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Objective: This scoping review aims to identify current practices in operationalising the positive valence system constructs in reward processing research utilising data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Overview: Understanding factors that affect the neural and behavioural development of reward processing systems has implications for the emergence of psychopathology in adolescence, particularly in the context of anhedonia. Contemporary approaches to reward processing research use the NIH RDoC Positive Valence Systems (PVS) framework, which encompasses three core constructs: reward responsiveness, reward valuation, and reward learning. Studying reward processing through the lens of PVS allows for the mapping of neural processes to specific domains of behaviour, and maintaining this specificity is crucial for neurodevelopmental research. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study offers an unprecedented opportunity to track normative and maladaptive adolescent reward processing trajectories on a large scale, using longitudinal multimodal brain imaging, cognitive tasks, and rich survey-based data. However, to which extent PVS constructs – and their neural correlates – are represented in analyses of ABCD data remains unclear.

Ben Carson's Senate hearing for the Department of Housing & Urban development was just a long conversation about brain surgery https://t.co/i33jPBmKho

Debates on the effect of poverty on brain development in children and its implications for learning have been raging for decades. Research suggests that poverty affects brain development in children and that the implications for learning are more compelling today given the attention the issue has attracted. For instance, studies in the fields of cognitive neuroscience, educational neuroscience, and developmental psychology have shown that living in poverty may indeed change how the brain grows and develops and may have implications for learning through adulthood and professional opportunities. This paper argues that living in poverty may put pre-school and school-aged children at health risks and behavioral problems in the classroom as it upsets brain development. Drawing from available pertinent literature, this paper will through descriptive design and in-depth analysis identify areas of the brain affected by poverty, implications for learning, and recommend possible ways teachers can apply their knowledge of the brain in the classroom to ameliorate the challenges faced by children living in poverty.

As part of a series of reports designed to support the implementation of Proposition 10: The California Children and Families Act and to provide comprehensive and authoritative information on critical issues concerning young children and families in California, this report reviews the research about early childhood brain development, examines the extent to which parents are aware of the importance of early childhood for brain development, identifies known risk and protective factors for cognitive and social-emotional development, and describes interventions that have been shown to support development in these areas. The report concludes by asserting that four findings emerging from neurobiology and psychology--that a child's brain is immature at birth, that it is changed by experience, that the timing of experience can be important, and that relationships influence a child's social and emotional functioning--have important implications for parenting and public policy. The report's two appendices graph the developmental course of human brain development and delineate risk factors and developmental outcomes. (Contains 93 references.) (KB)

As part of a series of reports designed to support the implementation of Proposition 10: The California Children and Families Act and to provide comprehensive and authoritative information on critical issues concerning young children and families in California, this report reviews the research about early childhood brain development, examines the extent to which parents are aware of the importance of early childhood for brain development, identifies known risk and protective factors for cognitive and social-emotional development, and describes interventions that have been shown to support development in these areas. The report concludes by asserting that four findings emerging from neurobiology and psychology--that a child's brain is immature at birth, that it is changed by experience, that the timing of experience can be important, and that relationships influence a child's social and emotional functioning--have important implications for parenting and public policy. The report's two appendices graph the developmental course of human brain development and delineate risk factors and developmental outcomes. (Contains 93 references.) (KB)

This paper consists of two major sections, an address on development planning in developing nations and a discussion of the issues raised in the address by the speaker and individuals from several developing nations. The address was given by Dr. Thorkil Kristensen, Secretary General of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and a former professor of economics. In his address, Dr. Kristensen examines the process of economic development and discusses various steps developing nations can take to speed their development. He suggests that developing nations must attract both physical capital and knowledge to increase the productivity of their land and labor force. Knowledge is more desirable than physical capital, he argues, because it multiplies faster and because a knowledgeable labor force tends to attract physical capital. Therefore, developing nations should strive to import as much knowledge as possible from more developed countries and should take steps to prevent a "brain drain" caused by migration of their own knowledgeable people to richer, more developed countries. (JG)

The physical, chemical, and physiological development of the brain and consequent behavior in all species of higher animals evolves from the continuous interaction of genetic and numerous environmental factors. Among the latter are nutritional, disease, psychological, learning, and cultural variables. Of these, nutrition is concerned directly with providing energy and nutrients needed for cellular structures and various metabolic systems. Indirectly, food may serve as a stimulus for behavior as well as providing a basis for social interaction. In most instances, the specific effects of sub-optimal nutrition on brain development in man are inseparable from those of other environmental factors. In some instances--such as when nutrients are imperfectly utilized owing to inborn errors of metabolism, or when nutrients are lacking--malnutrition, per se, clearly alters the central nervous system by acutely or chronically limiting its metabolic, structural and functional capabilities and performance. In other circumstances, malnutrition, reflected in chronic limitation of amounts of food consumed, may result in general stunting of growth accompanied by reduced brain size, decreased brain cell number, and immature or incomplete biochemical organization of the brain. (Author/JM)

This article examines the impact of mental arithmetic on the development of a child's brain, as well as the functions performed by the right and left hemispheres of the child's brain. Kalekeeva Sarbinaz Turkmenbaevna 2020. Courses of mental arithmetics. Influence on child’s brain development. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 9 (Sep. 2020), 254-256. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i9.641. Pdf Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/641/605 Paper Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/641

Military service members who screen positive for traumatic brain injury (TBI) may subsequently screen positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depression. The objective of this study was to explore the role of sleep as a mediating factor in the development of mental health symptoms postdeployment. A total of 29,640 Navy and Marine Corps men who returned from deployment to Iraq, Afghanistan, or Kuwait during 2008 and 2009 were prospectively evaluated for TBI, sleep problems, PTSD, and depression at two time points. Among those who did not screen positive for PTSD at baseline (n = 29,019), the adjusted odds of receiving a positive PTSD screen at follow-up decreased from 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-2.14) to 1.32 (95% CI 0.99-1.77) for a subject screening positive for TBI relative to a subject screening negative. Likewise, after controlling for sleep problems, the adjusted odds of receiving a positive depression screen decreased from 1.41 (95% CI 1.11-1.80) to 1.15 (95% CI 0.90-1.47) among service members screening negative for depression at baseline (n = 27,702). Based on these findings, sleep problems mediated 26% of TBI's effect on PTSD and 41% of TBI's effect on depression. Results suggest that sleep problems may be an early indicator of risk for PTSD and depression.

