Downloads & Free Reading Options - Results

Background: Unit for Blood Donors, The Indonesian Red Cross Society of Medan City has  established a two-day maximum storage period for PRC that has been processed from Whole  Blood (WB). The quality of the blood is affected by how long the PCR is stored. Objective: To  analyze the effect of Packed Red Cell (PRC) storage time on changes in routine blood values.  Method: This type of research is a quantitative analytical study with comparative numerical  more than two groups to analyze the storage time of PRC blood on changes in routine blood  values. Result: 40 study participants participated in the investigation. Leukocytes, hemoglobin,  and haematocrit were the measured parameters. The value of the erythrocyte decreases with  storage time. The value of the erythrocytes was lower when compared to the storage of  erythrocytes on day 11 than it was on day 1 of storage. When the haemoglobin examination  findings have a p-value of less than 0.05, this means that the haemoglobin against PRC storage  on day 1 and day 1 differ significantly. If the storage time is prolonged, the haemoglobin value  will rise. P-value 0.05 for the findings of the analysis of haematocrit levels shows a significant  difference between PRC storage on days 1 through day 11 and haematocrit, with the  haematocrit value rising as storage duration increases. Conclusion: Haemoglobin and  haematocrit levels, there was a significant increase in changes and erythrocytes during the  eleven-day storage process, a significant decrease but still within normal limits.

Background: Unit for Blood Donors, The Indonesian Red Cross Society of Medan City has  established a two-day maximum storage period for PRC that has been processed from Whole  Blood (WB). The quality of the blood is affected by how long the PCR is stored. Objective: To  analyze the effect of Packed Red Cell (PRC) storage time on changes in routine blood values.  Method: This type of research is a quantitative analytical study with comparative numerical  more than two groups to analyze the storage time of PRC blood on changes in routine blood  values. Result: 40 study participants participated in the investigation. Leukocytes, hemoglobin,  and haematocrit were the measured parameters. The value of the erythrocyte decreases with  storage time. The value of the erythrocytes was lower when compared to the storage of  erythrocytes on day 11 than it was on day 1 of storage. When the haemoglobin examination  findings have a p-value of less than 0.05, this means that the haemoglobin against PRC storage  on day 1 and day 1 differ significantly. If the storage time is prolonged, the haemoglobin value  will rise. P-value 0.05 for the findings of the analysis of haematocrit levels shows a significant  difference between PRC storage on days 1 through day 11 and haematocrit, with the  haematocrit value rising as storage duration increases. Conclusion: Haemoglobin and  haematocrit levels, there was a significant increase in changes and erythrocytes during the  eleven-day storage process, a significant decrease but still within normal limits.

This item represents a case in PACER, the U.S. Government's website for federal case data. If you wish to see the entire case, please consult PACER directly.

This article is from World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES , volume 8 . Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to seek whether red cell distribution width (RDW) has a role in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. It was also aimed to show the relationship of RDW with leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Methods: This study was conducted via retrospective assessment of the hospital records of the adult patients who were operated for acute appendicitis between January 2010 and February 2013 and had a pathology report that confirmed the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The patients in the control group were selected from healthy adults of similar age who applied to check-up clinic. Age, gender, leukocyte count, CRP, and RDW values were recorded. This study is a case controlled retrospective clinical study. Results: A total of 590 patients in the acute appendicitis group and 121 patients in the control group were included, making up a total of 711 subjects. The mean RDW levels were 15.4 ± 1.5% in the acute appendicitis group, while 15.9 ± 1.4% in the control group. CRP, leukocyte count were significantly higher in the acute appendicitis group, and RDW level were significantly lower in the acute appendicitis group (p 

The analysis of non-equilibrium steady states of biochemical reaction networks relies on finding the configurations of fluxes and chemical potentials satisfying stoichiometric (mass balance) and thermodynamic (energy balance) constraints. Efficient methods to explore such states are crucial to predict reaction directionality, calculate physiologic ranges of variability, estimate correlations, and reconstruct the overall energy balance of the network from the underlying molecular processes. While different techniques for sampling the space generated by mass balance constraints are currently available, thermodynamics is generically harder to incorporate. Here we introduce a method to sample the free energy landscape of a reaction network at steady state. In its most general form, it allows to calculate distributions of fluxes and concentrations starting from trial functions that may contain prior biochemical information. We apply our method to the human red blood cell's metabolic network, whose space of mass-balanced flux states has been sampled extensively in recent years. Specifically, we profile its thermodynamically feasible flux configurations, characterizing in detail how fluctuations of fluxes and potentials are correlated. Based on this, we derive the cell's energy balance in terms of entropy production, chemical work done and thermodynamic efficiency.

