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This project will explore whether men convicted of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) exhibit distinct patterns of social cognitive functioning compared to other types of offenders and non-offenders. Specifically, the study will assess two core components of social cognition—empathy and emotion decoding—across five male groups: specialist IPVAW perpetrators (those whose violence is exclusively directed at intimate partners), generalist IPVAW perpetrators (those who have also committed violence against others), violent offenders not involved in IPVAW, non-violent offenders, and individuals with no criminal record.

See attached file.

See attached file.

This article is from Frontiers in Psychology , volume 5 . Abstract Surprisingly little is known about whether relationships between cognitive and emotional states remain stable or change over time, or how different patterns of stability and/or change in the relationships affect problem solving abilities. Nevertheless, cross-sectional studies show that anxiety/worry may reduce working memory (WM) resources, and the ability to minimize the effects anxiety/worry is higher in individuals with greater WM capacity. To investigate the patterns of stability and/or change in cognition-emotion relations over time and their implications for problem solving, 126 14-year-olds’ algebraic WM and worry levels were assessed twice in a single day before completing an algebraic math problem solving test. We used latent transition analysis to identify stability/change in cognition-emotion relations, which yielded a six subgroup solution. Subgroups varied in WM capacity, worry, and stability/change relationships. Among the subgroups, we identified a high WM/low worry subgroup that remained stable over time and a high WM/high worry, and a moderate WM/low worry subgroup that changed to low WM subgroups over time. Patterns of stability/change in subgroup membership predicted algebraic test results. The stable high WM/low worry subgroup performed best and the low WM capacity-high worry “unstable across time” subgroup performed worst. The findings highlight the importance of assessing variations in cognition-emotion relationships over time (rather than assessing cognition or emotion states alone) to account for differences in problem solving abilities.

This article is from Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience , volume 7 . Abstract The appeal of simple, sweeping portraits of large-scale brain mechanisms relevant to psychological phenomena competes with a rich, complex research base. As a prominent example, two views of frontal brain organization have emphasized dichotomous lateralization as a function of either emotional valence (positive/negative) or approach/avoidance motivation. Compelling findings support each. The literature has struggled to choose between them for three decades, without success. Both views are proving untenable as comprehensive models. Evidence of other frontal lateralizations, involving distinctions among dimensions of depression and anxiety, make a dichotomous view even more problematic. Recent evidence indicates that positive valence and approach motivation are associated with different areas in the left-hemisphere. Findings that appear contradictory at the level of frontal lobes as the units of analysis can be accommodated because hemodynamic and electromagnetic neuroimaging studies suggest considerable functional differentiation, in specialization and activation, of subregions of frontal cortex, including their connectivity to each other and to other regions. Such findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of functional localization that accommodates aspects of multiple theoretical perspectives.

This study seeks to disentangle the effects of movement fluidity, movement meaning, and the interaction between the two on emotions (positive, negative, and self-transcendent positive), creativity, race conceptions, and affective responses to a video about the impact of racism on health. Participants recruited online (N = 500) will be randomly assigned to draw six lines that are fluid or non-fluid (from Slepian & Ambady, 2012) and to ascribe sacred or non-sacred meaning to the arm movements. Participants will draw three lines at the beginning of the study and three additional lines throughout the study and complete a selection of dependent variables after the third through sixth line drawings. This study is both a direct (for outcome of positive & negative emotions) and a conceptual (for fluid movement manipulation and outcomes of creativity, race conceptions, affective responses to a video about the impact of racism on health) replication of Slepian & Ambady (2012) and Slepian et al. (2014) as well as an extension (for outcome of self-transcendent positive emotions as well as the sacred meaning manipulation) of this research.

Proposal of dissertation project for Christopher J. Schmank at Claremont Graduate University

Proposal of dissertation project for Christopher J. Schmank at Claremont Graduate University

Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulties recognizing and attending to one’s own emotional experiences. It is also associated with difficulties recognizing others’ affective experiences, including poorer recognition of others’ emotional facial expressions (Grynberg et al., 2012) and impaired Theory of Mind, particularly in situations requiring emotion recognition (Pisani et al., 2021). Some researchers have gone so far as to label alexithymia as a trans-diagnostic precursor to empathic abnormality and have called for a greater understanding of the ways in which alexithymia contributes to empathic deficits (Valdespino, Antezana, Ghane, & Richey, 2017). However, much remains unknown about the mechanisms by which alexithymia may contribute to reduced recognition of others’ affective experiences.

Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulties recognizing and attending to one’s own emotional experiences. It is also associated with difficulties recognizing others’ affective experiences, including poorer recognition of others’ emotional facial expressions (Grynberg et al., 2012) and impaired Theory of Mind, particularly in situations requiring emotion recognition (Pisani et al., 2021). Some researchers have gone so far as to label alexithymia as a trans-diagnostic precursor to empathic abnormality and have called for a greater understanding of the ways in which alexithymia contributes to empathic deficits (Valdespino, Antezana, Ghane, & Richey, 2017). However, much remains unknown about the mechanisms by which alexithymia may contribute to reduced recognition of others’ affective experiences.

