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I got the following Email from QJEP, it asks me to follow the procedure and do this registration (but not pre-registration??). So I just followed the instructions: Dear Dr Xiangqian Li, Congratulations on your recently accepted submission to the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. I had a look at the files for your paper and they look fine to be forwarded to the Production Editor except for the following: I noticed that you’re applying for the Open Data badge and you provided the following link: https://osf.io/6kr3n/ . To be able to give this badge we need the project to be time-stamped and frozen. You can do this by registering the project, please see https://help.osf.io/hc/en-us/articles/1500005273721-Start-a-Registration for more information. This is not preregistering (I know, it’s a bit confusing) but it’s just making sure that it can’t be altered at a later time. Should you have any questions please don’t hesitate to contact me, Thanks and best wishes, Elise Elise Broeders QJEP Editorial Assistant

Outcomes of reinforcement learning based control of motor activity in brain-machine interface will systematically be reviewed in this project

A computer program controls motors that drive translation stages in a metrology system that consists of a pair of two-axis cathetometers. This program is specific to Compumotor Gemini (or equivalent) motors and the Compumotor 6K-series (or equivalent) motor controller. Relative to the software supplied with the controller, this program affords more capabilities and is easier to use. Written as a Virtual Instrument in the LabVIEW software system, the program presents an imitation control panel that the user can manipulate by use of a keyboard and mouse. There are three modes of operation: command, movement, and joystick. In command mode, single commands are sent to the controller for troubleshooting. In movement mode, distance, speed, and/or acceleration commands are sent to the controller. Position readouts from the motors and from position encoders on the translation stages are displayed in marked fields. At any time, the position readouts can be recorded in a file named by the user. In joystick mode, the program yields control of the motors to a joystick. The program sends commands to, and receives data from, the controller via a serial cable connection, using the serial-communication portion of the software supplied with the controller.

No abstract available

The improvement of athletic performance can be achieved in several ways and performance does not necessarily mean faster or stronger but coordinated and controlled. Within this study, performance enhancement will be discussed in terms of injury prevention, motor control, learning, and development, and feedback techniques to augment skill learning for improved neuromuscular function. There is a substantial body of research put forward dedicated for musculoskeletal training, thus continuously increasing the research gap for cognitive learning and performance during isolated single leg movements. The relatively new tool, QASLS, is frequently used as an outcome measure for patient performance to monitor either improvements or regressions, yet the potential for this tool to be used as a training parameter for cognitive learning has not been utilised. This research proposes the integration of cognition and skill learning for single leg loading tasks (monitored through QASLS) and the use of external visual feedback due to the role in enhancing motor control performance. This approach seeks to bridge the gap in cognition and skill learning by measuring intrasession motor control performance and the influence of visual stimuli. This also has the potential to provide an alternative evidence-based approach to provide practitioners with greater understanding of cognitive learning in functional movement training. Potentially leading to a more effective training regimen and improved patient outcomes.

The comorbidity of developmental motor coordination impairments has been reported to be higher in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (APA, 2013). Motor coordination impairments affect daily activities (e.g., buttoning, use of eating utensils such as chopsticks, and writing). Early intervention is needed to prevent the loss of self-esteem and encourage social participation. Predictive motor control has been postulated as one of the factors contributing to impaired motor coordination in neurodevelopmental disorders (Adams et al., 2017). However, individual differences in motor function in early childhood are much greater than in adulthood, making it difficult to determine predictive motor control problems. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate more specific features of predictive motor control deficits and develop new objective assessment indicators for clinical implementation. The study focuses on motor simulation in early childhood as predictive motor control. Several previous studies have reported poor performance in novel and meaningless imitation tasks, which is an indicator of motor simulation, in children with ASD (Pittet et al., 2022; Kilroy et al., 2019, 2021). This study attempts to measure visual attention during imitation tasks and assess the quality of motor performance, such as motor units.

ETH Zurich lecture on Bio-Inspired Motor Control by Prof. Fumiya Iida from 2012/10/16 (lecture 5). Topic: Locomotion control/ legged robots. For more information visit www.birl.ethz.ch.

Us Patent Office Documentation Of Patent No. 2,005,890; A Motor Control Unit, 13 November 1929; Sisde 23

Us Patent Office Documentation Of Patent No. 2,005,890; A Motor Control Unit, 13 November 1929; Sisde 23

Development of a procedure for the reliability analysis of the solid rocket motor case of the space shuttle is described. The analysis is based on probabilistic fracture mechanics and consideration of a probability distribution for the initial flaw sizes. The reliability analysis can be used to select design variables, such as the thickness of the SRM case, projected design life and proof factor, on the basis of minimum expected cost and specified reliability bounds. Effects of fracture control plans such as the non-destructive inspections and the material erosion between missions can also be considered in the developed methodology for selection of design variables. The reliability-based procedure can be easily modified to consider other similar structures and different fracture control plans.

A voltage controlled oscillator circuit is reported in which there are employed first and second differential amplifiers. The first differential amplifier, being employed as an integrator, develops equal and opposite slopes proportional to an input voltage, and the second differential amplifier functions as a comparator to detect equal amplitude positive and negative selected limits and provides switching signals which gate a transistor switch. The integrating differential amplifier is switched between charging and discharging modes to provide an output of the first differential amplifier which upon the application of wave shaping provides a substantially sinusoidal output signal. A two phased version with a second integrator provides a second 90 deg phase shifted output for induction motor control.

