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This report provides an overview of the Life Cycle Cost Impact Modeling System (LCCIM). The LCCIM can be used to assess the impact of weapon system characteristics on system support resource requirements and life cycle cost (LCC). It was developed to enhance present Air Force capability to conduct trade-offs between competing design, manpower, and logistics alternatives early in the weapon systems acquisition process. This report also contains a general description of the initial application of the LCCIM: an analysis of the potential impacts of the Digital Avionics Information System (DAIS) concept of avionics integration on LCC and system support personnel requirements. References are provided for other related reports which: describe that application, document the development of LCCIM components, and provide user's guide information and comptuer program listings.

This technical report provides guidance to the users of the Reliability, Maintainability, and Cost Model (RMCM). This report contains all information needed for users to interact with the RMCM computer program from a computer terminal. The RMCM and the Training Requirements Analysis Model (TRAMOD) described in AFHRL-TR-78-58(II) are the two computer programs that are part of the Life Cycle Cost Impact MODEL (LCCIM) modeling system. The LCCIM can be used to assess the impact of weapon system characteristics on human resource requirements and life cycle cost. It was developed to provide the Air Force with a better in-house capability to conduct trade-offs between competing design, manpower, and logistics alternatives. The initial application of LCCIM was directed at determining potential impacts of the Digital Avionics Information System (DAIS) concept on system support personnel requirements and life cycle cost. The modeling system is, however, applicable in the development of any new weapon system or the modification of an existing weapon system. The RMCM serves as a powerful tool within the LCCIM for conducting resource requirements, costing, and trade-off analyses. User-oriented, it accepts input data at varying levels of detail during all phases of the weapon system acquisition process. Also, the speed of the interactive RMCM computer program will encourage more trade-off analyses early in the design process, where cost avoidance actions are most effective. The RMCM data processing takes into account the interaction between support requirements and cost parameters.

The notion of a digital twin, which acts as a simulated counterpart to real-world systems, is revolutionizing secure system design within the automotive sector. As contemporary vehicles become more dependent on interconnected electronic systems, the likelihood of cyber threats is escalating. This comprehensive literature review seeks to analyze existing research on threat modeling and security testing in automotive digital twins, aiming to pinpoint emerging patterns, evaluate current approaches, and identify future research avenues. This review addresses three principal research queries: (1) How can threats to automotive digital twins be identified and evaluated? (2) What methodologies are currently employed for threat modeling regarding vehicle digital twins? and (3) What are the most effective techniques for validating threat models and examining attacks? Utilizing a thorough screening process aligned with the PRISMA framework, 23 highly pertinent studies have been chosen from an initial set of 882 publications, assessing contemporary threat modeling methodologies, validation practices, and security testing strategies for automotive digital twins.The findings expose significant deficiencies in the strength and validation of threat models, highlighting the necessity for innovative security measures.This paper offers foundational perspectives on the protection of digital twin technologies, stressing the significance of more sophisticated threat modeling and validation methods that guarantee the safety and security of connected automobiles.

The extensive use of digital controllers demands a growing effort to prevent design errors that appear due to finite-word length (FWL) effects. However, there is still a gap, regarding verification tools and methodologies to check implementation aspects of control systems. Thus, the present paper describes an approach, which employs bounded model checking (BMC) techniques, to verify fixed-point digital controllers represented by state-space equations. The experimental results demonstrate the sensitivity of such systems to FWL effects and the effectiveness of the proposed approach to detect them. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first contribution tackling formal verification through BMC of fixed-point state-space digital controllers.

This thesis discusses VHDL modeling and simulation of a full custom Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for a Digital Image Synthesizer (DIS). The DIS synthesizes the characteristic echo signature of a pre-selected target. It is mainly used against Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radars as an electronic counter measure. The VHDL description of the DIS architecture was exported from Tanner S-Edit, modified, and simulated in Aldec Active HDL(TM), Simulation results were compared with C++ and Matlab simulation results for verification. Main subcomponents, a single Range Bin Processor (RBP), a cascade of 4 RBP 5 and a cascade of 16 RBP 5 were tested and verified. The overhead control circuitry, including Self Test Circuitry and Phase Extractor, was tested separately. Finally, the overall DIS was tested and verified using the control circuitry and a cascade of 4 RBP 5 together, representing the actual 512 RBP 5. As a result of this research, the majority of the DIS was functionally tested and verified.

This thesis discusses VHDL modeling and simulation of a full custom Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for a Digital Image Synthesizer (DIS). The DIS synthesizes the characteristic echo signature of a pre-selected target. It is mainly used against Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radars as an electronic counter measure. The VHDL description of the DIS architecture was exported from Tanner S-Edit, modified, and simulated in Aldec Active HDL(TM), Simulation results were compared with C++ and Matlab simulation results for verification. Main subcomponents, a single Range Bin Processor (RBP), a cascade of 4 RBP 5 and a cascade of 16 RBP 5 were tested and verified. The overhead control circuitry, including Self Test Circuitry and Phase Extractor, was tested separately. Finally, the overall DIS was tested and verified using the control circuitry and a cascade of 4 RBP 5 together, representing the actual 512 RBP 5. As a result of this research, the majority of the DIS was functionally tested and verified.

