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Light charged particles emitted at about 90 deg in the frame of the projectile-like fragment in semi-peripheral collisions of 93Nb+93Nb at 38A MeV give evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of two different production mechanisms. This is demonstrated by differences in the kinetic energy spectra and in the isotopic composition of the particles. The emission with a softer kinetic energy spectrum and a low N/Z ratio for the hydrogen isotopes is attributed to an evaporation process. The harder emission, with a much higher N/Z ratio, can be attributed to a ``midvelocity'' process consisting of a non-isotropic emission, on a short time-scale, from the surface of the projectile-like fragment.

Light charged particles emitted at about 90 deg in the frame of the projectile-like fragment in semi-peripheral collisions of 93Nb+93Nb at 38A MeV give evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of two different production mechanisms. This is demonstrated by differences in the kinetic energy spectra and in the isotopic composition of the particles. The emission with a softer kinetic energy spectrum and a low N/Z ratio for the hydrogen isotopes is attributed to an evaporation process. The harder emission, with a much higher N/Z ratio, can be attributed to a ``midvelocity'' process consisting of a non-isotropic emission, on a short time-scale, from the surface of the projectile-like fragment.

This work proposes a tentative model for the calculation of dimensionless distances between phonemes; sounds are described with binary distinctive features and distances show linear consistency in terms of such features. The model can be used as a scoring function for local and global pairwise alignment of phoneme sequences, and the distances can be used as prior probabilities for Bayesian analyses on the phylogenetic relationship between languages, particularly for cognate identification in cases where no empirical prior probability is available.

Book digitized by Google from the library of Oxford University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Book digitized by Google from the library of Oxford University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

ix, [2] p. 1 l., [15]-431 p. 20 cm

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

xviii pages, 19 unnumbered pages-753 pages : 23 cm

This article is from Molecular Cytogenetics , volume 6 . Abstract Background: Triplication is a rare chromosomal anomaly. We identified a de novo triplication of 11q12.3 in a patient with developmental delay, distinctive facial features, and others. In the present study, we discuss the mechanism of triplications that are not embedded within duplications and potential genes which may contribute to the phenotype. Results: The identified triplication of 11q12.3 was 557 kb long and not embedded within the duplicated regions. The aberrant region was overlapped with the segment reported to be duplicated in 2 other patients. The common phenotypic features in the present patient and the previously reported patient were brain developmental delay, finger abnormalities (including arachnodactuly, camptodactyly, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, and broad thumbs), and preauricular pits. Conclusions: Triplications that are not embedded within duplicated regions are rare and sometimes observed as the consequence of non-allelic homologous recombination. The de novo triplication identified in the present study is novel and not embedded within the duplicated region. In the 11q12.3 region, many copy number variations were observed in the database. This may be the trigger of this rare triplication. Because the shortest region of overlap contained 2 candidate genes, STX5 and CHRM1, which show some relevance to neuronal functions, we believe that the genomic copy number gains of these genes may be responsible for the neurological features seen in these patients.

The notion of distinctive features has had a firm position in phonology since the time of the Prague Linguistic Circle and especially that of one of its representatives, Roman Jakobson, whose well-known delimitation of a phoneme as “a bundle of distinctive features” (Jakobson, 1962, p. 421), that is, a set of simultaneous distinctive features, has inspired many scholars. Jakobson’s attempt “to analyse the distribution of distinctive features along two axes: that of simultaneity and that of successiveness” (ibid., p. 435) helped cover several phonetic and/or phonological processes and phenomena. Distinctive features, although theoretical constructs (Giegerich, 1992, p. 89), reflect phonetic, that is, articulatory and acoustic, properties of sounds. In the flow of speech, some features tend to influence the neighbouring phonemes. Sometimes speech organs produce something that the brain just ‘plans’ to produce (anticipatory speech errors). There are situations where it seems as if the successive organization of phonemes went hand in hand with the simultaneous nature of certain articulatory characteristics of those phonemes (the transgression of consonants and inherence of vowels in Romportl’s theory), or the given feature seems to be anticipated by the preceding segment. This is the case with nasalization and/or anticipatory coarticulation, as well as regressive (anticipatory) assimilation. In addition, simultaneity/consecutivity is a decisive criterion for the difference between the so-called complex segments, as specified in Feature Geometry, and simple segments (Duanmu, 2009). Moreover, the phonological opposition of simultaneity- successivity (that is, consecutivity) itself functions as a feature making a difference between segmental and suprasegmental elements in the sound system of a language, as was first mentioned by Harris (1944), later indicated by Jakobson (1962) and then fully developed by Sabol (2007, 2012).