The red blood cells are biconcave disc in shape, flattened and depressed in the center. The shape with its high surface area to volume (SAPV) ratio helps to accelerate diffusion of gases. The red cell membrane consists of bilayers of proteins and lipids which are rich in the glycosphingolipids that reside on the red blood cells and serve as the major determinants for the discovery of blood groups that are of major importance in blood group serology, paternity dispute and in transfusion medicine. Not only that ,the membrane proteins carry the various blood group antigens, transporting ions, endothelial cells as signaling receptors and adhesive properties. This makes the red blood cells possible not to experience protein synthesis and for that no viral attack on them. The red blood cell abnormalities are being regulated by three constitutive characteristics namely, the geometry of the cell that is the cell surface to volume ratio, cytoplasm viscosity powered by intracellular haemoglobin concentration and membrane deformability. This review highlights on the importance of the red blood cell in our diagnosis and also its importance in study of red blood cell morphology to assist in the classification of numerous disease condition which can be treated with mere blood film microscopy. 

The red cell and plasma volumes of the total rat and of its individual tissues and organs were determined for animals exposed to 5 C for four hours, 24 hours, two weeks, and six weeks. In addition, the tissue hematocrits were determined. These values were compared to those of rats kept at 24 C. - labeled erythrocytes and albumin were given intravenously and allowed to mix; the rats were then frozen in liquid nitrogen. The organs and tissues were removed in the frozen state, assayed for radioactivity, and blood cell and plasma volumes were calculated on a unit weight basis. Changes in blood cell and plasma volumes were observed for the total rat and for many of the individual organs. There was a significant increase in the red cell content of the total rat within 24 hours of cold exposure. After six weeks, the total blood volume was increased by approximately 20% over the control level, and the increase in erythrocyte volume was slightly more than the increase in plasma volume. The hematocrit of heart blood was 44.8 after six weeks exposure as compared to 41.5 for controls. In general, it can be said that the somatic parts of the body showed increases in blood volume whereas the visceral parts had decreased volumes.

Red blood cell mobility and whole blood viscosity were measured in 15 baboons after the intravenous administration of heparin or Intralipid or both. Red cell mobility and whole blood viscosity did not change in the group given heparin. The animals given fat or fat and heparin showed a decrease in red cell mobility. The whole blood viscosity, however, decreased in the group given just fat and heparin. The implications of these findings to flow through the microcirculation and to the clinical use of Intralipid are discussed.

Buck sits down with Middle East affairs analyst Hussein Ibish to discuss potential conflict scenarios in the region's near future.

Blood from twelve volunteers serving on a submarine and breathing elevated levels of CO2 was analyzed for electrolyte, pH, and pCO2 levels in the plasma and in red-cell hemolysates. The method for measuring pH and pCO2 in frozen samples entails certain difficulties due to loss of CO2 during storage. Empirically determined correction factors were used for pH and pCO2. After seven days of exposure to the submarine atmosphere (0.9% CO2) red cell pH was statistically significantly lower, than control values, while plasma pH showed only a tendency to decrease, plasma chloride was decreased and red cell chloride increased. These findings were considered as evidence suggesting existence of a mild respiratory acidosis. After forty-two days of exposure plasma chloride was still significantly reduced and red cell chloride slightly elevated. Moreover, red cell sodium was increased and red cell potassium decreased, while pH values of plasma and red cells did not differ significantly from control levels. The electrolyte shifts observed after forty-two days have been interpreted as evidence suggestive of an existing acidosis.

Blood from twelve volunteers serving on a submarine and breathing elevated levels of CO2 was analyzed for electrolyte, pH, and pCO2 levels in the plasma and in red-cell hemolysates. The method for measuring pH and pCO2 in frozen samples entails certain difficulties due to loss of CO2 during storage. Empirically determined correction factors were used for pH and pCO2. After seven days of exposure to the submarine atmosphere (0.9% CO2) red cell pH was statistically significantly lower, than control values, while plasma pH showed only a tendency to decrease, plasma chloride was decreased and red cell chloride increased. These findings were considered as evidence suggesting existence of a mild respiratory acidosis. After forty-two days of exposure plasma chloride was still significantly reduced and red cell chloride slightly elevated. Moreover, red cell sodium was increased and red cell potassium decreased, while pH values of plasma and red cells did not differ significantly from control levels. The electrolyte shifts observed after forty-two days have been interpreted as evidence suggestive of an existing acidosis.

In the present study, the blood volume of the guinea pig was assessed by direct measures of Hct and dilution samples of autologous red blood cells labeled with sodium chromate. In addition, experimental measures were performed following the administration of the sympathomimetic catecholamine epinephrine to assess the potential influence of splenic mobilization of red cells upon the circulating mass. Doses were selected to elicit maximum contraction of the splenic smooth muscle and discharge of red blood cells. Isoproterenol was administered in identical doses to a separate set of subjects to assess the pharmacological effects of this potent cardiovascular stimulant upon the circulating blood volume. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored to assess the hemodynamic responses of the system to these agonists. Likewise, measures were performed upon splenectomized individuals for comparison of the systemic effects of the catecholamines.

