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Numerous studies have investigated cognition following a concussion in student athletes, using several different cognitive and neurocognitive tools. However, a comprehensive review which summarizes and categorizes changes for this population has not yet been conducted. The purpose of this work is to systematically review cognitive changes associated with sport-related concussion in student athletes. This review will inform clinicians and researchers about cognitive changes that occur, and the timeframe in which functioning returns to the equivalent level of age-matched controls.

Paul Middlebrooks is a neuroscientist and host of the Brain Inspired podcast, which explores the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence.Paul's PhD thesis is titled "Neuronal Correlates of Meta-Cognition in Primate Frontal Cortex", which he completed at the University of Pittsburgh in 2011. We discuss Paul's work on meta-cognition - informally, thinking about thinking - then discuss neuroscience for A.I. and A.I. for neuroscience. Episode notes: https://cs.nyu.edu/~welleck/episode17.htmlFollow the Thesis Review (@thesisreview) and Sean Welleck (@wellecks) on Twitter, and find out more info about the show at https://cs.nyu.edu/~welleck/podcast.htmlSupport The Thesis Review at https://www.patreon.com/thesisreview

This meta-analysis will synthesize findings from studies examining the effect of motivation on cognitive performance in healthy younger and older adults.

Amidst many focuses in the area of research related to factors influencing cognitive ability as well as cognition in general, constructs measuring aspects of cognitive motivation or cognitive investment have in recent years increasingly provoked interest and lead to diverse findings in specifically psychological research and beyond. Probably the construct most focused on is Need for Cognition (NFC) which has originally been conceptualized by Cacioppo and Petty (1982) as well as following researchers (Cacioppo et al., 1996) and characterized as an individual’s stable tendency to actively search for and engage in effortful intellectual challenges and endeavours as well as enjoy such an activity. Individuals scoring high on NFC have been found to be highly intrinsically motivated and naturally tending to seek, acquire and evaluate information to make sense of their surroundings (Cacioppo et al., 1996). Given the characterisation of the construct of NFC as well as early findings by Cacioppo et al. (1996), it might be presumed that the principal characteristic of individuals high on NFC to actively search for and enjoy challenging intellectual endeavours is linked to a particular pattern of general cognitive dispositions and processes. Das et al. (2003) for instance found NFC to be moderately to highly and significantly positively associated with information seeking behaviour on the internet, the latter being referred to by the authors as a more complex source of information compared to others. Mokhtari et al. also (2013) reported a high association between NFC and a self-constructed questionnaire to measure information seeking behaviour (Mokhtari et al., 2013). Verplanken et al. (1992) also found individuals scoring high on NFC to show a greater desire for and a more resilient search of information in a task concerning the evaluation of presented brands. Also, the cognitive effort put into this evaluation was positively associated with NFC. Curşeu (2011) on the other hand found students high on NFC to have a greater tendency to seek information from other students in their study group. Furthermore, Cacioppo et al. (1996) suggests that individuals lower on NFC invest less cognitive effort when processing information and also rely more on mental short-cuts (e.g., the belief in experts) to make sense out of information presented to them. Results by Levin et al. (2000) support this conception, as differences between high and low scoring individuals on NFC in the amount of acquired knowledge were found primarily when it was demanded to make a choice about which few options to include into further consideration. This might be explained by an increased demand for thorough evaluation when consequences of a choice are weightier (Levin et al., 2000). Furthermore, the way in which a problem is framed seems to have a significant effect on the individuals’ choice when scoring low on NFC but not for those with high scores on the construct (Smith & Levin, 1996). Regarding motivational factors, See et al. (2009) found individuals with high levels on NFC to be more motivated to process the information contained in a message described as complex in opposition to simple, with individuals scoring low showing the reversed pattern. Also, persons scoring high on NFC indeed applied their cognitive resources only when the message was labelled as complex (See et al., 2009). Also, Cazan and Indreica (2014) found NFC to be moderately up to highly and positively associated to learning-strategies like “deep processing” as well as “self-regulation strategies”, suggesting a deeper engagement with information as well the utilization of metacognitive skills to attain a specific goal (Cazan & Indreica, 2014). Various studies have investigated the relationship between NFC and measures of crystallized as well as fluid intelligence. Stuart-Hamilton and McDonald (2001) operationalized crystallized intelligence as the score in the Mill Hill Vocabulary Test (Raven, Court, & Raven, 1994, as cited in Stuart-Hamilton & McDonald, 2001) and reported only small correlations between the measures in a sample of older adults. In Tidwell et al. (2000), participants’ knowledge was operationalized as the score in a multiple-choice test and verbal ability measured with the Shipley-Hartford scale (Shipley, 1940, as cited in Tidwell et al., 2000). NFC was found to be lightly associated with knowledge and moderately with verbal ability, the former correlation being small but significant even with verbal ability partialed out. Woo et al. (2007) reported a significant moderate correlation between NFC and knowledge in various areas, which was however operationalized as the participants estimation of their own self-rated knowledge, while controlling for self-enhancement. Concerning fluid intelligence, Stuart-Hamilton and McDonald (2001) found a moderate to high positive and significant association between NFC and scores in Raven’s matrices. The latter measure an individual’s ability to detect a pattern in a series of figures and complete it by choosing a figure from the possible options. Furnham and Thorne (2013) examined the relationship of NFC to the Wonderlic Personnel Test (Wonderlic, 1992, as cited in Furnham and Thorne, 2013) as an indicator of intellectual ability. NFC was moderately up to highly correlated to the test, yet as this measure is regarded as measuring general intelligence rather than either fluid or crystallized intelligence separately (Bell et al., 2002), their results are difficult to interpret in this regard. Fleischhauer et al. (2010) used the I-S-T 2000 R, an intelligence test that allows e.g., for measuring verbal intelligence, figural and spacial intelligence, arithmetical intelligence, working memory, deductive reasoning as well as fluid and crystallized intelligence (Amthauer et al., 2001). They reported NFC to be moderately