3) bookstore enhancement; (4) the study hall; and (5) information gathering. Appendices include the floor plan of a superbookstore and coding categories. (Contains 11 references.) (Author/MES)

More than 50 years ago, Glaser and Strauss constructed the grounded theory methodology to develop substantive and formal data-grounded theories. Grounded theory is a rigorous methodology for generating theory grounded in data. It incorporates compare-and-contrast and abductive reasoning as its intellectual engine. Whenever one of these cognitive processes is engaged, so is the other. However, there is a need for a systematic means to assess how rigorous the grounded theory research process was employed. This paper aims to start this conversation among methodologists and practitioners by proposing three criteria to evaluate the trustworthiness of grounded theories’ research process. Grounded theory studies ought to include abductive discoveries, the results of variation-finding, and Tilly’s comparison framework. Examples from Forde’s macro-level grounded theory will be used to demonstrate the significance of adding evaluation criteria to assess the rigor of the research process.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Due to the developments in the field of digital technology and the expansion of social media, the competences and capabilities of marketers in order to use these tools and keep pace with these developments in the insurance industry are vague and unclear. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to provide a model for the competences of marketing specialists in the country’s insurance industry. METHODS: This research, relying on qualitative data, has been collected and seeks to provide an acceptable framework in relation to the indicators for determining the competences of marketing professionals in the insurance industry, and finally to fill the current gap in the insurance marketing literature . This research in terms of its goal is a developmental research. The implementation method of this research is to apply foundation grounded theory using a systematic approach. The statistical population of this research includes managers and marketers active in different insurance companies in Iran and they were selected using the purposive sampling method. With this attitude, the selection of experts was done based on two criteria: having at least five years of work experience in the sectors related to the insurance industry and having a master’s degree or higher in the fields of business management and insurance. The semi-structured interviews continued by phone and face-to-face, with six general questions, until theoretical saturation was realized in the ninth interview. FINDINGS: In this research, the systematic data approach of the grounded theory was used. In the systematic approach, theorizing was done in three main steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In this way, in order to identify the constituent factors of the competency model of marketing specialists in the insurance industry, data analysis in the open coding stage led to the extraction of 77 primary open codes, 17 sub-themes and finally 7 main fields. In the phase of axial coding, 7 main topics in the form of core phenomena (general and specialized competence); causal conditions (including individual capabilities); strategies (including the development of the capabilities of insurance marketers); intervening conditions (including environmental factors); contextual conditions (including policies of the insurance company); and the consequences (including the development of the insurance industry) were identified and then a paradigm model was drawn. Finally, in selective coding, the previous findings were refined and through this process, a theoretical framework was obtained. According to the obtained model, the general and specialized competence of marketers in the country’s insurance industry are influenced by factors related to individual capabilities. In addition, the development of the capabilities of insurance marketers with the aim of strengthening their competences are influenced by environmental factors and the policies of the insurance company. In the end, it was found that the development of the capabilities of insurance marketers could lead to the expansion of the country’s insurance industry. CONCLUSION: Based on the investigation of various factors and by emphasizing the necessary developments in the business environment, this research will be able to respond to the deficiencies and gaps in the past-related studies to the competence of insurance marketers. Therefore, strengthening and developing all dimensions and components of this model through planning and using it in attracting and cultivating insurance marketers, evaluating their competences and creating a database of qualified marketers will be able to act as a facilitator for Realization of transformation and development of the insurance industry in the country

