Explore: *particle Beams

photoelectric effect to separate particles from their substrate. Neutron beams may be created by energetic proton beams which impact on a target, e.g. of

by several names: particle accelerator guns, ion cannons, proton beams, lightning rays, rayguns, etc. The concept of particle-beam weapons comes from

in particle physics (see Particle beam#Applications and Electron-beam technology). Such beams can be split into two main classes: unbunched beams (coasting

energies to contain them in well-defined beams. Small accelerators are used for fundamental research in particle physics. Accelerators are also used as

The particles for cyclotron beams are produced in ion sources of various types. Proton beams The simplest type of cyclotron beam, proton beams are typically

a type of particle accelerator that brings two opposing particle beams together such that the particles collide. Compared to other particle accelerators

These fields provide simultaneous acceleration and focusing to injected particle beams. Beginning in the 1960s, scientists at Stanford and elsewhere began

Particle therapy is a form of external beam radiotherapy using beams of energetic neutrons, protons, or other heavier positive ions for cancer treatment

materials, a method known as ion implantation. Particle accelerators can also produce neutrino beams. Neutron beams are mostly produced by nuclear reactors.

the crossing points. The LHC primarily collides proton beams, but it can also accelerate beams of heavy ions, such as in lead–lead collisions and proton–lead