In the present study, the blood volume of the guinea pig was assessed by direct measures of Hct and dilution samples of autologous red blood cells labeled with sodium chromate. In addition, experimental measures were performed following the administration of the sympathomimetic catecholamine epinephrine to assess the potential influence of splenic mobilization of red cells upon the circulating mass. Doses were selected to elicit maximum contraction of the splenic smooth muscle and discharge of red blood cells. Isoproterenol was administered in identical doses to a separate set of subjects to assess the pharmacological effects of this potent cardiovascular stimulant upon the circulating blood volume. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored to assess the hemodynamic responses of the system to these agonists. Likewise, measures were performed upon splenectomized individuals for comparison of the systemic effects of the catecholamines.

In the present study, the blood volume of the guinea pig was assessed by direct measures of Hct and dilution samples of autologous red blood cells labeled with sodium chromate. In addition, experimental measures were performed following the administration of the sympathomimetic catecholamine epinephrine to assess the potential influence of splenic mobilization of red cells upon the circulating mass. Doses were selected to elicit maximum contraction of the splenic smooth muscle and discharge of red blood cells. Isoproterenol was administered in identical doses to a separate set of subjects to assess the pharmacological effects of this potent cardiovascular stimulant upon the circulating blood volume. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored to assess the hemodynamic responses of the system to these agonists. Likewise, measures were performed upon splenectomized individuals for comparison of the systemic effects of the catecholamines.

An exploration of the ephemera of pop culture from cylinder recordings of the 1800s to the strangest experimental fringes of the avant garde.

Philip Morris Records; bibliography; budget; budget review; chart; form; graph; research proposal, scientific; resume; extr, extra; marg, marginalia

Philip Morris Records; publication

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Background: Previous studies suggest the higher the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) the greater the risk of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relationship between RDW and long-term outcome in CAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug-eluting stent (DES) remains unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term effect of RDW in patients treated with drug-eluting stent for CAD. Methods: In total of 2169 non-anemic patients (1468 men, mean age 60.2±10.9 years) with CAD who had undergone successful PCI and had at least one drug-eluting stent were included in this study. Patients were grouped according to their baseline RDW: Quartile 1 (RDW

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Background: Previous studies suggest the higher the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) the greater the risk of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relationship between RDW and long-term outcome in CAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug-eluting stent (DES) remains unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term effect of RDW in patients treated with drug-eluting stent for CAD. Methods: In total of 2169 non-anemic patients (1468 men, mean age 60.2±10.9 years) with CAD who had undergone successful PCI and had at least one drug-eluting stent were included in this study. Patients were grouped according to their baseline RDW: Quartile 1 (RDW

The development of blood storage systems allowed donation and transfusion to be separated in time and space. This separation has permitted the regionalization of donor services with subsequent economies of scale and improvements in the quality and availability of blood products. However, the availability of storage raises the question of how long blood products can and should be stored and how long they are safe and effective. During blood bank cold storage, red cells progressively lose deformability and elasticity due to irreversible changes in the cell membrane. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the relative importance of these diverse biochemical changes in the stored RBC. Methodology: The donors of the blood units included in this study were healthy by all parameters considered for blood banking. Whole blood of 450ml collection bag unit containing 63ml CPD/SAGM (which has a permissible life span of 42 days) and containing 63 ml of CPDA (which has a life span of 35 days) were subjected to standard component separation. A total of 35 consecutively separated blood bags with 7 segments each were studied. Each segment from the Packed Red Cell unit was removed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 of PRBC storage, were investigated. The biochemical and hematological parameters such as pH, Lactate, Sr.Potassium, Plasma Haemoglobin, Heamoglobin and Heamatocrit were analyzed in fully automated analyzer. Results and Analysis: RBC unit characteristics just before storage on Day 0 pH (37°C) 7.03+_0.94 (7.20-6.79) Hb (mg/dL) 15.3 +_2.2 (17.9-13.9),Plasma Hemoglobin 3.1+-1.2 gm/dl Lactate (mmol/L) 2 +_ 1.4 (1.3-3.1)Potassium(K) (mmol/L)1.7+-1.2. Extracellular K and Lactate showed a constant increase as the bags aged. Hemoglobin and Haematocrit levels did not change appreciably throughout the storage period. Conclusion: The older RBC may have adverse effects like increase in potassium, lactate but the transfusion department can help the clinician by knowing the patient’s clinical status as well as the age, critical variables like Sepsis by issuing the recent dated Blood units. 

The effect of oxygen toxicity on red cell aging was experimentally studied. The alterations in age distribution of red cells of rabbits submitted to a high oxygen concentration was determined by density distribution, osmotic fragility, acid fragility, and electron microscopy. Increased osmotic fragility and density of the red blood cells as well as an increased resistance to acid fragility is indicative of an increased population of structurally old cells. Red cell membranes as seen in the electron microscope present morphological features in agreement with this interpretation.

The effect of oxygen toxicity on red cell aging was experimentally studied. The alterations in age distribution of red cells of rabbits submitted to a high oxygen concentration was determined by density distribution, osmotic fragility, acid fragility, and electron microscopy. Increased osmotic fragility and density of the red blood cells as well as an increased resistance to acid fragility is indicative of an increased population of structurally old cells. Red cell membranes as seen in the electron microscope present morphological features in agreement with this interpretation.