A voltage controlled oscillator circuit is reported in which there are employed first and second differential amplifiers. The first differential amplifier, being employed as an integrator, develops equal and opposite slopes proportional to an input voltage, and the second differential amplifier functions as a comparator to detect equal amplitude positive and negative selected limits and provides switching signals which gate a transistor switch. The integrating differential amplifier is switched between charging and discharging modes to provide an output of the first differential amplifier which upon the application of wave shaping provides a substantially sinusoidal output signal. A two phased version with a second integrator provides a second 90 deg phase shifted output for induction motor control.

A voltage controlled oscillator circuit is reported in which there are employed first and second differential amplifiers. The first differential amplifier, being employed as an integrator, develops equal and opposite slopes proportional to an input voltage, and the second differential amplifier functions as a comparator to detect equal amplitude positive and negative selected limits and provides switching signals which gate a transistor switch. The integrating differential amplifier is switched between charging and discharging modes to provide an output of the first differential amplifier which upon the application of wave shaping provides a substantially sinusoidal output signal. A two phased version with a second integrator provides a second 90 deg phase shifted output for induction motor control.

Many varied methods may be used to compensate a control system. This paper is a study of the effects of using the motor input voltage as a feedback quantity. It uses a unity feedback positioning servomechanism as the uncompensated system and investigates the effect on root location with the motor input voltage fed back through various compensation devices, such as a lag or lead network. Only type zero and type one systems are considered. These vary from second order to fourth order. Root loci approach is used with some of the systems checked on the analog computer.

Field tests of the acoustic performance of a new motor generator system (MGS) were performed at Minuteman Launch Control Centers (LCC) Alpha 01 and Sierra 00, Malmstrom AFB MT. This same MGS unit was accepted for use after the Hill Engineering Test Facilities (HETF) acoustic performance studies conducted in 1988. Rivet Mile from the Ogden ALC began installation of the new MGS at Malmstrom in the spring of 1990. Performance tests were requested by OO-ALC/MMGRMM, and SAC, to compare with the HETF data and document the LCC acoustic environment with the new MGS operating in a field setting. This report presents our findings.

Field tests of the acoustic performance of a new motor generator system (MGS) were performed at Minuteman Launch Control Centers (LCC) Alpha 01 and Sierra 00, Malmstrom AFB MT. This same MGS unit was accepted for use after the Hill Engineering Test Facilities (HETF) acoustic performance studies conducted in 1988. Rivet Mile from the Ogden ALC began installation of the new MGS at Malmstrom in the spring of 1990. Performance tests were requested by OO-ALC/MMGRMM, and SAC, to compare with the HETF data and document the LCC acoustic environment with the new MGS operating in a field setting. This report presents our findings.

Field tests of the acoustic performance of a new motor generator system (MGS) were performed at Minuteman Launch Control Centers (LCC) Alpha 01 and Sierra 00, Malmstrom AFB MT. This same MGS unit was accepted for use after the Hill Engineering Test Facilities (HETF) acoustic performance studies conducted in 1988. Rivet Mile from the Ogden ALC began installation of the new MGS at Malmstrom in the spring of 1990. Performance tests were requested by OO-ALC/MMGRMM, and SAC, to compare with the HETF data and document the LCC acoustic environment with the new MGS operating in a field setting. This report presents our findings.

This paper gives analysis and simulation performance of Brushless DC motor (BLDC) with quadruple lift positive output Luo converter. A quadruple lift positive output Luo converter is used to supply the required voltage to drive the BLDC motor. The performance of the BLDC motor drive in closed loop is analyzed using the PI controller in terms of speed. The speed of the BLDC motor is varied by a low frequency switching of the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The switching of VSI in turn controls the DC link voltage at the output of the inverter. Diode Bridge Rectifier (DBR) at the input side is eliminated, which reduces the conduction losses. Also the Power Factor Correction (PFC) is obtained at the front end of the AC source by controlling DC- link voltage in closed loop. The proposed system has high voltage transfer gain and very less ripple content in output voltage. Further the performance of the BLDC motor drive using a PI controller is verified through MATLAB simulation. The proposed drive provides a solution for low power applications with less cost. 

A Power Factor Correction (PFC) and sensor less speed control of BLDC (Brushless DC) motor using zeta converter is presented. Zeta converter is a fourth-order DC-DC converter made up of two inductors and two capacitors and capable of operating in either step-up or stepdown mode. The PFC is achieved by zeta converter. Sensor less speed control of BLDC motor is achieved and the cost and wiring of sensors are reduced. A MATLAB/ Simulink environment is used to simulate the developed model to achieve a wide range of speed control with high PF (Power Factor) and improved PQ (Power Quality) at the supply. Kirti B. Nagne | Dr. Harikumar Naidu"ZETA Converter for Speed Control of Electronically Commutated BLDC Motor" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd13087.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/13087/zeta-converter-for-speed-control-of-electronically-commutated-bldc-motor/kirti-b-nagne 