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"References for further reading": v. 2, p. 1047-1075

"References for further reading": v. 2, p. 1047-1075

This article is from Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience , volume 6 . Abstract This paper uses human movement analyses to assess the susceptibility of brain stroke, one of the most important causes of disability in elders. To that end, a computerized battery of nine neuromuscular tests has been designed and evaluated with a sample of 120 subjects with or without stoke risk factors. The kinematics of the movements produced was analyzed using a computational neuromuscular model and predictive characteristics were extracted. Logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation was used to infer the probability of presence of brain stroke risk factors. The clinical potential value of movement information for stroke prevention was assessed by computing area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the diagnostic of risk factors based on motion analysis. AUC mostly varying between 0.6 and 0.9 were obtained, depending on the neuromuscular test and the risk factor investigated (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, and cardiac disease). Our results support the feasibility of the proposed methodology and its potential application for the development of brain stroke prevention tools. Although further research is needed to improve this methodology and its outcome, results are promising and the proposed approach should be of great interest for many experimenters open to novel approaches in preventive medicine and in gerontology. It should also be valuable for engineers, psychologists, and researchers using human movements for the development of diagnostic and neuromuscular assessment tools.

This article is from Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience , volume 6 . Abstract This paper uses human movement analyses to assess the susceptibility of brain stroke, one of the most important causes of disability in elders. To that end, a computerized battery of nine neuromuscular tests has been designed and evaluated with a sample of 120 subjects with or without stoke risk factors. The kinematics of the movements produced was analyzed using a computational neuromuscular model and predictive characteristics were extracted. Logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation was used to infer the probability of presence of brain stroke risk factors. The clinical potential value of movement information for stroke prevention was assessed by computing area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the diagnostic of risk factors based on motion analysis. AUC mostly varying between 0.6 and 0.9 were obtained, depending on the neuromuscular test and the risk factor investigated (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, and cardiac disease). Our results support the feasibility of the proposed methodology and its potential application for the development of brain stroke prevention tools. Although further research is needed to improve this methodology and its outcome, results are promising and the proposed approach should be of great interest for many experimenters open to novel approaches in preventive medicine and in gerontology. It should also be valuable for engineers, psychologists, and researchers using human movements for the development of diagnostic and neuromuscular assessment tools.

This article is from Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience , volume 6 . Abstract This paper uses human movement analyses to assess the susceptibility of brain stroke, one of the most important causes of disability in elders. To that end, a computerized battery of nine neuromuscular tests has been designed and evaluated with a sample of 120 subjects with or without stoke risk factors. The kinematics of the movements produced was analyzed using a computational neuromuscular model and predictive characteristics were extracted. Logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation was used to infer the probability of presence of brain stroke risk factors. The clinical potential value of movement information for stroke prevention was assessed by computing area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the diagnostic of risk factors based on motion analysis. AUC mostly varying between 0.6 and 0.9 were obtained, depending on the neuromuscular test and the risk factor investigated (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, and cardiac disease). Our results support the feasibility of the proposed methodology and its potential application for the development of brain stroke prevention tools. Although further research is needed to improve this methodology and its outcome, results are promising and the proposed approach should be of great interest for many experimenters open to novel approaches in preventive medicine and in gerontology. It should also be valuable for engineers, psychologists, and researchers using human movements for the development of diagnostic and neuromuscular assessment tools.

This article is from Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience , volume 6 . Abstract This paper uses human movement analyses to assess the susceptibility of brain stroke, one of the most important causes of disability in elders. To that end, a computerized battery of nine neuromuscular tests has been designed and evaluated with a sample of 120 subjects with or without stoke risk factors. The kinematics of the movements produced was analyzed using a computational neuromuscular model and predictive characteristics were extracted. Logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation was used to infer the probability of presence of brain stroke risk factors. The clinical potential value of movement information for stroke prevention was assessed by computing area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the diagnostic of risk factors based on motion analysis. AUC mostly varying between 0.6 and 0.9 were obtained, depending on the neuromuscular test and the risk factor investigated (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, and cardiac disease). Our results support the feasibility of the proposed methodology and its potential application for the development of brain stroke prevention tools. Although further research is needed to improve this methodology and its outcome, results are promising and the proposed approach should be of great interest for many experimenters open to novel approaches in preventive medicine and in gerontology. It should also be valuable for engineers, psychologists, and researchers using human movements for the development of diagnostic and neuromuscular assessment tools.

This article is from Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , volume 7 . Abstract Neuroanatomical, molecular, and paleontological evidence is examined in light of human brain evolution. The brain of extant humans differs from the brains of other primates in its overall size and organization, and differences in size and organization of specific cortical areas and subcortical structures implicated into complex cognition and social and emotional processing. The human brain is also characterized by functional lateralizations, reflecting specializations of the cerebral hemispheres in humans for different types of processing, facilitating fast and reliable communication between neural cells in an enlarged brain. The features observed in the adult brain reflect human-specific patterns of brain development. Compared to the brains of other primates, the human brain takes longer to mature, promoting an extended period for establishing cortical microcircuitry and its modifications. Together, these features may underlie the prolonged period of learning and acquisition of technical and social skills necessary for survival, creating a unique cognitive and behavioral niche typical of our species. The neuroanatomical findings are in concordance with molecular analyses, which suggest a trend toward heterochrony in the expression of genes implicated in different functions. These include synaptogenesis, neuronal maturation, and plasticity in humans, mutations in genes implicated in neurite outgrowth and plasticity, and an increased role of regulatory mechanisms, potentially promoting fast modification of neuronal morphologies in response to new computational demands. At the same time, endocranial casts of fossil hominins provide an insight into the timing of the emergence of uniquely human features in the course of evolution. We conclude by proposing several ways of combining comparative neuroanatomy, molecular biology and insights gained from fossil endocasts in future research.

  Try the Super Hydrated Oxygated Water and see the amazing results for yourself at https://inhalehydration.com/discount/SARAHWESTALLShow more Fix the addictive issue with M Blue with Mitocure RX and increase your body's energy permanently https://wi2fproducts/mitocure-rxt/SarahMitoCure?redirect=%2Fproducts%2Fmitocure-rx Purchase NMN+G RX at https://wizardsciences.com/discount/SarahNMN?redirect=%2Fproducts%2Fnmn-rx Learn more about Ion Mitchell's lab and products at https://wizardsciences.com/?rfsn=7902827.b22640&utm_source=refersion&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=7902827.b22640 Scientist and futurist, Ion Mitchell, rejoins the program to discuss the amazing abilities our body and brain has when functioning properly and put under healthy stress and exercise. Mitchell has worked for leading labs across the country including for NASA. He now runs his own lab and generates products for his own company and for many other companies in the industry. You can learn more about Ion and his products at https://wizardsciences.com/?rfsn=7902827.b22640&utm_source=refersion&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=7902827.b22640 MUSIC CREDITS: “In Epic World” by Valentina Gribanova, licensed for broad internet media use, including video and audio Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. Disclaimer: "As a journalist, I report what significant newsmakers are claiming. I do not have the resources or time to fully investigate all claims. Stories and people interviewed are selected based on relevance, listener requests, and by suggestions of those I highly respect. It is the responsibility of each viewer to evaluate the facts presented and then research each story further. Show less CSID: 035adbea301fe272 Content Managed by ContentSafe.co