This article is from Biomedical Optics Express , volume 3 . Abstract The feasibility of detecting red blood cell (RBC) aggregation with photoacoustics (PAs) was investigated theoretically and experimentally using human and porcine RBCs. The theoretical PA signals and spectra generated from such samples were examined for several hematocrit levels and aggregates sizes. The effect of a finite transducer bandwidth on the received PA signal was also examined. The simulation results suggest that the dominant frequency of the PA signals from non-aggregated RBCs decreases towards clinical frequency ranges as the aggregate size increases. The experimentally measured mean spectral power increased by ~6 dB for the largest aggregate compared to the non-aggregated samples. Such results confirm the theoretical predictions and illustrate the potential of using PA imaging for detecting RBC aggregation.

ABSTRACT Aims: The use of hematological parameters in the prognostic assessment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has become common in recent years. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin to red cell distribution width (RDW) ratio (HRR) and prognosis of these patients. Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on patients who presented to the emergency department between 01.09.2023 and 01.04.2024 and received a diagnosis of ACS. HRR was determined by dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the red cell distribution width (RDW). The patients were categorized into two groups based on their HRR values: high HRR patients and low HRR patients, using a specified HRR cut-off value. Statistical comparisons were conducted on all parameters between the two patient groups. The variables potentially linked to mortality were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The in-hospital mortality rate, vasopressor needs, and MV support requirements were significantly higher in the low HRR (?0.828) group than in the high HRR (>0.828) group (p

ABSTRACT Aims: The use of hematological parameters in the prognostic assessment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has become common in recent years. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin to red cell distribution width (RDW) ratio (HRR) and prognosis of these patients. Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on patients who presented to the emergency department between 01.09.2023 and 01.04.2024 and received a diagnosis of ACS. HRR was determined by dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the red cell distribution width (RDW). The patients were categorized into two groups based on their HRR values: high HRR patients and low HRR patients, using a specified HRR cut-off value. Statistical comparisons were conducted on all parameters between the two patient groups. The variables potentially linked to mortality were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The in-hospital mortality rate, vasopressor needs, and MV support requirements were significantly higher in the low HRR (?0.828) group than in the high HRR (>0.828) group (p

Aim: It has been reported that red cell distribution width (RDW) and hypertension are somehow related, but there is no well-established evidence about the probable relationship between RDW and preeclampsia. The present study aimed to determine whether RDW in the first trimester can be used to predict the presence and severity of preeclampsia.  Material and Method: This is a retrospective review of 57 healthy pregnant women, 42 women with mild preeclampsia, and 18 women with severe preeclampsia who delivered at the study center. These three groups were compared with respect to complete blood count parame-ters obtained during the first trimester.  Results: When compared with the control group, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, leukocyte count, RDW, blood urea nitrogen, and proteinuria were significantly higher in the severe preeclampsia group (respectively p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.036, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001). The median RDW values of control, mild, and severe preeclampsia groups were 12.51% (range: 10.6-15.02%), 13.2% (range: 10.45-15.5%), and 13.7% (range: 11.9%-14.7%). RDW was significantly higher in the severe preeclampsia group than in the control group (p<0.001) and mild preeclampsia group (p=0.001). However, mild preeclampsia and control groups had statistically similar RDW values (p>0.05).  Discussion: Increased RDW in the first trimester can be utilized to predict severe preeclampsia, but RDW values do not seem to correlate with the severity of preeclampsia.

This article is from DNA Research: An International Journal for Rapid Publication of Reports on Genes and Genomes , volume 19 . Abstract The mitochondria and chloroplasts in plant cells are originated from bacterial endosymbioses, and they still replicate their own genome and divide in a similar manner as their ancestors did. It is thus likely that the organelle transcription is coordinated with its proliferation cycle. However, this possibility has not extensively been explored to date, because in most plant cells there are many mitochondria and chloroplasts that proliferate asynchronously. It is generally believed that the gene transfer from the organellar to nuclear genome has enabled nuclear control of the organelle functions during the evolution of eukaryotic plant cells. Nevertheless, no significant relationship has been reported between the organelle transcriptome and the host cell cycle even in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. While the organelle proliferation cycle is not coordinated with the cell cycle in vascular plants, in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae that contains only one mitochondrion, one chloroplast, and one nucleus per cell, each of the organelles is known to proliferate at a specific phase of the cell cycle. Here, we show that the expression of most of the organelle genes is highly coordinated with the cell cycle phases as well as with light regimes in clustering analyses. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between the gene expression profiles in the mitochondrion and chloroplast, resulting in the identification of a network of functionally related genes that are co-expressed during organelle proliferation.