ETH D-MAVT Prof. Fumiya Iida lecture video 04/10/2011

This paper presents a novel neural adaptive Kalman filter for speed sensorless field oriented vector control of induction motor. The adaptive observer proposed here is based on MRAS (model reference adaptive system) technique, where the linear Kalman filter calculate the stationary components of stator current and the rotor flux and the rotor speed is calculated with an adaptive mechanism. Moreover, to improve the performance of the PI classical controller under different conditions, a novel adaptation scheme based on ADALINE (ADAptive LInear NEuron) neural network is used. It offers a solution to the PI parameters to stabilize automatically about their optimum values and speed estimation to converge quicker to the real. The proposed adaptive Kalman filter represents a good comprise between estimation accuracy and computationally intensive. The simulation results showed the robustness, efficiency, and superiority of the proposed scheme compared to the classical method even in low speed region.

CONTENTS: Upper extremity prosthetics research: Experimental investigation of the Heidelberg Pneumatic Arm; experimental investigation of the Northwestern Attitudinal Controlled Elbow; experimental investigation of the French Electric Hand; exploration of minor surgical methods for developing new body control sites; exploration of new harnessing techniques for transducers; evaluation of tentative design criteria for externally powered prostheses. Research on sensory motor control: Experimental investigations of the AIPR pneumatic Arm; experimental investigations of functional muscle isolation by training; development of an external logic system for prosthetic motion control. Research on the performance of human operators of tracking system: Function generator; reports; experimentation. Research on myoelectric control systems: Unidimensional EMG control to a self-paced input; unidimensional EMG control to a step input.

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Standards Organization: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Division Name: Transport Engineering Section Name: Automotive Braking Systems (TED 4) Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 15783 Title of Legally Binding Document: Road vehicles - Brake control levers for two and three wheeled motor vehicles Number of Amendments: Equivalence: Superceding: IS 10259, IS 10841 AND IS 13493 Superceded by: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New --Jawaharlal Nehru Invent a new India using knowledge. --Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

We intend to focus on the dynamic relationship between a sense of agency, attention, and working memory. In the experimental group, participants will be forced to utilize their working memory in order to accurately keep track of light blinks while also maintaining attention on the spinning wheel. We hypothesize that the heightened task complexity effect on attention in the experimental group will decrease the perceived sense of control of the task in comparison to the control group. This study should build on knowledge about the nature of agency and sense of control, and build on our understanding of the relationship between attention, working memory, and sense of agency. The control group will be assigned to a task where they are asked to stop a spinning wheel close to a designated area. The experimental group will be asked to complete the same task while also keeping track of the amount of time a red dot flashes in the middle of the wheel. After each singular trial (which is three instances of the game) participants will be asked to rate their control over the spinning line. The experimental group will also be asked to record the amount of times the red light flashed during the trial. The speed within each trial will remain the same, however, speed will vary across trials. There will also be a short delay between pressing stop and the spinner stopping that is uniform across all trials and groups. We will be conducting our analysis on the different levels of reported control between the single-task and split-attention groups. We will also be analyzing the way that speed affects the control rating.

The present experiment is designed to test the Motor-Cognitive Model (MCM) of motor imagery, as opposed to the Functional Equivalence Model (FEM). The FEM argues that motor imagery and overt action share the same internal processes, leading to a general correspondence in their timing. In contrast, the MCM argues that, although they use the same internal representation, motor imagery and overt action differ in their execution phase. Indeed, during overt action, sensory feedback allows for online control, that is one can adjust and correct the movement in flight. During motor imagery, the absence of online feedback hinders such process: the mental image is instead monitored at the cost of executive resources (Glover et al., 2020; Glover & Baran, 2017). Accordingly, one major tenet of the MCM is that motor imagery and physical actions should not be similarly affected by factors that influence online control. Specifically, we focus here on the quality of online control. For example, if a person closes their eyes when they begin a movement, ongoing visual feedback will be eliminated, and the physical action will suffer from inaccuracy as a result. Thus, the quality of information available to online control may vary across different situations. For a physical movement, decreasing the quality of online control reduces its efficiency, resulting in it being more error prone and/or taking longer to execute. In contrast, during motor imagery, there is a complete lack of online control. Thus, motor imagery should not be impacted when the quality of the information used in online control is altered. To examine the above prediction, participants will either reach to grasp a small disc with their right hand, then place it into a small cylinder, or imagine doing so, a paradigm that we have used before (see Figure 1; Glover et al., 2020; Glover & Baran, 2017; Martel & Glover, Unpublished data). They will index the beginning and the end of their movement using keypresses (with their left index), allowing a comparison of the different conditions. One group of participants will perform the overt action, with their eyes either remaining open throughout (Full Vision trials) or closed at the onset of each movement (No Vision trials), changing the quality of online control. The second group will imagine grasping and placing the disc in the same two visual conditions. Participants in the motor imagery group will be instructed to imagine as rich a visual and kinesthetic image as possible. Each group will complete 12 trials per condition for a total of 24 trials, presented in two counterbalanced blocks across participants. A small number of practice trials will precede each block to familiarize participants with the task. The experimental setup consists of a 50 × 90 cm table, on which will sit a computer keyboard, a wooden box (dimensions: 15.7 × 42 × 22 cm) with a grey plastic tube inside (dimensions: 15 × 4.2 cm) and a small white plastic disc (Figure 1 in attached document). Both the keyboard and the wooden box will be aligned on the left side of the table. The wooden box will be placed in the top left corner of the table, with 7cm being outside of the table surface, while the keyboard will be placed adjoining it. The computer keyboard will be placed in the bottom left corner of the table, so that the participant can use her left index finger to press on the ‘L’ key without the keyboard being in the way. The starting position will be a yellow square sticker (0.5 × 0.5 cm), positioned 52 cm away from the left side of the table, and 5 cm away from the bottom table border (close to the participants). Participants will sit with their body midline aligned to the starting position. The disc (dimensions: 1 × 4 cm) will be positioned with its centre 23.5 cm to the right and 22 cm forward of the starting position. The grey cylinder will be located inside the box, its centre being 18.5 cm forward to its bottom border. Participants in the overt action group will have their movements recorded using the Polhemus motion tracking system, with markers placed on the dorsal surface of the fingernails of the thumb and index finger of their moving hand. The Polhemus tracks the position of the markers at 120Hz, and stores data of the instantaneous x, y, and z coordinates of each marker to PC for later analysis offline.