Self-regulation–a multidimensional construct that encompasses aspects of executive function (EF), self-control, effortful control, delay of gratification, and emotion regulation–is a developmental process associated with both cognitive development and psychosocial wellbeing in childhood (Ursache et al., 2011; McClelland et al., 2018). Previous work has highlighted the role of sleep and stress on the development of self-regulation in childhood, indicating that adequate duration and quality of sleep supports self regulation, while experiences of stress negatively impact self regulation development (Bernier et al., 2013; Blair & Raver, 2012; Williams et al., 2017). The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key brain region underlying self-regulation processes (Blair & Ursache, 2011; Heatherton & Wagner, 2011) and is shaped by the environmental factors of (1) stress—via cortical thickness (CT) (Feola et al., 2020), volume (V) (Hanson et al., 2012), and surface area (SA) (Stomby et al., 2016)—and (2) sleep—via CT (Goldstone et al., 2018) and V (Kocevska et al., 2016; Urilla et al., 2017). The amygdala and hippocampus are also key regions associated with sleep and stress, and may have implications for self regulation development (Gunnar & Quevedo, 2007; Hansen & Simon et al., 2022; McEwen, 2007; Oshri et al., 2019). However, it is unclear whether the structure of these brain regions mechanistically links experiential measures (stress, sleep) and self regulation development during childhood. The present, pre-registered study (https://osf.io/dn9pg) fills this gap by investigating whether and how sleep and stress influence self-regulation in early childhood, and whether the structure (CT, SA, and V) of neuroanatomical regions of interest (PFC, amygdala, hippocampus) mediate these relationships. Specifically, we examine three hypotheses: H1: Greater cumulative childhood stress will be associated with lower self-regulation. H2: Less sleep/lower quality sleep will be associated with lower self-regulation. H3: The relationships described in H1 and H2 will be mediated by (a) CT, SA, and V of the PFC bilaterally, and (b) volume of the amygdala and hippocampus bilaterally. Participants were 76 children (59% male) aged 4-7 years old (M=5.7 years, SD=0.7) enrolled in either pre-K or Kindergarten, and were socioeconomically, racially, and ethnically diverse. Caregivers reported family income-to-needs ratio, and completed standardized questionnaires about child stress (LES-C; Coddington, 1972), child sleep quality and duration (TCSQ; McGreavey et al., 2005), and self-regulation (BASC-2; Kamphaus & Reynolds, 2011; BRIEF-2; Gioia et al., 2015). Children also completed whole-head, high resolution T1 MPRAGE MRI scans, and automated and manual quality checks were applied. Freesurfer will be used to extract CT, SA, and V of the bilateral PFC (superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri), and the V of bilateral hippocampi and amygdalae. Hypotheses will be evaluated using multiple regression models and bootstrapped mediation analyses, controlling for child age, sex, and income-to-needs ratio. Additionally, supplementary, exploratory analyses will examine hypotheses in whole-brain analyses using general linear models in Freesurfer. Results will help elucidate the neuroanatomical mechanisms by which sleep and stress influence the development of self-regulation in early childhood, which has implications for reducing disparities in this key developmental capacity that is crucial for school readiness and child wellbeing. Additionally, because both sleep and stress are affected by structural inequities (e.g., noise exposure, violence exposure, income inequality), this work also has important implications for focusing interventions on structural factors that may ultimately lead to broader social and educational equity.

This project aims to examine the neural responses of elite athletes using electroencephalography (EEG) during cognitive-perceptual training of anticipation in tennis. Skilled anticipation will be assessed using a previously validated and published tennis anticipation EEG paradigm (Denis et al., 2017). The cognitive perceptual training protocol is based on previous literature that used cognitive-perceptual anticipatory training to improve behavioural performance in tennis players on a measure of anticipation (Smeeton et al., 2005).

This longitudinal study explores relations between language input and brain myelination over the first years of life using LENA and MRI technology.

The present study wants to evaluate the brain development of extremely preterm infants by analyzing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at 30 and 40 weeks of corrected age. Additionally, the study aims to investigate how interpersonal variability, clinical history, and brain injuries are correlated with subsequent outcomes and MRI images obtained at 8-12 years of age. The data of preterm infants will then be compared to MRI scans obtained from healthy children, who are participants in the YOUth study. Our focus is on examining both longitudinal and cross-sectional data in order to explore potential differences in growth trajectories between these two groups.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) encompasses physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments stemming from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, contributing to an elevated risk of internalizing disorders and disruptions in structural brain connectivity during childhood. The present study extends previous work linking PAE to connectivity alterations in the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum bundle tracts. Differences in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in these tracts correlate with heightened internalizing symptoms in adolescence, likely due to their connections with emotional processing and self-regulation brain regions. Thus, given the shared outcomes and temporal sequence of PAE and structural connectivity changes, our research will investigate if PAE alters the structure of key brain tracts during development, heightening the risk of internalizing symptoms in adolescence. By utilizing data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, we focus on a cohort of mothers and their offspring (ages 9-10 at baseline) with maternal self-report on in-utero alcohol exposure. We will conduct a mediation analysis with PAE as the predictor, diffusion tensor imaging in the offspring at ages 9-10 as the mediator, and parent-reported internalizing symptoms in the offspring at ages 11-14 as our outcome. By integrating neuroscience, psychology, and public health insights, this study aims to inform interventions and public health strategies for this population.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) encompasses physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments stemming from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, contributing to an elevated risk of internalizing disorders and disruptions in structural brain connectivity during childhood. The present study extends previous work linking PAE to connectivity alterations in the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum bundle tracts. Differences in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in these tracts correlate with heightened internalizing symptoms in adolescence, likely due to their connections with emotional processing and self-regulation brain regions. Thus, given the shared outcomes and temporal sequence of PAE and structural connectivity changes, our research will investigate if PAE alters the structure of key brain tracts during development, heightening the risk of internalizing symptoms in adolescence. By utilizing data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, we focus on a cohort of mothers and their offspring (ages 9-10 at baseline) with maternal self-report on in-utero alcohol exposure. We will conduct a mediation analysis with PAE as the predictor, diffusion tensor imaging in the offspring at ages 9-10 as the mediator, and parent-reported internalizing symptoms in the offspring at ages 11-14 as our outcome. By integrating neuroscience, psychology, and public health insights, this study aims to inform interventions and public health strategies for this population.