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Due to the developments in the field of digital technology and the expansion of social media, the competences and capabilities of marketers in order to use these tools and keep pace with these developments in the insurance industry are vague and unclear. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to provide a model for the competences of marketing specialists in the country’s insurance industry. METHODS: This research, relying on qualitative data, has been collected and seeks to provide an acceptable framework in relation to the indicators for determining the competences of marketing professionals in the insurance industry, and finally to fill the current gap in the insurance marketing literature . This research in terms of its goal is a developmental research. The implementation method of this research is to apply foundation grounded theory using a systematic approach. The statistical population of this research includes managers and marketers active in different insurance companies in Iran and they were selected using the purposive sampling method. With this attitude, the selection of experts was done based on two criteria: having at least five years of work experience in the sectors related to the insurance industry and having a master’s degree or higher in the fields of business management and insurance. The semi-structured interviews continued by phone and face-to-face, with six general questions, until theoretical saturation was realized in the ninth interview. FINDINGS: In this research, the systematic data approach of the grounded theory was used. In the systematic approach, theorizing was done in three main steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In this way, in order to identify the constituent factors of the competency model of marketing specialists in the insurance industry, data analysis in the open coding stage led to the extraction of 77 primary open codes, 17 sub-themes and finally 7 main fields. In the phase of axial coding, 7 main topics in the form of core phenomena (general and specialized competence); causal conditions (including individual capabilities); strategies (including the development of the capabilities of insurance marketers); intervening conditions (including environmental factors); contextual conditions (including policies of the insurance company); and the consequences (including the development of the insurance industry) were identified and then a paradigm model was drawn. Finally, in selective coding, the previous findings were refined and through this process, a theoretical framework was obtained. According to the obtained model, the general and specialized competence of marketers in the country’s insurance industry are influenced by factors related to individual capabilities. In addition, the development of the capabilities of insurance marketers with the aim of strengthening their competences are influenced by environmental factors and the policies of the insurance company. In the end, it was found that the development of the capabilities of insurance marketers could lead to the expansion of the country’s insurance industry. CONCLUSION: Based on the investigation of various factors and by emphasizing the necessary developments in the business environment, this research will be able to respond to the deficiencies and gaps in the past-related studies to the competence of insurance marketers. Therefore, strengthening and developing all dimensions and components of this model through planning and using it in attracting and cultivating insurance marketers, evaluating their competences and creating a database of qualified marketers will be able to act as a facilitator for Realization of transformation and development of the insurance industry in the country

Making mathematics relevant is a challenge that requires teachers an extensive understanding on the subject and the learners.This study identifiescertain characteristics teachers should possess while teaching mathematics at a university. Using Grounded theory, data were analysed using constant comparison techniques to develop the theory that “Effective mathematics teacher in a university is characterized by their expertise of the field, research, emotional maturity and morale, physical and aesthetic vitality which inspire students to appreciate and continuously learn mathematical concepts.” Hence, university mathematics teachers should acquire these characteristics to facilitate motivated mathematics learning in the university.

A protocol of a scoping review aiming to systematically document the body of literature that describes how grounded theory has been used in pharmacy practice research to date.

The Individual with Disabilities Education Act mandates nondiscriminatory assessment for children who are culturally and linguistically diverse. Because of the overrepresentation of English Language Learners (ELL) in special education programs in the United States, the focus of this article is the psychoeducational assessment of Spanish- and English-speaking children who are classified as ELL. This article presents a bilingual assessment model that incorporates Cattell-Horn Carroll (CHC) based instruments. The premise of this model is that a learning disability is manifested in L1 (primary language) and L2 (secondary language). The writers present cognitive assessments that are available in English, Spanish, and nonverbal modalities that utilize CHC as the underlying theory. By incorporating these assessments, the school psychologist is in a better position to analyze L1 and L2 assessment data and gain a clearer understanding of strengths and weaknesses and provide linguistically appropriate interventions. (Contains 5 figures and 3 tables.)

The Individual with Disabilities Education Act mandates nondiscriminatory assessment for children who are culturally and linguistically diverse. Because of the overrepresentation of English Language Learners (ELL) in special education programs in the United States, the focus of this article is the psychoeducational assessment of Spanish- and English-speaking children who are classified as ELL. This article presents a bilingual assessment model that incorporates Cattell-Horn Carroll (CHC) based instruments. The premise of this model is that a learning disability is manifested in L1 (primary language) and L2 (secondary language). The writers present cognitive assessments that are available in English, Spanish, and nonverbal modalities that utilize CHC as the underlying theory. By incorporating these assessments, the school psychologist is in a better position to analyze L1 and L2 assessment data and gain a clearer understanding of strengths and weaknesses and provide linguistically appropriate interventions. (Contains 5 figures and 3 tables.)

