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Using the MMPI, this study investigates the extent to which sex lines are diffused among college students who tend to represent the middle class. In a comparison of MMPI scores, male college students scored higher than females on all ten clinical scales with seven of these significant, indicating better adjustment in general for women. In regard to the personality traits, the men tended toward less virile characteristics--sensitive, worrisome, insecure, easily embarrassed; women tended toward more masculine characteristics--ambitious, aggressive, confident--indicating overlap of traditional sex characteristics. (Author/MPJ)

Using the MMPI, this study investigates the extent to which sex lines are diffused among college students who tend to represent the middle class. In a comparison of MMPI scores, male college students scored higher than females on all ten clinical scales with seven of these significant, indicating better adjustment in general for women. In regard to the personality traits, the men tended toward less virile characteristics--sensitive, worrisome, insecure, easily embarrassed; women tended toward more masculine characteristics--ambitious, aggressive, confident--indicating overlap of traditional sex characteristics. (Author/MPJ)

Using the MMPI, this study investigates the extent to which sex lines are diffused among college students who tend to represent the middle class. In a comparison of MMPI scores, male college students scored higher than females on all ten clinical scales with seven of these significant, indicating better adjustment in general for women. In regard to the personality traits, the men tended toward less virile characteristics--sensitive, worrisome, insecure, easily embarrassed; women tended toward more masculine characteristics--ambitious, aggressive, confident--indicating overlap of traditional sex characteristics. (Author/MPJ)

Using the MMPI, this study investigates the extent to which sex lines are diffused among college students who tend to represent the middle class. In a comparison of MMPI scores, male college students scored higher than females on all ten clinical scales with seven of these significant, indicating better adjustment in general for women. In regard to the personality traits, the men tended toward less virile characteristics--sensitive, worrisome, insecure, easily embarrassed; women tended toward more masculine characteristics--ambitious, aggressive, confident--indicating overlap of traditional sex characteristics. (Author/MPJ)

The use of the MMPI and MMPI-2 to assist in the understanding of individuals with bulimia nervosa is examined. DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of bulimia nervosa are reviewed. It is also important to understand the personality variables or psychological correlates associated with this disorder. The structure and history of the MMPI and MMPI-2 are briefly reviewed; findings from studies using MMPI and MMPI-2 are discussed; and the information these tests provide about individuals with bulimia nervosa is presented. Personality variables and psychological correlates associated with bulimia nervosa are examined and their relation to particular MMPI-2 scales is considered. Implications for potential prevention and intervention strategies are discussed. Although the use of the MMPI-2 does not provide clear cut answers or completely consistent profiles of individuals with bulimia, the test may help in putting together general personality characteristics common to individuals with bulimia and in understanding basic commonalties among individuals with bulimia. The specific variables underlying a particular person's struggle with bulimia may become more apparent when test data is considered in conjunction with data from the clinical interview. Further research with MMPI-2 may help to identify persons at-risk for bulimia nervosa. (EMK)

The use of the MMPI and MMPI-2 to assist in the understanding of individuals with bulimia nervosa is examined. DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of bulimia nervosa are reviewed. It is also important to understand the personality variables or psychological correlates associated with this disorder. The structure and history of the MMPI and MMPI-2 are briefly reviewed; findings from studies using MMPI and MMPI-2 are discussed; and the information these tests provide about individuals with bulimia nervosa is presented. Personality variables and psychological correlates associated with bulimia nervosa are examined and their relation to particular MMPI-2 scales is considered. Implications for potential prevention and intervention strategies are discussed. Although the use of the MMPI-2 does not provide clear cut answers or completely consistent profiles of individuals with bulimia, the test may help in putting together general personality characteristics common to individuals with bulimia and in understanding basic commonalties among individuals with bulimia. The specific variables underlying a particular person's struggle with bulimia may become more apparent when test data is considered in conjunction with data from the clinical interview. Further research with MMPI-2 may help to identify persons at-risk for bulimia nervosa. (EMK)