Recently the Naval Blood Research Laboratory has been freezing red blood cells in a collection system which uses either a triple or a quadruple bag setup. Blood collection and red blood cell biochemical modification and freeze-preservation can be accomplished with this system. For the past 6 years the laboratory has been biochemically modifying liquid-stored red blood cells to increase their 2,3 DPG and ATP levels and thus improve the oxygen transport function of the preserved red blood cells upon infusion. Biochemically modified red blood cells, or 'rejuvenated' red blood cells as they are sometimes referred to, can be freeze-preserved or not as the situation demands. Red blood cells that have exceeded their mandatory shelf-life have been biochemically modified with a solution of pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine. The stored red blood cells are incubated with the 'rejuvenation' solution for 1 hour at 37 C. Biochemically modified red blood cells must be washed before transfusion whether or not they have been frozen to remove the additives used in the solution. This report describes a new blood collection system. The cost of processing can be reduced at least 50% the storage capacity in the -80 C mechanical refrigerator can be doubled, and the potential for contamination of the blood product is reduced. Biochemically modified freeze-preserved red blood cells have been used successfully in a number of important clinical situations.

We measure the dynamical mechanical properties of human red blood cells. Single cell response is measured with optical tweezers. We investigate both the stress relaxation following a fast deformation, and the effect of varying the strain rate. We find a power law decay of the stress as a function of time, down to a plateau stress, and a power law increase of the cell's elasticity as a function of the strain rate. Interestingly, the exponents of these quantities violate the linear superposition principle, indicating a nonlinear response. We propose that this is due to breaking of a fraction of the crosslinks during the deformation process. The Soft Glassy Rheology Model accounts for the relation between the exponents we observe experimentally. This picture is consistent with recent models of bond remodeling in the red blood cell's molecular structure. Our results imply that the blood cell's mechanical behavior depends critically on the deformation process.

ABSTRACT Background: There is a growing concern in inflammatory parameters that are commonly used in routine practice and can be measured cost-effectively for predicting mortality community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute-attack chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a significant parameter indicating the heterogeneity of the size of red blood cells (RBCs). The present study was designed to compare RDW levels among patients that were hospitalized due to CAP , acute PTE, and acute-attack COPD, all of which are characterized by persistent inflammation, and to investigate the role of RDW in predicting 30-day mortality. Material and Method: The RDW levels measured on admission in all three groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The 554 patients comprised 320 (57.76%) men and 234 (42.24%) women with a mean age of 67.074±14.73 years. The patients comprised 92 (16.6%) CAP, 265 (47.8%) acute PTE, and 197 (35.6%) acute-attack COPD patients. Mean RDW was 14.42%±2.73% (range, 3.77-28%) while it was 14.88%±3.30% in the CAP group, 13.21%±2.77% in the COPD group, and 15.15%±2.12% in the PTE group. In the COPD, CAP , and PTE groups, RDW levels were significantly higher in patients with 30-day mortality compared to those without mortality (p=0.008, p=0.020, and p

ABSTRACT Background: There is a growing concern in inflammatory parameters that are commonly used in routine practice and can be measured cost-effectively for predicting mortality community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute-attack chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a significant parameter indicating the heterogeneity of the size of red blood cells (RBCs). The present study was designed to compare RDW levels among patients that were hospitalized due to CAP , acute PTE, and acute-attack COPD, all of which are characterized by persistent inflammation, and to investigate the role of RDW in predicting 30-day mortality. Material and Method: The RDW levels measured on admission in all three groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The 554 patients comprised 320 (57.76%) men and 234 (42.24%) women with a mean age of 67.074±14.73 years. The patients comprised 92 (16.6%) CAP, 265 (47.8%) acute PTE, and 197 (35.6%) acute-attack COPD patients. Mean RDW was 14.42%±2.73% (range, 3.77-28%) while it was 14.88%±3.30% in the CAP group, 13.21%±2.77% in the COPD group, and 15.15%±2.12% in the PTE group. In the COPD, CAP , and PTE groups, RDW levels were significantly higher in patients with 30-day mortality compared to those without mortality (p=0.008, p=0.020, and p

ABSTRACT Background: There is a growing concern in inflammatory parameters that are commonly used in routine practice and can be measured cost-effectively for predicting mortality community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute-attack chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a significant parameter indicating the heterogeneity of the size of red blood cells (RBCs). The present study was designed to compare RDW levels among patients that were hospitalized due to CAP , acute PTE, and acute-attack COPD, all of which are characterized by persistent inflammation, and to investigate the role of RDW in predicting 30-day mortality. Material and Method: The RDW levels measured on admission in all three groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The 554 patients comprised 320 (57.76%) men and 234 (42.24%) women with a mean age of 67.074±14.73 years. The patients comprised 92 (16.6%) CAP, 265 (47.8%) acute PTE, and 197 (35.6%) acute-attack COPD patients. Mean RDW was 14.42%±2.73% (range, 3.77-28%) while it was 14.88%±3.30% in the CAP group, 13.21%±2.77% in the COPD group, and 15.15%±2.12% in the PTE group. In the COPD, CAP , and PTE groups, RDW levels were significantly higher in patients with 30-day mortality compared to those without mortality (p=0.008, p=0.020, and p

