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Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

The discovery of novel structural and physical properties in the $A$-site ordered manganite $R$BaMn$_2$O$_6$ ($R$ = Y and rare earth elements) has demanded new comprehension about perovskite manganese oxides. In the present study, the $A$-site disordered form $R$$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$ was successfully synthesized and compared with $R$BaMn$_2$O$_6$ in the structures and electromagnetic properties. $R$$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$ has a primitive cubic perovskite cell. Unexpectedly the magnetic glassy states are dominant as the ground state for $R$$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$. A peculiar behavior, the steplike ultrasharp magnetization and resistivity change, has been observed in Pr$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$.

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of California and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

ix, 188p. 24cm

This paper is in the public domain in USA. Metadata comes from the CrossRef API, see full record in the source URL below.

This article is from BMC Microbiology , volume 13 . Abstract Background: The emergence, resurgence and spread of human food-borne pathogenic Vibrios are one of the major contributors to disease burden and mortality particularly in developing countries with disputable sanitary conditions. Previous research on pathogenic Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolitycus derived from clinical samples has proposed links between acquisition of virulence and multiple drug resistance traits and intercellular transmissibility of mobile genetic elements in the environment. To date, very few information is available on environmental Vibrio isolates. In this study, we characterized eleven Vibrio strains bearing the SXT/R391-like integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) derived from aquatic products and environment in the Yangtze River Estuary, China. Results: The eleven Vibrio strains were isolated in 2010 to 2011, and taxonomically identified, which included six Vibrio cholerae, three Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one Vibrio alginolyticus and one Vibrio natriegens. Most of the strains displayed strong resistance phenotypes to ampicillin, mercury and chromium. The majority of their ICEs, which belong to S and R exclusion system groups, contain ICEs-chromosome junction sequences and highly conserved core-genes required for ICE transfer. However, comparative sequence analysis uncovered interesting diversity in their mosaic accessory gene structures, which carry many novel genes that have not been described in any known ICEs to date. In addition, antibiotic resistance was transmitted by ICEVchChn6 and ICEVpaChn1 from V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus to E. coli MG1655 via conjugation, respectively. Our data also revealed that the ICEs characterized in this study are phylogenetically distant from most of the SXT/R391 ICEs reported previously, which may represent a novel cluster likely shaped by the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Estuary, China. Conclusions: This study constitutes the first investigation of ICEs-positive Vibrio spp. in the Yangze River Estuary, China. The newly identified ICEs were characterized with mosaic accessory gene structures and many novel genes. The results demonstrated self-transmissibility of antibiotic resistance mediated by two of the ICEs from V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus to E. coli via conjugation, respectively. Our results also revealed that the ICEs examined in this study may represent a novel cluster in the SXT/R391 family.

This article is from BMC Microbiology , volume 13 . Abstract Background: The emergence, resurgence and spread of human food-borne pathogenic Vibrios are one of the major contributors to disease burden and mortality particularly in developing countries with disputable sanitary conditions. Previous research on pathogenic Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolitycus derived from clinical samples has proposed links between acquisition of virulence and multiple drug resistance traits and intercellular transmissibility of mobile genetic elements in the environment. To date, very few information is available on environmental Vibrio isolates. In this study, we characterized eleven Vibrio strains bearing the SXT/R391-like integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) derived from aquatic products and environment in the Yangtze River Estuary, China. Results: The eleven Vibrio strains were isolated in 2010 to 2011, and taxonomically identified, which included six Vibrio cholerae, three Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one Vibrio alginolyticus and one Vibrio natriegens. Most of the strains displayed strong resistance phenotypes to ampicillin, mercury and chromium. The majority of their ICEs, which belong to S and R exclusion system groups, contain ICEs-chromosome junction sequences and highly conserved core-genes required for ICE transfer. However, comparative sequence analysis uncovered interesting diversity in their mosaic accessory gene structures, which carry many novel genes that have not been described in any known ICEs to date. In addition, antibiotic resistance was transmitted by ICEVchChn6 and ICEVpaChn1 from V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus to E. coli MG1655 via conjugation, respectively. Our data also revealed that the ICEs characterized in this study are phylogenetically distant from most of the SXT/R391 ICEs reported previously, which may represent a novel cluster likely shaped by the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Estuary, China. Conclusions: This study constitutes the first investigation of ICEs-positive Vibrio spp. in the Yangze River Estuary, China. The newly identified ICEs were characterized with mosaic accessory gene structures and many novel genes. The results demonstrated self-transmissibility of antibiotic resistance mediated by two of the ICEs from V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus to E. coli via conjugation, respectively. Our results also revealed that the ICEs examined in this study may represent a novel cluster in the SXT/R391 family.