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–3 (MMPI-3) is the newest form of the most widely used and long-standing diagnostic test. This study evaluates its ability to differentiate individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from those without such diagnosis. Previous research has provided robust support for earlier versions of the MMPI in PTSD assessment. Emerging work on the MMPI-3 suggests similar levels of support; however, research has not yet examined the MMPI-3’s classification accuracy of PTSD groups derived from formal diagnostic criteria – the clinical gold standard for practice. Data collection started September 2022 and we have already achieved a sample size of 44 (Age M = 18.52). Preliminary results from a college sample indicate moderate positive relationships between internalization scales and both self-report PTSD symptoms (e.g., r = .68, p < .001 [ARX]) and clinician endorsed clinical interview score (e.g., r = .63, p < .001 [ARX]). The current study expands previous work on PTSD classification on the MMPI by recruiting a community-based, Veteran sample, targeting a population with a pronounced need because of the frequency of PTSD in that population. Data collection is slated to start Spring 2023 and IRB approval has been granted.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–3 (MMPI-3) is the newest form of the most widely used and long-standing diagnostic test. This study evaluates its ability to differentiate individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from those without such diagnosis. Previous research has provided robust support for earlier versions of the MMPI in PTSD assessment. Emerging work on the MMPI-3 suggests similar levels of support; however, research has not yet examined the MMPI-3’s classification accuracy of PTSD groups derived from formal diagnostic criteria – the clinical gold standard for practice. Data collection started September 2022 and we have already achieved a sample size of 44 (Age M = 18.52). Preliminary results from a college sample indicate moderate positive relationships between internalization scales and both self-report PTSD symptoms (e.g., r = .68, p < .001 [ARX]) and clinician endorsed clinical interview score (e.g., r = .63, p < .001 [ARX]). The current study expands previous work on PTSD classification on the MMPI by recruiting a community-based, Veteran sample, targeting a population with a pronounced need because of the frequency of PTSD in that population. Data collection is slated to start Spring 2023 and IRB approval has been granted.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–3 (MMPI-3) is the newest form of the most widely used and long-standing diagnostic test. This study evaluates its ability to differentiate individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from those without such diagnosis. Previous research has provided robust support for earlier versions of the MMPI in PTSD assessment. Emerging work on the MMPI-3 suggests similar levels of support; however, research has not yet examined the MMPI-3’s classification accuracy of PTSD groups derived from formal diagnostic criteria – the clinical gold standard for practice. Data collection started September 2022 and we have already achieved a sample size of 44 (Age M = 18.52). Preliminary results from a college sample indicate moderate positive relationships between internalization scales and both self-report PTSD symptoms (e.g., r = .68, p < .001 [ARX]) and clinician endorsed clinical interview score (e.g., r = .63, p < .001 [ARX]). The current study expands previous work on PTSD classification on the MMPI by recruiting a community-based, Veteran sample, targeting a population with a pronounced need because of the frequency of PTSD in that population. Data collection is slated to start Spring 2023 and IRB approval has been granted.

In this study the efficacy of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) was examined with a Colombian college student population. It was projected that the participants would have elevated scales related to psychological distress, marginality, and poor morale, given the current socio-political climate in Columbia. Participants were university students (men=21; women=54) from Bogota, Columbia. Similarities and differences between male and female participants were examined on the Spanish version of the MMPI-2. Three conclusions can be drawn from the results. First, women were more likely to present issues related to interpersonal relationships and physical/somatic complaints, suggesting they are more internally conscious. Second, men were more likely to repress feelings related to anger and hostility and to report a sense of disconnectedness or alienation towards society, implying internalized anger and frustration. Third, differences were found on two of the traditional clinical scales; women obtained higher scores on the Masculinity Femininity and Psycopathic Deviant scales. These elevated scores suggest a more non-traditional sex role attitude in females than their male counterparts, and possible adaptive features to the stress related to their enrollment at the university or their ability to manage stress within Colombian society. (JDM)

In this study the efficacy of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) was examined with a Colombian college student population. It was projected that the participants would have elevated scales related to psychological distress, marginality, and poor morale, given the current socio-political climate in Columbia. Participants were university students (men=21; women=54) from Bogota, Columbia. Similarities and differences between male and female participants were examined on the Spanish version of the MMPI-2. Three conclusions can be drawn from the results. First, women were more likely to present issues related to interpersonal relationships and physical/somatic complaints, suggesting they are more internally conscious. Second, men were more likely to repress feelings related to anger and hostility and to report a sense of disconnectedness or alienation towards society, implying internalized anger and frustration. Third, differences were found on two of the traditional clinical scales; women obtained higher scores on the Masculinity Femininity and Psycopathic Deviant scales. These elevated scores suggest a more non-traditional sex role attitude in females than their male counterparts, and possible adaptive features to the stress related to their enrollment at the university or their ability to manage stress within Colombian society. (JDM)

This project involves developing cut-off scores using the MMPI-2 to differentiate DID malingerers from genuine DID patients.

This project involves developing cut-off scores using the MMPI-2 to differentiate DID malingerers from genuine DID patients.