Alexithymia is a personality construct characterized by difficulties in identifying and verbalizing emotional states, as well as low interest in the internal emotional experience (Luminet et al., 2021a). The current literature distinguishes between two main models of alexithymia, namely the over-responding and the deficit models (Luminet et al., 2021a; Luminet et al., 2021b). In the former approach, researchers propose that the emotional hyper-reactivity observed in alexithymic individuals results from the implementation of protective strategies to inhibit incoming emotions when one believes they may be overwhelming (Panayiotou et al., 2019). In the latter approach, the emotional hypo-reactivity represents an difficulty in emotional regulation due to poorly organized emotional representations and a lower ability to learn from similar past emotional situations (Luminet et al., 2021b). This project will strive to further current understandings of the underlying mechanisms in these models, by exploring the moderating role of alexithymia along several stages of the emotional experience. Variables of interest will include cognitive evaluations and appraisals of emotional situations, action tendencies, and emotion regulation strategies. Moreover, it has recently been brought to light that a series of executive functioning deficit are observed in alexithymia. The current project will also strive to examine the specific facets impacted in alexithymia, and their impact upon emotional experiences.

Adolescence is a developmental window characterised by increases in the ability to self-regulate thoughts and feelings, and it's also a period of political identity formation. Previous research indicated associations between self-regulation abilities and ideological attitudes in adults. In this study, we explore the direct and indirect associations between age, key components of self-regulation (that were previously linked to ideology), and ideological attitudes in cross-sectional observational data to be obtained from Wave 1 of the IP-PAD panel study with a targeted sample of N = 1000 adolescents from the United Kingdom. Part of the measures in this study will also be used in a related project. The research questions and analyses will however be unique and different to other work based on the same data source.

Adolescence is a developmental window characterised by increases in the ability to self-regulate thoughts and feelings, and it's also a period of political identity formation. Previous research indicated associations between self-regulation abilities and ideological attitudes in adults. In this study, we explore the direct and indirect associations between age, key components of self-regulation (that were previously linked to ideology), and ideological attitudes in cross-sectional observational data to be obtained from Wave 1 of the IP-PAD panel study with a targeted sample of N = 1000 adolescents from the United Kingdom. Part of the measures in this study will also be used in a related project. The research questions and analyses will however be unique and different to other work based on the same data source.

This article is from Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience , volume 12 . Abstract Chronic alcoholism is characterized by impaired control over emotionally motivated actions towards alcohol use. Neuropathologically, it is associated with widespread brain structural compromise marked by gray matter shrinkage, ventricular enlargement, and white matter degradation. The extent to which cortical damage itself or cortical disconnection by white matter fiber pathway disruption contribute to deficits in emotion, cognition, and behavior can be investigated with in vivo structural neuroimaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based quantitative fiber tracking. Tractography in alcoholism has revealed abnormalities in selective white matter fiber bundles involving limbic fiber tracts (fornix and cingulum) that connect cortico-limbic-striatal nodes of emotion and reward circuits. Studies documenting brain-behavior relationships support the role of alcoholism-related white matter fiber degradation as a substrate of clinical impairment. An understanding of the role of cortico-limbic fiber degradation in emotional dysregulation in alcoholism is now emerging.

For the first time show the Foundation's Dr. Jordi Mas i Manjon a report on the project educated emotions, this project lasting more than thirty years, it has been studied and experienced the possibilities of a rigorous education in a scientific way (demonstrable in the laboratory) the different emotions. This report is an example of rigorous research in the field of emotions and cognitions. It is possible to educate, help understand the emotions interacting with cognitions from a scientific view, we can replicate, repeat laboratory conditions, all of which radically changes what was until recently thought it was just philosophical, it is possible do it methodically and effectively useless without philosophy without beliefs. Progressively edit all other emotions investigated in rigorous study method.

PSYC 6310 Cognition and Emotion at UT Tyler

This study examines relationships between cognitive ability, age, and emotion regulation success in laboratory tasks.

This study examines relationships between cognitive ability, age, and emotion regulation success in laboratory tasks.

This study examines relationships between cognitive ability, age, and emotion regulation success in laboratory tasks.