Because soil erosion and deposition have negative repercussions on military preparedness and the environment, the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) has funded efforts to develop geographic information system (GIS) tools and methods to enhance the accuracy, spatial prediction, and visual representation of erosion and deposition on military lands. During Fiscal Year 1997, the CASC2D model was modified to include an upland erosion algorithm. The modified model produced accurate runoff hydrographs, but fell short in predicting sediment discharge. Part of the inaccuracy is attributable to channel erosion not taken into account by the current CASC2D model. The Unit Stream Power Erosion and Deposition (USPED) model was enhanced to include tangential curvature. The modification greatly improves the accuracy of erosion and deposition predictions in areas of convergent slopes. The process-based SIMulated Water Erosion (SIMWE) model was used to investigate the effects of rainfall excess, surface roughness, critical shear stress, detachment capacity, and transport capacity on erosion and deposition. Results of initial investigations conducted to determine if the SIMWE model could be used to predict the consequences of common erosion and sediment control practices were promising. Various GIS tools were developed to help in processing and visualization of distributed data.

The potential of using LANDSAT satellite imagery to map and inventory pinyon-juniper desert forest types in Douglas and Carson City Counties, Nevada was demonstrated. Specific map and statistical products produced include land cover, mechanical operations capability, big game winter range habitat, fire hazard, and forest harvestability. The Nevada Division of Forestry determined that LANDSAT can produce a reliable and low-cost resource data. Added benefits become apparent when the data are linked to a geographical information system (GIS) containing existing ownership, planning, elevation, slope, and aspect information.

In this paper, we present an analytical approach in obtaining the probability density function (pdf) of the random decision variable Y, formed at the output of power-cubic all-optical nonlinear preprocessor followed by the photodetector. Our approach can be used to accurately evaluate the performance of ultrafast pulse detection in the presence of Gaussian noise. Through rigorous Monte-Carlo simulation, the accuracy of widely used Gaussian approximation of decision variable Y is refuted. However, in this paper we show that the so called Log-Pearson type-3 probability density function (LP3 pdf) is an excellent representation for the decision variable Y . Three distinguishable parameters of the LP3 pdf are obtained through analytical derivation of three moments of the decision variable Y . Furthermore, toward a more realistic model, in addition to ASE Gaussian noise, the effects of shot and thermal noises are also included. Finally, using the presented analytical approach, it is shown that power-cubic preprocessor outperforms its quadratic counterparts, i.e., Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Two Photon Absorption (TPA) devices, in high power regime where shot and thermal noises can be neglected.

In this paper, we present an analytical approach in obtaining the probability density function (pdf) of the random decision variable Y, formed at the output of power-cubic all-optical nonlinear preprocessor followed by the photodetector. Our approach can be used to accurately evaluate the performance of ultrafast pulse detection in the presence of Gaussian noise. Through rigorous Monte-Carlo simulation, the accuracy of widely used Gaussian approximation of decision variable Y is refuted. However, in this paper we show that the so called Log-Pearson type-3 probability density function (LP3 pdf) is an excellent representation for the decision variable Y . Three distinguishable parameters of the LP3 pdf are obtained through analytical derivation of three moments of the decision variable Y . Furthermore, toward a more realistic model, in addition to ASE Gaussian noise, the effects of shot and thermal noises are also included. Finally, using the presented analytical approach, it is shown that power-cubic preprocessor outperforms its quadratic counterparts, i.e., Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Two Photon Absorption (TPA) devices, in high power regime where shot and thermal noises can be neglected.

In an antenna array system such as that used in the Deep Space Network (DSN) for satellite communication, it is often necessary to account for the effects due to the atmosphere. Typically, the atmosphere induces amplitude and phase fluctuations on the transmitted downlink signal that invalidate the assumed stationarity of the signal model. The degree to which these perturbations affect the stationarity of the model depends both on parameters of the atmosphere, including wind speed and turbulence strength, and on parameters of the communication system, such as the sampling rate used. In this article, we focus on modeling the atmospheric phase fluctuations in a digital antenna array communications system. Based on a continuous-time statistical model for the atmospheric phase effects, we show how to obtain a related discrete-time model based on sampling the continuous-time process. The effects of the nonstationarity of the resulting signal model are investigated using the sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm for minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) equalization of the received signal

In an antenna array system such as that used in the Deep Space Network (DSN) for satellite communication, it is often necessary to account for the effects due to the atmosphere. Typically, the atmosphere induces amplitude and phase fluctuations on the transmitted downlink signal that invalidate the assumed stationarity of the signal model. The degree to which these perturbations affect the stationarity of the model depends both on parameters of the atmosphere, including wind speed and turbulence strength, and on parameters of the communication system, such as the sampling rate used. In this article, we focus on modeling the atmospheric phase fluctuations in a digital antenna array communications system. Based on a continuous-time statistical model for the atmospheric phase effects, we show how to obtain a related discrete-time model based on sampling the continuous-time process. The effects of the nonstationarity of the resulting signal model are investigated using the sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm for minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) equalization of the received signal

Examining the Relationships Among Self-control,Psychological Resilience, and Digital Addiction in College Students Through Meta-analysis

This viewgraph presentation provides USGS/USAID natural resource assessments in Afghanistan through the mapping of coal, oil and natural gas, minerals, hydrologic resources and earthquake and flood hazards.