Career counselors at colleges and universities are encountering an increasingly diverse student population. It has been suggested that the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the updated MMPI-2 can help career counselors as they try to help students deal with a wide range of individual needs and capabilities for coping with life stress. The reasoning behind using the MMPI and the MMPI-2 in career counseling is two-fold. The instruments can help counselors in making appropriate career counseling interventions and may also provide a reliable source of personal knowledge for students to utilize in their career decisions. Several investigations with the MMPI and career counseling found the instrument helpful in identifying individuals who are able to use a self-directed pattern when it comes to career assistance. The MMPI was also helpful in identifying individuals who may need more intensive help in their decision making process. Although few studies have directly investigated the usefulness of the MMPI-2 in career counseling, research on the consistency between the MMPI-2 and the MMPI leaves researchers optimistic that the newer test will also serve as a valuable tool in career decisions. Future research on the MMPI-2 should reveal more information about its value in career counseling. Contains 14 references. (RJM)

This project involves developing a malingering scale on the MMPI-2 and MMPI-3 to identify dissociation malingerers.

This project involves developing a malingering scale on the MMPI-2 and MMPI-3 to identify dissociation malingerers.

This project involves developing a malingering scale on the MMPI-2 and MMPI-3 to identify dissociation malingerers.

Examination of the relationship between Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, racial identification, acculturation, culture, language and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) has revealed controversial results. Because the MMPI/MMPI-2 is the most widely used personality assessment, it is important to understand how ethnic and socio-cultural variables factor into a psychological evaluation. This paper provides an overview of the literature on the appropriateness of using the MMPI/MMPI-2 with the Hispanic/Latino population as well as appropriate uses of the test with this population. (Contains 13 references.) (Author/GCP)

This paper discusses a study that examined the relationship between acculturation and socioeconomic status (SES) on two scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) for Hispanic adolescents (N=65). The study hypothesized that higher levels of acculturation and SES in Hispanic adolescents would be related to scale L (Lie) and related directly to scale 5 (Masculinity-Femininity) of the MMPI-A. The study also hypothesized that acculturation and SES would not differ in their relative contributions to Scales l and 5. The findings did not support the inverse relationship between levels of acculturation, SES, and Scale L; nor did they support the direct relationship between levels of acculturation, SES, and Scale 5. These findings are contrary to research findings with Hispanic adults and the MMPI and MMPI-2. The results suggest that low acculturated and low SES Hispanic adolescents in this sample responded with an appropriate balance between admitting and denying minor social faults. While there exists a common traditional belief in the Hispanic culture that a person does not ask for help and does not discuss problems outside the home, the clinical implications of these findings suggest that Hispanic adolescents may be more accepting of seeking help, perhaps even seeking mental health services. (MKA)

This paper discusses a study that examined the relationship between acculturation and socioeconomic status (SES) on two scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) for Hispanic adolescents (N=65). The study hypothesized that higher levels of acculturation and SES in Hispanic adolescents would be related to scale L (Lie) and related directly to scale 5 (Masculinity-Femininity) of the MMPI-A. The study also hypothesized that acculturation and SES would not differ in their relative contributions to Scales l and 5. The findings did not support the inverse relationship between levels of acculturation, SES, and Scale L; nor did they support the direct relationship between levels of acculturation, SES, and Scale 5. These findings are contrary to research findings with Hispanic adults and the MMPI and MMPI-2. The results suggest that low acculturated and low SES Hispanic adolescents in this sample responded with an appropriate balance between admitting and denying minor social faults. While there exists a common traditional belief in the Hispanic culture that a person does not ask for help and does not discuss problems outside the home, the clinical implications of these findings suggest that Hispanic adolescents may be more accepting of seeking help, perhaps even seeking mental health services. (MKA)

Various approaches to assessing test score similarity have been used. One form of comparison, encompassing variability in both shape and elevation, is the generalized distance function (D), where D is the difference between two sets of scores. In this methodology, the profile of each member of the sample group is compared with the profile of every other member. The difference between the d score for each scale is calculated and squared. The total represents the profile discrepancies. Computer analysis then identifies profile types. This type of computer analysis is currently being done on freshman nursing students. The tests used include part of the nursing "battery," the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and the woman's form of the Strong Vocational Interest Test (SVIB). The study is designed to provide information regarding prediction of success or failure in completing the nursing program. The use of the D methodology is expected to yield actuarial predictive data with practical significance. (IM)

This research investigated the capacity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to differentiate multi-disabled persons who had become successfully rehabilitated from those who had not. It was expected that the overall MMPI profile of unsuccessful rehabilitants would reflect a greater degree of psychological maladjustment than would the MMPI profile of clients with successful rehabilitation outcomes. Demographic variables were also used to compare a group of successful rehabilitated clients with a group whose cases had been closed unemployed. The subjects were 131 clients who had attended the Minneapolis Rehabilitation Center during a two-year period and whose cases had been closed at least one year. Concerning the comparison of MMPI profiles of the unsuccessful and successful groups of clients, the results indicated that the two profile configurations were "similar." It was suggested that a more profitable research task might be the development of an MMPI profile code type strongly related to rehabilitation failure. (Author)