Examining associations between greenspace exposure, brain structure, and mental health and academic performance during early adolescence

Dimensional approaches to understanding the impact of exposure to early-life adversity (ELA) have become increasingly prominent in the field and have pointed to the value of considering the differential impact of specific ELA dimensions on neural development and psychopathology. Using a data-driven approach, researchers have identified categorical types of ELA, such as physical trauma, family aggression, and socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., Brieant et al., 2023). Alternatively, using a theory-driven approach, researchers have identified and measured distinct experiential dimensions of ELA, such as threat, deprivation, unpredictability, and uncontrollability (Cohodes et al., 2023; McLaughlin et al., 2021). Large-scale longitudinal datasets, such as the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study offer valuable information to test the impact of categorical types, but does not systematically assess experiential dimensions (i.e., threat, deprivation, unpredictability, and uncontrollability), making it challenging to assess how these experiential dimensions may be associated with longitudinal emotional and psychological functioning. In the absence of participants’ subjective ratings of threat, deprivation, uncontrollability, and unpredictability, obtaining independent ratings of individual adverse events and categorical types (e.g., physical trauma, family aggression, and socioeconomic disadvantage) provides an imperfect yet feasible alternative to establish the norms for how threatening, depriving, uncontrollable, and unpredictable each individual event and categorical dimension of ELA is. These independent ratings can then be applied with the ABCD dataset and used to assess the impact of these experiential dimensions. Previous studies have linked independent ratings of uncontrollability to the efficacy of reappraisal (Troy et al., 2013), supporting the feasibility of applying independent ratings of these dimensions to stressful life events. Therefore, the present study aims to 1) establish normative ratings of threat, deprivation, uncontrollability, and unpredictability for individual adverse events and categorical types of ELA reported in ABCD (Brieant et al., 2023) as well as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 1994), 2) compare these ratings for each categorical dimension between those who have experienced at least one event within the dimension and those who have not experienced any event within the dimension, and 3) examine the relationship between experienced threat, deprivation, uncontrollability, and unpredictability and emotion regulation and mental health.

"Vaccines and Brain Development" - Dr. Russell Blaylock CDC officials claim vaccines are safe and effective. Is that true? If vaccines are safe, why did the incidence of autism increase from one case of autism in 10,000 American children to one case of autism in 150 American children after the massive childhood vaccination program began? If childhood vaccines are safe, why are 560,000 vaccinated children afflicted with autism while nonvaccinated Amish and Mennonite children rarely have the disease? Why has the incidence of asthma, allergies, autoimmune disease, Type I diabetes, and neurologic conditions dramatically increased in vaccinated children? Why do obstetricians give pregnant women influenza vaccines that contain a toxic dose of mercury? Why do newborn children receive Hepatitis B vaccine in the nursery when there is no medical justification for the immunization? Dr. Blaylock's discussion addresses those, and many other, issues. If you are concerned about your health, and the health of your family, you must watch this DVD. This presentation was given at the 2008 Radio Liberty Seminar. Get DVD here http://www.radioliberty.com/vvabd.html

Using data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study, we plan to examine the following questions: 1) Is school ethnic density associated with psychopathology symptoms in Black, Latine, and White children? 2) Are there differences according to immigration generation?

Pre-registration for study focusing on screen usage patterns and major depressive within the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study dataset.

86 pages : 28 cm

Proliferation of chemical and biological weapons (CBW) is one of the most dangerous challenges in the modern world. Among the countries that developed CBW, the most advanced programs were in the former Soviet Union. At the beginning of the l99Os, Russia inherited most of the main centers of CBW production and development from the former Soviet Union. The Russian government terminated most CBW programs during the l99Os, leaving scientific personnel almost completely on their own. Many Russian CBW scientists in this situation looked for employment abroad. At the same time countries of proliferation concern, especially Iran and Syria, sought foreign experts to assist their CBW programs. This thesis examined the emigration of highly qualified CBW scientists from Russia during the 199Os. The methodology is an analytical assessment of the literature and critical synthesis of information in the CBW field available from newspapers, journals and the WWW. The thesis concluded that the CBW brain drain from Russia during the l99Os did occur to a very limited degree. Iran and Syria were successful in finding and employing some Russian CBW expertise. The Russian government implemented different programs to combat brain drain during the l99Os, but all of them failed because of the lack of funding. The US - funded programs to stop brain drain from Russia and convert former military researchers to civilian projects appeared to be effective during the 199Os.

One brain hemisphere from 32 individuals with idiopathic autism, 12 subjects with duplications 15q11.2-q13/autism and 28 control subjects has been embedded in celloidin or polyethylene glycol, cut into serial 200 m or 50 m thick serial sections. The preserved material has been used for morphometric studies in Project 2. Application of neuropathological exclusion criteria (comorbidity, pre- and peri-mortem alterations, autolysis) reduced the risk of distortion of morphometric studies and revealed different pattern of developmental changes in autism with unknown and known etiology. The study revealed microcephaly in duplications 15q11.2-q13, heterotopias and dysplastic changes in the hippocampus in 89% of dup 15 cases (10% in idiopathic autism). Cerebral cortical dysplasia was found only in idiopathic autism (50%). The detected microcephaly, topography and severity of developmental abnormalities explained the higher risk of early onset of seizures and sudden death in dup(15). The study of developmental abnormalities in the hypothalamic nuclei and in the serotonergic system in raph nuclei revealed a severe delay of neuronal growth in structures known to have trophic functions, acting as a potential initiator/enhancer of the developmental delay detected in Project 2.