positive and significantly correlated to measures of fluid intelligence with crystallized intelligence being however only lightly positively and not significantly associated with the construct. Additionally, individuals scoring high on NFC did in fact not respond correctly to more tasks than individuals low on NFC but answered more correctly on those that they did approach. This supports the conclusion of a particular style of answering and suggests primarily a greater investment of cognitive resources and inclination to solve a given puzzle. Hill et al. (2013) used the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (Wechsler, 1997, as cited in Hill et al., 2013) as well as Raven’s matrices and found NFC and fluid intelligence to be moderately and significantly positively associated. Other than in Fleischhauer et al. (2010) however, also three categories measuring crystallized intelligence were significantly associated with NFC to a moderate degree. One should further suspect individuals with higher scores on NFC to be e.g., more apt to being effectively involved in a prolonged and demanding cognitive effort due to their tendency to engage in and enjoy complex puzzles and other cognitive challenges. This conception of NFC suggests that these individuals could display greater capacities in several executive functions such as working memory and inhibitory control (Miyake et al., 2000): A prolonged engagement in intellectually challenging situations will for example potentially demand from individuals to constantly take up, retain and update information necessary for the tasks ahead as well as show a certain resilience to distracting influences. The former might consequently be represented in an enhanced working memory capacity and the latter in a heightened inhibitory control – the ability to deliberately inhibit dominant and automatic responses when it is required (Miyake et al., 2000; Diamond, 2013). In a preliminary literature screening, comparatively few studies have been found that – directly or indirectly – link NFC to executive functions. However, a cognitive function that has occasionally been conceptualized as an overlying construct which increases due to enhanced executive functions is “self-control” (Katzir et al., 2010). It describes the capacity to choose in a given situation long-term beneficial global goals or values over short-term situational benefits (Fujita, 2011) and has been found to be significantly and positively correlated to NFC (Bertrams & Dickhäuser, 2009; Grass et al., 2019). Also, self-control seems to mediate the relationship between NFC and the school grades attained by participants (Bertrams & Dickhäuser, 2009). While no studies have been found, that directly addressed the relationship to NFC, the Stroop task is an often-used measure to assess inhibitory control as an individual’s capacity to suppress a dominant response to the word information (e.g., West & Alain, 2000; Bratzke et al., 2012). Though labelled with “self-control”, findings by Bertrams and Dickhäuser (2012) who examined the relationship between NFC and participants’ performance in the Stroop task might therefore be also regarded as also directly concerning inhibitory control. These authors reported a positive small to moderate association but no correlation to the reaction times in interference trials when administering a Stroop task without a previous depleting task (Bertrams & Dickhäuser, 2012). However, in a recent attempt to clarify the relationship between NFC and central executive functions, Gärtner et al. (2021) also examined inhibitory control next to other functions such as shifting and updating. Applying a Bayesian Correlation Analysis to the data and providing sufficient power to detect the suspected effects, their findings do not allow the conclusion that NFC is related to any of these functions. Furthermore, only a few studies have focused on the relationship between working memory and NFC. With NFC being generally characterized as an individual’s intrinsically motivated tendency to engage in effortful cognitive endeavours and enjoy this activity, it would have to be suspected that such activities required enhanced mnestic abilities, yet e.g., results by Fleischhauer et al. (2010) suggest no noticeable relationship to NFC. Similar results have been reported by Hill et al. (2016), who also did not find significant associations of NFC to e.g., a task measuring listening span as well as a N-back task. However, Hill et al. (2016) further analysed the same data used by Hill et al. (2013) and examined the possible influence of working memory as a moderator on the relationship between NFC and intelligence measures. Their results suggest that working memory does indeed serve as a moderator on the relationship insofar as an average degree of working memory capacity is required for the positive relationship between NFC and intelligence to be observed (Hill et al., 2013). The goal of the present review and meta-analysis is to provide an answer to the questions concerning the relationship between Need for Cognition (NFC) and fluid and crystallized intelligence as well as executive functions. Though the association between these variables has been investigated over the last decades, the results must partially be regarded as very dispersed over multiple fields of psychological research as well as provided using sometimes different kind of measures. To allow for a clearer and more comprehensive picture, the present study will therefore aim at reviewing the available literature up to the present date as well as provide a metanalytic synthetization of study results. In order to examine this relationship, the study aims at answering the following questions by estimating the mean effect size (calculated as Pearson’s r) across primary studies. The specific kinds of measurement of the cognitive variable mentioned in research question 3 refers to potential differences in the way in which a cognitive variable could have been measured over studies. Hill et al. (2016) for instance used several measures as indicators of working memory capacity. As the theoretical background does not clearly indicate a relationship between NFC and executive functions, no specific hypotheses can be derived and formulated. However, the definition of NFC as well as the respective functions does conceptually suggest potential associations to some degree, which is why the association of NFC with these cognitive functions will be examined next to intelligence. Yet with no explicit expectations in this regard, research question 2 can consequently be considered as exploratory. Research question 3 is equally of exploratory kind because the set of moderating variables that have been specified here cannot be regarded as being exhaustive and will over the course of the literature search potentially be extended. The research questions are the following: 1. What are the relations between NFC and measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence? 2. What are the relations between NFC and executive functions such as self-control, inhibitory control, shifting, updating, attention-related variables and working memory? 3. Do variables like age, sex, risk of bias and the specific kind of measurement of the cognitive variable in the primary studies moderate the relationship between NFC and the respective cognitive variables?