This research investigated the capacity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to differentiate multi-disabled persons who had become successfully rehabilitated from those who had not. It was expected that the overall MMPI profile of unsuccessful rehabilitants would reflect a greater degree of psychological maladjustment than would the MMPI profile of clients with successful rehabilitation outcomes. Demographic variables were also used to compare a group of successful rehabilitated clients with a group whose cases had been closed unemployed. The subjects were 131 clients who had attended the Minneapolis Rehabilitation Center during a two-year period and whose cases had been closed at least one year. Concerning the comparison of MMPI profiles of the unsuccessful and successful groups of clients, the results indicated that the two profile configurations were "similar." It was suggested that a more profitable research task might be the development of an MMPI profile code type strongly related to rehabilitation failure. (Author)

This research investigated the capacity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to differentiate multi-disabled persons who had become successfully rehabilitated from those who had not. It was expected that the overall MMPI profile of unsuccessful rehabilitants would reflect a greater degree of psychological maladjustment than would the MMPI profile of clients with successful rehabilitation outcomes. Demographic variables were also used to compare a group of successful rehabilitated clients with a group whose cases had been closed unemployed. The subjects were 131 clients who had attended the Minneapolis Rehabilitation Center during a two-year period and whose cases had been closed at least one year. Concerning the comparison of MMPI profiles of the unsuccessful and successful groups of clients, the results indicated that the two profile configurations were "similar." It was suggested that a more profitable research task might be the development of an MMPI profile code type strongly related to rehabilitation failure. (Author)

This research investigated the capacity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to differentiate multi-disabled persons who had become successfully rehabilitated from those who had not. It was expected that the overall MMPI profile of unsuccessful rehabilitants would reflect a greater degree of psychological maladjustment than would the MMPI profile of clients with successful rehabilitation outcomes. Demographic variables were also used to compare a group of successful rehabilitated clients with a group whose cases had been closed unemployed. The subjects were 131 clients who had attended the Minneapolis Rehabilitation Center during a two-year period and whose cases had been closed at least one year. Concerning the comparison of MMPI profiles of the unsuccessful and successful groups of clients, the results indicated that the two profile configurations were "similar." It was suggested that a more profitable research task might be the development of an MMPI profile code type strongly related to rehabilitation failure. (Author)

This article provides a review of several studies, which used the Minnesota Multiphasis Personality Inventory (MMPI) to attempt to differentiate adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs). The studies focused on either non-clinical ACOAs or alcoholic ACOAs. Overall, the MMPI differentiated ACOAs, but the degree and patterns of elevations varied considerably. Thus, the MMPI did not reveal a consistent way to identify at-risk non-clinical ACOAs, nor did it reveal a homogeneous diagnostic subgroup among alcoholic ACOAs. However, when the MMPI is used in context, it can provide valuable information for targeting at-risk ACOAs and developing effective preventive and treatment interventions for this population. (Contains 12 references.) (Author)

THE MINNEAPOLIS REHABILITATION CENTER (MRC) STUDIED MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY (MMPI) SCORES TO SEE IF THEY RELIABLY PREDICTED EMPLOYMENT OUTCOME AND TREATMENT EFFECTS. IT WAS DEEMED IMPORTANT FOR AGENCIES TO HAVE A METHOD OF DIAGNOSING PROBABLE RETURN-TO-WORK CLIENTS BEFORE SELECTING THOSE FOR REHABILITATION. A METHOD OF EVALUATING REHABILITATION SERVICES THROUGH MEASUREMENT OF CLIENT CHANGE WAS DEVELOPED. THE MMPI WAS ADMINISTERED TO THREE GROUPS (PILOT, CONTROL, AND CROSS-VALIDATION) UPON REFERRAL TO THE AGENCY AND FIVE WEEKS LATER. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEST RESULTS, MEDICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, AND THE WORK SITUATION OF THE CLIENTS PRODUCED NEGATIVE RESULTS. THE PROJECT DIRECTOR BELIEVES THAT THE STUDY FAILED TO PRODUCE RELIABLE RESULTS BECAUSE NONE OF THE PREDICTORS WERE DIRECTLY RELATED TO GOING BACK TO WORK. PROBLEMS OF GROUP SELECTION AND VARIABLE DEFINITION ARE DISCUSSED AS POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THE RESULTS. GUIDELINES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ON SUCH PROBLEMS ARE SUGGESTED. THERE IS NOT YET AN ORGANIZED SYSTEM FOR MEASURING BEHAVIORS WHICH ARE IMPORTANT IN GETTING AND KEEPING A JOB. (NS)