ABSTRACT Background: There is a growing concern in inflammatory parameters that are commonly used in routine practice and can be measured cost-effectively for predicting mortality community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute-attack chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a significant parameter indicating the heterogeneity of the size of red blood cells (RBCs). The present study was designed to compare RDW levels among patients that were hospitalized due to CAP , acute PTE, and acute-attack COPD, all of which are characterized by persistent inflammation, and to investigate the role of RDW in predicting 30-day mortality. Material and Method: The RDW levels measured on admission in all three groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The 554 patients comprised 320 (57.76%) men and 234 (42.24%) women with a mean age of 67.074±14.73 years. The patients comprised 92 (16.6%) CAP, 265 (47.8%) acute PTE, and 197 (35.6%) acute-attack COPD patients. Mean RDW was 14.42%±2.73% (range, 3.77-28%) while it was 14.88%±3.30% in the CAP group, 13.21%±2.77% in the COPD group, and 15.15%±2.12% in the PTE group. In the COPD, CAP , and PTE groups, RDW levels were significantly higher in patients with 30-day mortality compared to those without mortality (p=0.008, p=0.020, and p

ABSTRACT Background: There is a growing concern in inflammatory parameters that are commonly used in routine practice and can be measured cost-effectively for predicting mortality community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute-attack chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a significant parameter indicating the heterogeneity of the size of red blood cells (RBCs). The present study was designed to compare RDW levels among patients that were hospitalized due to CAP , acute PTE, and acute-attack COPD, all of which are characterized by persistent inflammation, and to investigate the role of RDW in predicting 30-day mortality. Material and Method: The RDW levels measured on admission in all three groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The 554 patients comprised 320 (57.76%) men and 234 (42.24%) women with a mean age of 67.074±14.73 years. The patients comprised 92 (16.6%) CAP, 265 (47.8%) acute PTE, and 197 (35.6%) acute-attack COPD patients. Mean RDW was 14.42%±2.73% (range, 3.77-28%) while it was 14.88%±3.30% in the CAP group, 13.21%±2.77% in the COPD group, and 15.15%±2.12% in the PTE group. In the COPD, CAP , and PTE groups, RDW levels were significantly higher in patients with 30-day mortality compared to those without mortality (p=0.008, p=0.020, and p

The purpose of the project was to try to determine if variation in host red cell metabolism could influence malaria severity, and whether information obtained could be used in developing new treatments. During the tenure of this contract, a number of studies of the interaction of malaria and red cell metabolism were carried out. This included in vitro interactions in a cultivation system, discussed in Section A, the relationship of the red cell ATP levels of ethnic groups to natural selection by malaria, (Section B), the relationship of the severity of malaria in rhesus monkeys to their red cell ATP levels (Section D), and the pronounced decrease in red cell ATP levels that occurs under some conditions in rodent malaries (Section D). A related study to this general theme was the development of a treatment of malaria involving hyperoxia which was effective in suppressing P vinckei in rats, but not P. berghei.

Philip Morris Records; memo; extr, extra

The significance of the transformations in red cell shape observed during the Skylab study must be considered relative to the limitation of man's participation in extended space flight missions. The results of this one study are not conclusive with respect to this question. Based on these examinations of red cells in normal, healthy men and based on other Skylab experiment data relative to the functional capacity of the red cells in vitro and the performance capacity of man as an integrated system, the changes observed would not appear to be the limiting factor in determining man's stay in space. However, the results of this experiment and the documented red cell mass loss during space flight raise serious questions at this time relative to the selection criteria utilized for passengers and crews of future space flights. Until the specific cause and impact of the red cell shape change on cell survival in vivo can be resolved, individuals with diagnosed hematologic abnormalities should not be considered as prime candidates for missions, especially those of longer duration.

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Context: Reports evaluating a possible association between necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and blood transfusion have been predominantly case–control studies. As the possible associations of disease with any variable on which cases and controls have been matched cannot be explored, a cohort study would offer a solution to this problem. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the association between exposure to a packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion and development of NEC in a cohort where biases of matching are omitted. Design: In a retrospective cohort, exposed infants were defined as those who received a transfusion and did not develop NEC or developed NEC within 48 h of the transfusion. All others were considered unexposed. Setting: A single regional perinatal centre in Memphis, Tennessee, USA. Patients: 3060 ≤1500 g birth weights (BW) were included. Outcome measures: The relative risk of developing NEC after exposure to a PRBC transfusion was measured. Results: 3060 infants were identified. 174 infants (5.7%) developed NEC; 116 of the 174 infants (67%) were exposed. NEC infants had a significantly lower BW (924 vs 1042 g) and required a longer stay on a ventilator (7 vs 2 days). Divided into groups, infants with BW ≤750 , 751–1000 , 1001–1250 g and 1251–1500 g (n=52, 51, 46 and 25, respectively) had a relative risk of 0.14, 0.46, 1.83 and 1.78 (p