Background and Objectives: To combat the debilitating effect of chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP), recommendations support Graded Motor Control Exercise (GMCE) as a two-pronged approach with potential to improve disability, pain and fear-avoidance beliefs (FAB). This study aims to elicit the determinants of outcome in patients with CLBP with associated FABs after treatment with GMCE. Method: Twenty-nine patients (20 females) with CLBP were classified using FAB questionnaire into High (> 34) work and High (> 15) physical activity subscales. After 4-week treatment using GMCE, the baseline, 2-week and 4-week post-treatment evaluations were done for pain, disability and lumbar spine active range of motion (AROM). Data was analysed Exploratory-descriptively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and ANOVA were calculated for correlation and significance levels after repeated measures. Multivariate linear regression was done with p < 0.05.

Background and Objectives: To combat the debilitating effect of chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP), recommendations support Graded Motor Control Exercise (GMCE) as a two-pronged approach with potential to improve disability, pain and fear-avoidance beliefs (FAB). This study aims to elicit the determinants of outcome in patients with CLBP with associated FABs after treatment with GMCE. Method: Twenty-nine patients (20 females) with CLBP were classified using FAB questionnaire into High (> 34) work and High (> 15) physical activity subscales. After 4-week treatment using GMCE, the baseline, 2-week and 4-week post-treatment evaluations were done for pain, disability and lumbar spine active range of motion (AROM). Data was analysed Exploratory-descriptively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and ANOVA were calculated for correlation and significance levels after repeated measures. Multivariate linear regression was done with p < 0.05.