THE MINNEAPOLIS REHABILITATION CENTER (MRC) STUDIED MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY (MMPI) SCORES TO SEE IF THEY RELIABLY PREDICTED EMPLOYMENT OUTCOME AND TREATMENT EFFECTS. IT WAS DEEMED IMPORTANT FOR AGENCIES TO HAVE A METHOD OF DIAGNOSING PROBABLE RETURN-TO-WORK CLIENTS BEFORE SELECTING THOSE FOR REHABILITATION. A METHOD OF EVALUATING REHABILITATION SERVICES THROUGH MEASUREMENT OF CLIENT CHANGE WAS DEVELOPED. THE MMPI WAS ADMINISTERED TO THREE GROUPS (PILOT, CONTROL, AND CROSS-VALIDATION) UPON REFERRAL TO THE AGENCY AND FIVE WEEKS LATER. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEST RESULTS, MEDICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, AND THE WORK SITUATION OF THE CLIENTS PRODUCED NEGATIVE RESULTS. THE PROJECT DIRECTOR BELIEVES THAT THE STUDY FAILED TO PRODUCE RELIABLE RESULTS BECAUSE NONE OF THE PREDICTORS WERE DIRECTLY RELATED TO GOING BACK TO WORK. PROBLEMS OF GROUP SELECTION AND VARIABLE DEFINITION ARE DISCUSSED AS POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THE RESULTS. GUIDELINES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ON SUCH PROBLEMS ARE SUGGESTED. THERE IS NOT YET AN ORGANIZED SYSTEM FOR MEASURING BEHAVIORS WHICH ARE IMPORTANT IN GETTING AND KEEPING A JOB. (NS)

799 pages

799 pages

The main purpose of this study is to examine the utility of a personality inventory to measure impulsivity in a college student sample.

This is Version 1 of the Unofficial MMPI-2 Supermanual; a conglomeration of over 25 texts on the subject, itemizing complete codetypes and includes the test itself. Whether you're looking for the Clinical Scales, Content, or supplementary Scales or the new Restructured Content Scales- you will find interpretations galore, including specialized suggested treatments, and specially written feedback statements to give to your client.  If you appreciate this body of work and would like to see it continued, please send your love to [email protected] The student and the professional will each find this manual to be a powerful resource, unlike any other.

This is Version 1 of the Unofficial MMPI-2 Supermanual; a conglomeration of over 25 texts on the subject, itemizing complete codetypes and includes the test itself. Whether you're looking for the Clinical Scales, Content, or supplementary Scales or the new Restructured Content Scales- you will find interpretations galore, including specialized suggested treatments, and specially written feedback statements to give to your client.  If you appreciate this body of work and would like to see it continued, please send your love to [email protected] The student and the professional will each find this manual to be a powerful resource, unlike any other.

This study evaluated personality variables that underlie hypnotic susceptibility. It was correlational, did not require ongoing contact with participants, and included a validation study as an integral component. The subjects were 359 college students (250 in the original sample and 109 in the cross validation study) taking undergraduate courses in educational psychology, educational statistics, and tests and measurements at the University of Alabama (Tuscaloosa). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), the Melei and Hilgard Questionnaire (demographic and attitudinal measures), and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility were administered. The MMPI-2 scales, attitudes toward hypnosis, predictions of hypnotizability, and demographic variables were correlated with scores on the Harvard Scale. Stepwise multiple regression was used to maximize the ability of the variables to predict hypnotic susceptibility. Pearson product-moment correlations were computed. Attitudinal variables were consistently related to susceptibility, although the practical significance was marginal, with these measures accounting for only 10 to 13 percent of the variance in scores on the Harvard Scale. No consistent relationships were found between MMPI-2 variables and hypnotic susceptibility. The MMPI-2 variables explored included response set, existing MMPI-2 scales both singly and in combination, and individual items on the instrument. Included are 3 tables and 54 references. (RLC)

This study evaluated personality variables that underlie hypnotic susceptibility. It was correlational, did not require ongoing contact with participants, and included a validation study as an integral component. The subjects were 359 college students (250 in the original sample and 109 in the cross validation study) taking undergraduate courses in educational psychology, educational statistics, and tests and measurements at the University of Alabama (Tuscaloosa). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), the Melei and Hilgard Questionnaire (demographic and attitudinal measures), and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility were administered. The MMPI-2 scales, attitudes toward hypnosis, predictions of hypnotizability, and demographic variables were correlated with scores on the Harvard Scale. Stepwise multiple regression was used to maximize the ability of the variables to predict hypnotic susceptibility. Pearson product-moment correlations were computed. Attitudinal variables were consistently related to susceptibility, although the practical significance was marginal, with these measures accounting for only 10 to 13 percent of the variance in scores on the Harvard Scale. No consistent relationships were found between MMPI-2 variables and hypnotic susceptibility. The MMPI-2 variables explored included response set, existing MMPI-2 scales both singly and in combination, and individual items on the instrument. Included are 3 tables and 54 references. (RLC)