Meta analysis reviewing relationship between the experience of ACEs and cognitive function in adulthood.

Relation between Meta-Cognition of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and Students’ Autonomy Development Satomi Ura, Department of International Studies, School of Humanity, Meisei University, Japan   The Eighth International Conference on Languages, Linguistics, Translation and Literature 14-15 February 2023 , Ahwaz For more information, please visit the conference website: WWW.LLLD.IR

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment as core symptoms in the elderly. AD represents a substantial burden on patients, families, and societies . Although some pharmacological treatments are clinically available for alleviating par 40 tially the symptoms of AD, no disease-modifying or preventative treatments have been developed. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new effective therapeutic methods to overcome the medical and socioeconomic issues associated with AD. To this end, elaborate research is warranted to understand the pathology of AD. Mounting evidence has supported the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which states that excessive accumulation of a peptide called amyloid may be the key contributor associated with the onset of AD. According to this hypothesis, the pathology of AD gradually progresses in the order of accumulation of amyloid- , reduced cerebral blood flow and hypometabolism of glucose, brain atrophy, and then cognitive decline in this population. However, it is also known that there is an inter-individual difference in the relationship between the pathological change in the brain and the onset of cognitive symptoms. Brain reserve is a hypothetical concept that explains this individual heterogeneity: the more the reserve, the more change required to cause symptoms. Stern conceptualized cognitive reserve as functional aspect of such reserve reflecting individual life experience, as opposed quantitative aspect of the reserve such as the number of neurons the brain can lose while maintaining its function. Education has been regarded as one of the most important contributors to cognitive reserve. Murray et al. revealed that educational attainment has a positive effect on late-life cognitive function in elderly people without dementia. McDowell et al. found that high levels of educational attainment protect against progress of dementia. Education is considered to have a protective effect against both cognitive decline and atrophy associated with aging and dementia possibly through neuroplasticity. For instance, a previous meta-analysis noted that brain size is positively correlated with intellectual levels especially in cognitively normal elderly adults. In contrast, in participants with AD, a review article summarized that there is a negative correlation between cognitive reserve and brain size. However, there are few reports that examine the relationship between cognitive reserve and AD-related brain imaging biomarkers. Further, it still remains unclear how education levels modify the pathology of AD. Furthermore, since mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered as an intermediary stage between normal aging and AD, it is important to explore this critical clinical stage to understand the underlying pathology of AD. However, few studies have examined relationships between education levels and brain imaging biomarkers related to AD pathology among participants with MCI.

Project Veena introduces a design-led framework for reasoning in agentic AI systems. It proposes a structured rhythm of reflection and prioritization grounded in design thinking, meta-cognition, and feedback theory. Unlike prompt-chained agents or reactive LLM workflows, Veena centers around intentional reasoning loops—drawing from the Double Diamond model, Eisenhower prioritization, and optimal stopping logic. It introduces a regenerative feedback taxonomy that repositions human input as modulation signals, not corrections. This registration includes the public-facing conceptual paper and IP safeguard documentation. The internal architecture, sequencing logic, and integration methods remain under private registration and are part of an ongoing IP filing process. Veena is a framework designed for co-evolution—not just task execution. It opens the conversation for structured reflection in AI design and offers a new paradigm for human-aligned cognitive agents.

The aim of present research was examine of relationship between destruction meta-cognitive beliefs and academic achievement of students with test anxiety. For this purpose, 243 girls and boys subjects with test anxiety of 900 students of guidance schools of Noshar city were determined as the sample of study. For gathering the data, Meta-cognition Questionnaire and Test Anxiety Inventory were used. The grade point average were calculated for the student academic success. The results showed that destruction meta-cognitive beliefs is related to academic achievement in the students with test anxiety (r=0.21, P

Internet addiction has become a global mental health concern, particularly among adolescents. This study conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between self-cognition and internet addiction, with a focus on three dimensions of self-cognition: self-awareness (SA), self-evaluation (SE), and self-regulation (SR).

The overarching goal of this meta-analysis is to review the degree to which the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) identifies significant differences between medically or psychiatrically ill populations and normative or community samples. We reviewed literature (papers published in peer-reviewed journals and doctoral dissertations) that used the NIHTB-CB since its inception in 2012 through December 2021 and plan to compare NIHTB-CB norms first to clinical samples’ performance (i.e., those with a medical or psychiatric condition) and second to the performance of recruited community samples. Our research questions include the following: (1) Does the NIHTB-CB detect differences between medical or psychiatric groups known to experience cognitive dysfunction and groups without historical deficits? (2) Are recruited community sample data comparable to the NIHTB-CB normative data? (3) Does the NIHTB-CB highlight unique patterns of neurocognitive dysfunction in discrete medical or psychiatric populations when compared to the NIHTB-CB normative data or recruited community samples?

This is a pre-registration for The Joint Neural Networks Underlying Loneliness and Perseverative Cognition: A Meta-analysis. The project will conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the loneliness and perseverative cognition neural circuits separately. The joint neural regions underpinning both loneliness and perseverative cognition are revealed through the conjunction analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of behavioral activation on affect-laden cognition.