Rhesus monkey brain development during late infancy and the effect of phencyclidine: A longitudinal MRI and DTI study 作者： Liu, Huilang 1 Bai, Fan 1 Ma, Yuanye 1 Wang, Jianhong 1 Liu, Huilang 2 Bai, Fan 2 Ma, Yuanye 2 Wang, Jianhong 2 Liu, Huilang 3 Bai, Fan 3 Ma, Yuanye 3 Wang, Jianhong 3 Liu, Cirong 4 Liu, Cirong 5 Liu, Cirong 6 Tian, Xiaoguang 7 Tian, Xiaoguang 8 Mo, Yin 9 Zhao, Xudong 10 Ma, Yuanye 10 Ma, Yuanye 11 作者单位： 1. Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Primate Model Brain Dis, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. 2. Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Anim Models & Human Dis Mech, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. 3. Kunming Inst Zool, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. 4. Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. 5. Chinese Acad Sci, Brainnetome Ctr, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. 6. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Pattern Recognit, Inst Automat, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. 7. Int Max Planck Res Sch, Grad Sch Neural & Behav Sci, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. 8. Werner Reichardt Ctr Integrat Neurosci, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. 9. Kunming Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Med Imaging, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. 10. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, State Key Lab Brain & Cognit Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. 11. Yunnan Key Lab Primate Biomed Res, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China. 提交时间： 2016-05-11 摘要: Early brain development is a complex and rapid process, the disturbance of which may cause the onset of brain disorders. Based on longitudinal imaging data acquired from 6 to 16 months postnatal, we describe a systematic trajectory of monkey brain development during late infancy, and demonstrate the influence of phencyclidine (PCP) on this trajectory. Although the general developmental trajectory of the monkey brain was close to that of the human brain, the development in monkeys was faster and regionally specific. Gray matter volume began to decrease during late infancy in monkeys, much earlier than in humans in whom it occurs in adolescence. Additionally, the decrease of gray matter volume in higher-order association regions (the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes) occurred later than in regions for primary functions (the occipital lobe and cerebellum). White matter volume displayed an increasing trend in most brain regions, but not in the occipital lobe, which had a stable volume. In addition, based on diffusion tensor imaging, we found an increase in fractional anisotropy and a decrease in diffusivity, which may be associated with myelination and axonal changes in white matter tracts. Meanwhile, we tested the influence of 14-day PCP treatment on the developmental trajectories. Such treatment tended to accelerated brain maturation during late infancy, although not statistically significant. These findings provide comparative information for the understanding of primate brain maturation and neurodevelopmental disorders. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. WHITE-MATTER DEVELOPMENT NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS NEURODEVELOPMENTAL MODEL SPATIAL STATISTICS PREFRONTAL CORTEX SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM DIFFUSION SCHIZOPHRENIA CHILDHOOD REGISTRATION 期刊： NEUROIMAGE 分类： 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 神经科学 引用： ChinaXiv:201605.01270 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:201605.01270V1 ) doi:10.12074/201605.01270 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.201605.01270.V1 推荐引用方式： Liu, Huilang,Bai, Fan,Ma, Yuanye,Wang, Jianhong,Liu, Huilang,Bai, Fan,Ma, Yuanye,Wang, Jianhong,Liu, Huilang,Bai, Fan,Ma, Yuanye,Wang, Jianhong,Liu, Cirong,Liu, Cirong,Liu, Cirong,Tian, Xiaoguang,Tian, Xiaoguang,Mo, Yin,Zhao, Xudong,Ma, Yuanye,Ma, Yuanye.(2016).Rhesus monkey brain development during late infancy and the effect of phencyclidine: A longitudinal MRI and DTI study.NEUROIMAGE.[ChinaXiv:201605.01270] 版本历史 [V1] 2016-05-11 08:40:36 ChinaXiv:201605.01270V1 下载全文

Rhesus monkey brain development during late infancy and the effect of phencyclidine: A longitudinal MRI and DTI study 作者： Liu, Huilang 1 Bai, Fan 1 Ma, Yuanye 1 Wang, Jianhong 1 Liu, Huilang 2 Bai, Fan 2 Ma, Yuanye 2 Wang, Jianhong 2 Liu, Huilang 3 Bai, Fan 3 Ma, Yuanye 3 Wang, Jianhong 3 Liu, Cirong 4 Liu, Cirong 5 Liu, Cirong 6 Tian, Xiaoguang 7 Tian, Xiaoguang 8 Mo, Yin 9 Zhao, Xudong 10 Ma, Yuanye 10 Ma, Yuanye 11 作者单位： 1. Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Primate Model Brain Dis, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. 2. Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Anim Models & Human Dis Mech, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. 3. Kunming Inst Zool, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. 4. Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. 5. Chinese Acad Sci, Brainnetome Ctr, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. 6. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Pattern Recognit, Inst Automat, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. 7. Int Max Planck Res Sch, Grad Sch Neural & Behav Sci, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. 8. Werner Reichardt Ctr Integrat Neurosci, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. 9. Kunming Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Med Imaging, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. 10. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, State Key Lab Brain & Cognit Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. 11. Yunnan Key Lab Primate Biomed Res, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China. 提交时间： 2016-05-11 摘要: Early brain development is a complex and rapid process, the disturbance of which may cause the onset of brain disorders. Based on longitudinal imaging data acquired from 6 to 16 months postnatal, we describe a systematic trajectory of monkey brain development during late infancy, and demonstrate the influence of phencyclidine (PCP) on this trajectory. Although the general developmental trajectory of the monkey brain was close to that of the human brain, the development in monkeys was faster and regionally specific. Gray matter volume began to decrease during late infancy in monkeys, much earlier than in humans in whom it occurs in adolescence. Additionally, the decrease of gray matter volume in higher-order association regions (the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes) occurred later than in regions for primary functions (the occipital lobe and cerebellum). White matter volume displayed an increasing trend in most brain regions, but not in the occipital lobe, which had a stable volume. In addition, based on diffusion tensor imaging, we found an increase in fractional anisotropy and a decrease in diffusivity, which may be associated with myelination and axonal changes in white matter tracts. Meanwhile, we tested the influence of 14-day PCP treatment on the developmental trajectories. Such treatment tended to accelerated brain maturation during late infancy, although not statistically significant. These findings provide comparative information for the understanding of primate brain maturation and neurodevelopmental disorders. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. WHITE-MATTER DEVELOPMENT NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS NEURODEVELOPMENTAL MODEL SPATIAL STATISTICS PREFRONTAL CORTEX SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM DIFFUSION SCHIZOPHRENIA CHILDHOOD REGISTRATION 期刊： NEUROIMAGE 分类： 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 神经科学 引用： ChinaXiv:201605.01270 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:201605.01270V1 ) doi:10.12074/201605.01270 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.201605.01270.V1 推荐引用方式： Liu, Huilang,Bai, Fan,Ma, Yuanye,Wang, Jianhong,Liu, Huilang,Bai, Fan,Ma, Yuanye,Wang, Jianhong,Liu, Huilang,Bai, Fan,Ma, Yuanye,Wang, Jianhong,Liu, Cirong,Liu, Cirong,Liu, Cirong,Tian, Xiaoguang,Tian, Xiaoguang,Mo, Yin,Zhao, Xudong,Ma, Yuanye,Ma, Yuanye.(2016).Rhesus monkey brain development during late infancy and the effect of phencyclidine: A longitudinal MRI and DTI study.NEUROIMAGE.[ChinaXiv:201605.01270] 版本历史 [V1] 2016-05-11 08:40:36 ChinaXiv:201605.01270V1 下载全文