This article is from Frontiers in Psychology , volume 3 . Abstract Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with impairments in facial emotion perception and Theory of Mind (ToM). These social cognitive skills deficits may be related to a reduced capacity to effectively regulate one’s own emotions according to the social context. We therefore set out to examine the relationship between social cognitive abilities and the use of cognitive strategies for regulating negative emotion in SZ and BD. Participants were 56 SZ, 33 BD, and 58 healthy controls (HC) who completed the Ekman 60-faces test of facial emotion recognition; a sub-set of these participants also completed The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). SZ participants demonstrated impairments in emotion perception on both the Ekman and the TASIT Emotion Evaluation tests relative to BD and HC. While both SZ and BD patients showed ToM deficits (i.e., perception of sarcasm and lie) compared to HC, SZ patients demonstrated significantly greater ToM impairment compared to BD. There were also distinct patterns of cognitive strategies used to regulate emotion in both patient groups: those with SZ were more likely to engage in catastrophizing and rumination, while BD subjects were more likely to blame themselves and were less likely to engage in positive reappraisal, relative to HC. In addition, those with SZ were more likely to blame others compared to BD. Associations between social cognition and affect regulation were revealed for HC only: TASIT performance was negatively associated with more frequent use of rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others, such that more frequent use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies was associated with poor social cognitive performance. These associations were not present in either patient group. However, both SZ and BD patients demonstrated poor ToM performance and aberrant use of emotion regulation strategies consistent with previous studies. SZ also showed basic emotion recognition deficits relative to BD and HC. That there were no associations between social cognition and the capacity to self-regulate negative emotion in SZ and BD (in the context of poor social cognition and maladaptive regulatory strategies) suggests that dysfunction in fronto-limbic brain networks may underpin both social cognitive deficits and the use of maladaptive cognitive strategies in these disorders, albeit by potentially different routes.

This article is from Frontiers in Psychology , volume 3 . Abstract Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with impairments in facial emotion perception and Theory of Mind (ToM). These social cognitive skills deficits may be related to a reduced capacity to effectively regulate one’s own emotions according to the social context. We therefore set out to examine the relationship between social cognitive abilities and the use of cognitive strategies for regulating negative emotion in SZ and BD. Participants were 56 SZ, 33 BD, and 58 healthy controls (HC) who completed the Ekman 60-faces test of facial emotion recognition; a sub-set of these participants also completed The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). SZ participants demonstrated impairments in emotion perception on both the Ekman and the TASIT Emotion Evaluation tests relative to BD and HC. While both SZ and BD patients showed ToM deficits (i.e., perception of sarcasm and lie) compared to HC, SZ patients demonstrated significantly greater ToM impairment compared to BD. There were also distinct patterns of cognitive strategies used to regulate emotion in both patient groups: those with SZ were more likely to engage in catastrophizing and rumination, while BD subjects were more likely to blame themselves and were less likely to engage in positive reappraisal, relative to HC. In addition, those with SZ were more likely to blame others compared to BD. Associations between social cognition and affect regulation were revealed for HC only: TASIT performance was negatively associated with more frequent use of rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others, such that more frequent use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies was associated with poor social cognitive performance. These associations were not present in either patient group. However, both SZ and BD patients demonstrated poor ToM performance and aberrant use of emotion regulation strategies consistent with previous studies. SZ also showed basic emotion recognition deficits relative to BD and HC. That there were no associations between social cognition and the capacity to self-regulate negative emotion in SZ and BD (in the context of poor social cognition and maladaptive regulatory strategies) suggests that dysfunction in fronto-limbic brain networks may underpin both social cognitive deficits and the use of maladaptive cognitive strategies in these disorders, albeit by potentially different routes.

This article is from Frontiers in Psychology , volume 3 . Abstract Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with impairments in facial emotion perception and Theory of Mind (ToM). These social cognitive skills deficits may be related to a reduced capacity to effectively regulate one’s own emotions according to the social context. We therefore set out to examine the relationship between social cognitive abilities and the use of cognitive strategies for regulating negative emotion in SZ and BD. Participants were 56 SZ, 33 BD, and 58 healthy controls (HC) who completed the Ekman 60-faces test of facial emotion recognition; a sub-set of these participants also completed The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). SZ participants demonstrated impairments in emotion perception on both the Ekman and the TASIT Emotion Evaluation tests relative to BD and HC. While both SZ and BD patients showed ToM deficits (i.e., perception of sarcasm and lie) compared to HC, SZ patients demonstrated significantly greater ToM impairment compared to BD. There were also distinct patterns of cognitive strategies used to regulate emotion in both patient groups: those with SZ were more likely to engage in catastrophizing and rumination, while BD subjects were more likely to blame themselves and were less likely to engage in positive reappraisal, relative to HC. In addition, those with SZ were more likely to blame others compared to BD. Associations between social cognition and affect regulation were revealed for HC only: TASIT performance was negatively associated with more frequent use of rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others, such that more frequent use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies was associated with poor social cognitive performance. These associations were not present in either patient group. However, both SZ and BD patients demonstrated poor ToM performance and aberrant use of emotion regulation strategies consistent with previous studies. SZ also showed basic emotion recognition deficits relative to BD and HC. That there were no associations between social cognition and the capacity to self-regulate negative emotion in SZ and BD (in the context of poor social cognition and maladaptive regulatory strategies) suggests that dysfunction in fronto-limbic brain networks may underpin both social cognitive deficits and the use of maladaptive cognitive strategies in these disorders, albeit by potentially different routes.