This article presents a reflection on the application of Grounded Theory methodology in a study which aims at understanding how the identity of libraries is perceived by users. The Grounded Theory, elaborated in the sixties by the sociologists, Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss, and widely applied today in empirical research in varied disciplines, is a methodology of social research and a combination of procedures capable of systematically generating a theory based on data. It is one of the interpretative methods aimed at describing the meanings attributed to phenomena under examination and is particularly suitable for exploring underlying social and psychological processes. Data are examined through different phases – open, selective, axial coding – and then elaborated. In libraries, the use of the GT is a fundamental tool in order to understand the difference between what users perceive and librarians really do. This article takes a look at the history and the main features of the Grounded Theory through its application to four Italian public libraries. The results show that users perceive the library more as "place" and "space" than "service".

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 4 . Abstract Objective: To develop a theoretically sound, client-derived framework to underpin development of a measure reflecting the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on a person's self-identity. Design: Grounded theory, based on transcription of audio recordings from focus group meetings with people who have experienced TBI, analysed with constant comparative methods. Setting: 8 different urban and rural communities in New Zealand. Participants: 49 people (34 men, 15 women), 6 months to 36 years after mild-to-severe TBI. Results: The central concept emerging from the data was that of desiring to be or having lost a sense of being an integrated and valued person. The three main subthemes were: (1) having a coherent, satisfying and complete sense of oneself, (2) respect, validation and acceptance by others and (3) having a valued place in the world. Conclusions: This study reinforces the notion that change in self-identity is an important aspect of life after TBI, and provides information on what this concept means to people with TBI. In order to scientifically evaluate relationships between self-identity and other aspects of health (eg, depression, quality of life), and to test the effect of interventions to address problems with self-identity after TBI, a quantitative tool for evaluation of this construct is required. Themes from this research provide a foundation for the development of a measure of self-identity grounded in the language and experience of people with TBI.

Little is known about the romantic relationship dynamics of couples after natural disasters, despite the potential to serve as both a source and a risk factor for well-being. This study will investigate the post-disaster couple dynamics after the 2023 Türkiye earthquake, integrating the lenses of survivors and couple therapists.

Astronomy of the satellites of the Earth, Jupiter and Saturn: grounded upon Sir Isaac Newton's theory ... By Charles Leadbetter, ... 1729.. Digitized from IA40310709-42 . Previous issue: bim_eighteenth-century_description-of-a-new-ast_margetts-george_1790 . Next issue: bim_eighteenth-century_prodromos-ekleipsis_frankz-thomas_1736 .

Astronomy of the satellites of the Earth, Jupiter and Saturn: grounded upon Sir Isaac Newton's theory ... By Charles Leadbetter, ... 1729.. Digitized from IA40310709-42 . Previous issue: bim_eighteenth-century_description-of-a-new-ast_margetts-george_1790 . Next issue: bim_eighteenth-century_prodromos-ekleipsis_frankz-thomas_1736 .

This systematic review and metanalysis focus on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and academic motivation, grounded in self-determination theory, among elementary to high school students. SES has been studied extensively both as a predictor of academic achievement and student well-being and alternatively, as a moderator between motivation and academic achievement. Still, no metanalysis has assessed the direct effect of SES on academic motivation. SES is assessed using different indicators, such as highest parents' educational attainment, parents’ occupation, or home possessions. There’s no consensus on how SES should be calculated, therefore studies differ in how they measure it. Hence, this systematic review and metanalysis aims to investigate all the different ways that SES has been measured in studies about academic motivation, and whether the choice of some indicators, instead of others, can moderate the relationship between SES and motivation. Furthermore, this meta-analysis aims to asses potential differences of the effect of SES on academic motivation in students from elementary, middle and high school.

There is an existing implementation gap in health AI, due in part to concerns about medicolegal accountability and ethical, responsible decision-making when integrating AI into the clinical workflow. Additionally, there is likely some misalignment of the notion of ‘explainability’ between developers and clinicians. There is an urgent need for clarity to align expectations of clinicians with the technical abilities of developers to ensure that any solutions intended to assist interpretation of AI outputs meet the needs of users. Moreover, clinician education should be geared toward areas where there is a misinterpretation or misunderstanding of the technical capabilities of so-called explainability solutions. This study will explore clinicians' expectations, understanding, and hopes for explainability-related needs of AI systems at the point-of-care, specifically as they relate to responsible clinical decision-making. Through a grounded theory approach, we intend to develop a theoretical framework to ground clinical thinking and interaction with AI, providing actionable directions for development, education, and accountability.