This article explores the unique aspects involved in preparing actors for the singing theater. With a focus on vocal training, characterization, and stage presence, it delves into the methods employed to enhance the skills of performers in this specialized genre. The article also analyzes existing literature on the subject, presenting findings that shed light on the distinctive features of actor preparation in the realm of singing theater.

This article explores the unique aspects involved in preparing actors for the singing theater. With a focus on vocal training, characterization, and stage presence, it delves into the methods employed to enhance the skills of performers in this specialized genre. The article also analyzes existing literature on the subject, presenting findings that shed light on the distinctive features of actor preparation in the realm of singing theater.

This article is from BMC Cancer , volume 11 . Abstract Background: The mucosae of the oral cavity are different at the histological level but appear all equally exposed to common genotoxic agents. As a result of this exposure, changes in the mucosal epithelia may develop giving rise to Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (OPMLs), which with time may in turn progress to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). Therefore, much effort should be devoted to identify features able to predict the likeliness of progression associated with an OPML. Such features may be helpful in assisting the clinician to establish both appropriate therapies and follow-up schedules. Here, we report a pilot study that compared the occurrence of DNA aneuploidy and chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs) in the OPMLs from different oral anatomical subsites. Methods: Samples from histologically diagnosed OPMLs were processed for high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) in order to determine the relative DNA content expressed by the DNA index (DI). Additionally, array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH) analysis was performed on DNA obtained from diploid nuclei suspensions directly. When aneuploid nuclei were detected, these were physically separated from diploid nuclei on the base of their DI values by means of a DNA-FCM-Sorter in order to improve the a-CGH analysis. Results: Tongue OPMLs were more frequently associated with DNA aneuploidy and CNAs than OPMLs arising from all the other mucosal subsites. Conclusions: We suggest that the follow-up and the management of the patients with tongue OPMLs should receive a distinctive special attention. Clearly, this hypothesis should be validated in a prospective clinical study.

A Speech Delivered by Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad Supreme Head of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam at the University of Canberra, Australia.

A Speech Delivered by Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad Supreme Head of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam at the University of Canberra, Australia.

A Speech Delivered by Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad Supreme Head of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam at the University of Canberra, Australia.

xviii, 856 pages : 23 cm

7 p. ; 13 cm

7 p. ; 13 cm

This article delves into the distinctive features of theatrical art, exploring its unique elements that captivate audiences and define the essence of live performances. Through a comprehensive literature analysis, various methods employed in theatrical productions are examined, leading to the presentation of results that highlight the significance of these features. The discussion section delves into the implications of these findings, drawing conclusions and offering suggestions for the continued evolution of theatrical art.