For the first time show the Foundation Dr. J. Mas i Manjon a report on the project educated emotions, this project lasting more than thirty years, it has been studied and experienced the possibilities of a rigorous education in a scientific way (demonstrable in the laboratory) the different emotions.

For the first time show the Foundation Dr. J. Mas i Manjon a report on the project educated emotions, this project lasting more than thirty years, it has been studied and experienced the possibilities of a rigorous education in a scientific way (demonstrable in the laboratory) the different emotions.

For the first time show the Foundation Dr. J. Mas i Manjon a report on the project educated emotions, this project lasting more than thirty years, it has been studied and experienced the possibilities of a rigorous education in a scientific way (demonstrable in the laboratory) the different emotions.

In today's world, there are many crises, and climate change is one of the most challenging crises of our time. Engaging society to address climate change constructively and collectively is particularly difficult due to the abstract nature and non-immediate consequences of climate change (Preuss, 1991; Weber, 2010). Journalism plays a crucial role in mobilizing society by influencing various factors such as cognition and emotion (Peters, 2011). However, the extent to which emotions influence pro-environmental behavior is not well understood, even though cognition and emotions are known to be important in mobilizing society to act (Kollmuss & Agyeman, 2002; Preuss, 1991; Fliegenschnee & Schelakov-sky, 1998). The effect of climate fear or anxiety on pro-environmental behavior, in particular, remains unclear. The evidence for the influence of climate fear or anxiety on pro-environmental behavior is heterogeneous and the subject of controversial scientific debate. While there are fewer studies on the influence of hope on pro-environmental behavior than on climate anxiety or fear, the data are also mixed. The evidence on how different cognitions affect behavior is somewhat clearer. A high risk perception of climate change thus appears to have a positive impact on both intentions to act in a climate-friendly manner (Smith & Mayer, 2018; Spence et al., 2012; Xie et al., 2019) and actual behavior (Blennow et al., 2012; Fahad & Wang, 2018; van Valkengoed & Steg, 2019). Perceived efficacy also appears to be an important predictor of pro-environmental behavior, as a high risk perception is more strongly associated with climate-friendly behavior the higher the perceived efficacy of one's own actions (Wang, 2021; Tannenbaum et al., 2015). The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM; Witte, 1992) highlights the significance of combining high risk perception (as one of the two components of perceived threat) with high perceived effectiveness when communicating a potential threat in order to predict specific adaptive behavior. Initially developed for health communication, the EPPM has been applied to other potential threats, including climate change. The evidence on the transfer of EPPM predictions to climate messages and human behavior continues to be inconsistent and, in some cases, empirically unsupported. This inconsistency may be partly explained by the the-ory's lack of consistency in the operational definitions of some of its constructs (Popova, 2012). Therefore, the present study, rather than focusing on specific predictions and constructs of the EPPM, adopts the idea of the effectiveness of a combination of a 'negative' cognition (high risk perception) and a 'positive' cognition (high perceived efficacy), and extends it by including an emotion that matches each cognition (fear/anxiety and hope). As cognitions and emotions can be influenced by various factors, such as journalism or the media, an experiment will be conducted to investigate how different journalistic styles of reporting on climate change influence pro-environmental behavior via the indirect effect of cognitions and emotions.

In today's world, there are many crises, and climate change is one of the most challenging crises of our time. Engaging society to address climate change constructively and collectively is particularly difficult due to the abstract nature and non-immediate consequences of climate change (Preuss, 1991; Weber, 2010). Journalism plays a crucial role in mobilizing society by influencing various factors such as cognition and emotion (Peters, 2011). However, the extent to which emotions influence pro-environmental behavior is not well understood, even though cognition and emotions are known to be important in mobilizing society to act (Kollmuss & Agyeman, 2002; Preuss, 1991; Fliegenschnee & Schelakov-sky, 1998). The effect of climate fear or anxiety on pro-environmental behavior, in particular, remains unclear. The evidence for the influence of climate fear or anxiety on pro-environmental behavior is heterogeneous and the subject of controversial scientific debate. While there are fewer studies on the influence of hope on pro-environmental behavior than on climate anxiety or fear, the data are also mixed. The evidence on how different cognitions affect behavior is somewhat clearer. A high risk perception of climate change thus appears to have a positive impact on both intentions to act in a climate-friendly manner (Smith & Mayer, 2018; Spence et al., 2012; Xie et al., 2019) and actual behavior (Blennow et al., 2012; Fahad & Wang, 2018; van Valkengoed & Steg, 2019). Perceived efficacy also appears to be an important predictor of pro-environmental behavior, as a high risk perception is more strongly associated with climate-friendly behavior the higher the perceived efficacy of one's own actions (Wang, 2021; Tannenbaum et al., 2015). The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM; Witte, 1992) highlights the significance of combining high risk perception (as one of the two components of perceived threat) with high perceived effectiveness when communicating a potential threat in order to predict specific adaptive behavior. Initially developed for health communication, the EPPM has been applied to other potential threats, including climate change. The evidence on the transfer of EPPM predictions to climate messages and human behavior continues to be inconsistent and, in some cases, empirically unsupported. This inconsistency may be partly explained by the the-ory's lack of consistency in the operational definitions of some of its constructs (Popova, 2012). Therefore, the present study, rather than focusing on specific predictions and constructs of the EPPM, adopts the idea of the effectiveness of a combination of a 'negative' cognition (high risk perception) and a 'positive' cognition (high perceived efficacy), and extends it by including an emotion that matches each cognition (fear/anxiety and hope). As cognitions and emotions can be influenced by various factors, such as journalism or the media, an experiment will be conducted to investigate how different journalistic styles of reporting on climate change influence pro-environmental behavior via the indirect effect of cognitions and emotions.