This study evaluated personality variables that underlie hypnotic susceptibility. It was correlational, did not require ongoing contact with participants, and included a validation study as an integral component. The subjects were 359 college students (250 in the original sample and 109 in the cross validation study) taking undergraduate courses in educational psychology, educational statistics, and tests and measurements at the University of Alabama (Tuscaloosa). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), the Melei and Hilgard Questionnaire (demographic and attitudinal measures), and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility were administered. The MMPI-2 scales, attitudes toward hypnosis, predictions of hypnotizability, and demographic variables were correlated with scores on the Harvard Scale. Stepwise multiple regression was used to maximize the ability of the variables to predict hypnotic susceptibility. Pearson product-moment correlations were computed. Attitudinal variables were consistently related to susceptibility, although the practical significance was marginal, with these measures accounting for only 10 to 13 percent of the variance in scores on the Harvard Scale. No consistent relationships were found between MMPI-2 variables and hypnotic susceptibility. The MMPI-2 variables explored included response set, existing MMPI-2 scales both singly and in combination, and individual items on the instrument. Included are 3 tables and 54 references. (RLC)

This study evaluated personality variables that underlie hypnotic susceptibility. It was correlational, did not require ongoing contact with participants, and included a validation study as an integral component. The subjects were 359 college students (250 in the original sample and 109 in the cross validation study) taking undergraduate courses in educational psychology, educational statistics, and tests and measurements at the University of Alabama (Tuscaloosa). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), the Melei and Hilgard Questionnaire (demographic and attitudinal measures), and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility were administered. The MMPI-2 scales, attitudes toward hypnosis, predictions of hypnotizability, and demographic variables were correlated with scores on the Harvard Scale. Stepwise multiple regression was used to maximize the ability of the variables to predict hypnotic susceptibility. Pearson product-moment correlations were computed. Attitudinal variables were consistently related to susceptibility, although the practical significance was marginal, with these measures accounting for only 10 to 13 percent of the variance in scores on the Harvard Scale. No consistent relationships were found between MMPI-2 variables and hypnotic susceptibility. The MMPI-2 variables explored included response set, existing MMPI-2 scales both singly and in combination, and individual items on the instrument. Included are 3 tables and 54 references. (RLC)

This study evaluated personality variables that underlie hypnotic susceptibility. It was correlational, did not require ongoing contact with participants, and included a validation study as an integral component. The subjects were 359 college students (250 in the original sample and 109 in the cross validation study) taking undergraduate courses in educational psychology, educational statistics, and tests and measurements at the University of Alabama (Tuscaloosa). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), the Melei and Hilgard Questionnaire (demographic and attitudinal measures), and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility were administered. The MMPI-2 scales, attitudes toward hypnosis, predictions of hypnotizability, and demographic variables were correlated with scores on the Harvard Scale. Stepwise multiple regression was used to maximize the ability of the variables to predict hypnotic susceptibility. Pearson product-moment correlations were computed. Attitudinal variables were consistently related to susceptibility, although the practical significance was marginal, with these measures accounting for only 10 to 13 percent of the variance in scores on the Harvard Scale. No consistent relationships were found between MMPI-2 variables and hypnotic susceptibility. The MMPI-2 variables explored included response set, existing MMPI-2 scales both singly and in combination, and individual items on the instrument. Included are 3 tables and 54 references. (RLC)

This study examined the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) for employment selection and performance prediction in a sample of 133 military law enforcement investigators. An unscreened group who completed the MMPI-2 but were hired without examination of the test results was compared with a screened group whose results had been part of the hiring decision. In the first analysis, the MMPI-2 profiles of the two groups were compared. Although the unscreened group tended towards higher mean scores on the majority of scales, greater variability, and a higher frequency of elevated scores, these trends did not reach statistical significance. Secondly, the two groups were compared on three measures of job performance: a skills composite score, number of positive distinctions, and number of negative distinctions. The unscreened group tended towards greater negative distinctions, although this trend likewise did not reach statistical significance. In the final comparison, predictive links between the MMPI-2 protocols and job performance criteria were explored using two subsets of the total sample. No MMPI-2 scales were significantly linked to positive distinctions, five scales were related to negative distinctions, and two scales were correlated with the skills composite score. However, the correlations were of insufficient magnitude to be used as individual predictors. It seems most likely that previous non-psychological screening substantially reduced the magnitude of predictor-criterion relationships. Also, the small and unequal sample size limited statistical power. Nevertheless, this study described a unique sample of agents permitted to work without benefit of psychological test results--a methodological ideal.