This article is from Annals of Intensive Care , volume 1 . Abstract Background: Microcirculation plays a vital role in the development of multiple organ failure in severe sepsis. The effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions on these tissue oxygenation and microcirculation variables in early severe sepsis are not well defined. Methods: This is a prospective, observational study of patients with severe sepsis requiring RBC transfusions of one to two units of non-leukoreduced RBCs for a hemoglobin < 7.0, or for a hemoglobin between 7.0 and 9.0 with lactic acidosis or central venous oxygen saturation < 70%. This study took place in a 54-bed, medical-surgical intensive care unit of a university-affiliated hospital. Thenar tissue oxygen saturation was measured by using a tissue spectrometer on 21 patients, and a vaso-occlusive test was performed before and 1 hour after transfusion. The sublingual microcirculation was assessed with a Sidestream Dark Field device concomitantly on 11 of them. Results: RBC transfusion resulted in increase in hemoglobin (7.23 (± 0.87) to 8.75 (± 1.06) g/dl; p < 0.001). RBC transfusion did not globally affect near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS)-derived variables. However, percent change in muscle oxygen consumption was negatively correlated with baseline (r = - 0.679, p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between percent change in vascular reactivity and baseline (p = 0.275). There was a positive correlation between percent change in oxygen consumption and percent change in vascular reactivity (r = 0.442, p = 0.045). In the 11 patients, RBC transfusion did not globally affect NIRS-derived variables or SDF-derived variables. There was no statistically significant correlation between percent change in small vessel perfusion and baseline perfusion (r = -0.474, p = 0.141), between percent change in small vessel flow and baseline flow (r = -0.418, p = 0.201), or between percent change in small vessel perfusion and percent change in small vessel flow (r = 0.435, p = 0.182). Conclusions: In a small sample population, muscle tissue oxygen consumption, microvascular reactivity and sublingual microcirculation were globally unaltered by RBC transfusion in severe septic patients. However, muscle oxygen consumption improved in patients with low baseline and deteriorated in patients with preserved baseline. Future research with larger samples is needed to further examine the association between RBC transfusion and outcomes of patients resuscitated early in severe sepsis, with an emphasis on elucidating the potential contribution of microvascular factors.

During the aging of the red-blood cell, or under conditions of extreme echinocytosis, membrane is shed from the cell plasma membrane in the form of nano-vesicles. We propose that this process is the result of the self-adaptation of the membrane surface area to the elastic stress imposed by the spectrin cytoskeleton, via the local buckling of membrane under increasing cytoskeleton stiffness. This model introduces the concept of force balance as a regulatory process at the cell membrane, and quantitatively reproduces the rate of area loss in aging red-blood cells.

Aim: We investigated the association of red blood cell distribution width-albumin ratio (RAR) with prognosis and clinical risk scores in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

With the administration of prehospital packed red blood cells to trauma patients, subsequent activation of a massive transfusion protocol can lead to additional red cell transfusion prior to plasma products. This may lead prehospital patients to have a low red cell to plasma product transfusion ratio – which is undesirable. This retrospective study seeks to identify whether PRBC to plasma product ratio is lower for those transfused prehospitally in the first 6 and 24 hours of admission compared to patients whose transfusion starts in the emergency department

The physiologic role of red cell 2,3 DPG has been studied in various situations. Healthy volunteers were studied after exposure to a simulated altitude of 4,500 meters. Hyperventilated, anemic baboons were studied to determine the effects of therapeutic transfusions of red cells with high 2,3 DPG and low affinity for oxygen and of red cells with low 2,3 DPG and high affinity for oxygen. The red cell 2,3 DPG level affects the in vivo P50 value which, in turn, affects erythropoietin production. In the baboon, the red cell 2,3 DPG level has been shown to increase oxygen delivery to tissue and decrease blood flow requirements to maintain oxygen consumption. In hyperventilated, anemic baboons, red cells with decreased 2,3 DPG and increased affinity for oxygen produced a significant increase in cerebral blood flow.

The physiologic role of red cell 2,3 DPG has been studied in various situations. Healthy volunteers were studied after exposure to a simulated altitude of 4,500 meters. Hyperventilated, anemic baboons were studied to determine the effects of therapeutic transfusions of red cells with high 2,3 DPG and low affinity for oxygen and of red cells with low 2,3 DPG and high affinity for oxygen. The red cell 2,3 DPG level affects the in vivo P50 value which, in turn, affects erythropoietin production. In the baboon, the red cell 2,3 DPG level has been shown to increase oxygen delivery to tissue and decrease blood flow requirements to maintain oxygen consumption. In hyperventilated, anemic baboons, red cells with decreased 2,3 DPG and increased affinity for oxygen produced a significant increase in cerebral blood flow.