Knowledge components (KCs) define the underlying skill model of intelligent educational software, and they are critical to understanding and improving the efficacy of learning technology. In this research, we show how learning curve analysis is used to fit a KC model--one that was created after use of the learning technology--which can then be improved by human-centered data science methods. We analyzed data from 417 middle-school students who used a digital learning game to learn decimal numbers and decimal operations. Our initial results showed that problem types (e.g., ordering decimals, adding decimals) capture students' performance better than underlying decimal misconceptions (e.g., longer decimals are larger). Through a process of KC model refinement and domain knowledge interpretation, we were able to identify the difficulties that students faced in learning decimals. Based on this result, we present an instructional redesign proposal for our digital learning game and outline a framework for post-hoc KC modeling in a tutoring system. More generally, the method we used in this work can help guide changes to the type, content and order of problems in educational software. [For the full proceedings, see ED599096.]

This article will focus on the achievements of Wang Ziwu in ink and wash figure painting. Through the examination of his artistic experience, he will look for the historical reasons that formed the artistic characteristics of his ink and wash figure painting, and then deeply analyze the unique shape and language of his ink and wash figure painting. Explain his value and significance for the development of Chinese ink and wash figure painting, as well as the inspiration and guidance for my artistic creation. Based on the multimedia background, this paper studies the shape of Wang Ziwu's ink figure painting, and uses principal component analysis to extract, classify and model the ink and ink.

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.197906 dc.contributor.author: D V Nagaraju dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-08T11:40:31Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-08T11:40:31Z dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2005-10-27 dc.identifier.barcode: 5990010097874 dc.identifier.origpath: /rawdataupload/upload/0097/874 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/197906 dc.description.scanningcentre: IIIT, Allahabad dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 114 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Digital Library Of India dc.publisher: I I T Kanpur dc.rights: Out_of_copyright dc.source.library: I I T Kanpur dc.subject.classification: Technology dc.subject.classification: Civil Engineering dc.title: Volumetric Computations Through Digital Terrain Modeling

This technical report presents the Multi-Rate Digital Autopilot Modeling Methodology used in the analysis of guided weapon system development programs within the Armament Division. This methodology evolved from many and varied autopilot analyses and has been refined as indicated in this report. Typical guided weapon programs that have used this approach are: Advance Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM), WASP Antiarmor Missile, and Low Level Laser Guided Bomb (LLLGB). Reviews of both fundamental Z-Transform Theory and the Multi-Rate Transform are given. An example of a two-loop-per-channel autopilot typical of a symmetric missile is given. This autopilot is then modeled using Multi-Rate Transform theory to develop both open-loop and closed-loop transfer functions in the Z-plane. The computational algorithms used for Multi-Rate Modeling are referenced.

A methodology to determine the effect of single-event transients (SETs) on complex digital systems has been developed. This methodology is based on the SET-state-transition model. This model breaks the complex digital system down into five states. These states are the error-free/transient-free state, the logic-gate-transient state, the single-event-upset (SEU) state, the output-driver transient state, and the failure state. The state transitional probabilities of the model are determined by SET generation modeling, SET propagation modeling, and SEU propagation modeling. SET generation and propagation are primarily modeled using SPICE. SEU propagation modeling is accomplished using a combination of VHDL fault-injection modeling and mode-dependent (or instruction-based for a processor) register-usage analysis. To verify this methodology, the SET tolerance of a 16-bit RISC microprocessor, the KDLX, was predicted. The transitional probabilities for this processor were determined, and the effective cross-section of the processor for three different test programs was predicted. Laser testing was performed on the KDLX to validate the predicted transitional probabilities. Heavy-ion testing was performed to validate system-level predictions. The results from the heavy-ion testing show that the methodology accurately predicts the saturated effective cross-section of a complex digital system.

A critical requirement for the development of low cost, wide-bandwidth telecommunications equipment is the close integration of both digital and analog microelectronic components. The physical interface between an IC and its environment is the IC package, and its performance is severely tested by the high speed and high frequencies encountered in wide-bandwidth systems. Single chip mixed signal ICs that combine directly both high frequency analog and high speed digital sub-sections will require proper electromagnetic understanding of capacitive, inductive, and radiative coupling between components, and their impact on high sensitivity analog sub-circuits. The overall objective of this work is the development of techniques for the analysis and design of mixed signal packages, especially the impact of inductive cross talk between the digital and analog sections of the IC, and techniques to maintain appropriate RF to RF signal line isolation in low cost IC packages. In wireless personal communication services (PCS) units there are particularly severe constraints on package options, since these applications are typically very cost and form-factor sensitive. Some of the major problems induced by digital to analog and analog to analog cross talk are listed below: (1) high speed digital clocks cause severe interference with RF or IF front ends; (2) in digital portables, time-division-multiple-access (TDMA) may be used and power on / off cycles happen fairly frequently, causing additional transient noise on the power and ground planes; (3) in frequency division duplex systems, high-power transmit signals cause interference with weak receive signals since separation by filters is limited; (4) the leakage of the amplifier output to the input may cause the amplifier to oscillate.