The research paper presents an analysis of the interrelation between the lateral organisation profiles' indicators and self-regulation features. The existence of significant distinctions in the processes of self-regulation among respondents with different variants of lateral profiles of the interhemispheric asymmetry is proved, as well as the common features of these processes that are peculiar to the individuals having identical options of the lateral profiles are specified too. The combination of general psychological and differential psychological approaches made it possible to establish multilevel connections between the functional asymmetry peculiarities and behavioural and personality self-regulation characteristics being put into practice within the action system aimed at arranging temporal and living space of a person. It is revealed that there is a logic connection between the characteristics of the self-regulation processes and the profiles of lateral organisation, conditioned by the interaction of the interhemispheric asymmetry's native traits within the motor activity organisation having the experience gained during a person's lifetime. The lateral organisation profiles with a more complex interrelation between sensory and motor systems are connected with the formation of personality and activity characteristics of voluntary activity's self-regulation, acquired within the processes of education, upbringing and other forms of socialization. The research results can be used in vocational guidance campaigns, and for academic activity optimization. They can also be applied while implementing principles of differential education, as well as at the classes of mastering the self-regulation system.belgorod

The research paper presents an analysis of the interrelation between the lateral organisation profiles' indicators and self-regulation features. The existence of significant distinctions in the processes of self-regulation among respondents with different variants of lateral profiles of the interhemispheric asymmetry is proved, as well as the common features of these processes that are peculiar to the individuals having identical options of the lateral profiles are specified too. The combination of general psychological and differential psychological approaches made it possible to establish multilevel connections between the functional asymmetry peculiarities and behavioural and personality self-regulation characteristics being put into practice within the action system aimed at arranging temporal and living space of a person. It is revealed that there is a logic connection between the characteristics of the self-regulation processes and the profiles of lateral organisation, conditioned by the interaction of the interhemispheric asymmetry's native traits within the motor activity organisation having the experience gained during a person's lifetime. The lateral organisation profiles with a more complex interrelation between sensory and motor systems are connected with the formation of personality and activity characteristics of voluntary activity's self-regulation, acquired within the processes of education, upbringing and other forms of socialization. The research results can be used in vocational guidance campaigns, and for academic activity optimization. They can also be applied while implementing principles of differential education, as well as at the classes of mastering the self-regulation system.belgorod

A 1970 Soviet work. Scanned by Narodniy Komissar.

A 1970 Soviet work. Scanned by Narodniy Komissar.

This article examines the procedures for auditing the financial statements of insurance companies, the requirements and rules of the audit of financial statements, as well as the procedure for formalizing audit conclusion and reports.

This article examines the procedures for auditing the financial statements of insurance companies, the requirements and rules of the audit of financial statements, as well as the procedure for formalizing audit conclusion and reports.

This article examines the procedures for auditing the financial statements of insurance companies, the requirements and rules of the audit of financial statements, as well as the procedure for formalizing audit conclusion and reports.

Book digitized by Google from the library of the New York Public Library and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Book digitized by Google from the library of the New York Public Library and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Book digitized by Google from the library of the New York Public Library and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

The unique characteristics of English as utilized by senior high school students in their Facebook posts were investigated in this study. The study used a corpus-based methodology, gathering and examining senior high school students' Facebook posts to identify emerging and common graphological features in terms of lexical and grammatical features. The lexical feature analysis of the dataset, which consists of 1,129 lexical items (390 nouns, 380 verbs, 174 adverbs, and 185 adjectives), shows a rich and balanced use of word classes that promote textual complexity and meaning creation. Adjectives and adverbs serve descriptive and modifying functions that enhance expressivity and specificity, while nouns and verbs dominate the lexical inventory due to their essential function in conveying concepts and actions. The examination of grammatical features, including 271 prepositions, 371 pronouns, 208 auxiliary verbs, 119 articles, and 142 conjunctions, amounting to 1,057 instances, revealed significant patterns that align with recent studies on English grammar usage and learner language. Pronouns, the most prevalent category, underscore their vital function in ensuring textual cohesion and referential clarity by substituting for nouns and avoiding repetition. Meanwhile, the notable frequency of prepositions and conjunctions reflects the intricate nature of syntactic relationships and the essential role these elements play in expressing spatial, temporal, and logical links between ideas, which are fundamental for creating grammatically sound and coherent texts. Findings revealed that the graphological substances in the Facebook posts of students include non-standard spelling by altering the conventional spelling of words, incorporating emojis, clippings and shortening of words, capitalization, using capitalization for emphasis, deviating from standard punctuation rules, blending of languages, omitted letters, and the use of lowercase instead of uppercase letters. The implications for English language teaching and learning in the Philippines, drawn from recent studies, span multiple dimensions including language teaching, learners, teachers, social media use, and the Filipino community as second language users.