Cell Membrane The Red Blood Cell as a Model

A study of the behavior of red cells subjected to various chemical or enzymatic treatments demonstrates the presence of lipids in the cell site receptor of arborviruses. Inhibiting lipids are present in red cells, either agglutinable or non-agglutinable by arborviruses. The responsible fractions seem to be phosphatidylcholines. They are the same for all the viruses studied. The pH conditions for inhibition are analogous to those of hemagglutination. These facts suggest certain hypotheses on the actual nature of the red cell receptor site, and of the bonds between this site and the virions.

Aim: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an elevated marker in several cancers like breast, colon, prostate and pancreatic cancer at the time of diagnosis. Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and also the third leading cause of cancer deaths. We aimed to determine whether RDW values diagnosis in GC. Material and Method: This retrospective study included gastric cancer patients. Median age was 42-year old and sex- matched healthy controls. Blood samples were retrospectively obtained from the computerized patient database before surgery or chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Results: RDW, neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet- lymphocyte ratio(PLR) were significantly higher in GC patients when compared to healthy subjects (RDW: 44,9 vs 41,4 p&lt;0.0001, NLR: 3,40 vs 1,90 p&lt;0.0001, PLR: 245,9 vs 131,1 p=0.007). There was no statistically significant association between these markers (RDW, NLR, and PLR) and stage, histopathological subgroups and metastasis stage at the time of diagnosis. Discussion: Elevated RDW is a simple, cheap and readily available marker and may be useful in GC at the time of early diagnosis especially. Also, NLR and PLR can accompany RDW in the assessment of GC.

Aim: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an elevated marker in several cancers like breast, colon, prostate and pancreatic cancer at the time of diagnosis. Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and also the third leading cause of cancer deaths. We aimed to determine whether RDW values diagnosis in GC. Material and Method: This retrospective study included gastric cancer patients. Median age was 42-year old and sex- matched healthy controls. Blood samples were retrospectively obtained from the computerized patient database before surgery or chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Results: RDW, neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet- lymphocyte ratio(PLR) were significantly higher in GC patients when compared to healthy subjects (RDW: 44,9 vs 41,4 p&lt;0.0001, NLR: 3,40 vs 1,90 p&lt;0.0001, PLR: 245,9 vs 131,1 p=0.007). There was no statistically significant association between these markers (RDW, NLR, and PLR) and stage, histopathological subgroups and metastasis stage at the time of diagnosis. Discussion: Elevated RDW is a simple, cheap and readily available marker and may be useful in GC at the time of early diagnosis especially. Also, NLR and PLR can accompany RDW in the assessment of GC.

Recent clinical studies in trauma patients indicate that treatment of anemia by transfusion with previously cryopreserved packed red blood cells is superior to that of aged units stored under standard conditions, but the Food and Drug Administration currently restricts their use to 14 days after thawing. The effect of longer term liquid storage on development of the biochemical, metabolic, and morphologic changes collectively known as the red blood cell storage lesion is unknown. In the present study, we attempted to compare and quantify the development of the red blood cell storage lesion of previously cryopreserved red cell units to conventional blood storage. Our findings indicate that, in addition to significantly altered characteristics post thaw, the common indicators of red blood cell storage lesion developed more rapidly in previously cryopreserved red cells. To achieve a satisfactory safety profile for transfusion of previously cryopreserved red blood cells, these factors must be considered in addition to red cell viability and post-transfusion recovery. This investigation provides insight into the durability of these cells after storage at -80 deg C and may guide potential expansion of red blood cell cryopreservation in civilian, trauma, and military settings. Cryopreservation of red blood cell units at -80 deg C for a prolonged period is a promising adjunct to standard blood banking techniques. The post-thaw characteristics are markedly different than fresh packed red blood cells, and the development of the red blood cell storage lesion is accelerated in the post-thaw period. Post-thaw storage duration may be further studied to provide additional longevity to these red cell products in vitro and in vivo.

Recent clinical studies in trauma patients indicate that treatment of anemia by transfusion with previously cryopreserved packed red blood cells is superior to that of aged units stored under standard conditions, but the Food and Drug Administration currently restricts their use to 14 days after thawing. The effect of longer term liquid storage on development of the biochemical, metabolic, and morphologic changes collectively known as the red blood cell storage lesion is unknown. In the present study, we attempted to compare and quantify the development of the red blood cell storage lesion of previously cryopreserved red cell units to conventional blood storage. Our findings indicate that, in addition to significantly altered characteristics post thaw, the common indicators of red blood cell storage lesion developed more rapidly in previously cryopreserved red cells. To achieve a satisfactory safety profile for transfusion of previously cryopreserved red blood cells, these factors must be considered in addition to red cell viability and post-transfusion recovery. This investigation provides insight into the durability of these cells after storage at -80 deg C and may guide potential expansion of red blood cell cryopreservation in civilian, trauma, and military settings. Cryopreservation of red blood cell units at -80 deg C for a prolonged period is a promising adjunct to standard blood banking techniques. The post-thaw characteristics are markedly different than fresh packed red blood cells, and the development of the red blood cell storage lesion is accelerated in the post-thaw period. Post-thaw storage duration may be further studied to provide additional longevity to these red cell products in vitro and in vivo.