nanoCAD's Topoplan module extends the nanoCAD platform with tools for digital terrain modeling and documentation. It is designed to make the work of surveyors more efficient. New in Topoplan Recalculation of Coordinates Mesh Simplification 3D Slope 3D Polyline Offset Surface Difference Coloring Elevation Legend Creating Geopoints Manually Creating a Group of Geopoints Manually Editing, Renaming and Deleting a Group New Grips of Geopoints Creating Geopoints by Points and Texts Export Geopoints Points Conversion Creating Label and Marker Styles of Geopoints User-Defined Properties of Geopoints

nanoCAD's Topoplan module extends the nanoCAD platform with tools for digital terrain modeling and documentation. It is designed to make the work of surveyors more efficient. New in Topoplan Recalculation of Coordinates Mesh Simplification 3D Slope 3D Polyline Offset Surface Difference Coloring Elevation Legend Creating Geopoints Manually Creating a Group of Geopoints Manually Editing, Renaming and Deleting a Group New Grips of Geopoints Creating Geopoints by Points and Texts Export Geopoints Points Conversion Creating Label and Marker Styles of Geopoints User-Defined Properties of Geopoints

An adaptive modeling technique is examined by which controllers can be synthesized to provide corrective dynamics to a human operator's mathematical model in closed loop control systems. The technique utilizes a class of Liapunov functions formulated for this purpose, Liapunov's stability criterion and a model-reference system configuration. The Liapunov function is formulated to posses variable characteristics to take into consideration the identification dynamics. The time derivative of the Liapunov function generate the identification and control laws for the mathematical model system. These laws permit the realization of a controller which updates the human operator's mathematical model parameters so that model and human operator produce the same response when subjected to the same stimulus. A very useful feature is the development of a digital computer program which is easily implemented and modified concurrent with experimentation. The program permits the modeling process to interact with the experimentation process in a mutually beneficial way.

The use of ferroelectric materials for digital memory devices is widely researched and implemented, but ferroelectric devices also possess unique characteristics that make them have interesting and useful properties in digital circuits. Because ferroelectric transistors possess the properties of hysteresis and nonlinearity, a digital inverter containing a FeFET has very different characteristics than one with a traditional FET. This paper characterizes the properties of the measurement and modeling of a FeFET based digital inverter. The circuit was set up using discrete FeFETs. The purpose of this circuit was not to produce a practical integrated circuit that could be inserted directly into existing digital circuits, but to explore the properties and characteristics of such a device and to look at possible future uses. Input and output characteristics are presented, as well as timing measurements. Comparisons are made between the ferroelectric device and the properties of a standard digital inverter. Potential benefits and possible uses of such a device are presented.

The effect of vertical accuracy of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) on hydrologic models is evaluated by comparing three DEMs and resulting hydrologic model predictions applied to a 7.2 sq km USDA - ARS watershed at Mahantango Creek, PA. The high resolution (5 m) DEM was resempled to a 30 m resolution using method that constrained the spatial structure of the elevations to be comparable with the USGS and SIR-C DEMs. This resulting 30 m DEM was used as the reference product for subsequent comparisons. Spatial fields of directly derived quantities, such as elevation differences, slope, and contributing area, were compared to the reference product, as were hydrologic model output fields derived using each of the three DEMs at the common 30 m spatial resolution.

An interim analysis of error pattern data collected at 4800 b/s and 9600 b/s via digital data transmission on AUTOVON using the Codex 9600 modem has been performed. The data tends to show that errors occur in dense bursts, ranging in length to thousands of bits with significant numbers of bursts of a few hundred bits length. The bursts are generally separated by long error-free intervals. The differences between the 4800 b/s and 9600 b/s data appear to be minimal with fewer bursts at 9600 b/s. No conclusions should be drawn in terms of a 4800 vs 9600 b/s comparison since the data considered in this interim report was not balanced in terms of numbers of bits collected at the different data rates or the different selected switch connections. When equal amounts of data are available for the various switch configurations it should then be possible to compare 4800 and 9600 b/s data. It has been demonstrated that an analytical channel model can be fit to the data, namely a MARKOV channel model. This model can be used for coding analysis by those who do not have the raw channel data and data analysis programs.

This report gives a managerial overview of the Life Cycle Cost Impact Modeling System (LCCIM), which was designed to provide the Air Force with an in-house capability of assessing the life cycle cost impact of weapon system design alternatives. LCCIM consists of computer programs and the analyses which the user must perform to generate input data. The system is different from existing models of similar purpose because it incorporates a capability to analytically derive, as well as aggregate, data required for the estimation of life cycle cost. This feature provides an improved capability to conduct trade-offs among candidate design, manpower, and logistic alternatives early in the systems acquisition process. LCCIM represents a systematic approach to resource requirements analysis and cost estimation, which functions in terms of the operation and system support processes associated with the system being examined. Also included in this report is a general description of the initial LCCIM application; i.e., an assessment of the potential impact of the Digital Avionics Information System concept of avionics integration. References are included. (Author/LLS)