The author describes damage and normal development of the brain, as well as assessment and intervention with brain-damaged children. After a brief introduction on the complex and delicate process of brain development and a review of incidence, aspects of etiology such as genetic and postnatal causes are discussed. Brain development is examined relative to such topics as cell migration, dendrite elaboration, and myelination. Mechanisms of brain damage covered include hemorrhage, hypoxia, and delayed response. Among suggestions given for assessment, observation of how the child functions is emphasized, a list of laboratory tests is presented, and seizures are addressed. Intervention is discussed in relation to aspects such as goals, maturation, skill development, and support for parents. (MC)

Athletes in contact sports who have sustained multiple concussive traumatic brain injuries are at high risk for delayed, progressive neurological and psychiatric deterioration. This syndrome is termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and is also known as dementia pugilistica or punch drunk syndrome. US military personnel and others who have sustained multiple concussive traumatic brain injuries may also be at risk for this condition. Currently, there are no methods to identify progressive tau pathology in living humans. Hypothesis: Aggregated forms of hyperphosphorylated tau protein formed acutely in the setting of traumatic brain injury can seed further aggregation of intracellular tau in nearby cells, leading to delayed propagation of tau pathology and neurodegeneration. Objective: To develop standardized, high-throughput blood and cerebrospinal fluid assays for aggregated forms of tau responsible for propagation of tau pathology after traumatic brain injury. Progress to date: To date, none of the attempts to model progressive tau pathology after repetitive concussive TBI in mice has been optimal. Ongoing efforts include development of more sensitive methods to detect tau, and combinations of repetitive concussive TBI with binge ethanol administration. Substantial progress towards increasing the sensitivity of cell-based assays for tau aggregation activity has been made, and additional antibody-based tau detection methods for blood samples are in development.

The purpose of our research proposal is to determine how the deletion of Tsc1 and mTOR dysregulation affects thalamus development and function. An addition goal of our research was to use our conditional gene deletion system to test the ability of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin to ameliorate neurological phenotypes depending upon the time and duration of treatment. During this research period, we further advanced our novel genetic approach to control Tsc1 gene deletion concomitant with cell lineage tracing and biochemical analysis to better understand the developmental aspects of Tuberous Sclerosis. A major set of findings is that we identified cellular, molecular, circuitry, and behavioral changes that occur during development and are specific to distinct temporal roles of Tsc1 and the mTOR pathway. Specifically, we showed that early embryonic deletion of Tsc1 resulted in mTOR dysregulation within 48 hours and this dysregulation persisted throughout the life of the mice; this is the first report of the kinetics of mTOR dysregulation. In addition, we showed that neural circuits that connect the thalamus and cerebral cortex are disrupted by early or late deletion of Tsc1 and that the neural circuit abnormality is first observed at the end of embryogenesis (five days after mTOR dysregulation). Thus, specific phenotypes emerge rapidly and others appear over a more prolonged developmental window. We then used biochemistry to show that proteins involved in synaptic architecture are altered by the early deletion of Tsc1. Finally, we show that behavioral alterations are strongly associated with the time of Tsc1 function. We initiated studies to address our additional and have begun delineate the most effective method and dose of rapamycin that can support development while at the same time effectively suppressing the mTOR pathway.

Sedated anesthesiology is integral to modern medical practice, yet concerns regarding its impact on brain development, particularly in vulnerable populations, have emerged. This review comprehensively examines the detrimental effects of sedated anaesthesia on brain development across the lifespan. In children, exposure to anaesthesia during early childhood has been linked to long-term cognitive deficits and behavioural issues. Studies demonstrate disruptions in memory and learning processes, suggesting potential neurodevelopmental consequences. Similarly, adolescents exposed to sedated anaesthesia exhibit persistent deficits in learning and memory, with a higher incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders observed in those with multiple exposures. In adults, sedated anaesthesia exposure is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia, underscoring the importance of considering anaesthesia-related risks in this population. The neurotoxic effects of sedated anaesthesia may exacerbate age-related cognitive decline, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring and risk mitigation strategies. Overall, this review emphasizes the urgent need for further research into alternative anaesthetic techniques to mitigate the adverse effects of sedated anaesthesia on brain health. Understanding the impact of sedated anaesthesia across different age groups is crucial for informed decision-making in clinical practice and policy formulation, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients undergoing medical procedures.

A review of previous mammalian visual systems neurological and psychological research is presented. Results of previous research motivated the development of a device that would record fine grained electroencephalic data from the surface of a living mammalian cortex. A multiplexing multielectrode array has been developed and tested for this purpose. The device consists of a four by four array of electrodes and sixteen junction field effect transistors fabricated on a silicon substrate using integrated circuit manufacturing techniques. In vitro tests indicated the device is capable of detecting and multiplexing fine grained cortical signals. Technical problems with the passivation material precluded in vivo evaluation. A solution to this problem is presented and an in vivo test procedure recommended. (Author)

Students in 24 perceptual development classes for the minimally brain injured were studied to determine the effect of structured physical activity on motor skill development, to compare this effect with the effect of unstructured activity, and to determine the effect of an increased amount of time of physical activity. The Johnson Test of Motor Skill Development was administered before and after an 8-week program. The experimental group of classes was given structured physical activities; the control group had regular play periods. Results indicated a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group (p

Brain growth and change is a key factor in adolescent development, influencing cognitions, emotions, and behavior. As technology has improved, so has the research on the adolescent brain. School counselors working with adolescents need to be familiar with recent literature to be more effective in their work with middle and high school students. Understanding changes in teens' brains and the impact it has on cognitive and personal/social development may assist school counselors in building a developmentally appropriate secondary school counseling program that better meets the needs of adolescent student populations.

Brain growth and change is a key factor in adolescent development, influencing cognitions, emotions, and behavior. As technology has improved, so has the research on the adolescent brain. School counselors working with adolescents need to be familiar with recent literature to be more effective in their work with middle and high school students. Understanding changes in teens' brains and the impact it has on cognitive and personal/social development may assist school counselors in building a developmentally appropriate secondary school counseling program that better meets the needs of adolescent student populations.

Brain growth and change is a key factor in adolescent development, influencing cognitions, emotions, and behavior. As technology has improved, so has the research on the adolescent brain. School counselors working with adolescents need to be familiar with recent literature to be more effective in their work with middle and high school students. Understanding changes in teens' brains and the impact it has on cognitive and personal/social development may assist school counselors in building a developmentally appropriate secondary school counseling program that better meets the needs of adolescent student populations.