This study examined the relationship between maternal personality factors, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the development of the attachment relationship. The subjects were 45 firstborn 12-month-olds and their mothers. The sample was preponderantly white, middle class, and married. Mothers completed the Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, and Introversion scales of the MMPI and participated in the Ainsworth Strange Situation with their infants. The attachment behaviors of infants were classified as secure (B), insecure-avoidant (A), insecure-ambivalent/resistant (C), or disorganized/disoriented (D). The insecure classifications were collapsed so that attachment was analyzed using only the secure versus insecure dimensions. Findings revealed that mothers of infants classified as secure had higher mean scores than mothers of insecure infants on the scale of Psychopathic Deviate and lower mean scores on the Introversion scale, with no significant difference on the Depression Scale. No mothers scored in the clinical range, and the mean scores did not suggest any psychopathology. Mothers of secure infants admitted to more family problems and described themselves as less introverted than mothers of insecure infants. Mothers of insecure infants showed more denial and increased introversion in comparison to mothers of secure infants. (KDFB)

This study examined the relationship between maternal personality factors, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the development of the attachment relationship. The subjects were 45 firstborn 12-month-olds and their mothers. The sample was preponderantly white, middle class, and married. Mothers completed the Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, and Introversion scales of the MMPI and participated in the Ainsworth Strange Situation with their infants. The attachment behaviors of infants were classified as secure (B), insecure-avoidant (A), insecure-ambivalent/resistant (C), or disorganized/disoriented (D). The insecure classifications were collapsed so that attachment was analyzed using only the secure versus insecure dimensions. Findings revealed that mothers of infants classified as secure had higher mean scores than mothers of insecure infants on the scale of Psychopathic Deviate and lower mean scores on the Introversion scale, with no significant difference on the Depression Scale. No mothers scored in the clinical range, and the mean scores did not suggest any psychopathology. Mothers of secure infants admitted to more family problems and described themselves as less introverted than mothers of insecure infants. Mothers of insecure infants showed more denial and increased introversion in comparison to mothers of secure infants. (KDFB)

This study examined the relationship between maternal personality factors, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the development of the attachment relationship. The subjects were 45 firstborn 12-month-olds and their mothers. The sample was preponderantly white, middle class, and married. Mothers completed the Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, and Introversion scales of the MMPI and participated in the Ainsworth Strange Situation with their infants. The attachment behaviors of infants were classified as secure (B), insecure-avoidant (A), insecure-ambivalent/resistant (C), or disorganized/disoriented (D). The insecure classifications were collapsed so that attachment was analyzed using only the secure versus insecure dimensions. Findings revealed that mothers of infants classified as secure had higher mean scores than mothers of insecure infants on the scale of Psychopathic Deviate and lower mean scores on the Introversion scale, with no significant difference on the Depression Scale. No mothers scored in the clinical range, and the mean scores did not suggest any psychopathology. Mothers of secure infants admitted to more family problems and described themselves as less introverted than mothers of insecure infants. Mothers of insecure infants showed more denial and increased introversion in comparison to mothers of secure infants. (KDFB)

This study examined the relationship between maternal personality factors, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the development of the attachment relationship. The subjects were 45 firstborn 12-month-olds and their mothers. The sample was preponderantly white, middle class, and married. Mothers completed the Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, and Introversion scales of the MMPI and participated in the Ainsworth Strange Situation with their infants. The attachment behaviors of infants were classified as secure (B), insecure-avoidant (A), insecure-ambivalent/resistant (C), or disorganized/disoriented (D). The insecure classifications were collapsed so that attachment was analyzed using only the secure versus insecure dimensions. Findings revealed that mothers of infants classified as secure had higher mean scores than mothers of insecure infants on the scale of Psychopathic Deviate and lower mean scores on the Introversion scale, with no significant difference on the Depression Scale. No mothers scored in the clinical range, and the mean scores did not suggest any psychopathology. Mothers of secure infants admitted to more family problems and described themselves as less introverted than mothers of insecure infants. Mothers of insecure infants showed more denial and increased introversion in comparison to mothers of secure infants. (KDFB)

This study examined the relationship between maternal personality factors, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the development of the attachment relationship. The subjects were 45 firstborn 12-month-olds and their mothers. The sample was preponderantly white, middle class, and married. Mothers completed the Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, and Introversion scales of the MMPI and participated in the Ainsworth Strange Situation with their infants. The attachment behaviors of infants were classified as secure (B), insecure-avoidant (A), insecure-ambivalent/resistant (C), or disorganized/disoriented (D). The insecure classifications were collapsed so that attachment was analyzed using only the secure versus insecure dimensions. Findings revealed that mothers of infants classified as secure had higher mean scores than mothers of insecure infants on the scale of Psychopathic Deviate and lower mean scores on the Introversion scale, with no significant difference on the Depression Scale. No mothers scored in the clinical range, and the mean scores did not suggest any psychopathology. Mothers of secure infants admitted to more family problems and described themselves as less introverted than mothers of insecure infants. Mothers of insecure infants showed more denial and increased introversion in comparison to mothers of secure infants. (KDFB)