We present a simple and efficient phenomenological model for the two-dimensional two-point galaxy correlation function that works well over a wide range of scales, from large scales down to scales as small as 25Mpc/h. Our model incorporates nonlinear effects, a scale-dependent galaxy bias on small scales, and allows the redshift-space distortions to be scale and direction dependent. We validate our model using LasDamas mock catalogs, and apply it to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7 Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs). Using only the monopole and quadrupole of the correlation function measured from the SDSS DR7 LRGs, we obtain improved measurements H(z)r_s(z_d)/c=0.0433\pm 0.0042, D_A(z)/r_s(z_d)=6.59\pm 0.46, and f(z)sigma_8(z)=0.429\pm 0.089 at z=0.35, using the scale range of 25

Asimple, nonstandardized material test specimen,which fails along one of two different likely crack paths, is considered herein.The result of deviations in geometry on the order of tenths of amillimeter, this ambiguity in crack pathmotivates the consideration of asmanufactured component geometry in the design, assessment, and certification of structural systems.Herein, finite elementmodels of as-manufactured specimens are generated and subsequently analyzed to resolve the crack-path ambiguity. The consequence and benefit of such a "personalized" methodology is the prediction of a crack path for each specimen based on its as-manufactured geometry, rather than a distribution of possible specimen geometries or nominal geometry.The consideration of as-manufactured characteristics is central to the Digital Twin concept. Therefore, this work is also intended to motivate its development.

The subject of this thesis is to model and verify the correctness of the architecture of the Digital Image Synthesizer (DIS). The DIS, a system-on-a-chip, is especially useful as a counter-targeting repeater. It synthesizes the characteristic echo signature of a pre-selected target. The VHDL description of the DIS architecture was exported from Tanner S-Edit, modified, and simulated. Different software oriented verification approaches were researched and a White-box approach to functional verification was adopted. An algorithm based on the hardware functionality was developed to compare expected and simulated results. Initially, the architecture of one Range Bin Modulator was exported. Modifications to the VHDL source code included modeling of the behavior of the NFET and P-FET transistors as well as Ground and Vdd (the voltages connected to the drains of the FETs). It also included renaming of entities to comply with VHDL naming conventions. Simulation results were compared to manual calculations and Matlab programs to verify the architecture. The procedure was repeated for the architecture of an Eight-Range Bin Modulator with equally successful results. VHDL was then used to create a super class of a 32-Range Bin Modulator. Test vectors developed in Matlab were used to yet again verify correct functionality.

This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted to identify and document student perceptions of the effectiveness of computer modeling software introduced in a design foundations course that had previously utilized only conventional manually-produced representation techniques. Rather than attempt to utilize a production-oriented CAD program, this exploratory study investigated the use of alternative software applications developed by vendors specifically to function as conceptual design tools. The study was structured to identify areas of future investigation related to student perceptions of the effectiveness of the software in facilitating design exploration, the effectiveness and ease of use of various application features, and the extent to which prior CAD coursework was related to the perceived effectiveness of the software on design outcomes. (Contains 2 tables and 4 figures.)

The switch from analog to digital terrestrial broadcasting (DTTV) has resulted in a substantial shift in the contemporary television broadcasting environment, introducing a new means of transmitting content, as well as a new and upgraded process that will improve consumer satisfaction by ensuring greater reception. Despite the deadline, only a small percentage of terrestrial television stations in Nigeria have been digitalized. This work takes a critical review of various aspects of DTTV implementation, ranging from evolution to path loss estimation, prospects and challenges associated with the switch-over on the very high frequency (VHF) communication links as well as various optimization techniques that are adopted for DTTV in Nigeria and sub-Sahara Africa. Findings show that the prospects are bright and numerous benefits are accruable if the government of Nigeria can solve the problems facing its full migration. Furthermore, investigations into the path-loss of DTTV in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) communication links have enjoyed scanty attention, therefore, careful examination and suitable path-loss model development in this frequency regime for television (TV) services across various ecological and vegetation zones should be considered as it will aid the full deployment of DTTV in Nigeria.

A model for spatial distributions of reflectivity in storm cells was fitted to digital radar data. The data were taken with a modified WSR-57 weather radar with 2.6-km resolution. The data consisted of modified B-scan records on magnetic tape of storm cells tracked at 0 deg elevation for several hours. The MIT L-band radar with 0.8-km resolution produced cross-section data on several cells at 1/2 deg elevation intervals. The model developed uses ellipses for contours of constant effective-reflectivity factor Z with constant orientation and eccentricity within a horizontal cell cross section at a given time and elevation. The centers of the ellipses are assumed to be uniformly spaced on a straight line, with areas linearly related to log Z. All cross sections are similar at different heights (except for cell tops, bottoms, and splitting cells), especially for the highest reflectivities; wind shear causes some translation and rotation between levels. Goodness-of-fit measures and parameters of interest for 204 ellipses are considered.

A collection of technical papers are presented that cover modeling pilot interaction with automated digital avionics systems and guidance and control algorithms for contour and nap-of-the-earth flight. The titles of the papers presented are as follows: (1) Automation effects in a multiloop manual control system; (2) A qualitative model of human interaction with complex dynamic systems; (3) Generalized predictive control of dynamic systems; (4) An application of generalized predictive control to rotorcraft terrain-following flight; (5) Self-tuning generalized predictive control applied to terrain-following flight; and (6) Precise flight path control using a predictive algorithm.