This is the search protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the efficacy of video games as therapeutic tools to promote cognitive and functional capacity outcomes in patients with mild cognitive impairment/ dementia. PRISMA statement was used as guideline to develop the present protocol.

The project analyses the French defeat in Indochina to illustrate aspects of situational metacogniton, phronesis and strategic foresight. The French Indochina War (1946-1954) provides an exotic milieu to systematically explore strategic failure that resonates today. The study reviews the Indochina War literature across five themes, looking for military insights as metaphors for strategic ecological transformation. It explores the evolution of casualties and limits of conflict modelling. The Indochina War was an unnecessary and catastrophic one for France, Vietnam and, subsequently, the Untied States. Notwithstanding some heroic military actions, the dissonance between the dirty reality of ‘la sale guerre’ and the antiquated ideals for which it was ostensibly pursued, undermined the French position. In short the war merely delayed and bloodied an inevitable post-colonial regime shift. Systemic dysfunction and leadership failure has parallels for ecological transformation. Today, diminished situational cognition, ignorance or limited foresight inevitably entails widespread and unnecessary suffering.

Pre-registration for a meta-analysis of the Influence of embodied cognition on the perception and representation of numbers.

This project is a preregistered meta-analysis investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and social cognitive abilities, specifically empathy and Theory of Mind (ToM). Prior research has yielded contradictory findings: some studies suggest lower-SES individuals exhibit heightened sensitivity to others' mental and emotional states, while others associate low SES with poorer performance on social cognitive tasks. To resolve these inconsistencies, this project aims to quantitatively synthesize the existing literature to determine the overall effect size and identify key moderators. Potential moderators include the type of SES measure (subjective vs. objective), the nature of the social cognition task (e.g., facial emotion recognition, perspective-taking) and sample characteristics (e.g., age, gender, culture). The study adheres to PRISMA guidelines and employs a three-level meta-analytic model to account for effect size dependence. We expect our findings to clarify the generalizability of SES effects on social cognition and contribute to theoretical debates on class-based cognitive patterns, domain specificity, and cultural variation.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to resolve a long-standing and fundamental debate in SLA and TBLT: how does increasing the cognitive complexity of an oral task affect a learner's subsequent language performance? The project is centered on the conflicting predictions of two major theoretical frameworks: Skehan's Limited Attention Capacity (LAC) model, which posits a trade-off between performance dimensions (i.e., gains in complexity come at the cost of fluency or accuracy), and Robinson's Cognition Hypothesis, which predicts that increasing task complexity along specific resource-directing dimensions will simultaneously enhance both linguistic complexity and accuracy, albeit at the expense of fluency.

This is a meta-analytic review of the extant literature regarding synchrony (both biological and behavioral) and its relation to cognitive outcomes in children.

The application of machine learning (ML) models in cognitive neuroscience has expanded significantly over the past decade. In neuroimaging research, ML techniques have been widely employed to predict human phenotypes from brain imaging data. A particularly active area of investigation is the use of various MRI modalities to predict cognitive function. Despite this growing interest, only one meta-analysis has addressed this topic to date, and it included studies published only up to 2020—a period that preceded the widespread availability of large-scale MRI datasets and the rapid evolution of ML methodologies (Vieira et al., 2022). In light of the field’s continued growth and technological advancements, we propose a comprehensive meta-analysis with an expanded scope. This study will include research utilizing any MRI modality to predict a broad spectrum of cognitive outcomes using diverse ML algorithms. With a more extensive and up-to-date body of literature, we will also investigate potential moderating factors, including sample characteristics, preprocessing techniques, definitions of cognition, types of ML algorithms, MRI modalities, validation methods, control of confounding variables, and participant demographics such as health status and age.

Updated Pre-registration. Due to UC strikes the data collection previously registered for Fall 2022 was unable to be enacted. We are taking this circumstance as an opportunity to update some of our materials based on issues experienced with pilot data analysis (see previous registration) and feedback from psychTERMS conference presentation. Classroom implementation of meta-cognition through exam correction cover letters in a lower division psychology research methods course.