In today's world, there are many crises, and climate change is one of the most challenging crises of our time. Engaging society to address climate change constructively and collectively is particularly difficult due to the abstract nature and non-immediate consequences of climate change (Preuss, 1991; Weber, 2010). Journalism plays a crucial role in mobilizing society by influencing various factors such as cognition and emotion (Peters, 2011). However, the extent to which emotions influence pro-environmental behavior is not well understood, even though cognition and emotions are known to be important in mobilizing society to act (Kollmuss & Agyeman, 2002; Preuss, 1991; Fliegenschnee & Schelakov-sky, 1998). The effect of climate fear or anxiety on pro-environmental behavior, in particular, remains unclear. The evidence for the influence of climate fear or anxiety on pro-environmental behavior is heterogeneous and the subject of controversial scientific debate. While there are fewer studies on the influence of hope on pro-environmental behavior than on climate anxiety or fear, the data are also mixed. The evidence on how different cognitions affect behavior is somewhat clearer. A high risk perception of climate change thus appears to have a positive impact on both intentions to act in a climate-friendly manner (Smith & Mayer, 2018; Spence et al., 2012; Xie et al., 2019) and actual behavior (Blennow et al., 2012; Fahad & Wang, 2018; van Valkengoed & Steg, 2019). Perceived efficacy also appears to be an important predictor of pro-environmental behavior, as a high risk perception is more strongly associated with climate-friendly behavior the higher the perceived efficacy of one's own actions (Wang, 2021; Tannenbaum et al., 2015). The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM; Witte, 1992) highlights the significance of combining high risk perception (as one of the two components of perceived threat) with high perceived effectiveness when communicating a potential threat in order to predict specific adaptive behavior. Initially developed for health communication, the EPPM has been applied to other potential threats, including climate change. The evidence on the transfer of EPPM predictions to climate messages and human behavior continues to be inconsistent and, in some cases, empirically unsupported. This inconsistency may be partly explained by the the-ory's lack of consistency in the operational definitions of some of its constructs (Popova, 2012). Therefore, the present study, rather than focusing on specific predictions and constructs of the EPPM, adopts the idea of the effectiveness of a combination of a 'negative' cognition (high risk perception) and a 'positive' cognition (high perceived efficacy), and extends it by including an emotion that matches each cognition (fear/anxiety and hope). As cognitions and emotions can be influenced by various factors, such as journalism or the media, an experiment will be conducted to investigate how different journalistic styles of reporting on climate change influence pro-environmental behavior via the indirect effect of cognitions and emotions.

Recenzja z : Roczniki Psychologiczne T.9, nr 2 (2006).

Data for the article "Attentional Control and Estimation of the Probability of Positive and Negative Events"

Data for the article "Attentional Control and Estimation of the Probability of Positive and Negative Events"

We attempt to examine the impact of AI chatbots on cognitive and emotional outcomes among people who are experiencing depression through experiments. Also, the psychological mechanism of the general population during chatbot usage will be clarified.