This scoping review aims to investigate the relationship between brain based learning and thinking skills. Specifically, explore the development of study material which includes the design and validation process of brain based learning material and instruments for measuring thinking skills. This review also aims to find out the effectiveness of brain based learning on thinking skills.

The aim of this study was to characterize the type, topography and severity of developmental changes in the brain of people diagnosed with autism. To detect global pattern of brain pathology, the entire brain hemisphere was embedded in celloidin or polyethylene glycol and cut into hemispheric sections. Examination of CV stained serial sections revealed a broad spectrum of brain structure changes (defects of neurogenesis, migration, gyrification and dysplasia) affecting both gray and white matter in the brain and cerebellum of autistic subjects including: subependymal nodular dysplasia and thickening of subependymal layer; polymicrogyria; cerebellar hypoplasia and floculonodular dysplasia; broad spectrum of dysplastic changes in the neo- and archicortex, cornu Ammonis, dentate gyrus and amygdala; and heterotopias in the white matter in cerebellum, brain hemisphere and hippocampus. The study of 22 brains of subjects with idiopathic autism revealed changes in approximately 90% of cases and in all four examined brains of subjects with autism/Ch15Dupl. The type of detected changes indicates that all of these changes reflect fetal developmental alterations. Presence of these changes in autistic subjects, regardless of age, indicates that they are permanent alterations of brain structure and may contribute to the core clinical phenotype of autism.

Blast-related traumatic brain injury is the most prevalent injury for combat personnel seen in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, yet as a research community, we still do not fully understand the detailed etiology and pathology of this injury. Finite element (FE) modeling is well suited for studying the mechanical response of the head and brain to blast loading. This paper details the development of a FE head and brain model for blast simulation by examining both the dilatational and deviatoric response of the brain as potential injury mechanisms. The levels of blast exposure simulated ranged from 50 to 1000 kPa peak incident overpressure and 1 8 ms in positive-phase duration, and were comparable to real-world blast events. The frontal portion of the brain had the highest pressures corresponding to the location of initial impact, and peak pressure attenuated by 40 60% as the wave propagated from the frontal to the occipital lobe. Predicted brain pressures were primarily dependent on the peak overpressure of the impinging blast wave, and the highest predicted brain pressures were 30% less than the reflected pressure at the surface of blast impact. Predicted shear strain was highest at the interface between the brain and the CSF. Strain magnitude was largely dependent on the impulse of the blast, and primarily caused by the radial coupling between the brain and deforming skull.The largest predicted strains were generally less than 10%, and occurred after the shock wave passed through the head. For blasts with high impulses, CSF cavitation had a large role in increasing strain levels in the cerebral cortex and periventricular tissues by decoupling the brain from the skull. Relating the results of this study with recent experimental blast testing suggest that a rate-dependent strain-based tissue injury mechanism is the source primary blast TBI.

This article is from Translational Psychiatry , volume 2 . Abstract A developmental increase in working memory capacity is an important part of cognitive development, and low working memory (WM) capacity is a risk factor for developing psychopathology. Brain activity represents a promising endophenotype for linking genes to behavior and for improving our understanding of the neurobiology of WM development. We investigated gene–brain–behavior relationships by focusing on 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in six dopaminergic candidate genes (COMT, SLC6A3/DAT1, DBH, DRD4, DRD5, MAOA). Visuospatial WM (VSWM) brain activity, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, and VSWM capacity were assessed in a longitudinal study of typically developing children and adolescents. Behavioral problems were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). One SNP (rs6609257), located ∼6.6 kb downstream of the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) on human chromosome X, significantly affected brain activity in a network of frontal, parietal and occipital regions. Increased activity in this network, but not in caudate nucleus or anterior prefrontal regions, was correlated with VSWM capacity, which in turn predicted externalizing (aggressive/oppositional) symptoms, with higher WM capacity associated with fewer externalizing symptoms. There were no direct significant correlations between rs6609257 and behavioral symptoms. These results suggest a mediating role of WM brain activity and capacity in linking the MAOA gene to aggressive behavior during development.

The Telemetric Electrode Array System (TEAS) project aims at developing and embedding entirely into the head, a three-dimensional intracortical electrode array with all electronics required for signal acquisition, processing, and wireless communication. A general description of the system, the main design issues, and its capabilities are briefly described.

This bibliography cites references dealing with background material on the functions of the human brain and current research on sex differences in brain development. A list of 10 books published since 1974 is followed by a more extensive annotated bibliography of 29 articles, and a bibliography of 19 reports, complete with ERIC reference numbers and instructions for retrieving the documents. Sample forms and instructions for ordering ERIC documents are included. The articles explore such topics as sex differences in cognitive functioning, brain hemispheric differences, cultural differences in information processing, symmetry and perceptual comprehension of children, spatial ability, dyslexia, left- and right-handedness, creativity, and age differences. Many articles focus on research with children and the implications of such research results for educators. (NRB)

This week, to celebrate Columbus Day, LibriVox volunteers bring you six recordings of <i>Columbus</i> by Joaquin Miller. This was the weekly poetry project for the week of October 8th, 2006.

Full of delightful nursery rhymes, charming poems and engaging stories, folk and fairy tales, this is the first volume of the "My Bookhouse" series for little ones. Originally published in the 1920's as a six volume set, these books, edited by Olive Beaupre Miller, contained the best in children's literature, stories, poems and nursery rhymes. They progressed in difficulty through the different volumes - this first being intended for the youngest audience. (Summary by Maria Therese)

Full of delightful fairy tales, charming poems and engaging stories, this is the second volume of the "My Bookhouse" series for little ones. Originally published in the 1920's as a six volume set, these books, edited by Olive Beaupre Miller, contained the best in children's literature, stories, poems and nursery rhymes. They progressed in difficulty through the different volumes. (Summary by Maria Therese)

Full of delightful fairy tales, charming poems and engaging stories, this is the third volume of the "My Bookhouse" series for little ones. Originally published in the 1920's as a six volume set, these books, edited by Olive Beaupre Miller, contained the best in children's literature, stories, poems and nursery rhymes. They progressed in difficulty through the different volumes. (Summary by Maria Therese)

Full of delightful fairy tales, charming poems and engaging stories, this is the fourth volume of the "My Bookhouse" series for little ones. Originally published in the 1920's as a six volume set, these books, edited by Olive Beaupre Miller, contained the best in children's literature, stories, poems and nursery rhymes. They progressed in difficulty through the different volumes. (Summary by Maria Therese)

Full of delightful fairy tales, charming poems and engaging stories, this is the fifth volume of the "My Bookhouse" series for little ones. Originally published in the 1920's as a six volume set, these books, edited by Olive Beaupre Miller, contained the best in children's literature, stories, poems and nursery rhymes. They progressed in difficulty through the different volumes. (Summary by Maria Therese) <br><br> Note: Due to a numbering error, the audio introductions do not say "Section 6" but jump from 5 to 7. There is no text missing.

