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This paper reviews human development theories that could be utilized in the study of museums as well as theories or approaches to curiosity that appear to be of significant interest for museum exhibit designers and educators. An overview of each theory is followed by a general evaluation of the theory and research that appears relevant. The implications for practice as well as potential future directions for research in informal settings also are discussed. (55 references) (DB)

Purpose: Institutional repositories provide a new infrastructure for the scientific information management in universities. They can fulfill the internal and external needs if set optimally. Many universities in Iran have decided to develop their institutional repository but they have not applied a systematic planning for it yet. These attempts are based on unorganized frameworks and structures. Methodology: This study seeks to find the most effective and efficient factors that can affect the institutional repositories’ development. A thorough search was conducted to identify the related literature on the institutional repositories from 2000 to2010). A conceptual content analysis was conducted on the literature. The analysis of the 41 studies revealed that the concepts which were found in the institutional repository literature can be grouped into 6 major themes of strategy, policy, documentation, management/administration, system, and use. Findings: This paper makes an original contribution to identifying the criteria of developing institutional repositories based on the information systems theories and offering a framework to take them into account

Purpose: Institutional repositories provide a new infrastructure for the scientific information management in universities. They can fulfill the internal and external needs if set optimally. Many universities in Iran have decided to develop their institutional repository but they have not applied a systematic planning for it yet. These attempts are based on unorganized frameworks and structures. Methodology: This study seeks to find the most effective and efficient factors that can affect the institutional repositories’ development. A thorough search was conducted to identify the related literature on the institutional repositories from 2000 to2010). A conceptual content analysis was conducted on the literature. The analysis of the 41 studies revealed that the concepts which were found in the institutional repository literature can be grouped into 6 major themes of strategy, policy, documentation, management/administration, system, and use. Findings: This paper makes an original contribution to identifying the criteria of developing institutional repositories based on the information systems theories and offering a framework to take them into account

"Laboratory Work by the Student of Chemistry Should Be Subordinate and Auxiliary to the Development of Facts, Principles and Theories by the Teacher" is an article from Science, Volume 22 . View more articles from Science . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1767199

Most three dimensional constitutive relations that have been developed to describe the behavior of bodies are correlated against one dimensional and two dimensional experiments. What is usually lost sight of is the fact that infinity of such three dimensional models may be able to explain these experiments that are lower dimensional. Recently, the notion of maximization of the rate of entropy production has been used to obtain constitutive relations based on the choice of the stored energy and rate of entropy production, etc. In this paper we show different choices for the manner in which the body stores energy and dissipates energy and satisfies the requirement of maximization of the rate of entropy production that leads to many three dimensional models. All of these models, in one dimension, reduce to the model proposed by Burgers to describe the viscoelastic behavior of bodies.

Most three dimensional constitutive relations that have been developed to describe the behavior of bodies are correlated against one dimensional and two dimensional experiments. What is usually lost sight of is the fact that infinity of such three dimensional models may be able to explain these experiments that are lower dimensional. Recently, the notion of maximization of the rate of entropy production has been used to obtain constitutive relations based on the choice of the stored energy and rate of entropy production, etc. In this paper we show different choices for the manner in which the body stores energy and dissipates energy and satisfies the requirement of maximization of the rate of entropy production that leads to many three dimensional models. All of these models, in one dimension, reduce to the model proposed by Burgers to describe the viscoelastic behavior of bodies.

Most three dimensional constitutive relations that have been developed to describe the behavior of bodies are correlated against one dimensional and two dimensional experiments. What is usually lost sight of is the fact that infinity of such three dimensional models may be able to explain these experiments that are lower dimensional. Recently, the notion of maximization of the rate of entropy production has been used to obtain constitutive relations based on the choice of the stored energy and rate of entropy production, etc. In this paper we show different choices for the manner in which the body stores energy and dissipates energy and satisfies the requirement of maximization of the rate of entropy production that leads to many three dimensional models. All of these models, in one dimension, reduce to the model proposed by Burgers to describe the viscoelastic behavior of bodies.