Children with ADHD display difficulties with both motor and cognitive control. This is unsurprising given the emergence of cognitive control from motor control in childhood (Koziol et al., 2013; Koziol et al., 2012) and the central role of frontostriatal and cerebellar circuits in the control of thought as well as movement (Diamond, 2013; Frank & Badre, 2015). However, while relationships between elements of motor and cognitive control are apparent, the exact nature of these remains unclear. Motor control can refer to a wide array of abilities, including generating consistent motor output and controlling movement in relation to visual feedback in situations with varying planning demands. Similarly, cognitive control is an umbrella term. It can be separated into at least three components in young children: inhibition (i.e., withholding automatic responses), switching (i.e., change focus from task to task), and working memory monitoring and updating (i.e., keeping track of and refreshing the information held in the minds eye) (Henry & Bettenay, 2010; Miyake et al., 2000). The available evidence suggests that motor control is most frequently associated with cognitive inhibition (Mostofsky et al., 2003; Rigoli et al., 2012) in children with ADHD, although there is also some evidence of links between motor control and working memory (Rigoli et al., 2012). However, given the (partially) overlapping neural circuitry, it is reasonable to suggest that other aspects of cognitive control (e.g., switching/flexibility) are also linked to motor control. Overall, it is unclear which aspects of cognitive control are associated with motor abilities in children presenting with symptoms of ADHD. One reason for the lack of clarity regarding the relationship between motor and cognitive control in understanding ADHD symptomatology is that common measures of inhibition, switching and working memory updating are not-process specific, despite purportedly measuring a particular element of cognitive control. For example, performance on the flanker task, which at face value measures a unitary ability to inhibit a prepotent response, is multidetermined (Sergeant, 2005). Rather than being a simple reflection of inhibitory control, flanker performance appears to depend on how quickly an individual can gather information to inform their decision, how sure they tend to be before they commit to a response, and how long it takes them to encode stimuli and prepare for motor actions (Ratcliff & McKoon, 2008). By separating composite variables into subcomponents, cognitive modelling may facilitate the disentangling of the relationships between motor and cognitive control in children with varying levels of hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptomatology. This two-part study aims to clarify the relationship between motor and cognitive control in a relatively large sample of young children with varying levels of hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptomatology. Part 1 of the study will investigate which aspects of motor control (motor generation and/or visuomotor control in the context of tasks with low and high planning demands) predict which aspects of cognitive control (inhibition, switching/flexibility, and/or working memory) and whether these relationships are moderated by hyperactive-impulsive symptom severity. Part 2 of the study will use cognitive modelling to indicate how motor control might influence performance on a cognitive inhibition task in terms of the constituent processes required for task success (or failure). In part 1 of the study, it is anticipated that cognitive inhibition will be predicted by motor generation and visuomotor control with low planning demands. Specifically, it is predicted that children with greater motor output and better visuomotor control in a low planning demand context will perform better on the flanker task. This is because the measure of cognitive inhibition employed, a flanker task, is a speeded two alternative forced-choice paradigm requiring fast responses with little time for careful, deliberate response planning and thus greater motor output may be helpful for ensuring quick responses. Additionally, given the interference control demands of the flanker task, it is suggested that greater ability to control visually-guided movement in the absence of high planning demands will also be predictive of better flanker performance as children will have to display focused attention and consistently perform accurately despite the speed of the task. It is also expected that, in moderation analysis, children with greater levels of hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptomatology will display a relationship between motor generation and flanker performance in the opposite direction. That is, for children with high levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity, greater motor output will be associated with poorer cognitive inhibition. This prediction is made based on clinical observations and theories suggesting that there is an optimal window of arousal and activation regarding cognitive task performance for children with ADHD (Sergeant, 2005). Regarding foundational working memory abilities (i.e., capacity and maintenance), it is predicted that motor generation will be positively associated with both verbal and visuospatial working memory domains. This is in light of the persistence and consistency involved in performing the tapping task (motor generation) successfully and the assumption that the successful maintenance of information in working memory following acquisition is a process requiring persistence and effort akin to prolonged motor generation over time. It is also anticipated that the positive association between motor output and working memory will be reversed in children with higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity. This is because higher motor activity is usually understood as pathological and related to cognitive impairments in ADHD. Regarding working memory processing (i.e., manipulation), it is anticipated that visuomotor control in both low- and high-planning contexts will be predictive. This is because individual differences in manipulatory working memory processes in childhood might be (partly) explained by individual differences in continuously adjusting movements based on visual feedback (i.e., visuomotor control) in situations regardless of whether intensive planning is possible. Additionally, it is expected that children with high hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and poor visuomotor control will perform even more poorly on a measure of working memory manipulation. With regards to switching/flexibility, given the multifaceted nature of this construct and the many functions tapped by the tasks used to measure it (which include set maintenance and inhibitory processes regarding withholding previously positively reinforced responses as well as attention switching/flexibility per se (Cragg & Chevalier, 2012), it can be speculated that motor generation and visuomotor control in both low and high planning contexts will be positively associated with performance on the task. It is also anticipated that children with high levels of hyperactive-impulsivity who display greater motor output will perform less well on switching than their low-hyperactive-impulsive peers. In part 2 of the study, it is anticipated that motor generation is predictive of the non-decision time element of performance on a flanker task, with children who demonstrate greater motor output displaying shorter non-decision time estimates. This prediction is made in light of the assumption that nondecision time in the drift diffusion partly reflects motor preparation (as well as stimuli encoding). While moderation by hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms will be tested, a directional prediction is not made. Slower (and more variable reaction times) have been linked with ADHD. As minimum reaction times shape the non-decision time parameter estimate in the DDM, this implies larger (i.e., slower) nondecision time parameter estimates for children with higher ADHD symptomatology. However, it is also plausible that ‘hyperactivity’ is present in motor output for children with high hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. This would lead to reduced nondecision time parameter estimates. Indeed, existing research is unequivocal. One study suggests that a group of children aged 6-17 with ADHD displayed faster non-decision time than a healthy control group on a simple perceptual decision-making task and an executive control task (Metin et al., 2013). However, another study did not find any differences in non-decision time across comparable ADHD and healthy control groups (Karalunas et al., 2012). Finally, it is predicted that visuomotor control in low-planning contexts is related to boundary separation estimates. Children who are better able to control fine motor movements in response to visual stimuli might reasonably display more conservative response strategies (i.e., larger boundary separation estimates) on speeded two-alternative forced-choice reaction time tasks. Alternatively, children might display negative associations between low-planning visuomotor control and boundary separation. This is because individuals with greater ability can benefit from a liberal response strategy (i.e., smaller boundary separation estimates), as they do not need to continue to acquire unnecessary evidence to make accurate decisions (Schmiedek et al., 2007). Accordingly, a non-directional prediction is offered. Again, while moderation effects regarding hyperactive-impulsive symptoms will be investigated, a directional prediction is not offered. This is because although slow and variable response times on speeded reaction time tasks have been observed in children with ADHD, which would suggest larger boundary separation in line with a speed-accuracy trade-off favouring accuracy, accuracy is also usually poor, which would suggest suboptimal boundary separation (and/or drift rate). Moreover, there is a paucity of research specifically using the flanker task as opposed to other measures of inhibitory control in children with ADHD, which prevents strong predictions from being offered. Slow drift rate (i.e., the speed at which information is acquired) is reliably associated with ADHD in children (Feldman & Huang-Pollock, 2021; Haller et al., 2021; Huang-Pollock et al., 2017, 2020; Karalunas et al., 2012). It is anticipated that drift rate will be predicted by motor generation and visuomotor control in a low-planning context, and that this relationship will be moderated by hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms as the cognitive-energetic model of ADHD (Sergeant, 2005) predicts a quadratic association between ‘activation’ (i.e., tonic changes of physiological activity) and ‘arousal’ (i.e., phasic responding time-locked to stimulus processing) and performance on cognitive tasks.