The cross-tie domain wall structure in micrometre and sub-micrometre wide patterned elements of NiFe, and a thickness range of 30 to 70nm, has been studied by Lorentz microscopy. Whilst the basic geometry of the cross-tie repeat units remains unchanged, their density increases when the cross-tie length is constrained to be smaller than the value associated with a continuous film. This occurs when element widths are sufficiently narrow or when the wall is forced to move close to an edge under the action of an applied field. To a very good approximation the cross-tie density scales with the inverse of the distance between the main wall and the element edge. The experiments show that in confined structures, the wall constantly modifies its form and that the need to generate, and subsequently annihilate, extra vortex/anti-vortex pairs constitutes an additional source of hysteresis.

Collective behavior is studied in globally coupled maps. Several coherent motions exist, even in fully desynchronized state. To characterize the collective behavior, we introduce scaling transformation of parameter, and detect the tongue-like structure of collective motions in parameter space. Such collective motion is supported by the separation of time scale, given by the self-consistent relationship between the collective motion and chaotic dynamics of each element. It is shown that the change of collective motion is related with the window structure of a single one-dimensional map. Formation and collapse of regular collective motion are understood as the internal bifurcation structure. Coexistence of multiple attractors with different collective behaviors is also found in fully desynchronized state. 05.45+b,05.90+m,87.10+e Keywords: Globally coupled map, Mean field dynamics, Collective motion

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ii, 404 p. 24 cm

This invention is a cast (iron) reinforcing cage for lining elements of tunnels, etc., of structures with a round cross section and which are assembled from flat frameworks. It differs because in order to decrease the labor consumption of installation, the flat frameworks have bosses to provide precise positioning during assembly, and they are locked together when they are joined into the cage of the tunnel lining element. (Translations, USSR).

The general purpose of this study was to study the effects of ingested radioactive substances on the gastrointestinal tract in general and the oral region in particular. More specifically it was deisred to determine whether lesions similar to those reported found in the stomach and intestine could be discerned in the mouth. A further purpose was to analyze the effects of local irradiation of the G. I. tract without the presence of an appreciable external irradiating source. In view of the plan to irradiate locally the alimentary canal it was also deemed worthwhile to analyze the effects of such irradiation on the thymus, spleen and adrenals which are so intimately concerned with stress.

This study analyzed the textbooks titled "Arabic for Non-native Speaking Children", Level I by Zakirov, Mingazova, and Mukhametzyanov (2011), and "Arabic for Non-Native Speaking Children", Level II by Mingazova, Zakirov, and Mukhametzyanov (2013) which are used to teach Arabic as a foreign language (AFL) to elementary school children in Tatarstan. The textbooks were then evaluated in the light of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) criteria. Results showed that the textbooks do not meet the CEFR language teaching and learning criteria, as they focus on the reading and writing skills, not oral skills and communication. They focus on the Arabic alphabet letters and basic Arabic grammatical structures and categories. The words taught are selected based on whether they contain the alphabet letter under study, not on the basis of belonging to a certain semantic category. In addition, the textbooks have adopted a grammar-translation approach, not a communicative, functional approach. The study recommends restructuring the textbook aims, skills and subskills taught, language elements selected, syllabus design adopted, and language teaching approach followed so that focus is on learning Arabic for communication. The whole Arabic lesson should be conducted in Arabic (L2). The students should practice oral skills before they move on to reading and writing sentences and paragraphs. The form and meaning of the words and grammatical patterns should be taught together using real objects, drawings, gestures and dramatization. The textbooks should adopt a functional situational syllabus design and follow a communicative language teaching approach. [This paper was published in: "Proceedings IFTE-2020" (pp. 101-129). Kazan Federal University.]