Distinctive features in the sub-dynamics of an interacting bipartite system are explored. The sub-dynamic Heisenberg operators are introduced in a novel way leading to the quasi-particle-like concept in the respective subsystems. This formulation is illustrated using the known exact solutions of the generic (Jaynes - Cummings) model of interacting bipartite system of a spin 1/2 particle and a single mode electromagnetic field (more generally, boson field). The striking effects of interaction and entanglement are reflected in the dressing of the non-interacting number and spin representations, displaying quasi-particle-like properties. This development may be at the heart of the physics of back - action discussed in the recent literature.

Appearance Change Instructions (ACI) are a component of the instructions given to witnesses before they are shown a photographic lineup or a live line-up. ACI serves as a reminder to the eyewitness that the culprit may not appear in the line-up exactly as he or she did at the time of the crime. Since the ACI was introduced by the Department of Justice in 1999 (Technical Working Group, 1999), few studies have examined its effectiveness and none have reported an increase in accurate identifications (hits; the probability of accurately identifying an old face from a target present lineup) as a result of ACI (Porter et al., 2014; Molinaro et al., 2013; Charman & Wells 2006). In fact, all the ACI studies reported adverse effects of ACI with ACI instructions resulting in increased misidentifications (false alarms). Additionally, the same studies have also indicated that people who receive lineup instructions with ACI tend to be overconfident about their identifications. There are two possible accounts for the increased false alarms with ACI instructions. First, none of the ACI studies reflect actual appearance changes in the photographs in the lineups. If the ACI is to help witnesses overcome potential changes in appearance during the identification process, an absence of any apparent changes in appearance could be leading, masking any potential benefits of the ACI. This phenomenon is reflected in the increase in false alarms with ACI administration compared to no ACI administrations (Porter et al., 2014; Molinaro et al., 2013; Charman & Wells 2006). Second, some ACIs are very extensive, possibly suggestive of an exaggerated change in appearance that again, is not apparent to the eyewitness. Further, some ACI instructions focus on very specific facial characteristics that do not change like eyes, nose, ears, and mouth (e.g., Porter et al, 2014) which encourage specific and not holistic processing of faces. However, research predominantly suggests that facial processing is holistic, and not feature specific. The present study addresses the two aforementioned limitations in previous literature by (1) assessing the effectiveness of ACIs for suspects with distinctive features and (2) utilizing both brief and extensive versions of ACI. The use of suspects with distinctive features presents witnesses with a noticeable change in the appearance of the suspect between the crime and the line-up photos in cases where the distinctive feature is concealed in the lineup, compared to cases where the distinctive feature is replicated on other members in the lineup. Further, distinctive features can be divided into two subsets based on the probability of change between the crime and the line-up photos: distinctive features that are more likely to change in the short-term, such as bruises, piercings, and facial hair, and those that are unlikely to change in the short-term, such as tattoos, scars, and moles. The use of extensive and brief versions of ACI allows for an assessment of whether extensive ACIs are more suggestive of an exaggerated change in appearance leading to an increase in false alarms. To effectively assess these variables, this study involves two experiments. Experiment 1 includes faces with distinctive features that are likely to change over time and Experiment 2 includes faces with distinctive features that are unlikely to change over time. In both experiments, participants will receive either the brief ACI, extensive ACI or no ACI lineup instructions. All participants will be presented with 4 lineups, one for each distinctive feature (Exp 1: bruise, piercing, and facial hair; Exp 2: scar, tattoo, and mole) and one for a face with no distinctive features. Participants will also be asked to provide confidence ratings for their identification.