Most three dimensional constitutive relations that have been developed to describe the behavior of bodies are correlated against one dimensional and two dimensional experiments. What is usually lost sight of is the fact that infinity of such three dimensional models may be able to explain these experiments that are lower dimensional. Recently, the notion of maximization of the rate of entropy production has been used to obtain constitutive relations based on the choice of the stored energy and rate of entropy production, etc. In this paper we show different choices for the manner in which the body stores energy and dissipates energy and satisfies the requirement of maximization of the rate of entropy production that leads to many three dimensional models. All of these models, in one dimension, reduce to the model proposed by Burgers to describe the viscoelastic behavior of bodies.

Most three dimensional constitutive relations that have been developed to describe the behavior of bodies are correlated against one dimensional and two dimensional experiments. What is usually lost sight of is the fact that infinity of such three dimensional models may be able to explain these experiments that are lower dimensional. Recently, the notion of maximization of the rate of entropy production has been used to obtain constitutive relations based on the choice of the stored energy and rate of entropy production, etc. In this paper we show different choices for the manner in which the body stores energy and dissipates energy and satisfies the requirement of maximization of the rate of entropy production that leads to many three dimensional models. All of these models, in one dimension, reduce to the model proposed by Burgers to describe the viscoelastic behavior of bodies.

1 volume ; 24 cm

1 volume ; 24 cm

1 volume ; 24 cm

1 volume ; 24 cm

1 volume ; 24 cm

These seven theories of career development are examined in previous chapters: (1) Roe's personality theory, (2) Holland's career typology theory, (3) the Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrod, and Herma Theory, (4) psychoanalytic conceptions, (5) Super's developmental self-concept theory, (6) other personality theories, and (7) social systems theories. Osipow contrasts them with regard to their strengths and weaknesses by two general criteria. Formal adequacy subsumes: (1) explanatory adequacy, (2) empirical support, (3) generality, (4) parsimony, (5) operational adequacy, and (6) logical consistency. The understanding of career development includes: (1) normal development, (2) problems in career development, (3) facilitation or modification of career behavior, (4) critical periods and agents, (5) the role of interests, (6) the role of aptitudes, and (7) the role of the family. Osipow evaluates not to find the superior theory, but to show in which context each is most likely to be useful. He finds them generally lacking in formal adequacy, and finds differences between theories in choice of emphasis, suitable research methods, and the degree that relationships between events are specified. (BP)

164 p. 23 cm

164 p. 23 cm

164 p. 23 cm

164 p. 23 cm

164 p. 23 cm

Cognitive psychologists have invested considerable effort into developing models of causal selection in social settings. This research has illuminated a number of factors that influence people's assessments of causality, such as the probabilities of counterfactual realities or the moral valence of people's actions, among others. We are aiming to collect a large-scale quantitative dataset that systematically manipulates several of these known factors in order to provide a precise quantitative test of different theories of causal selection and aid in the development of new theories.

Cognitive psychologists have invested considerable effort into developing models of causal selection in social settings. This research has illuminated a number of factors that influence people's assessments of causality, such as the probabilities of counterfactual realities or the moral valence of people's actions, among others. We are aiming to collect a large-scale quantitative dataset that systematically manipulates several of these known factors in order to provide a precise quantitative test of different theories of causal selection and aid in the development of new theories.

Cognitive psychologists have invested considerable effort into developing models of causal selection in social settings. This research has illuminated a number of factors that influence people's assessments of causality, such as the probabilities of counterfactual realities or the moral valence of people's actions, among others. We are aiming to collect a large-scale quantitative dataset that systematically manipulates several of these known factors in order to provide a precise quantitative test of different theories of causal selection and aid in the development of new theories.