The purpose of this review is to identify the social cognition constructs associated with the intention to perform, and actual performance of, self-management behaviors in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), and to estimate the size and variability of the associations between these constructs and FH management behavioral intentions and behavior using meta-analysis. The social cognition constructs will be derived from leading social cognition theories such as social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986), protection motivation theory (Rogers, 1975), and the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). The review will focus on three key FH self-management behaviors: taking cholesterol-lowing medication, physical activity participation, and following a cholesterol-lowing diet. We also aim to test the unique effects of the social cognition constructs on FH self-management behavioral intentions and behavior by testing the fit of a model specifying theory-based relations between the theoretical constructs and outcomes with the meta-analytic data. FH is an inherited dominant disorder that affects lipoprotein metabolism, which, if left untreated, leads to an increased risk of early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Bouhairie & Goldberg, 2015; Migliara et al., 2017). The disorder affects 1 in 250 individuals worldwide (Lui et al., 2020). This risk can be ameliorated by pharmacological treatment and participation in ‘lifestyle’ behaviors. Specifically, effective FH management requires adherence to cholesterol-lowing medication (e.g., statins) coupled with following a cholesterol-lowering diet and participating in regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Successful management of FH, therefore, requires long-term adherence to physician endorsed and evidence-based pharmacological and lifestyle behavior guidelines (Diamond et al., 2021). However, many FH patients fail to adhere to guidelines, which likely contributes to an increased risk of CVD. As a consequence, effective behavioral interventions are considered essential to promote engagement in FH management behaviors with the goal of improving outcomes in FH patients and have been identified as a priority by FH organizations (Krauss et al., 2000; The Family Heart Foundation, 2022). Development of optimally-efficacious behavioral interventions in FH necessitates a fundamental understanding of the determinants of FH management behaviors and the processes involved and may signal potentially modifiable targets for interventions. To this end, researchers have applied social cognition theories to identify the belief-based correlates of intention or motivation to engage in FH management behaviors and identify candidate constructs that may inform the development of intervention content (e.g., Hagger et al., 2019; Razali et al., 2020). A number of social cognition theories have been applied to predict management behaviors in the context of FH, such as social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986), protection motivation theory (Rogers, 1975), and the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). Consistent with these theories, constructs such as attitudes, subjective norms, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy or perceived behavioral control have been shown to be associated with the intention to participate in these behaviors, and intentions act as a mediator of these constructs in these management behaviors (Hagger et al., 2019; Razali et al., 2020). While there have been a number of studies examining the effects of social cognition constructs on intentions and behavior in the context of FH, there has been no formal synthesis of this research. We aim to fill this evidence gap by meta-analyzing the extant research examining associations between these social cognition constructs from multiple theories on intentions toward, and actual participation in, FH management behaviors including medication adherence, diet, and physical activity. The value of this research is that it will identify the size of the averaged correlations of these constructs with intentions and behavior in FH patients across studies, and the associated variability in the correlations, correcting for artifactual bias using meta-analysis. It will also enable a test of the unique or independent effects of these constructs on intentions and behavior by fitting integrated model specifying relations between these theory-based constructs and FH management intentions and behavior to the matrix of meta-analytically derived correlations among them. The analysis is expected to contribute important data to inform an evidence base of potentially modifiable constructs that could be targeted in interventions aimed at promoting participation in FH management behaviors. The analysis also has the potential to identify candidate moderators (gender, behavior type, and average sample age) of the relationships between the social cognition constructs and intentions to perform, and actual participation in, FH management behaviors. However, the extent to which we will be able to test these moderator effects will depend on the number of studies available for inclusion in the meta-analysis. References Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Bouhairie, V., & Goldberg, A. (2015). Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Cardiology Clinics, 33(2), 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2015.01.001 Diamond, D., Alabdulgader, A., de Lorgeril, M., Harcombe, Z., Kendrick, M., & Malhotra, A. et al. (2020). Dietary recommendations for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An evidence-free zone. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 26(6), 295-301. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111412 Hagger, M., Hamilton, K., Hardcastle, S., Hu, M., Kwok, S., & Lin, J. et al. (2019). Predicting intention to participate in self-management behaviors in patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A cross-national study. Social Science & Medicine, 242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112591 Krauss, R., Eckel, R., Howard, B., Appel, L., Daniels, S., & Deckelbaum, R. et al. (2000). AHA dietary guidelines. Circulation, 102(18), 2284-2299. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.18.2284 Lui, D., Lee, A., & Tan, K. (2020). Management of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Current status and future perspectives. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa122 Migliara, G., Baccolini, V., Rosso, A., D’Andrea, E., Massimi, A., Villari, P., & De Vito, C. (2017). Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review of guidelines on genetic testing and patient management. Frontiers in Public Health, 5, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00252 Razali, S., Yap, B., Chua, Y., & M Nawawi, H. (2020). Determinants for healthy lifestyle of patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Environment-Behavior Proceedings Journal, 5(14), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2335 Rogers, R. (1975). A Protection Motivation Theory of fear appeals and attitude change1. The Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803

Drowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional death, accounting for 7% of injury related deaths worldwide (Franklin et al., 2020). Scholars have therefore sought to investigate the factors which precipitate unintentional drowning with the ultimate goal of creating evidence-based behaviour change strategies. One key avenue for such research is the investigation of the beliefs and cognitions which predict individuals’ intentions to engage in behaviours which exacerbate or reduce their risk of drowning. For example, by investigating the predictors of behaviours such as wearing a life jacket, drinking alcohol near water, or enrolling one’s child in formal swimming education (Hamilton, Keech, et al., 2018; Hamilton, Demant, et al., 2020; Hamilton, Keech, et al., 2020; Peden, Demant, et al., 2018; Peden, Smith, et al., 2018). The aforementioned evidence naturally has inherent value in understanding a range of behaviours, and has in turn been extended into the testing and creation of several theory based public health strategies and behaviour change interventions (Hamilton et al., 2022; Hamilton, Keech, et al., 2018; Hamilton, Peden, et al., 2018; Hatfield et al., 2012). However, despite the value of individual studies, to date there is yet to be an empirical synthesis of the evidence regarding the social cognition predictors of unintentional drowning behaviours. The current research aims to provide such a synthesis, and to provide a more accurate estimate of the predictive effects of social cognition on unintentional drowning behaviours, while controlling for study specific effects and investigating pertinent methodological and theory-based moderators.

Drowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional death, accounting for 7% of injury related deaths worldwide (Franklin et al., 2020). Scholars have therefore sought to investigate the factors which precipitate unintentional drowning with the ultimate goal of creating evidence-based behaviour change strategies. One key avenue for such research is the investigation of the beliefs and cognitions which predict individuals’ intentions to engage in behaviours which exacerbate or reduce their risk of drowning. For example, by investigating the predictors of behaviours such as wearing a life jacket, drinking alcohol near water, or enrolling one’s child in formal swimming education (Hamilton, Keech, et al., 2018; Hamilton, Demant, et al., 2020; Hamilton, Keech, et al., 2020; Peden, Demant, et al., 2018; Peden, Smith, et al., 2018). The aforementioned evidence naturally has inherent value in understanding a range of behaviours, and has in turn been extended into the testing and creation of several theory based public health strategies and behaviour change interventions (Hamilton et al., 2022; Hamilton, Keech, et al., 2018; Hamilton, Peden, et al., 2018; Hatfield et al., 2012). However, despite the value of individual studies, to date there is yet to be an empirical synthesis of the evidence regarding the social cognition predictors of unintentional drowning behaviours. The current research aims to provide such a synthesis, and to provide a more accurate estimate of the predictive effects of social cognition on unintentional drowning behaviours, while controlling for study specific effects and investigating pertinent methodological and theory-based moderators.

The study tests the efficacy of social meta-cognitive training for enhancing social competence in 34 learning disabled (LD) and 35 non LD low achieving incarcerated delinquents. Ss were randomly assigned to treatment, attention control and test-only control groups. Overt social behavior measures were examined in a pretest-posttest control group design. Cognitive social problem solving measures were examined in a random assignment posttest only control group design. Training focused on impulse control, meta-cognitive awareness (methods for locating and labeling salient features of interpersonal problem situations) and meta-cognitive control skills (effectively using social meta awareness information to create adaptive solutions to perceived problems). Results revealed that significantly more LD and non-LD treatment Ss compared to attention and test-only control Ss, demonstrated improvement on number of institutional negative behavior reports recorded, phase level promotions earned, good days credited, and institutional ratings of progress toward treatment goals. LD and non LD treatment Ss also demonstrated learning of specifically trained metacognitive awareness skills. Both LD and non LD treatment Ss demonstrated some but not practical improvement in generating better quality solutions to novel hypothetical social problems. Meta self-assessment was not enhanced at a statistically significant level by training. Blind staff ratings found many more LD treatment Ss as inproved in behavior and somewhat more non LD treatment Ss improved compared to control Ss. (CL)

Classroom implementation of meta-cognition through exam correction cover letters in a lower division psychology research methods course. Mixed Methods (Qualitative & Quantitative), Mixed-Design (Longitudinal Intervention vs Control), Longitudinal SEM

This meta-analysis explores brain and cerebellum activation in emotional regulation and cognition by synthesizing previous literature and theories on brain-emotion interactions. It evaluates emotional brain-cerebellum activation findings from past studies, with a selection limited to 40 articles, providing a comprehensive review of key activation patterns across these domains.

An examination of the influence of external store reliance on recognition accuracy and metacognitive prediction accuracy.

This project utilizes meta-analytic techniques to examine the neural activation patterns associated with embodied cognition in second language processing. Analysis focuses on task-based fMRl studies, identifying consistently activated brain regions and investigating the moderating effects of semantic content, processing depth, language distance, and L2 proficiency.

This study aims to quantify the magnitude of deficits in social cognition (namely emotion perception and Theory of Mind) among patients with neurological and psychiatric conditions relative to healthy controls.

This study aims to quantify the magnitude of deficits in social cognition (namely emotion perception and Theory of Mind) among patients with neurological and psychiatric conditions relative to healthy controls.

This study aims to quantify the magnitude of deficits in social cognition (namely emotion perception and Theory of Mind) among patients with neurological and psychiatric conditions relative to healthy controls.

In the context of the current novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, researchers have applied social cognition models to identify the modifiable predictors of behaviors aimed at preventing the transmission of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, such as social distancing, hand washing, and use of facemasks and other personal protective equipment (PPE). Such research has value as it may identify potential targets for behavior interventions aimed at promoting participation in these preventive behaviors to minimize rates of infection. In addition, these behaviors are not only relevant to the prevention of the spread of COVID-19, but also to the prevention of other similar respiratory infections, such as the common cold and influenza. In the context of the pandemic, it is timely to investigate the extent to which social cognition models are effective in explaining variance in individuals’ participation in these preventive behaviors. In the present study, we aim to quantitatively synthesize relations between constructs derived from key social cognition theories and these preventive behaviors using meta-analysis. This research will provide government and policy makers, healthcare practitioners, and scientists and researchers with cumulative evidence of the constructs that are consistently related to these behaviors and assist in estimating the true variability of these relations once methodological artefacts (sampling error) have been corrected for. The extent of the variability may provide an indication of whether the relations are consistent across illnesses (e.g., influenza, common cold, COVID-19) or whether moderator variables exists. The research has value in that it will not only assist in informing intervention targets, but also demonstrate whether interventions targeting particular social cognition constructs will be effective regardless of the illness. This is particularly important in the midst of the current pandemic given the very real threat of a ‘second wave’ of COVID-19 infections and also the risks of parallel outbreaks of influenza and other common respiratory infections that may exacerbate the human and economic burden on healthcare provision. It may also inform future interventions to promote preventive behaviors in the event of future pandemics.

Pain can influence temporal cognition, but different studies present varying views, including underestimation, overestimation, or no effect on temporal cognition. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between pain and temporal cognition, as well as explore the moderating effects of various factors on this relationship.