This study analyzed the textbooks titled "Arabic for Non-native Speaking Children", Level I by Zakirov, Mingazova, and Mukhametzyanov (2011), and "Arabic for Non-Native Speaking Children", Level II by Mingazova, Zakirov, and Mukhametzyanov (2013) which are used to teach Arabic as a foreign language (AFL) to elementary school children in Tatarstan. The textbooks were then evaluated in the light of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) criteria. Results showed that the textbooks do not meet the CEFR language teaching and learning criteria, as they focus on the reading and writing skills, not oral skills and communication. They focus on the Arabic alphabet letters and basic Arabic grammatical structures and categories. The words taught are selected based on whether they contain the alphabet letter under study, not on the basis of belonging to a certain semantic category. In addition, the textbooks have adopted a grammar-translation approach, not a communicative, functional approach. The study recommends restructuring the textbook aims, skills and subskills taught, language elements selected, syllabus design adopted, and language teaching approach followed so that focus is on learning Arabic for communication. The whole Arabic lesson should be conducted in Arabic (L2). The students should practice oral skills before they move on to reading and writing sentences and paragraphs. The form and meaning of the words and grammatical patterns should be taught together using real objects, drawings, gestures and dramatization. The textbooks should adopt a functional situational syllabus design and follow a communicative language teaching approach. [This paper was published in: "Proceedings IFTE-2020" (pp. 101-129). Kazan Federal University.]

Since the introduction of the finite element approach, as a numerical solution scheme for structural and solid mechanics applications, various for mulation methodologies have been proposed. These ways offer different advantages and shortcomings. Among these techniques, the standard displacement-based approach has attracted more interest due to its straightforward scheme and generality. Investigators have proved that the other strategies, such as the force-based, hybrid, assumed stress, and as sumed strain provides special advantages in comparison with the classicfinite elements. For instance, the mentioned techniques are able to solve difficulties, like shear locking, shear parasitic error, mesh sensitivity, poor convergence, and rotational dependency. The main goal of this two-part study is to present a brief yet clear portrait of the basics and advantages of the direct strain-based method for development of high-performance plane finite elements. In this article, which is the first part of this study, assump tions and the basics of this method are introduced. Then, a detailed review of all the existing strain-based membrane elements is presented. Although the strain formulation is applicable for different types of structures, most of the existing elements pertain to the plane structures. The second part of this study deals with the application and performance of the reviewed elements in the analysis of plane stress/strain problems.

Since the introduction of the finite element approach, as a numerical solution scheme for structural and solid mechanics applications, various for mulation methodologies have been proposed. These ways offer different advantages and shortcomings. Among these techniques, the standard displacement-based approach has attracted more interest due to its straightforward scheme and generality. Investigators have proved that the other strategies, such as the force-based, hybrid, assumed stress, and as sumed strain provides special advantages in comparison with the classicfinite elements. For instance, the mentioned techniques are able to solve difficulties, like shear locking, shear parasitic error, mesh sensitivity, poor convergence, and rotational dependency. The main goal of this two-part study is to present a brief yet clear portrait of the basics and advantages of the direct strain-based method for development of high-performance plane finite elements. In this article, which is the first part of this study, assump tions and the basics of this method are introduced. Then, a detailed review of all the existing strain-based membrane elements is presented. Although the strain formulation is applicable for different types of structures, most of the existing elements pertain to the plane structures. The second part of this study deals with the application and performance of the reviewed elements in the analysis of plane stress/strain problems.