This conference report is centered on that phase of the Targeted Research and Development Program in Reading literature search dealing with language development as it relates to reading. Models of language acquisition, hypotheses derived from the models, and comparisons of synthesized models are discussed. Among them are behaviorist (Skinner), cognitive (Chomsky), and concept acquisition (Brown) models, and relationships are drawn both among the models and between them and the work of Piaget in developing an organismic-developmental model. The work of Lenneburg and Carrol is also discussed at some length. Implications of each of these models for reading instruction are discussed. The behaviorist models suggest programed instruction beginning with simple units and proceeding to larger ones; the cognitive models suggest development of verbal abilities prior to reading instruction; and the developmental models suggest that learning during early school years might better employ methods other than those requiring abstract symbols. All of the models suggest the importance of classification abilities and acquaintance with the dialect of reading materials before instruction begins. References are included. (MS)

This study will aim to map the international scientific production on middle-range theories in nursing.

Volume I of this report presents the results of a research program to evaluate and develop water-theories for engineering application. Volume II presents wave tables developed for preliminary design in offshore problems. Volume I describes: (1) an evaluation of the degree to which various available wave theories satisfy the nonlinear water-wave mathematical formulation and (2) a comparison of water particle velocities measured in the laboratory with those predicted by a number of available wave theories. The results indicated that Dean's Stream-Function Wave Theory provided generally better agreement with both the mathematical formulation and the laboratory data. Volume I also includes a number of examples illustrating the application of the wave tables (described below) to offshore design problems. Based on the evaluation phase described above, a set of wave tables was developed and is presented as Volume II. The tables consist of dimensionless quantities which describe the kinematic and dynamic fields of a two-dimensional progressive water wave. In addition, quantities are included which are directly applicable to frequently required design calculations and also parameters which should be of interest to the researcher and scientist. (Author)

Volume I of this report presents the results of a research program to evaluate and develop water-theories for engineering application. Volume II presents wave tables developed for preliminary design in offshore problems. Volume I describes: (1) an evaluation of the degree to which various available wave theories satisfy the nonlinear water-wave mathematical formulation and (2) a comparison of water particle velocities measured in the laboratory with those predicted by a number of available wave theories. The results indicated that Dean's Stream-Function Wave Theory provided generally better agreement with both the mathematical formulation and the laboratory data. Volume I also includes a number of examples illustrating the application of the wave tables (described below) to offshore design problems. Based on the evaluation phase described above, a set of wave tables was developed and is presented as Volume II. The tables consist of dimensionless quantities which describe the kinematic and dynamic fields of a two-dimensional progressive water wave. In addition, quantities are included which are directly applicable to frequently required design calculations and also parameters which should be of interest to the researcher and scientist. (Author)

Volume I of this report presents the results of a research program to evaluate and develop water-theories for engineering application. Volume II presents wave tables developed for preliminary design in offshore problems. Volume I describes: (1) an evaluation of the degree to which various available wave theories satisfy the nonlinear water-wave mathematical formulation and (2) a comparison of water particle velocities measured in the laboratory with those predicted by a number of available wave theories. The results indicated that Dean's Stream-Function Wave Theory provided generally better agreement with both the mathematical formulation and the laboratory data. Volume I also includes a number of examples illustrating the application of the wave tables (described below) to offshore design problems. Based on the evaluation phase described above, a set of wave tables was developed and is presented as Volume II. The tables consist of dimensionless quantities which describe the kinematic and dynamic fields of a two-dimensional progressive water wave. In addition, quantities are included which are directly applicable to frequently required design calculations and also parameters which should be of interest to the researcher and scientist. (Author)

Pub. also as author's thesis (PH. D.) Columbia University

This study tries to illustrate how management accounting concepts and practices have developed. Towards this end, we choose to read scholarly works. As part of our research, we looked into the background of management accounting and zeroed in on the development of the management control structure. To further understand the background and practical utility of management accounting, we also examined pre-existing ideas in the field. The ultimate purpose of this study is to serve as a guide for academics and students by detailing the development of management accounting theory and the practices that have led to its current status. The study does more than just describe the many management accounting theories already out there; it also analyses the major criticisms levelled against each, providing a foundation for additional study.