Recent work demonstrates that older adults make fewer utilitarian decisions during moral dilemmas than younger adults, and that this behavior is partially accounted for by older adults’ experience of increased negative emotion during the dilemmas, as well as, higher report of moral idealism (McNair et al., 2019). According to the dual process theory of moral decision-making, endorsing the utilitarian option during moral dilemmas involves cognitive control processes associated with the lateral prefrontal cortices that allow the individual to override their initial emotional response elicited by the dilemmas (Greene, 2007; Greene et al., 2008). As advancing age is associated with increased atrophy of lateral prefrontal cortices (Raz, 1997) and decreases in cognitive control (Hartshorne & Germine, 2015; Park, 2000), it is possible that the observed age differences in moral decision-making may reflect older adult inability to override their initial emotional response due to declines in cognitive control ability. However, it is also possible that motivation and associated emotion regulation also play a part in older adult moral decision-making. By recognizing their time to live as more limited than younger adults, older adults experience a motivational shift to focus on emotional goals, and specifically maximize positive experiences (Lang & Carstensen, 2002). This can lead to attempts to maximize social cohesion during conflict (Luong et al., 2011), and consistently engaged emotion regulation strategies are thought to account for positivity biases in attention and memory in older adults (Lang & Carstensen). In parallel to these age-related shifts in motivation, mortality salience (Tremoliere et al., 2012) and positive mood inductions (Strohminger et al., 2011; but see: Valdesolo & DeSteno, 2006) are both demonstrated as shifting younger adult responses away from the utilitarian option. In this case, it is possible that motivational shifts as demarcated by a limited temporal horizon and emotion regulation strategy use, may account for age differences in moral decision-making rather than older adult declines in cognitive control. It is also possible that either age-related changes in cognitive control and/or motivation could shift moral acceptability ratings of proposed interventions during moral dilemmas. Also, to our knowledge no study has examined subjective effort when making decisions on these types of dilemmas in older and younger adults. Similar to decisions, as well as, moral acceptability ratings, age-related declines in cognitive control or motivational changes could make responses to these dilemmas more effortful for older adults compared to younger adults. Here we sought to first replicate previous work (McNair et al., 2019) demonstrating that compared to younger adults, older adults endorse fewer utilitarian decisions and generally rate the utilitarian option as less morally acceptable. We also sought to examine the relationship between advancing age and responses to moral dilemmas, moral acceptability of proposed interventions, and subjective effort during dilemmas. Next we sought to determine whether age-related declines in working memory performance or age-related shifts in motivation mediate the relationship between age on moral decision-making, moral acceptability ratings of proposed interventions, and subjective effort during the task.

This article is from Frontiers in Psychology , volume 5 . Abstract Emotions play a crucial role in appraisal of experiences and environments and in guiding thoughts and actions. Moreover, executive function (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) have received much attention, not only for positive associations with children’s social–emotional functioning, but also for potential central roles in cognitive functioning. In one conceptualization of ER (Campos etal., 2004), processes of ER, and those of emotional expression and experience (hereafter referred to as emotionality) are highly related and reciprocal; yet, there has been little research on young children’s EF that focuses on emotionality, although it is easily observed within a classroom. The two goals of the study were to: (1) investigate the relatively unexplored role of emotionality in the development of EF in early childhood and (2) assess the relations between an observational rating of EF obtained after direct assessment with a standardized EF rating scale. We predicted that observed emotionality and EF would both demonstrate stability and predict one another within and across time. 175 children aged 35–60 months were recruited from Head Start and private childcare centers. Using partial least squares modeling, we chose T1 emotionality as the exogenous variable and tested pathways between emotionality and EF across two time points, 6 months apart. Results showed that both T1 observed EF and emotionality predicted their respective T2 counterparts, supporting the idea that both constructs build upon existing systems. Further, T1 emotionality predicted T1 observed EF and the T2 BRIEF-P composite. In turn, T1 observed EF predicted emotionality and the T2 BRIEF-P composite. These findings fit with literature on older populations in which EF and emotionality have been related, yet are the first to report such relations in early childhood. Last, T1 observed EF’s positive prediction of the T2 BRIEF-P composite lends credence to the use of both EF measures in applied and research settings.

This article is from Frontiers in Psychology , volume 5 . Abstract Emotions play a crucial role in appraisal of experiences and environments and in guiding thoughts and actions. Moreover, executive function (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) have received much attention, not only for positive associations with children’s social–emotional functioning, but also for potential central roles in cognitive functioning. In one conceptualization of ER (Campos etal., 2004), processes of ER, and those of emotional expression and experience (hereafter referred to as emotionality) are highly related and reciprocal; yet, there has been little research on young children’s EF that focuses on emotionality, although it is easily observed within a classroom. The two goals of the study were to: (1) investigate the relatively unexplored role of emotionality in the development of EF in early childhood and (2) assess the relations between an observational rating of EF obtained after direct assessment with a standardized EF rating scale. We predicted that observed emotionality and EF would both demonstrate stability and predict one another within and across time. 175 children aged 35–60 months were recruited from Head Start and private childcare centers. Using partial least squares modeling, we chose T1 emotionality as the exogenous variable and tested pathways between emotionality and EF across two time points, 6 months apart. Results showed that both T1 observed EF and emotionality predicted their respective T2 counterparts, supporting the idea that both constructs build upon existing systems. Further, T1 emotionality predicted T1 observed EF and the T2 BRIEF-P composite. In turn, T1 observed EF predicted emotionality and the T2 BRIEF-P composite. These findings fit with literature on older populations in which EF and emotionality have been related, yet are the first to report such relations in early childhood. Last, T1 observed EF’s positive prediction of the T2 BRIEF-P composite lends credence to the use of both EF measures in applied and research settings.