A collection of technical papers are presented that cover modeling pilot interaction with automated digital avionics systems and guidance and control algorithms for contour and nap-of-the-earth flight. The titles of the papers presented are as follows: (1) Automation effects in a multiloop manual control system; (2) A qualitative model of human interaction with complex dynamic systems; (3) Generalized predictive control of dynamic systems; (4) An application of generalized predictive control to rotorcraft terrain-following flight; (5) Self-tuning generalized predictive control applied to terrain-following flight; and (6) Precise flight path control using a predictive algorithm.

7.9

As the world moves toward a low-carbon future, a key challenge is improving buildings’ energy performance while maintaining occupant thermal comfort. Emerging digital tools such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) offer significant potential, enabling precise monitoring and control of building systems. However, integrating these technologies into a unified Digital Twin (DT) framework remains underexplored, particularly in relation to thermal comfort. Additionally, real-world case studies are limited. This paper presents a DT-based system that combines BIM and IoT sensors to monitor and control indoor comfort in real time through an easy-to-use web platform. By using BIM spatial and geometric data along with real-time data from sensors, the system visualizes thermal comfort using a simplified Predicted Mean Vote (sPMV) index. Furthermore, it also uses a hybrid machine learning model that combines Facebook Prophet and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict the future indoor environmental parameters. The framework enables Model Predictive Control (MPC) while providing building managers with a scalable tool to collect, analyze, visualize, and optimize thermal comfort data in real time.

For their 61st annual conference, the Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers (ALER) met in St. Petersburg, Florida. This year's conference theme was "Engaging All Readers through Explorations of Literacy, Language, and Culture," which was also used as the title for this year's "Yearbook." This "Yearbook" contains articles about innovative strategies for teachers and teacher leaders, research trends within teacher education programs, and innovative and seminal strategies for preservice teachers. Included are double-peer reviewed papers, the presidential address, and the keynote address: (1) Systems Without a Process: Know What To Do and Then Do It Well (David D. Paige); (2) Reclaiming Creative Literacy Practices (Thomas W. Bean); (3) Understanding Reasoning and Academic Language in Economics (Chang Yuan); (4) "There Might Be Words on the Screen, but it's Not the Same": Engaging Tweens in Literacy through Minecraft Book Groups (Carolyn Stufft); (5) Stranger than Nonfiction: Identifying and Modeling Text Structures in Fiction Picturebooks (Tracey S. Hodges and Sharon D. Matthews); (6) "Es Lo Que Hacemos"/It's What We Do: Translanguaging to Make Meaning During Read Alouds (Erin Greeter); (7) Research on Reader's Theater (Faida Stokes and Chase Young); (8) What DO they do all day?: Field Experiences in Literacy Coaching (Katherine Brodeur, Susan Massey, Lisa Ortmann, and Cynthia Bertelsen); (9) The Engaged Learning Model: The Impact of Digital Literacy and Problem-Based Learning on Fourth Graders' Vocabulary and General Reading Outcomes (James E. Gentry, Chris Sloan, and Robin Pate); (10) Teachers Implementing Coaching Mindsets: A Path to Literacy Leadership (Aimee Morewood, Susan Taylor, Julie Ankrum, Allison Swan Dagen, and Angela Curfman); (11) High Stakes Testing in Teacher Education: Responses and Implications (Maryann Mraz, Bob Rickelman, S. Michael Putman, Paola Pilonieta, and Jean Vintinner); (12) The Lasting Impact of a University Common Reading Program (Kristen Ferguson, Natalya Brown, and Linda Piper); (13) Honoring All of the Language Arts: A Constructivist Approach to Preservice Teachers' Classroom Observations (Delane Bender-Slack and Teresa Young); (14) Preservice Teachers' Sense of Efficacy for Literacy Instruction: Examination of an Undergraduate Delivery System (Corinne Valadez, Tomas Espinosa, Johnathan Hill, and Maureen Sullivan); (15) Cohort Participation: Impact on Personal Learning Networks (Caryssa K. Retrum, Elizabeth Alderton, Glady Van Harpen, and Stephanie Bernander); (16) Disrupting the University Curriculum: Engaging Preservice Teachers in a Study Abroad "Passport" Activity (Virginia R. Massaro, Joan A. Rhodes, and Sharon Zumbrunn); (17) "If You're Not Reading, You're Not Growing": Exploring the Reading Habits of Preservice Teachers in a Children's Literature Course (Bethanie Pletcher and Tomas Espinosa); (18) Shaping and Being Shaped: Exploring Preservice Teachers' Literacy Autobiographies (Stacey J. Korson and Connie Beckner Hodge); (19) Supporting Literacy Teaching Through Rehearsal (Nicholas Husbye); (20) Phonics and Phonemic Awareness in a Teacher Preparation Program: An Analysis of the Achievement and Perceptions of Pre-Service Teachers (Stacey Bose); (21) The Power of Family Involvement: Preparing Preservice Teachers to Understand More about the Out of School Literacy Lives and Cultures of Children (Kathryn V. Dixon, Martha M. Foote, and Juan J. Araujo with Rhonda Clark, Carol Revelle, and Tami Morton); (22) Supporting the Literacy Development of At-Risk First Time College Students through the Exploration of Language and Culture (Connie Briggs, Patricia A. Watson, and Ivan Dole); and (23) Exploring the Reading Strategy Use of EFL College Students: Tri-lingual Chinese Students Attending a University in Korea (Kay Hong-Nam and Susan Szabo). [For the Thirty-Ninth Yearbook, see ED594524.]