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The current study is part of a series, and forms part of an ongoing project exploring the relationship of implicit group theories with generalised prejudice in adults and children. Following on from the previous studies, the current study aims to assess the reliability and factor structure of Implicit Group Theory (IGT) items, as well as measuring attitudes and willingness for contact with multiple societal groups. the studies will recruit adults, adolescents (12-14 years old) and children (9- 0 years old) to account for any developmental change. The IGT scale includes items related to the perceived malleability, permeability and homogeneity of groups in society, as well as elements of social essentialism. As part of the development of the IGT scale, SDO and RWA will be measured to assess convergent validity, and empathy will be measured to assess discriminant validity. Given the theoretical relevance of Need for Closure to entity based thinking, items related to the NFC facets order and predictability are also measured. Items from the previous study related to Intergroup Relations will also be included. All three age groups included in the study will be presented with identical or like-for like items; adults will be presented with more items than children and adolescents due to time issues. The three studies may form one future article, or several distinct but related articles.

The current study is part of a series, and forms part of an ongoing project exploring the relationship of implicit group theories with generalised prejudice in adults and children. Following on from the previous studies, the current study aims to assess the reliability and factor structure of Implicit Group Theory (IGT) items, as well as measuring attitudes and willingness for contact with multiple societal groups. the studies will recruit adults, adolescents (12-14 years old) and children (9- 0 years old) to account for any developmental change. The IGT scale includes items related to the perceived malleability, permeability and homogeneity of groups in society, as well as elements of social essentialism. As part of the development of the IGT scale, SDO and RWA will be measured to assess convergent validity, and empathy will be measured to assess discriminant validity. Given the theoretical relevance of Need for Closure to entity based thinking, items related to the NFC facets order and predictability are also measured. Items from the previous study related to Intergroup Relations will also be included. All three age groups included in the study will be presented with identical or like-for like items; adults will be presented with more items than children and adolescents due to time issues. The three studies may form one future article, or several distinct but related articles.

Conducting the right amount of training is critical and a scientific basis for scheduling refresher or maintenance training is required. While some scientific literature exists on scheduling of individual training on procedural tasks, the CF operates at an organisational level with an increasing high level of technology and with a growing emphasis on cognitive tasks. This paper reviews published and unpublished data and theory from the military research and development community pertaining to the retention of collective and cognitive skills as a step toward fielding a validated model of collective and cognitive skill retention. Electronic sources and an international panel of scientists were consulted to collect available data for review. Review of the selected material revealed five factors: task variables, structure of the collective, collective membership, individual differences, and training. Only one developed model of collective skill retention was found. This model was reviewed in conjunction with other models related to retention of individual skills. None are broad enough in scope in terms of the factors covered or sufficiently well validated to serve as a satisfactory foundation for predicting retention of collective performance. A plan for developing a model of collective skill retention is proposed.

Development of Gravity Theories in the View of TRAPPIST-1e 后印本 作者： Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Lu, Hui-Gen Liu, An-Dong Chen, Tiger Lu, Ao-Ran Cui and Jun-Kai Wang 1 作者单位： 1. Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Lu, Hui-Gen Liu, An-Dong Chen, Tiger Lu, Ao-Ran Cui and Jun-Kai Wang 提交时间： 2025-02-25 10:58:36 摘要: Contrary to the solar system, most exoplanet systems detected hitherto are close-in and compact. One typical system is TRAPPIST-1, which has seven nearly co-planar terrestrial planets all within the orbit of Mercury, including three in the habitable zone. To evaluate the differences in developing sophisticated gravity theories from the solar system, we use N-body integrations to simulate ephemeris and reproduce some important astronomy phenomena observed on the potentially habitable planet TRAPPIST-1e. Retrograde motions of other planets last 1–2 orders of magnitude shorter than in the solar system, but occur much more frequently. Transit events of all inner planets can be observed steadily. Except for Kepler's first law, which is hard to notice for low eccentricities of planets, the other two laws can then be precisely verified in 102 days, because the areas swept by planets vary by ≲0.01% and the observed semimajor axes and periods result in constants with theoretical and observation accuracies both ≲2%. However, the mean motion correlation implies that the Great Inequality is not always apparent between one pair of planets like Jupiter and Saturn. Furthermore, general relativity can hardly be discovered because it gives rise to perihelion precession of inner planets only ~0.1% of gravity precession, dozens of times smaller than Mercury. Our results support the possibility of developing part of gravity theories by potential exo-civilizations in compact systems like TRAPPIST-1. 分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 期刊： Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 投稿状态： 已在期刊出版 引用： ChinaXiv:202502.00303 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202502.00303V1 ) DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ad9254 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202502.00303 推荐引用方式： Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Lu, Hui-Gen Liu, An-Dong Chen, Tiger Lu, Ao-Ran Cui and Jun-Kai Wang.Development of Gravity Theories in the View of TRAPPIST-1e.Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics:https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202502.00303.[ChinaXiv:202502.00303V1] 版本历史 [V1] 2025-02-25 10:58:36 ChinaXiv:202502.00303V1 下载全文