Little research has assessed the role of student-initiated metacognition in the learning of mathematics. In this study, secondary school students (junior high school and high school) were asked to consider their own thinking in terms of how they learn and when they know that they know (the "aha" experience). Students were able to define and articulate some of their metacognitive processes and to illustrate three paths to knowledge. Knowledge was student-defined as the ability to use newly learned information in novel settings and to describe problem-solving strategies even if the student is unable to solve fully the problem at hand. Students suggested that memorization and conceptualization work symbiotically and the "aha" experience occurs when the learned material becomes a useable and internally explainable concept. (Contains 1 figure, 2 tables, and 13 references.) (SLD)

This is a pre-registration. Please see the attached document for details.

In the current economic climate, the rising cost of unprocessed and organic foods has led many families to turn to more affordable alternatives, particularly processed and ultra-processed foods (UPFs). In accordance with the NOVA classification, UPFs are industrial formulations primarily composed of substances extracted from foods (such as oils, fats, sugars, and starches), derived from food constituents (like hydrogenated fats or modified starches), or synthesized in laboratories (such as flavor enhancers, colorings, and emulsifiers), often containing little to no whole foods (Monteiro et al., 2018). These foods offer minimal nutritional value and have been suggested to impede cognitive development, particularly during the formative years of childhood and adolescence, when brain development is crucial. With the surge of research investigating the effects of UPFs on cognition in recent years, a quantitative synthesis is warranted to clarify the impact of UPF consumption on cognitive development in young people (children and adolescents). This systematic review and meta-analysis will address this need, exploring how UPF consumption might affect cognition, and identifying specific facets of cognitive development that may be disproportionately impacted.

Review evaluating association between cardiac arrhythmias and cognitive dysfunction

Background: Numerical cognition subsumes a wide range of tasks and underlying cognitive representations. The developmental approach on this domain mostly focuses on educational questions and changes up to young adulthood. However, lifespan research on cognition describes distinct patterns of decline, stability or improvement in at least some numerical domains. Therefore, the aim of the planned systematic review and meta-analysis is (1) to identify tasks and areas of numerical cognition showing improved, preserved, or impaired performance when comparing elderly and younger samples. (2) We aim at identifying moderators of development in numerical cognition such as inter-individual differences like global cognition, effects of cohort, gender, or education. (3) We want to find out when deficits occur in aging and whether the extent of impairment increases with age. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following PRISMA criteria. Electronic databases of published and unpublished studies will be searched for relevant articles with predefined search terms. Studies are eligible if they report comparisons of an elderly sample with a younger control group regarding an empirical measure of numerical and/ or arithmetic function. Furthermore, studies reporting performance in a standardized test of numerical cognition with available age-specific reference norms will be included. Experimental case-control designs and group studies will be included. Studies not allowing to assess an age effect, only reporting neuro-imaging data and reviews will be excluded. Original study quality will be assessed with the ROBINS-I tool. Depending on the resulting data structure, meta-analyses will be conducted with random effects models or two-level models with nested effect sizes. Subgroups analyses regarding age groups will be conducted using meta-regression. Discussion: Results of the current review cannot only be used to update existing reviews, but also to systematize numerical and arithmetic performance associated to effects of aging in the light of both neurocognitive theories of numerical cognition and lifespan development. It has the potential to estimate changes in numerical cognition across aging up to old age. However, our systematic review and meta-analysis relies on the quality of the original studies and the quality of available risk of bias assessments.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between reflective E-portfolio and metacognition skills from where it is possible to contribute to the exercise levels of reflective thinking through the E-portfolio ultimately leads to the development of metacognition skills. The study was applied on 29 Instructional Technology students at Tanta University. They create reflective E-portfolio in terms of integration between the stages of the design and production of E-portfolio and the levels of reflective thinking (description--feeling--evaluation--analysis--conclusion--action plan) simultaneously so that each step of steps to build E-portfolio would be synchronized with each level of the previous levels. After the completion of the work of open discussion sessions sequential students discussed in which the students accomplished Reflective E-portfolio design and levels of thinking file through the main axes of metacognition skills such as knowledge about knowledge and evaluation of the documented levels of reflective E-portfolio as well as knowledge management skills, good planning skills of thinking, was then applied metacognition skills scale (pre-post) of the discussions, came the result that there are clear differences in the students' grades for the benefit of the post-applied.

 META COGNITION gets funky in the non-physicality of Ohio.

This article is from International Journal of High Risk Behaviors & Addiction , volume 3 . Abstract Background:: Addiction for narcotics is a dangerous reality, especially in teenagers and young persons, and is one of the most important socioeconomic and health problems, threatens the human society and leads to social stagnancy in various aspects. Objectives:: The present study aimed at determining Meta-cognitive relationship with addiction potential tendency in students and determining the distribution of each Meta-cognitive dimension in predicting addiction potential tendency. Materials and Methods:: The descriptive-correlative method was used for conducting this research. The research target population included all students of Ardebil Mohaghegh University. A sample of 380 subjects was selected randomly from this demographic population by cluster multistage sampling. We used Weed and colleagues’ questionnaire of addiction to assess addiction potential tendency, and the Meta-cognitive scale of Wells and colleagues for evaluating Meta-cognition. Data gathered were analyzed by multifold Regression via simultaneous entrance method. Results:: The rate of students’ addiction potential tendency can be predicted by having characteristics of their Meta-cognition. It also appeared that among the five parameters of Meta-cognition, the role of three parameters required for controlling thoughts, uncontrollability and risk, and positive beliefs about anxiety were of great importance in predicting addiction potential tendency in students. Conclusions:: The results of this research have important implications regarding the attention of students’ counselors to Meta-cognitive dimensions in order to prevent students’ tendency for addiction.