Many tasks in robotics can be decomposed into sub-tasks that are performed simultaneously. In many cases, these sub-tasks cannot all be achieved jointly and a prioritization of such sub-tasks is required to resolve this issue. In this paper, we discuss a novel learning approach that allows to learn a prioritized control law built on a set of sub-tasks represented by motor primitives. The primitives are executed simultaneously but have different priorities. Primitives of higher priority can override the commands of the conflicting lower priority ones. The dominance structure of these primitives has a significant impact on the performance of the prioritized control law. We evaluate the proposed approach with a ball bouncing task on a Barrett WAM.

ETH D-MAVT Prof. Fumiya Iida lecture video 18/10/2011

This report isolates and examines some of the emergent perceptual-motor issues raised by the new style in human- computer interaction. It concerns the use of a mouse to select commands from menus. Herein I describe the physical and perceptual characteristics of the menus and selection procedures to be studied. I also cover research from both the motor-control and the human- computer interaction literature that applies to perceptual and motor aspects of menu selection.

This article is from Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , volume 6 . Abstract Mind wandering episodes have been construed as periods of “stimulus-independent” thought, where our minds are decoupled from the external sensory environment. In two experiments, we used behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures to determine whether mind wandering episodes can also be considered as periods of “response-independent” thought, with our minds disengaged from adjusting our behavioral outputs. In the first experiment, participants performed a motor tracking task and were occasionally prompted to report whether their attention was “on-task” or “mind wandering.” We found greater tracking error in periods prior to mind wandering vs. on-task reports. To ascertain whether this finding was due to attenuation in visual perception per se vs. a disruptive effect of mind wandering on performance monitoring, we conducted a second experiment in which participants completed a time-estimation task. They were given feedback on the accuracy of their estimations while we recorded their EEG, and were also occasionally asked to report their attention state. We found that the sensitivity of behavior and the P3 ERP component to feedback signals were significantly reduced just prior to mind wandering vs. on-task attentional reports. Moreover, these effects co-occurred with decreases in the error-related negativity elicited by feedback signals (fERN), a direct measure of behavioral feedback assessment in cortex. Our findings suggest that the functional consequences of mind wandering are not limited to just the processing of incoming stimulation per se, but extend as well to the control and adjustment of behavior.

This article is from Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , volume 6 . Abstract Mind wandering episodes have been construed as periods of “stimulus-independent” thought, where our minds are decoupled from the external sensory environment. In two experiments, we used behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures to determine whether mind wandering episodes can also be considered as periods of “response-independent” thought, with our minds disengaged from adjusting our behavioral outputs. In the first experiment, participants performed a motor tracking task and were occasionally prompted to report whether their attention was “on-task” or “mind wandering.” We found greater tracking error in periods prior to mind wandering vs. on-task reports. To ascertain whether this finding was due to attenuation in visual perception per se vs. a disruptive effect of mind wandering on performance monitoring, we conducted a second experiment in which participants completed a time-estimation task. They were given feedback on the accuracy of their estimations while we recorded their EEG, and were also occasionally asked to report their attention state. We found that the sensitivity of behavior and the P3 ERP component to feedback signals were significantly reduced just prior to mind wandering vs. on-task attentional reports. Moreover, these effects co-occurred with decreases in the error-related negativity elicited by feedback signals (fERN), a direct measure of behavioral feedback assessment in cortex. Our findings suggest that the functional consequences of mind wandering are not limited to just the processing of incoming stimulation per se, but extend as well to the control and adjustment of behavior.

We describe and demonstrate a construct termed a "virtual tool", that provides a flexible interface to sensory-motor control. This interface is, from a user standpoint, substantially less complex, and more application-oriented than the raw devices. The basic idea is to use extra degrees of freedom present in a flexible system, in conjunction with sophisticated sensing (e.g. vision), to dynamically configure or "tailor" a manipulator so that it is matched to a particular situation and operation. This "virtual tool" is created by imposing customized, sensory modulated constraints between various degrees of freedom in the system. The remaining degrees of freedom constitute a small set of control parameters that are fitted to a particular operation. We argue that, within the confines of fairly broad application domains, a small set of "tool classes" can be defined that will serve as a general purpose sensory-motor toolbox for a wide variety of applications. We further argue that such class definitions can be made portable not only across tasks, but across platforms as well. The implementation of a number of basic tool classes, on various platforms, using vision and other sensory modalities, is described; and their use in performing multi-stage sensory-modulated manipulation tasks is illustrated.