Development of Gravity Theories in the View of TRAPPIST-1e 后印本 作者： Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Lu, Hui-Gen Liu, An-Dong Chen, Tiger Lu, Ao-Ran Cui and Jun-Kai Wang 1 作者单位： 1. Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Lu, Hui-Gen Liu, An-Dong Chen, Tiger Lu, Ao-Ran Cui and Jun-Kai Wang 提交时间： 2025-02-25 10:58:36 摘要: Contrary to the solar system, most exoplanet systems detected hitherto are close-in and compact. One typical system is TRAPPIST-1, which has seven nearly co-planar terrestrial planets all within the orbit of Mercury, including three in the habitable zone. To evaluate the differences in developing sophisticated gravity theories from the solar system, we use N-body integrations to simulate ephemeris and reproduce some important astronomy phenomena observed on the potentially habitable planet TRAPPIST-1e. Retrograde motions of other planets last 1–2 orders of magnitude shorter than in the solar system, but occur much more frequently. Transit events of all inner planets can be observed steadily. Except for Kepler's first law, which is hard to notice for low eccentricities of planets, the other two laws can then be precisely verified in 102 days, because the areas swept by planets vary by ≲0.01% and the observed semimajor axes and periods result in constants with theoretical and observation accuracies both ≲2%. However, the mean motion correlation implies that the Great Inequality is not always apparent between one pair of planets like Jupiter and Saturn. Furthermore, general relativity can hardly be discovered because it gives rise to perihelion precession of inner planets only ~0.1% of gravity precession, dozens of times smaller than Mercury. Our results support the possibility of developing part of gravity theories by potential exo-civilizations in compact systems like TRAPPIST-1. 分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 期刊： Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 投稿状态： 已在期刊出版 引用： ChinaXiv:202502.00303 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202502.00303V1 ) DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ad9254 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202502.00303 推荐引用方式： Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Lu, Hui-Gen Liu, An-Dong Chen, Tiger Lu, Ao-Ran Cui and Jun-Kai Wang.Development of Gravity Theories in the View of TRAPPIST-1e.Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics:https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202502.00303.[ChinaXiv:202502.00303V1] 版本历史 [V1] 2025-02-25 10:58:36 ChinaXiv:202502.00303V1 下载全文