This article is from Marine Drugs , volume 12 . Abstract Lipid A is the essential component of endotoxin (Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide), a potent immunostimulatory compound. As the outer surface of the outer membrane, the details of lipid A structure are crucial not only to bacterial pathogenesis but also to membrane integrity. This work characterizes the structure of lipid A in two psychrophiles, Psychromonas marina and Psychrobacter cryohalolentis, and also two mesophiles to which they are related using MALDI-TOF MS and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) GC-MS. P. marina lipid A is strikingly similar to that of Escherichia coli in organization and total acyl size, but incorporates an unusual doubly unsaturated tetradecadienoyl acyl residue. P. cryohalolentis also shows structural organization similar to a closely related mesophile, Acinetobacter baumannii, however it has generally shorter acyl constituents and shows many acyl variants differing by single methylene (-CH2-) units, a characteristic it shares with the one previously reported psychrotolerant lipid A structure. This work is the first detailed structural characterization of lipid A from an obligate psychrophile and the second from a psychrotolerant species. It reveals distinctive structural features of psychrophilic lipid A in comparison to that of related mesophiles which suggest constitutive adaptations to maintain outer membrane fluidity in cold environments.

This article is from Marine Drugs , volume 12 . Abstract Lipid A is the essential component of endotoxin (Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide), a potent immunostimulatory compound. As the outer surface of the outer membrane, the details of lipid A structure are crucial not only to bacterial pathogenesis but also to membrane integrity. This work characterizes the structure of lipid A in two psychrophiles, Psychromonas marina and Psychrobacter cryohalolentis, and also two mesophiles to which they are related using MALDI-TOF MS and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) GC-MS. P. marina lipid A is strikingly similar to that of Escherichia coli in organization and total acyl size, but incorporates an unusual doubly unsaturated tetradecadienoyl acyl residue. P. cryohalolentis also shows structural organization similar to a closely related mesophile, Acinetobacter baumannii, however it has generally shorter acyl constituents and shows many acyl variants differing by single methylene (-CH2-) units, a characteristic it shares with the one previously reported psychrotolerant lipid A structure. This work is the first detailed structural characterization of lipid A from an obligate psychrophile and the second from a psychrotolerant species. It reveals distinctive structural features of psychrophilic lipid A in comparison to that of related mesophiles which suggest constitutive adaptations to maintain outer membrane fluidity in cold environments.

This paper attempts to expound that China English boasting its own distinctive features on the levels of phonology, words, sentences and discourse has been playing an irreplaceable role in intercultural activities, though still in its infancy and in the process of developing and perfecting itself, and it now makes every effort to move towards international self-assurance and gain its recognition in the English family.

FIRST AND SECOND GRADERS, GIVEN "CVC" SINGULAR NONSENSE WORDS (E.G., NAR) ORALLY AND ASKED TO CHOOSE BETWEEN TWO PLURALS (NARF-NARK), PREFERRED FINAL SOUNDS SHARING WITH /Z/ (THE MOST COMMON SHAPE OF THE PLURAL MORPHEME IN ENGLISH) THE STRIDENCY OR CONTINUANCE FEATURES. THIS SUGGESTS THAT THEIR PLURALIZATION RULES ARE FORMULATED IN TERMS OF DISTINCTIVE FEATURES RATHER THAN SOUND SEGMENTS. KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN AND ADULTS SHOWED NO SUCH PREFERENCES. THE SUBSTANCE OF THIS PAPER WAS GIVEN BY CO-AUTHOR JUDITH BARLOW AT THE ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE EASTERN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION HELD IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, APRIL 6-8, 1967 AND BY MOSHE ANISFELD AT A PROJECT LITERACY CONFERENCE HELD IN CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, MAY 25-26, 1967. (SEE RELATED DOCUMENT AL 001 095.) (AUTHOR/DO)