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Introduction: This study consisted of a qualitative investigation into the role of e-mail in work-related burnout among high technology employees working full time and on-site for Internet, hardware, and software companies. Method: Grounded theory methodology was used to provide a systemic approach in categorising, sorting, and analysing data gathered in semi-structured interviews with seventeen high technology workers. Analysis: Data were analysed following the grounded theory principles: open coding and memos for conceptual labelling, axial coding and memos for category building, and selective coding for model building. Results: The end result of the grounded theory process was a theoretical model showing that e-mail misuse and overuse in the context of a fluid, fast-paced, and constantly changing environment, such as the high technology industry, start a chain of events that contributes to prolonged work-related stress or burnout. Conclusion: This study is intended to create awareness of the risks of e-mail becoming an obstacle to productivity and workers' well-being. This awareness allows organisations and individuals to engage in more constructive practices regarding e-mail to the benefit of their social actions and interactions both inside and outside their workplaces. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)

Objective: The country's insurance industry has become highly competitive and this requires the organizational structure and resources of insurance companies to move towards value creation so that they can use the opportunities in the best way to attract customers. Otherwise, over time, they will be removed from the minds of customers and removed from the competition scene. On the other hand, according to Keller, brand value creation is one of the effective measures to gain competitive advantage and gain customers' trust. Therefore, the current research has presented the model of brand value creation in the insurance industry with an emphasis on life insurance. Methodology: The statistical population of this research included life insurance managers of three insurance companies in Sinai, Pasargad, and Iran, who were selected by theoretical sampling and interviews were used to collect the required data and were analyzed using the qualitative method and foundational data approach. Findings: Data analysis with open, axial and selective coding finally led to the presentation of the final model including six main dimensions and twenty-seven sub-dimensions. Conclusion: The analysis showed that the annual increase of insurance premiums in proportion to the inflation rate is the most important solution to reduce the negative effects of inflation on life insurance contracts. In other words, "premium adjustment rate" and "policy capital" should be increased annually according to the inflation rate so that the insurance is value-creating for customers.

Objective: The country's insurance industry has become highly competitive and this requires the organizational structure and resources of insurance companies to move towards value creation so that they can use the opportunities in the best way to attract customers. Otherwise, over time, they will be removed from the minds of customers and removed from the competition scene. On the other hand, according to Keller, brand value creation is one of the effective measures to gain competitive advantage and gain customers' trust. Therefore, the current research has presented the model of brand value creation in the insurance industry with an emphasis on life insurance. Methodology: The statistical population of this research included life insurance managers of three insurance companies in Sinai, Pasargad, and Iran, who were selected by theoretical sampling and interviews were used to collect the required data and were analyzed using the qualitative method and foundational data approach. Findings: Data analysis with open, axial and selective coding finally led to the presentation of the final model including six main dimensions and twenty-seven sub-dimensions. Conclusion: The analysis showed that the annual increase of insurance premiums in proportion to the inflation rate is the most important solution to reduce the negative effects of inflation on life insurance contracts. In other words, "premium adjustment rate" and "policy capital" should be increased annually according to the inflation rate so that the insurance is value-creating for customers.

Objective: The country's insurance industry has become highly competitive and this requires the organizational structure and resources of insurance companies to move towards value creation so that they can use the opportunities in the best way to attract customers. Otherwise, over time, they will be removed from the minds of customers and removed from the competition scene. On the other hand, according to Keller, brand value creation is one of the effective measures to gain competitive advantage and gain customers' trust. Therefore, the current research has presented the model of brand value creation in the insurance industry with an emphasis on life insurance. Methodology: The statistical population of this research included life insurance managers of three insurance companies in Sinai, Pasargad, and Iran, who were selected by theoretical sampling and interviews were used to collect the required data and were analyzed using the qualitative method and foundational data approach. Findings: Data analysis with open, axial and selective coding finally led to the presentation of the final model including six main dimensions and twenty-seven sub-dimensions. Conclusion: The analysis showed that the annual increase of insurance premiums in proportion to the inflation rate is the most important solution to reduce the negative effects of inflation on life insurance contracts. In other words, "premium adjustment rate" and "policy capital" should be increased annually according to the inflation rate so that the insurance is value-creating for customers.