Development of Gravity Theories in the View of TRAPPIST-1e 后印本 作者： Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Lu, Hui-Gen Liu, An-Dong Chen, Tiger Lu, Ao-Ran Cui and Jun-Kai Wang 1 作者单位： 1. Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Lu, Hui-Gen Liu, An-Dong Chen, Tiger Lu, Ao-Ran Cui and Jun-Kai Wang 提交时间： 2025-02-25 10:58:36 摘要: Contrary to the solar system, most exoplanet systems detected hitherto are close-in and compact. One typical system is TRAPPIST-1, which has seven nearly co-planar terrestrial planets all within the orbit of Mercury, including three in the habitable zone. To evaluate the differences in developing sophisticated gravity theories from the solar system, we use N-body integrations to simulate ephemeris and reproduce some important astronomy phenomena observed on the potentially habitable planet TRAPPIST-1e. Retrograde motions of other planets last 1–2 orders of magnitude shorter than in the solar system, but occur much more frequently. Transit events of all inner planets can be observed steadily. Except for Kepler's first law, which is hard to notice for low eccentricities of planets, the other two laws can then be precisely verified in 102 days, because the areas swept by planets vary by ≲0.01% and the observed semimajor axes and periods result in constants with theoretical and observation accuracies both ≲2%. However, the mean motion correlation implies that the Great Inequality is not always apparent between one pair of planets like Jupiter and Saturn. Furthermore, general relativity can hardly be discovered because it gives rise to perihelion precession of inner planets only ~0.1% of gravity precession, dozens of times smaller than Mercury. Our results support the possibility of developing part of gravity theories by potential exo-civilizations in compact systems like TRAPPIST-1. 分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 期刊： Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 投稿状态： 已在期刊出版 引用： ChinaXiv:202502.00303 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202502.00303V1 ) DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ad9254 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202502.00303 推荐引用方式： Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Lu, Hui-Gen Liu, An-Dong Chen, Tiger Lu, Ao-Ran Cui and Jun-Kai Wang.Development of Gravity Theories in the View of TRAPPIST-1e.Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics:https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202502.00303.[ChinaXiv:202502.00303V1] 版本历史 [V1] 2025-02-25 10:58:36 ChinaXiv:202502.00303V1 下载全文

First Reprinting, 1963, Johnson Reprint Corporation

Understanding the connections between students' levels of intellectual development, their view of the nature of knowledge, and their developing argumentative writing skills is central to helping students learn to write good argumentation. The first researcher to develop a model of intellectual development among college students was William Perry in his study of students at Harvard University in the 1950s. Mary Field Belenky articulated a cognitive-developmental theory based on Perry's work but focused on the intellectual development of women. M. L. Davison and others developed a model of reflective judgment in college students and adults. The newest formulation of a model of adult cognitive development is Michael Basseches's model of dialectical thinking, a stage of cognitive development beyond Piaget's formal operations. Basseches does not address the issue of the influence of dialectical thinking on students' ability to form and write effective arguments, but his research suggests that level of dialectical thinking increases with level of formal education. A college English instructor is carrying out a study to attempt to learn which model of cognitive development best predicts success on an argumentative writing task in first-year composition. The instructor predicts that either the Perry scheme or the reflective judgment stage would more closely correlate with writing effectiveness. The next stage in this line of research would be to determine which curricula and instructional methods would best foster intellectual development and the ability to form effective arguments. (Contains 14 references.) (RS)

Understanding the connections between students' levels of intellectual development, their view of the nature of knowledge, and their developing argumentative writing skills is central to helping students learn to write good argumentation. The first researcher to develop a model of intellectual development among college students was William Perry in his study of students at Harvard University in the 1950s. Mary Field Belenky articulated a cognitive-developmental theory based on Perry's work but focused on the intellectual development of women. M. L. Davison and others developed a model of reflective judgment in college students and adults. The newest formulation of a model of adult cognitive development is Michael Basseches's model of dialectical thinking, a stage of cognitive development beyond Piaget's formal operations. Basseches does not address the issue of the influence of dialectical thinking on students' ability to form and write effective arguments, but his research suggests that level of dialectical thinking increases with level of formal education. A college English instructor is carrying out a study to attempt to learn which model of cognitive development best predicts success on an argumentative writing task in first-year composition. The instructor predicts that either the Perry scheme or the reflective judgment stage would more closely correlate with writing effectiveness. The next stage in this line of research would be to determine which curricula and instructional methods would best foster intellectual development and the ability to form effective arguments. (Contains 14 references.) (RS)