Recently, the authors have proposed a novel all-angle beam contact (ABC) formulation that combines the advantages of existing point and line contact models in a variationally consistent manner. However, the ABC formulation has so far only been applied in combination with a special torsion-free beam model, which yields a very simple and efficient finite element formulation, but which is restricted to initially straight beams with isotropic cross-sections. In order to abstain from these restrictions, the current work combines the ABC formulation with a geometrically exact Kirchhoff-Love beam element formulation that is capable of treating even the most general cases of slender beam problems in terms of initial geometry and external loads. While the neglect of shear deformation that is inherent to this formulation has been shown to provide considerable numerical advantages in the range of high beam slenderness ratios, alternative shear-deformable beam models are required for examples with thick beams. The current contribution additionally proposes a novel geometrically exact beam element based on the Simo-Reissner theory. Similar to the torsion-free and the Kirchhoff-Love beam elements, also this Simo-Reissner element is based on a C1-continuous Hermite interpolation of the beam centerline, which will allow for smooth contact kinematics. For this Hermitian Simo-Reissner element, a consistent spatial convergence behavior as well as the successful avoidance of membrane and shear locking will be demonstrated numerically. All in all, the combination of the ABC formulation with these different beam element variants (i.e.~the torsion-free element, the Kirchhoff-Love element and the Simo-Reissner element) results in a very flexible and modular simulation framework that allows to choose the optimal element formulation for any given application in terms of accuracy, efficiency and robustness.

ii, 404 p. 24 cm

Study of the effect of confinement of concrete on the seismic performance and behavior of permanent shuttering concrete panel structures is the subject of this paper. For this purpose, a few building models with different heights, but similar planar layout of walls, with and without considering the effect of confinement, i.e. execution of boundary elements, are taken into consideration. For this study, the PERFORM 3D software is employed for the modeling of nonlinear behavior of these structures by the possibility of using a multi layer shell element with fiber sections. For finite element modeling of these sections two types of concrete fibers, confined and non-confined, are employed. After modeling and carrying out nonlinear analyses, performance of each of specimens at two different risk levels is determined. The obtained results indicate that although execution of the boundary elements in these structural systems does not considerably improve the seismic performance but the confinement is a major factor in improving some parameters such as ductility, the probable maximum strength and the loss of energy that have a positive influence on the seismic performance of the structure.

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Wisconsin - Madison and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

ii, 404 p. 24 cm

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of California and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Legally Binding Document: ET ISO 9194: Bases for design of structures -- Actions due to the self-weight of structures, non-structural elements and stored materials -- Density Name of Standards Organization: Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia (QSAE) LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Legally Binding Document: ET ISO 9194: Bases for design of structures -- Actions due to the self-weight of structures, non-structural elements and stored materials -- Density Name of Standards Organization: Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia (QSAE) LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Legally Binding Document: ET ISO 9194: Bases for design of structures -- Actions due to the self-weight of structures, non-structural elements and stored materials -- Density Name of Standards Organization: Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia (QSAE) LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Legally Binding Document: ET ISO 9194: Bases for design of structures -- Actions due to the self-weight of structures, non-structural elements and stored materials -- Density Name of Standards Organization: Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia (QSAE) LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Although much experimental work has been done with external and parenteral doses of radiation, very little is known about the effect of oral ingestion of radioactive materials. In the above metabolic studies the radioactive elements were given by stomach tube thereby by-passing the oral cavity. Since many low-energy radiations are ineffective when applied externally, but highly damaging when injected peritoneally, it is felt that a study of low-energy as well as high-energy radiations administered orally might prove of great value for early diagnosis of pathologic lesions produced by radioactive elements.