Downloaded from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Youtube channel on 2025-02-02 10:14:17 https://youtube.com/watch?v=Eq4Gq6nJgUQ -------- Poisonings, motor vehicle crashes, and falls are the top three leading causes of unintentional injury death for people of all ages. Learn more: https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars. Comments on this video are allowed in accordance with our comment policy: http://www.cdc.gov/SocialMedia/Tools/CommentPolicy.html This video can also be viewed at https://www.cdc.gov/wcms/video/low-res/injury/2019/31803180CDC-WISQARS-leading-causes-death-poisonings-motor-vehicle-crashes-falls.mp4

Downloaded from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Youtube channel on 2025-02-02 10:14:17 https://youtube.com/watch?v=Eq4Gq6nJgUQ -------- Poisonings, motor vehicle crashes, and falls are the top three leading causes of unintentional injury death for people of all ages. Learn more: https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars. Comments on this video are allowed in accordance with our comment policy: http://www.cdc.gov/SocialMedia/Tools/CommentPolicy.html This video can also be viewed at https://www.cdc.gov/wcms/video/low-res/injury/2019/31803180CDC-WISQARS-leading-causes-death-poisonings-motor-vehicle-crashes-falls.mp4

This paper proposes a closed-loop control strategy to control the speed of a single phase induction motor (IM). The control strategy employs Slip Frequency Control technique to independently control the currents in two stator windings and make them follow a predefined sinusoidal waveform. The current flowing through the two windings are controlled with the help of a hysteresis current controller. The proposed scheme is successful in controlling the speed of single phase IM and it is clear from the simulation results.

As well-known, linear motors are widely applied to various industrial applications due to their abilities in providing directly straight movement without auxiliary mechanical transmissions. This paper addresses the sensorless control problem of tubular linear synchronous motors, which belong to a family of permanent magnet linear motor. To be specific, a novel velocity observer is proposed to deal with an unmeasurable velocity problem, and asymptotic convergence of the observer error is ensured. Unlike other studies on sensorless control methods for linear motors, our proposed observer is designed by regrading unknown disturbance load in the tracking control problem whereas considering theoretical demonstrations. By adjusting controller parameters properly, the position and velocity tracking error converge in arbitrary small values. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in two illustrative examples.

In the bearingless induction motor (BIM), the rotor of BIM is supported by the magnetic force, the radial position control technique is studied in this paper, an approximation and simplification are used to create a linearized model of suspension system. The objective of this paper is to design a control system that overcomes the limitations of the traditional controller and to improve the control performance and achieve high stability, even if it is exposed to external disturbance and internal disturbance (changes in load or speed). In order to solve this problem, the proposed controller is based on the fuzzy-I controller that combines the positive features of both fuzzy logic and the integration. In comparison with the conventional PID, the results show that the fuzzy-I controller reduces the peak-to-peak rotor deviation by 23% under effect of external disturbance force and 31% under effect of speed variation and 9% under effect of load variation.

Nowadays, electrical drives require more and more precision and reliability. Induction machine is one of the most robust actuators in terms of maintenance and reliability. Their control requires a good knowledge of the physical phenomena governing its operation. Saturation and heating are two main phenomena that must be taken into account to achieve the desired performance. In this paper, we will synthesize a nonlinear control law based on the “Backstepping” method, to regulate rotor speed and flux. This law takes into account saturation and rotor resistance variation effects. The immunity of the control to temperature rise will be tested. This control strategy is studied by simulation in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Interior rotor axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (IRAFSM) sensorless control is essential to inject the motor inside the electric vehicles’ tire. The proposed straight-line guided by the reference speed (SLGBRS) sensorless space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter-direct torque control (DTC) technique for driving the IRAFSM used for electric vehicles (EVs) is evaluated using laboratory emulator setup. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) controller and data acquisition are used as a real-time emulation, while the results are compared with MATLAB simulation results. Both simulation and real-time application of the proposed sensorless control for the IRAFSM offer a good speed response. The results of real-time evaluation are identical with the simulation results so, the control is accurate and suitable for practical applications. Urban dynamometer driving cycle (UDDS) for heavy-duty vehicles is used as a driving cycle for simulation and real time evaluation. UDDS is used to ensure the reliability of the proposed control against a wide range of speed changes to be applicable for many applications. The proposed technique allows utilizing the IRAFSM in many applications that requires less contact and redu

Conventional direct torque control (DTC) can be served to drive a dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM) by controlling the torque and speed. It relies on the direct application of controlled sequences through the use of a combination of dual hysteresis controllers with a transitioning table. In the course of conventional DTC implementation, there's generation of high armature current with lower-level harmonics, leading to increased losses that affect the machine's effectiveness. To enable a diminishment in these harmonics and consequently enhance the motor's efficiency, an approach to modify the conventional DTC is proposed. Specifically, this strategy involves adapting a new distribution of sectors and substituting the elements of the obtained switching table with synthetic elements. Simulated data validate the effectiveness of the chosen methodology.

Conventional direct torque control (DTC) can be served to drive a dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM) by controlling the torque and speed. It relies on the direct application of controlled sequences through the use of a combination of dual hysteresis controllers with a transitioning table. In the course of conventional DTC implementation, there's generation of high armature current with lower-level harmonics, leading to increased losses that affect the machine's effectiveness. To enable a diminishment in these harmonics and consequently enhance the motor's efficiency, an approach to modify the conventional DTC is proposed. Specifically, this strategy involves adapting a new distribution of sectors and substituting the elements of the obtained switching table with synthetic elements. Simulated data validate the effectiveness of the chosen methodology.