Understanding the connections between students' levels of intellectual development, their view of the nature of knowledge, and their developing argumentative writing skills is central to helping students learn to write good argumentation. The first researcher to develop a model of intellectual development among college students was William Perry in his study of students at Harvard University in the 1950s. Mary Field Belenky articulated a cognitive-developmental theory based on Perry's work but focused on the intellectual development of women. M. L. Davison and others developed a model of reflective judgment in college students and adults. The newest formulation of a model of adult cognitive development is Michael Basseches's model of dialectical thinking, a stage of cognitive development beyond Piaget's formal operations. Basseches does not address the issue of the influence of dialectical thinking on students' ability to form and write effective arguments, but his research suggests that level of dialectical thinking increases with level of formal education. A college English instructor is carrying out a study to attempt to learn which model of cognitive development best predicts success on an argumentative writing task in first-year composition. The instructor predicts that either the Perry scheme or the reflective judgment stage would more closely correlate with writing effectiveness. The next stage in this line of research would be to determine which curricula and instructional methods would best foster intellectual development and the ability to form effective arguments. (Contains 14 references.) (RS)

Understanding the connections between students' levels of intellectual development, their view of the nature of knowledge, and their developing argumentative writing skills is central to helping students learn to write good argumentation. The first researcher to develop a model of intellectual development among college students was William Perry in his study of students at Harvard University in the 1950s. Mary Field Belenky articulated a cognitive-developmental theory based on Perry's work but focused on the intellectual development of women. M. L. Davison and others developed a model of reflective judgment in college students and adults. The newest formulation of a model of adult cognitive development is Michael Basseches's model of dialectical thinking, a stage of cognitive development beyond Piaget's formal operations. Basseches does not address the issue of the influence of dialectical thinking on students' ability to form and write effective arguments, but his research suggests that level of dialectical thinking increases with level of formal education. A college English instructor is carrying out a study to attempt to learn which model of cognitive development best predicts success on an argumentative writing task in first-year composition. The instructor predicts that either the Perry scheme or the reflective judgment stage would more closely correlate with writing effectiveness. The next stage in this line of research would be to determine which curricula and instructional methods would best foster intellectual development and the ability to form effective arguments. (Contains 14 references.) (RS)

Book from the Archaeological Survey of India Central Archaeological Library, New Delhi Book Number: 6059 Book Title: Development of Hindu polity and political theories pt.1 Book Author: Bandyopadhaya, Narayan Chandra Book Language: English Number of Pages: 344 Publisher: C. O. Book; Calcutta; 1938 Subject: India, Politics and government; Ideology; State government, India Source URL: http://asi.nic.in/asi_books/6059.pdf Year: 1938

Book from the Archaeological Survey of India Central Archaeological Library, New Delhi Book Number: 6059 Book Title: Development of Hindu polity and political theories pt.1 Book Author: Bandyopadhaya, Narayan Chandra Book Language: English Number of Pages: 344 Publisher: C. O. Book; Calcutta; 1938 Subject: India, Politics and government; Ideology; State government, India Source URL: http://asi.nic.in/asi_books/6059.pdf Year: 1938

Book from the Archaeological Survey of India Central Archaeological Library, New Delhi Book Number: 6059 Book Title: Development of Hindu polity and political theories pt.1 Book Author: Bandyopadhaya, Narayan Chandra Book Language: English Number of Pages: 344 Publisher: C. O. Book; Calcutta; 1938 Subject: India, Politics and government; Ideology; State government, India Source URL: http://asi.nic.in/asi_books/6059.pdf Year: 1938

The purpose of this study is to investigate physical education teacher educators' subjective theories about sustainable development and education for sustainable development (ESD). It is assumed that their subjective theories are influencial for the acquisition of ESD-specific professional competencies of future PE teachers, and in turn effect how ESD is implemented in school physical education. Subjective theories will be assessed in a two-stage process. First, semi-structured interviews will be conducted to assess the contents of PE teacher's subjective theories. Second, structural maps of the subjective theories will be created through communicative validation.

This paper addresses and discusses traditional organizational leadership theories of the past and their relationship to more recent theoretical concepts and constructs of the present. Leadership theory is reviewed in an historical context and connections are made to current leadership literature and theory. The paper addresses how more recent theoretical concepts and identified leadership types provide a connection to organizational leadership and oversight supporting a culture of social justice in education and other organizational systems. (Contains 3 footnotes.)