FIRST AND SECOND GRADERS, GIVEN "CVC" SINGULAR NONSENSE WORDS (E.G., NAR) ORALLY AND ASKED TO CHOOSE BETWEEN TWO PLURALS (NARF-NARK), PREFERRED FINAL SOUNDS SHARING WITH /Z/ (THE MOST COMMON SHAPE OF THE PLURAL MORPHEME IN ENGLISH) THE STRIDENCY OR CONTINUANCE FEATURES. THIS SUGGESTS THAT THEIR PLURALIZATION RULES ARE FORMULATED IN TERMS OF DISTINCTIVE FEATURES RATHER THAN SOUND SEGMENTS. KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN AND ADULTS SHOWED NO SUCH PREFERENCES. THE SUBSTANCE OF THIS PAPER WAS GIVEN BY CO-AUTHOR JUDITH BARLOW AT THE ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE EASTERN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION HELD IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, APRIL 6-8, 1967 AND BY MOSHE ANISFELD AT A PROJECT LITERACY CONFERENCE HELD IN CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, MAY 25-26, 1967. (SEE RELATED DOCUMENT AL 001 095.) (AUTHOR/DO)

FIRST AND SECOND GRADERS, GIVEN "CVC" SINGULAR NONSENSE WORDS (E.G., NAR) ORALLY AND ASKED TO CHOOSE BETWEEN TWO PLURALS (NARF-NARK), PREFERRED FINAL SOUNDS SHARING WITH /Z/ (THE MOST COMMON SHAPE OF THE PLURAL MORPHEME IN ENGLISH) THE STRIDENCY OR CONTINUANCE FEATURES. THIS SUGGESTS THAT THEIR PLURALIZATION RULES ARE FORMULATED IN TERMS OF DISTINCTIVE FEATURES RATHER THAN SOUND SEGMENTS. KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN AND ADULTS SHOWED NO SUCH PREFERENCES. THE SUBSTANCE OF THIS PAPER WAS GIVEN BY CO-AUTHOR JUDITH BARLOW AT THE ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE EASTERN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION HELD IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, APRIL 6-8, 1967 AND BY MOSHE ANISFELD AT A PROJECT LITERACY CONFERENCE HELD IN CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, MAY 25-26, 1967. (SEE RELATED DOCUMENT AL 001 095.) (AUTHOR/DO)

FIRST AND SECOND GRADERS, GIVEN "CVC" SINGULAR NONSENSE WORDS (E.G., NAR) ORALLY AND ASKED TO CHOOSE BETWEEN TWO PLURALS (NARF-NARK), PREFERRED FINAL SOUNDS SHARING WITH /Z/ (THE MOST COMMON SHAPE OF THE PLURAL MORPHEME IN ENGLISH) THE STRIDENCY OR CONTINUANCE FEATURES. THIS SUGGESTS THAT THEIR PLURALIZATION RULES ARE FORMULATED IN TERMS OF DISTINCTIVE FEATURES RATHER THAN SOUND SEGMENTS. KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN AND ADULTS SHOWED NO SUCH PREFERENCES. THE SUBSTANCE OF THIS PAPER WAS GIVEN BY CO-AUTHOR JUDITH BARLOW AT THE ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE EASTERN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION HELD IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, APRIL 6-8, 1967 AND BY MOSHE ANISFELD AT A PROJECT LITERACY CONFERENCE HELD IN CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, MAY 25-26, 1967. (SEE RELATED DOCUMENT AL 001 095.) (AUTHOR/DO)