This is the final book in a six volume set of the "My Bookhouse" books. This final title in the series leaves off the format of the previous volumes and is geared towards the parent or teacher. The major part of the books deals with short biographies of the authors whose works appeared in the previous five volumes. Then follow several interesting sections, some of which include: the History of Mother Goose, The World's Great Epics, and How to Judge Stories for Children.<br><br> For the several indexes included in the second half of the book, including a historical index, a geographical index and others, please see the online text linked below. (Summary by Maria Therese)

8True Bear Stories

By Joaquin Miller

Joaquin Miller dedicated this book to "my dear little daughter...for whose pleasure and instruction I have many times dug up the most of these stories from out the days of my boyhood." In his preface he claims to prefer true stories to made-up ones. And he always defends bears, which he thinks have gotten an undeserved bad reputation from the general populous.<br /><br /> Miller strives here to pass on a respect for the variety and wisdom in the lives of real bears. But perhaps we should offer one caution: throughout his life Joaquin Miller gained a reputation for being a supreme liar! (summary by Bill Boerst)

9Prowling About Panama

By George A. Miller

In 1903, Panama became a brand new state in Central America by seceding from Colombia in order to facilitate the construction of the Panama Canal, which was finished in 1914. This fledgling nation was home to the oldest inhabited European settlement on the American continent, a rich indigenous culture, and a splendid natural beauty from coast to jungle. <br><br> Such was the scene as found by George A. Miller as he was "Prowling about Panama" in 1919, an activity that is more a "getting lost in the right way" than systematic exploration. Follow the author on his prowls through an amazing country that at the time of writing was an exciting mixture of tradition and modernity. (Summary by Ava).

10Dreadful Temptation

By Mrs. Alex McVeigh Miller

Jilted by the man she loves, Xenie Carroll has determined that no matter the cost she will exact the ultimate revenge on he who broke her heart.  She is tempted over and over with opportunities that she believes will allow her to complete her revenge but instead sets off a series of events that only make things more complicated.  This melodramatic dime novel is full of twists and turns that keeps the reader wondering what improbable thing will happen next? - Summary by Jenn Broda

11Children's Book of Birds

By Olive Thorne Miller

The Children's Book of Birds combines under a single cover the First and Second Books of Birds, originally published in 1899 and 1901 respectively. The book is intended to interest young people in the ways and habits of birds and to stimulate them to further study and to provide some account of the life and habits, to arouse sympathy and interest in the living bird, neither as a target nor as a producer of eggs, but as a fellow-creature whose acquaintance it would be pleasant to make. - Summary from Preface

An introductory lecture delivered at the opening of the winter session of the theological seminary at Princeton, New-Jersey, November 9. 1827 by Samuel Miller, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History, and Church Government in the said seminary. - Summary by Title Page

One way of studying the Bible is to get from it practical lessons from our daily life. This is the purpose that is in mind in this book. It does not attempt to cover every chapter; to do this would make it altogether too long--it deals only with what appear to be leading and representative portions of the Bible. It is a book for use in the inner chamber where life receives its impulses for conduct, for duty, for service, and for devotion. The Bible is a very ancient book, but it is also a book for to-day. It brings us face to face with God, and its teachings are meant to guide us in all our ways. (adapted from the Preface) This is volume 1 of 8 and is subtitled "From the Creation to the Crossing of the Red Sea". <strong>Books in this series:</strong><br> <a href="https://librivox.org/devotional-hours-with-the-bible-vol-1-by-j-r-miller/">Volume 1: From the Creation to the Crossing of the Red Sea</a><br> <a href="https://librivox.org/devotional-hours-with-the-bible-vol-2-by-j-r-miller/">Volume 2: From the Crossing of the Red Sea to the Close of David's Life</a><br> Volume 3: The Gospel by Matthew Volume 4: Solomon to Malachi Volume 5: Readings in the Synoptic Gospels on the Life of Christ Volume 6: Readings from the Psalms Volume 7: The Gospel of St. John Volume 8: Readings in the Acts, the Epistles and Revelation

One way of studying the Bible is to get from it practical lessons from our daily life. This is the purpose that is in mind in this book. It does not attempt to cover every chapter; to do this would make it altogether too long--it deals only with what appear to be leading and representative portions of the Bible. It is a book for use in the inner chamber where life receives its impulses for conduct, for duty, for service, and for devotion. The Bible is a very ancient book, but it is also a book for to-day. It brings us face to face with God, and its teachings are meant to guide us in all our ways. (adapted from the Preface) This is volume 2 of 8 and is subtitled "From the Crossing of the Red Sea to the Close of David's Life". <strong>Books in this series:</strong><br> <a href="https://librivox.org/devotional-hours-with-the-bible-vol-1-by-j-r-miller/">Volume 1: From the Creation to the Crossing of the Red Sea</a><br> <a href="https://librivox.org/devotional-hours-with-the-bible-vol-2-by-j-r-miller/">Volume 2: From the Crossing of the Red Sea to the Close of David's Life</a><br> Volume 3: The Gospel by Matthew Volume 4: Solomon to Malachi Volume 5: Readings in the Synoptic Gospels on the Life of Christ Volume 6: Readings from the Psalms Volume 7: The Gospel of St. John Volume 8: Readings in the Acts, the Epistles and Revelation

Few subjects could be mentioned more remote from the common interests and pursuits of life than what has been usually called the “plurality of worlds,” an expression now so long restricted to one well-ascertained meaning as to have lost any ambiguity that might have been charged upon it. The question is one of mere curiosity, and leads to no direct result; but it has always carried with it an attraction irrespective of its unpractical nature, and has exercised the ingenuity of so many minds that its literature is of no inconsiderable extent. To this the book now in our hands is the most recent contribution. - Summary by Nature, August 9, 1883

"ANGLO-AMERICAN accord is splendid sentiment. America ever rises gladly to this toast. But we must drink from our own crystal chalice of unsullied truth, and not from a poisoned loving-cup of coalition propaganda!" The Poisoned Loving-Cup investigates and documents the egregious pro-British, anti-American propaganda inserted into public school textbooks following World War I, all in the name of improving British-American relations. (Summary by MamaPhish and the Introduction)