This article is from BMC Public Health , volume 14 . Abstract Background: Cognitive impairment, including dementia, is a major health concern with the increasing aging population. Preventive measures to delay cognitive decline are of utmost importance. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, increasing in prevalence from 40% above 85 years of age. Methods: We systematically reviewed selected modifiable factors such as education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, caffeine, antioxidants, homocysteine (Hcy), n-3 fatty acids that were studied in relation to various cognitive health outcomes, including incident AD. We searched MEDLINE for published literature (January 1990 through October 2012), including cross-sectional and cohort studies (sample sizes > 300). Analyses compared study finding consistency across factors, study designs and study-level characteristics. Selecting studies of incident AD, our meta-analysis estimated pooled risk ratios (RR), population attributable risk percent (PAR%) and assessed publication bias. Results: In total, 247 studies were retrieved for systematic review. Consistency analysis for each risk factor suggested positive findings ranging from ~38.9% for caffeine to ~89% for physical activity. Education also had a significantly higher propensity for “a positive finding” compared to caffeine, smoking and antioxidant-related studies. Meta-analysis of 31 studies with incident AD yielded pooled RR for low education (RR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.30-3.04), high Hcy (RR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.50-2.49), and current/ever smoking status (RR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.23-1.52) while indicating protective effects of higher physical activity and n-3 fatty acids. Estimated PAR% were particularly high for physical activity (PAR% = 31.9; 95% CI: 22.7-41.2) and smoking (PAR%=31.09%; 95% CI: 17.9-44.3). Overall, no significant publication bias was found. Conclusions: Higher Hcy levels, lower educational attainment, and decreased physical activity were particularly strong predictors of incident AD. Further studies are needed to support other potential modifiable protective factors, such as caffeine.

Currently, there are a number of pharmaceuticals available that have potential to enhance cognitive functioning which will inevitably be considered for use in military operations for enhancement purposes. Some drugs such as modafinil and caffeine have already been tested for use in military operations and some drugs used for cognition enhancement are already included in Army policy in terms of their approved use. There is considerable research available on these drugs. However, military policy regarding use must be based on high-quality research studies. The goal of this study was to review the literature and conduct a meta-analysis to determine quality of the research available and to synthesize the current state of knowledge of these potentially cognition enhancing drugs. A meta-analysis of the 3 studies that met all inclusion criteria revealed a relatively weak pooled effect of modafinil on some aspects of cognitive performance in normal, rested adults. While the results of this study support the efficacy of modafinil, the main finding is the large literature gap evaluating the short and long term effects of these drugs in healthy adults.

One of the key arguments for problem-based learning as a holistic, learner centred pedagogical method rests on the premise it addresses multiple facets of learner development rather than decontextualised, content related learning outcomes. Fostering meta-cognitive ability in an attempt to develop self regulatory, autonomous learning habits is an important goal of PBL learning environments. Using a small pool of data from students' Learning Journal entries from an institution which implements PBL as the sole methodological framework, this article explores the nature, type and possible conclusions from a range of student responses within a specific context. The purpose of this seminal work is to demonstrate the faint but discernible patterns one can observe through such students' work which mark their respective positions in the spectrum of ability for self regulated, self directed learning.

The research which I did in the process of writing critical and speculative manuscripts on physics, logic, and mathematics during 1978-80 has forced me to adopt controversial views on the history of such knowledge as purportedly has technological ...

The aim of present research was examine of relationship between destruction meta-cognitive beliefs and academic achievement of students with test anxiety. For this purpose, 243 girls and boys subjects with test anxiety of 900 students of guidance schools of Noshar city were determined as the sample of study. For gathering the data, Meta-cognition Questionnaire and Test Anxiety Inventory were used. The grade point average were calculated for the student academic success. The results showed that destruction meta-cognitive beliefs is related to academic achievement in the students with test anxiety (r=0.21, P

This article is from Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , volume 7 . Abstract The right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) has been associated with two apparently disparate functional roles: in attention and in social cognition. According to one account, the rTPJ initiates a “circuit-breaking” signal that interrupts ongoing attentional processes, effectively reorienting attention. It is argued this primary function of the rTPJ has been extended beyond attention, through a process of evolutionarily cooption, to play a role in social cognition. We propose an alternative account, according to which the capacity for social cognition depends on a network which is both distinct from and in tension with brain areas involved in focused attention and target detection: the default mode network (DMN). Theory characterizing the rTPJ based on the area's purported role in reorienting may be falsely guided by the co-occurrence of two distinct effects in contiguous regions: activation of the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), associated with its functional role in target detection; and the transient release, during spatial reorienting, of suppression of the angular gyrus (AG) associated with focused attention. Findings based on meta-analysis and resting functional connectivity are presented which support this alternative account. We find distinct regions, possessing anti-correlated patterns of resting connectivity, associated with social reasoning (AG) and target detection (SMG) at the rTPJ. The locus for reorienting was spatially intermediate between the AG and SMG and showed a pattern of connectivity with similarities to social reasoning and target detection seeds. These findings highlight a general methodological concern for brain imaging. Given evidence that certain tasks not only activate some areas but also suppress activity in other areas, it is suggested that researchers need to distinguish two distinct putative mechanisms, either of which may produce an increase in activity in a brain area: functional engagement in the task vs. release of suppression.