This paper highlights distinctive features of the "SP theory of intelligence" and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. Distinctive features and advantages are: simplification and integration of observations and concepts; simplification and integration of structures and processes in computing systems; the theory is itself a theory of computing; it can be the basis for new architectures for computers; information compression via the matching and unification of patterns and, more specifically, via multiple alignment, is fundamental; transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge; the discovery of 'natural' structures via information compression (DONSVIC); interpretations of mathematics; interpretations in human perception and cognition; and realisation of abstract concepts in terms of neurons and their inter-connections ("SP-neural"). These things relate to AI-related alternatives: minimum length encoding and related concepts; deep learning in neural networks; unified theories of cognition and related research; universal search; Bayesian networks and more; pattern recognition and vision; the analysis, production, and translation of natural language; Unsupervised learning of natural language; exact and inexact forms of reasoning; representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge; IBM's Watson; software engineering; solving problems associated with big data, and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots. In conclusion, the SP system can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI, with many potential benefits and applications. It may also deliver useful results on relatively short timescales. A high-parallel, open-source version of the SP machine, derived from the SP computer model, would be a means for researchers everywhere to explore what can be done with the system, and to create new versions of it.

This paper highlights distinctive features of the "SP theory of intelligence" and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. Distinctive features and advantages are: simplification and integration of observations and concepts; simplification and integration of structures and processes in computing systems; the theory is itself a theory of computing; it can be the basis for new architectures for computers; information compression via the matching and unification of patterns and, more specifically, via multiple alignment, is fundamental; transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge; the discovery of 'natural' structures via information compression (DONSVIC); interpretations of mathematics; interpretations in human perception and cognition; and realisation of abstract concepts in terms of neurons and their inter-connections ("SP-neural"). These things relate to AI-related alternatives: minimum length encoding and related concepts; deep learning in neural networks; unified theories of cognition and related research; universal search; Bayesian networks and more; pattern recognition and vision; the analysis, production, and translation of natural language; Unsupervised learning of natural language; exact and inexact forms of reasoning; representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge; IBM's Watson; software engineering; solving problems associated with big data, and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots. In conclusion, the SP system can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI, with many potential benefits and applications. It may also deliver useful results on relatively short timescales. A high-parallel, open-source version of the SP machine, derived from the SP computer model, would be a means for researchers everywhere to explore what can be done with the system, and to create new versions of it.

This paper highlights distinctive features of the "SP theory of intelligence" and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. Distinctive features and advantages are: simplification and integration of observations and concepts; simplification and integration of structures and processes in computing systems; the theory is itself a theory of computing; it can be the basis for new architectures for computers; information compression via the matching and unification of patterns and, more specifically, via multiple alignment, is fundamental; transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge; the discovery of 'natural' structures via information compression (DONSVIC); interpretations of mathematics; interpretations in human perception and cognition; and realisation of abstract concepts in terms of neurons and their inter-connections ("SP-neural"). These things relate to AI-related alternatives: minimum length encoding and related concepts; deep learning in neural networks; unified theories of cognition and related research; universal search; Bayesian networks and more; pattern recognition and vision; the analysis, production, and translation of natural language; Unsupervised learning of natural language; exact and inexact forms of reasoning; representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge; IBM's Watson; software engineering; solving problems associated with big data, and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots. In conclusion, the SP system can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI, with many potential benefits and applications. It may also deliver useful results on relatively short timescales. A high-parallel, open-source version of the SP machine, derived from the SP computer model, would be a means for researchers everywhere to explore what can be done with the system, and to create new versions of it.

This paper highlights distinctive features of the "SP theory of intelligence" and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. Distinctive features and advantages are: simplification and integration of observations and concepts; simplification and integration of structures and processes in computing systems; the theory is itself a theory of computing; it can be the basis for new architectures for computers; information compression via the matching and unification of patterns and, more specifically, via multiple alignment, is fundamental; transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge; the discovery of 'natural' structures via information compression (DONSVIC); interpretations of mathematics; interpretations in human perception and cognition; and realisation of abstract concepts in terms of neurons and their inter-connections ("SP-neural"). These things relate to AI-related alternatives: minimum length encoding and related concepts; deep learning in neural networks; unified theories of cognition and related research; universal search; Bayesian networks and more; pattern recognition and vision; the analysis, production, and translation of natural language; Unsupervised learning of natural language; exact and inexact forms of reasoning; representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge; IBM's Watson; software engineering; solving problems associated with big data, and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots. In conclusion, the SP system can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI, with many potential benefits and applications. It may also deliver useful results on relatively short timescales. A high-parallel, open-source version of the SP machine, derived from the SP computer model, would be a means for researchers everywhere to explore what can be done with the system, and to create new versions of it.