This article is from BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth , volume 14 . Abstract Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a serious matter which threatens maternal and fetal health. The aim of this study was to develop a grounded theoretical model of women’s experience of IPV during pregnancy and how they handle their situation. Method: Ten interviews with women who had experience of being exposed to IPV during pregnancy were analyzed using the grounded theory approach. Results: The core category ‘Struggling to survive for the sake of the unborn baby’ emerged as the main concern of women who are exposed to IPV during pregnancy. The core category also demonstrates how the survivors handle their situation. Also, three sub-core categories emerged, ‘Trapped in the situation’ demonstrates how the pregnant women feel when trapped in the relationship and cannot find their way out. ‘Exposed to mastery’ demonstrates the destructive togetherness whereby the perpetrator’s behavior jeopardizes the safety of the woman and the unborn child. ‘Degradation process’ demonstrates the survivor’s experience of gradual degradation as a result of the relationship with the perpetrator. All are properties of the core category and part of the theoretical model. Conclusion: The theoretical model “Struggling to survive for the sake of the unborn baby” highlights survival as the pregnant women’s main concern and explains their strategies for dealing with experiences of violence during pregnancy. The findings may provide a deeper understanding of this complex matter for midwives and other health care providers. Further, the theoretical model can provide a basis for the development and implementation of prevention and intervention programs that meet the individual woman’s needs.

Intravenous fluid therapy for neurocritical care patients is complex and crucial. We aim to understand how nurses ensure infusion safety in their actual practice, including the challenges encountered, solutions implemented, and safety considerations. Through this research, we hope to improve clinical nursing practices and enhance the level of infusion safety management.

Intravenous fluid therapy for neurocritical care patients is complex and crucial. We aim to understand how nurses ensure infusion safety in their actual practice, including the challenges encountered, solutions implemented, and safety considerations. Through this research, we hope to improve clinical nursing practices and enhance the level of infusion safety management.

This paper joins a handful of others in arguing for a more syncretic approach of using grounded theory with a rigorous literature review.  It distinctively offers more ‘sensitized” version of grounded theory that—in the spirit of Bourdieu and Foucault—is sufficiently reflexive so as not to “force the data,” and critically engages or problematizes the literature with the results.  ‘Sensitized” simply means that our minds come to our specific research data informed by the literature that speaks broadly about our object of research.  “Reflexive” means that the approach emphasizes the sources of distortion or bias in both the literature and the researcher.  To do all of this, sensitized grounded theory entails a distinctive and easily applicable three-phase process. This paper outlines this method’s process in sufficient detail to encourage use, debate, criticism, innovation, and improvement. Finally—as a more pedagogical effort of application—this paper shows how sensitized grounded theory was used to produce actual peer-reviewed research on a topic of crucial importance.

The therapeutic relationship is noted as a key factor in the nurse-patient relationship within a forensic setting (Evans et al., 2012). Therefore, it is important to look at the relational impact of this phenomenon with this population in this particular setting, as research is sparse. The main aim of the proposed research is to explore and understand staff experiences of patient progress in secure inpatient services. It is hoped that the outcomes of this research will generate an explanatory account of the factors that influence nurse-patient relations, in context of perceived progress. Furthermore, the research objective is to inform training and supervision needs for nursing staff, as clinical supervision concerning professional resilience and relational issues is not readily available for forensic nurses (Dickinson & Wright, 2008). This could have possible benefits for patient care in forensic settings. Participants will be Nursing staff currently employed and working in secure inpatient services in the NHS. They will be recruited via the NHS organisation. Eligible participants will be offered an online interview via Microsoft Teams. Semi structured interviews will be conducted which enables versatility and flexibility to let the participant speak freely about the matter at hand. This design will enable reciprocity between the participant and the interviewer allowing follow up questions to be asked based on participants responses and giving space for verbal expression. This is conducive to the research question in seeking how nurses make sense of their experiences. It is expected that interview will last for approximately 60 minutes with optional breaks. Participants will be asked questions around their experiences of patient progress and the impact of this on them and the therapeutic relationship with patients.