In this study we show that the conscious and unconscious, this is only one, transitioning the role of clarity. This shows us the way forward, to educate these rhythms in a scientific way (demonstrable in the laboratory) to apply the methodology multiple re-educator genesis of adverse mental processes. Annotation of relevance: In psychoanalytic theory, Dr. S. Freud showed a conscious and unconscious, as if it was two different elements. In this study we show that there is only a gradual aware that depending on the degree drift to less conscious. When it is less conscious, as shown in the study, there is a predominance of slow waves, however when there is a gradual increase of being conscious causes an increased beta and gamma brain rhythm. In short: There is only one conscious and this consciousness is gradual.

Education is a term which is to draw out the innate abilities and talents of children leading them out of the darkness of ignorance to the light of knowledge about our surroundings, art, and culture. As J. J. ROUSSEAU said "Plants are developed by cultivation and men by education" not simply physically but also spiritually. Homo Sapiens or our species are the beings who think, also the beings who learn, and the beings who simultaneously experience a rich variety of affective emotional states, including a selected suite of emotional states specifically and directly related to learning. In this paper, the relevance of emotion, cognition, and creativity from both end teachers and students as well have been acknowledged in allowing for emotions to surface in the classroom to allow for a deeper transformative process to occur in their students. The concept of affect in learning or emotions in learning is the same innovative pedagogy that would be intervened with a meaningful strategy or tactics. Artistic disciplines including music, dance, theatre, visual arts, literary arts, and media arts have a positive effect on children's and adolescents' social-emotional learning in which emotion- a multidisciplinary inquiry in perspectives of art discourses. Just as the art practices must be cultivated into long-term art competencies through guidance and instruction, the social-emotional components of these activities must be cultivated into long-term social-emotional competencies or students' development of individual and interpersonal skills beyond the realm of academic achievement. In closing, the paper calls for the centrality of courage and freedom in allowing emotions to become a form of innovative art pedagogy in the transformative learning of the younger generation.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the role of emotions and cognition in predicting support for progressive taxation. Specifically, we here focus on income taxes, a form of wealth redistribution that provides some compensation for existing inequities while deterring top earners from engaging in aggressive negotiation for ever-increasing wages. Experimental evidence suggests that people prefer more equal societies, but when they are asked to propose adjustments to the current tax system, they tend to lower taxes on the poor but not raise taxes on the wealthy (Maass et al., in prep.). This apparent contradiction begs for an explanation. Among the small niche of articles published on this topic, Hennighausen and Heinemann (2015) found that the reluctance to support progressive taxation is partially explained by fairness considerations and beliefs on the role of effort for economic success. Roberts and colleagues (1994) provide initial evidence that people are more inclined to support progressivity when described in abstract - instead of specific - terms. The hesitancy to support progressivity can therefore be interpreted as a lack of understanding of how a progressive tax system truly works. Moreover, we hypothesize that support for progressivity will also be associated with negative emotions related to taxes.

Examining the influence of engaging in cognitive processes on subsequent, unrelated emotional responses.

The aim of the proposed secondary analyses is to investigate the relationships between executive function, emotion regulation, stress, and health in a large, nationwide dataset.

The aim of the proposed secondary analyses is to investigate the relationships between executive function, emotion regulation, stress, and health in a large, nationwide dataset.

The aim of the proposed secondary analyses is to investigate the relationships between executive function, emotion regulation, stress, and health in a large, nationwide dataset.

The primary tasks of a cognitive system is to survive and to maximize a life-long utility function, like the number of offsprings. A direct computational maximization of life-long utility is however not possible in complex environments, especially in the context, of real-world time constraints. The central role of emotions is to serve as an intermediate layer in the space of policies available to agents and animals, leading to a large dimensional reduction of complexity. We review our current understanding of the functional role of emotions, stressing the role of the neuromodulators mediating emotions for the diffusive homeostatic control system of the brain. We discuss a recent proposal, that emotional diffusive control is characterized, in contrast to neutral diffusive control, by interaction effects, viz by interferences between emotional arousal and reward signaling. Several proposals for the realization of synthetic emotions are discussed in this context, together with key open issues regarding the interplay between emotional motivational drives and diffusive control.

The primary tasks of a cognitive system is to survive and to maximize a life-long utility function, like the number of offsprings. A direct computational maximization of life-long utility is however not possible in complex environments, especially in the context, of real-world time constraints. The central role of emotions is to serve as an intermediate layer in the space of policies available to agents and animals, leading to a large dimensional reduction of complexity. We review our current understanding of the functional role of emotions, stressing the role of the neuromodulators mediating emotions for the diffusive homeostatic control system of the brain. We discuss a recent proposal, that emotional diffusive control is characterized, in contrast to neutral diffusive control, by interaction effects, viz by interferences between emotional arousal and reward signaling. Several proposals for the realization of synthetic emotions are discussed in this context, together with key open issues regarding the interplay between emotional motivational drives and diffusive control.