A methodology to determine the effect of single-event transients (SETs) on complex digital systems has been developed. This methodology is based on the SET-state-transition model. This model breaks the complex digital system down into five states. These states are the error-free/transient-free state, the logic-gate-transient state, the single -event-upset (SEU) state, the output-driver transient state, and the failure state. The state -transitional probabilities of the model are determined by SET generation modeling, SET propagation modeling, and SEU propagation modeling. SET generation and propagation are primarily modeled using SPICE. SEU propagation modeling is accomplished using a combination of VHDL fault-injection modeling and mode-dependent (or instruction-based for a processor) register-usage analysis. To verify this methodology, the SET tolerance of a 16-bit RISC microprocessor, the KDLX, was predicted. The transitional probabilities for this processor were determined, and the effective crosssection of the processor for three different test programs was predicted. Laser testing was performed on the KDLX to validate the predicted transitional probabilities. Heavy-ion testing was performed to validate system-level predictions. The results from the heavy-ion testing show that the methodology accurately predicts the saturated effective cross-section of a complex digital system.

Perma.cc archive of https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.29.20184135v1 created on 2022-01-08 00:06:53+00:00.

This report describes a modeling and simulation approach for disturbance patterns representative of the environment experienced by a digital system in an electromagnetic reverberation chamber. The disturbance is modeled by a multi-variate statistical distribution based on empirical observations. Extended versions of the Rejection Samping and Inverse Transform Sampling techniques are developed to generate multi-variate random samples of the disturbance. The results show that Inverse Transform Sampling returns samples with higher fidelity relative to the empirical distribution. This work is part of an ongoing effort to develop a resilience assessment methodology for complex safety-critical distributed systems.

With the introduction of tools like the DLF’s Digitization Cost Cal- culator, forecasting and fundraising for digitization projects can be achieved with transparency and clarity. However, estimating and articulating the considerable long-term expenses of digital preser- vation lags behind. The surfeit of digital materials entering cultural heritage institutions introduce significant costs that rapidly outstrip the costs of digitization, and these costs are challenging to represent clearly at the outset of a project–either due to obscure technical details, the array of pricing options for storage and preservation systems, and the impossibility of predicting the price of "keeping it forever." In our library, we are in the early stages of developing a cost model for digital preservation systems loosely aligned to the costs of systems and activities within the NDSA Levels of Digital Preser- vation framework. This work is intended to articulate the ongoing costs of desirable and essential digital curation activities to digital project stakeholders, as well as administrators–with the ultimate goal of sustainable funding for responsible digital preservation. Our "Digital Preservation Cost Calculator" has been successfully used to estimate project expenditures in preparation for grant applications and philanthropic financing requests. We are exploring prospective features that can transition this tool from a local budgeting tool to a full-fledged digital preservation application. This paper will introduce our use case and require- ments, current development challenges, and propose a prospective roadmap and options for community engagement.

A dominant-data matching method is presented for obtaining a reduced-order pulse-transfer function from either a high-order continuous-data transfer function or a high-order pulse-transfer function, and for identifying the pulse-transfer function of a system from available experimental time and frequency response data. The method may also be applied to the digital control systems design problem with various sampling periods.

A MATLAB computer program has been written to enable improved (relative to an older program) modeling of a human body for purposes of designing space suits and other hardware with which an astronaut must interact. The older program implements a kinematic model based on traditional anthropometric measurements that do provide important volume and surface information. The present program generates a three-dimensional (3D) whole-body model from 3D body-scan data. The program utilizes thin-plate spline theory to reposition the model without need for additional scans.

A MATLAB computer program has been written to enable improved (relative to an older program) modeling of a human body for purposes of designing space suits and other hardware with which an astronaut must interact. The older program implements a kinematic model based on traditional anthropometric measurements that do provide important volume and surface information. The present program generates a three-dimensional (3D) whole-body model from 3D body-scan data. The program utilizes thin-plate spline theory to reposition the model without need for additional scans.

The U.S. Coast Guard Academy (USCGA) has developed a prototype Digital Very High Frequency super-heterodyne Direction Finding system (DVHF-DF) in support of the U.S. Coast Guard's National Distress Response System Modernization Project (NDRSMP). This receiver, which processes four independent channels of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) data. offers significant advantages over more conventional receivers. Specifically, receivers that can archive separate channels of I and Q data can perform post-processed spatial filtering to enhance intelligibility of the demodulated signals, they can perform direction finding independently on two or more signals in the same frequency band originating from different directions, and they can use archived data to perform speaker and platform identification. thereby assisting in hoax determination. The central interest in this paper is a study of the antenna ray. Analysis of the array is presented for an array of isotropic radiators, and for a Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC) model of the individual elements in the configuration of the actual array. Comparisons of these arrangements are presented.

Modeling Digital Citizenship: Curating and Creating With Care dumped with WikiTeam tools.