This paper highlights distinctive features of the "SP theory of intelligence" and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. Distinctive features and advantages are: simplification and integration of observations and concepts; simplification and integration of structures and processes in computing systems; the theory is itself a theory of computing; it can be the basis for new architectures for computers; information compression via the matching and unification of patterns and, more specifically, via multiple alignment, is fundamental; transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge; the discovery of 'natural' structures via information compression (DONSVIC); interpretations of mathematics; interpretations in human perception and cognition; and realisation of abstract concepts in terms of neurons and their inter-connections ("SP-neural"). These things relate to AI-related alternatives: minimum length encoding and related concepts; deep learning in neural networks; unified theories of cognition and related research; universal search; Bayesian networks and more; pattern recognition and vision; the analysis, production, and translation of natural language; Unsupervised learning of natural language; exact and inexact forms of reasoning; representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge; IBM's Watson; software engineering; solving problems associated with big data, and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots. In conclusion, the SP system can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI, with many potential benefits and applications. It may also deliver useful results on relatively short timescales. A high-parallel, open-source version of the SP machine, derived from the SP computer model, would be a means for researchers everywhere to explore what can be done with the system, and to create new versions of it.

This paper highlights distinctive features of the "SP theory of intelligence" and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. Distinctive features and advantages are: simplification and integration of observations and concepts; simplification and integration of structures and processes in computing systems; the theory is itself a theory of computing; it can be the basis for new architectures for computers; information compression via the matching and unification of patterns and, more specifically, via multiple alignment, is fundamental; transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge; the discovery of 'natural' structures via information compression (DONSVIC); interpretations of mathematics; interpretations in human perception and cognition; and realisation of abstract concepts in terms of neurons and their inter-connections ("SP-neural"). These things relate to AI-related alternatives: minimum length encoding and related concepts; deep learning in neural networks; unified theories of cognition and related research; universal search; Bayesian networks and more; pattern recognition and vision; the analysis, production, and translation of natural language; Unsupervised learning of natural language; exact and inexact forms of reasoning; representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge; IBM's Watson; software engineering; solving problems associated with big data, and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots. In conclusion, the SP system can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI, with many potential benefits and applications. It may also deliver useful results on relatively short timescales. A high-parallel, open-source version of the SP machine, derived from the SP computer model, would be a means for researchers everywhere to explore what can be done with the system, and to create new versions of it.

This paper highlights distinctive features of the "SP theory of intelligence" and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. Distinctive features and advantages are: simplification and integration of observations and concepts; simplification and integration of structures and processes in computing systems; the theory is itself a theory of computing; it can be the basis for new architectures for computers; information compression via the matching and unification of patterns and, more specifically, via multiple alignment, is fundamental; transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge; the discovery of 'natural' structures via information compression (DONSVIC); interpretations of mathematics; interpretations in human perception and cognition; and realisation of abstract concepts in terms of neurons and their inter-connections ("SP-neural"). These things relate to AI-related alternatives: minimum length encoding and related concepts; deep learning in neural networks; unified theories of cognition and related research; universal search; Bayesian networks and more; pattern recognition and vision; the analysis, production, and translation of natural language; Unsupervised learning of natural language; exact and inexact forms of reasoning; representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge; IBM's Watson; software engineering; solving problems associated with big data, and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots. In conclusion, the SP system can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI, with many potential benefits and applications. It may also deliver useful results on relatively short timescales. A high-parallel, open-source version of the SP machine, derived from the SP computer model, would be a means for researchers everywhere to explore what can be done with the system, and to create new versions of it.