The primary tasks of a cognitive system is to survive and to maximize a life-long utility function, like the number of offsprings. A direct computational maximization of life-long utility is however not possible in complex environments, especially in the context, of real-world time constraints. The central role of emotions is to serve as an intermediate layer in the space of policies available to agents and animals, leading to a large dimensional reduction of complexity. We review our current understanding of the functional role of emotions, stressing the role of the neuromodulators mediating emotions for the diffusive homeostatic control system of the brain. We discuss a recent proposal, that emotional diffusive control is characterized, in contrast to neutral diffusive control, by interaction effects, viz by interferences between emotional arousal and reward signaling. Several proposals for the realization of synthetic emotions are discussed in this context, together with key open issues regarding the interplay between emotional motivational drives and diffusive control.

The primary tasks of a cognitive system is to survive and to maximize a life-long utility function, like the number of offsprings. A direct computational maximization of life-long utility is however not possible in complex environments, especially in the context, of real-world time constraints. The central role of emotions is to serve as an intermediate layer in the space of policies available to agents and animals, leading to a large dimensional reduction of complexity. We review our current understanding of the functional role of emotions, stressing the role of the neuromodulators mediating emotions for the diffusive homeostatic control system of the brain. We discuss a recent proposal, that emotional diffusive control is characterized, in contrast to neutral diffusive control, by interaction effects, viz by interferences between emotional arousal and reward signaling. Several proposals for the realization of synthetic emotions are discussed in this context, together with key open issues regarding the interplay between emotional motivational drives and diffusive control.

The primary tasks of a cognitive system is to survive and to maximize a life-long utility function, like the number of offsprings. A direct computational maximization of life-long utility is however not possible in complex environments, especially in the context, of real-world time constraints. The central role of emotions is to serve as an intermediate layer in the space of policies available to agents and animals, leading to a large dimensional reduction of complexity. We review our current understanding of the functional role of emotions, stressing the role of the neuromodulators mediating emotions for the diffusive homeostatic control system of the brain. We discuss a recent proposal, that emotional diffusive control is characterized, in contrast to neutral diffusive control, by interaction effects, viz by interferences between emotional arousal and reward signaling. Several proposals for the realization of synthetic emotions are discussed in this context, together with key open issues regarding the interplay between emotional motivational drives and diffusive control.

Space use horticulture systems are currently being developed and will be an important part in long duration space exploration. However, it is mostly unknown what effect exposure to these systems (specific LED lights and plants) will have on people. While exposure to nature is often associated with reduced stress, increased cognitive performance and positive emotion, research investigating LED lit environments has found effects vary depending on the lighting qualities (e.g., wavelength, intensity) among other factors. No published studies could be identified that investigate the effects of the light necessary to grow plants without sunlight. Therefore, utilizing a within-subjects design, this study will compare the short-term effects of sitting near two horticulture models: one with the light optimized for plant growth, the other, a normalized white light. Effects for emotional affect will be measured via the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), emotional arousal via the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS), cognition via the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), and indicators of stress (cognitive performance and heart rate variability) measured during the Montreal Stress Imaging Test (MIST). Implications will include guiding further research aimed at developing horticulture systems which optimize both plant growth and their effect on humans in space and comparable indoor environments on earth.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies of emotion, personality, and social cognition have drawn much attention in recent years, with high-profile studies frequently reporting extremely high (e.g., > 8) correlations between behavioral and self-report measures of personality or emotion and measures of brain activation. We show that these correlations often exceed what is statistically possible assuming the (evidently rather limited) reliability of both fMRI and personality/emotion measures. The implausibly high correlations are all the more puzzling because method sections rarely contain sufficient detail to ascertain how these correlations were obtained. We surveyed authors of 54 articles that reported findings of this kind to determine a few details on how these correlations were computed. More than half acknowledged using a strategy that computes separate correlations for individual voxels, and reports means of just the subset of voxels exceeding chosen thresholds. We show how this non-independent analysis grossly inflates correlations, while yielding reassuring-looking scattergrams. This analysis technique was used to obtain the vast majority of the implausibly high correlations in our survey sample. In addition, we argue that other analysis problems likely created entirely spurious correlations in some cases. We outline how the data from these studies could be reanalyzed with unbiased methods to provide the field with accurate estimates of the correlations in question. We urge authors to perform such reanalyses and to correct the scientific record. (Contains 19 footnotes, 6 figures and 1 table.) [This article was printed in the in-press version of: "Perspectives on Psychological Science" (May 2009). Its contents may differ from the final published version.]