Введение.  Управление подводными робототехническими комплексами (ПРК) осложняется такими факторами, как инерция, стохастические возмущения и отсутствие навигационной инфраструктуры. Существующие подходы к моделированию и прогнозированию поведения ПРК характеризуются слабой интеграцией или отсутствием интеграции данных с реальных датчиков в режиме реального времени. Устранение этого пробела в комплексных решениях позволяет объединить физические модели, цифровые двойники и визуализацию. Перспективным инструментом для преодоления указанных ограничений является цифровой двойник (ЦД), обеспечивающий точное цифровое представление объекта за счет интеграции данных с физических датчиков и математических моделей. Целью представленного исследования является разработка метода прогнозирования динамики ПРК с использованием цифрового двойника для повышения эффективности автономного управления. Материалы и методы.   Основой исследования стала разработка математической модели движения подводного робототехнического комплекса. Она включала дифференциальную кинематику, моделирование сопротивления среды и динамики вращения. Для сбора и обработки данных использовались следующие датчики: инкрементальные энкодеры, трёхосевой акселерометр и гироскоп. Для управления движением по каждой оси использовался пропорционально-интегрально-дифференцирующий (ПИД) регулятор. Для визуализации и тестирования модели использовалась игровая среда Unity. С её помощью был создан модуль цифрового двойника с возможностью отображения состояния системы в реальном времени. В качестве программного обеспечения для низкоуровневого программирования использовалась платформа Arduino IDE, а для анализа данных и построения графиков – MATLAB и Python. Результаты.   Для верификации модели были проведены эксперименты на физической модели. Проведено сравнение с моделированием поведения объекта в виртуальной среде. Представлены графики расхождений физической и моделированной траекторий. Рассчитаны статистические метрики, характеризующие точность цифрового двойника. Максимальное отклонение по координатам не превысило 5,3 мм, среднее угловое отклонение составило 3,5°. Это подтвердило надежность и практическую применимость предложенной модели для автономного управления робототехническим комплексом. Также установлено, что средняя погрешность по оси X составила 3,11 мм, по оси Y — 2,92 мм. Средняя погрешность по углу Z — 1,8°. Время отклика составило менее 10 мс. Устойчивость цифрового двойника к незначительным колебаниям данных обеспечивалась сглаживанием входных данных, устойчивостью системного регулятора и адаптацией модели к калибровочным значениям в начале каждого цикла. Обсуждение и заключение.   Цифровые двойники подходят для предиктивного управления и мониторинга объекта в условиях неопределенности. Предложенный подход может быть масштабирован для различных типов робототехнических систем, работающих в агрессивных и плохо предсказуемых условиях. Дальнейшие исследования в этом направлении могут быть связаны с внедрением адаптивных и нейросетевых методов управления.

The development of models to represent human characteristics and behaviors in human factors is broad and general. The term \"model\" can refer to any metaphor to represent any aspect of the human; it is generally used in research to mean a mathematical tool for the simulation (often in software, which makes the simulation digital) of some aspect of human performance and for the prediction of future outcomes. This section is restricted to the application of human models in physical design, e.g., in human factors engineering. This design effort is typically human interface design, and the digital models used are anthropometric. That is, they are visual models that are the physical shape of humans and that have the capabilities and constraints of humans of a selected population. They are distinct from the avatars used in the entertainment industry (movies, video games, and the like) in precisely that regard: as models, they are created through the application of data on humans, and they are used to predict human response; body stresses workspaces. DHM enable iterative evaluation of a large number of concepts and support rapid analysis, as compared with use of physical mockups. They can be used to evaluate feasibility of escape of a suited astronaut from a damaged vehicle, before launch or after an abort (England, et al., 2012). Throughout most of human spaceflight, little attention has been paid to worksite design for ground workers. As a result of repeated damage to the Space Shuttle which adversely affected flight safety, DHM analyses of ground assembly and maintenance have been developed over the last five years for the design of new flight systems (Stambolian, 2012, Dischinger and Dunn Jackson, 2014). The intent of these analyses is to assure the design supports the work of the ground crew personnel and thereby protect the launch vehicle. They help the analyst address basic human factors engineering questions: can a worker reach the task site from the work platform provided; can she or he see the task site; can she or he control tools, which, if dropped, might damage the system? Figure 7.3.1 provides an example of such analysis for a future NASA launch vehicle. [figure 7.3.1 here] In-space systems for operation by astronauts have long been targets for DHM analysis, given the focus on mission success and concerns for astronaut safety. Figure 7.3.2 illustrates the analysis of the design to support astronaut tasks for an International Space Station glovebox. [Figure 7.3.2 here] Use by

The Reliability, Maintainability, and Cost Model (RMCM) described in this report is an interactive mathematical model with a built-in sensitivity analysis capability. It is a major component of the Life Cycle Cost Impact Model (LCCIM), which was developed as part of the DAIS advanced development program to be used to assess the potential impacts of the DAIS concept of avionics integration on system support requirements and life cycle cost (LCC). This guide for RMCM users contains all information needed for users to interact with the RMCM computer program from a computer terminal. Included are descriptions of the RMCM functions and capabilities, as well as each cost element which it covers and its associated equations; instructions for preparing input data files; a description of the input data format for the cost model data bank; an explanation of the interactive procedures to be used on the computer terminal; and examples of the RMCM batch mode printed outputs. The appendices contain RMCM input cost elements and sources, specific cost element equations, and a list of acronyms. (Author/CHC)