A new controller is designed for speed and torque control of a Permanent Magnet DC motor based on measurements of speed and current. This research work focuses on investigating the effects of control of the speed and torque of two brushless dc motors that are mechanically coupled. Two controller design methods: the Root Locus method and Bode Plot method as well as two controllers: Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Proportional- Integral (PI) are used to obtain the control objectives of speed control and torque control. The simulation is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The effects of varying the controller gains on the system performance is studied and quantified. The simulation results show that the speed control objectives of the motor are satisfied even in the case of torque disturbance from the other motor.

The research outlines a thorough explanation along with implementation details of intelligent controllers for speed control systems of induction motors which use the indirect vector control method. A complete mathematical description and MATLAB simulation of the field orientation control (FOC) induction motor is provided for studying a 70 HP (42KW) cage type induction motor. This document evaluates the performance output of three control systems through PI fuzzy and neural networks evaluation. The current method eliminates the requirement of speed and flux sensors because their installation increases expense and affects mechanical system reliability. A highly beneficial approach to achieve high-performance speed control exists through neural network-based controllers. There are three elements that comprise the system: the neural network controller and reference modal and weight adjustment methods for neural network weights permitting speed observation. The stator current functions independently from torque-producers and flux-generators in drives that use indirect vector-control of induction motors.

This paper presents the comparative performances of Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) for the three-phase induction motor. Recently, the interest of widely used the induction motor at industries because of reliability, ruggedness and almost free in maintenance. Thus, the IFOC scheme is employed to control the speed of induction motor. Therefore, P and PI controllers based on IFOC approach are analyzed at differences speed commands with no load condition. On the other hand, the PI controller is tuned based on Ziegler-Nichols method by using PSIM software which is user-friendly for simulations, design and analysis of motor drive, control loop and the power converter in power electronics studies. Subsequently, the simulated of P controller results are compared with the simulated of PI controller results at difference speed commands with no load condition. Finally, the simulated results of speed controllers are compared with the experimental results in order to explore the performances of speed responses by using IFOC scheme for three-phase induction motor drives.

This paper presents the comparative performances of Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) for the three-phase induction motor. Recently, the interest of widely used the induction motor at industries because of reliability, ruggedness and almost free in maintenance. Thus, the IFOC scheme is employed to control the speed of induction motor. Therefore, P and PI controllers based on IFOC approach are analyzed at differences speed commands with no load condition. On the other hand, the PI controller is tuned based on Ziegler-Nichols method by using PSIM software which is user-friendly for simulations, design and analysis of motor drive, control loop and the power converter in power electronics studies. Subsequently, the simulated of P controller results are compared with the simulated of PI controller results at difference speed commands with no load condition. Finally, the simulated results of speed controllers are compared with the experimental results in order to explore the performances of speed responses by using IFOC scheme for three-phase induction motor drives.

This paper presents the comparative performances of Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) for the three-phase induction motor. Recently, the interest of widely used the induction motor at industries because of reliability, ruggedness and almost free in maintenance. Thus, the IFOC scheme is employed to control the speed of induction motor. Therefore, P and PI controllers based on IFOC approach are analyzed at differences speed commands with no load condition. On the other hand, the PI controller is tuned based on Ziegler-Nichols method by using PSIM software which is user-friendly for simulations, design and analysis of motor drive, control loop and the power converter in power electronics studies. Subsequently, the simulated of P controller results are compared with the simulated of PI controller results at difference speed commands with no load condition. Finally, the simulated results of speed controllers are compared with the experimental results in order to explore the performances of speed responses by using IFOC scheme for three-phase induction motor drives.

This paper presents the comparative performances of Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) for the three-phase induction motor. Recently, the interest of widely used the induction motor at industries because of reliability, ruggedness and almost free in maintenance. Thus, the IFOC scheme is employed to control the speed of induction motor. Therefore, P and PI controllers based on IFOC approach are analyzed at differences speed commands with no load condition. On the other hand, the PI controller is tuned based on Ziegler-Nichols method by using PSIM software which is user-friendly for simulations, design and analysis of motor drive, control loop and the power converter in power electronics studies. Subsequently, the simulated of P controller results are compared with the simulated of PI controller results at difference speed commands with no load condition. Finally, the simulated results of speed controllers are compared with the experimental results in order to explore the performances of speed responses by using IFOC scheme for three-phase induction motor drives.

This paper presents the comparative performances of Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) for the three-phase induction motor. Recently, the interest of widely used the induction motor at industries because of reliability, ruggedness and almost free in maintenance. Thus, the IFOC scheme is employed to control the speed of induction motor. Therefore, P and PI controllers based on IFOC approach are analyzed at differences speed commands with no load condition. On the other hand, the PI controller is tuned based on Ziegler-Nichols method by using PSIM software which is user-friendly for simulations, design and analysis of motor drive, control loop and the power converter in power electronics studies. Subsequently, the simulated of P controller results are compared with the simulated of PI controller results at difference speed commands with no load condition. Finally, the simulated results of speed controllers are compared with the experimental results in order to explore the performances of speed responses by using IFOC scheme for three-phase induction motor drives.