This is an original study examining how the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory— Third Edition (MMPI-3) may be used to detect the relationship between childhood trauma (i.e., childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) and somatic symptom endorsement in adults from a community sample. History of childhood trauma will be collected using the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Somatic symptoms will be measured using various somatic scales in the MMPI-3. This project involves a literature review, data collection from a random community sample, and a multiple linear regression using SPSS.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is used by the Federal Aviation Administration to assess psychopathology in air traffic control specialist applicants after a conditional offer of employment is extended. Two groups are compared in this study on their level of Scale K, which is used as a measure of defensiveness (putting one's best foot forward - faking good), but which may be influenced by socioeconomic status and education. Group 1 had already been hired and took the MMPI-2 as part of a voluntary research protocol while in training. Group 2 took the MMPI-2 as part of their medical screening process for hiring. There was a significant difference between the two groups (2 indicated a higher level of K than 1) on the level of K, suggesting that K is likely measuring defensiveness. Group 1 faced no consequences for their results, while Group 2 faced potential additional psychological assessment as a consequence of their MMPI-2 performance, and possibly even ultimate medical disqualification. While the hypothesis that groups would differ on K as a function of testing circumstances was supported, the hypothesis that K would rise as a function of education was not.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF) is a multiscale measure of adolescent psychopathology structured to convey different levels of information, from the narrowest Specific Problem (SP) scales to the broader Restructured Clinical (RC) scales to the broadest Higher-Order (H-O) scales. This study seeks to test the incremental validity of different levels of information available within the MMPI-A-RF in a sample of 11 juvenile offenders for each of whom criterion ratings were obtained from their caregiver, probation officer, therapist, school staff, and themselves. Specifically, (1) do the broader RC or H-O scales alone provide incremental validity over and above what is already provided by the SP scales? (2) do full MMPI-A-RF profiles provide incremental validity over what any single tier of information provides? and (3) do findings about incremental validity differ based on the external criterion used? To answer these questions, 12 volunteer raters will interpret the MMPI-A-RF profiles based on different levels of information using the Juvenile Problem Q-Sort (JPQ), a q-sort instrument designed for use with this population. Raters will receive either the SP scales only, or the RC scales only, or the H-O scales only. The validity of interpretations made from these partial MMPI-A-RF profiles will be compared to one other and to the validity of interpretations made using all three tiers of information obtained from a previous study (Dodd, Courrégé, & Weed, 2019). Validity will be indexed by q-correlations with JPQ self-ratings made by the juveniles and with JPQ informant ratings made by the juveniles' caregiver, probation office, therapist, and school staff.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF) is a multiscale measure of adolescent psychopathology structured to convey different levels of information, from the narrowest Specific Problem (SP) scales to the broader Restructured Clinical (RC) scales to the broadest Higher-Order (H-O) scales. This study seeks to test the incremental validity of different levels of information available within the MMPI-A-RF in a sample of 11 juvenile offenders for each of whom criterion ratings were obtained from their caregiver, probation officer, therapist, school staff, and themselves. Specifically, (1) do the broader RC or H-O scales alone provide incremental validity over and above what is already provided by the SP scales? (2) do full MMPI-A-RF profiles provide incremental validity over what any single tier of information provides? and (3) do findings about incremental validity differ based on the external criterion used? To answer these questions, 12 volunteer raters will interpret the MMPI-A-RF profiles based on different levels of information using the Juvenile Problem Q-Sort (JPQ), a q-sort instrument designed for use with this population. Raters will receive either the SP scales only, or the RC scales only, or the H-O scales only. The validity of interpretations made from these partial MMPI-A-RF profiles will be compared to one other and to the validity of interpretations made using all three tiers of information obtained from a previous study (Dodd, Courrégé, & Weed, 2019). Validity will be indexed by q-correlations with JPQ self-ratings made by the juveniles and with JPQ informant ratings made by the juveniles' caregiver, probation office, therapist, and school staff.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF) is a multiscale measure of adolescent psychopathology structured to convey different levels of information, from the narrowest Specific Problem (SP) scales to the broader Restructured Clinical (RC) scales to the broadest Higher-Order (H-O) scales. This study seeks to test the incremental validity of different levels of information available within the MMPI-A-RF in a sample of 11 juvenile offenders for each of whom criterion ratings were obtained from their caregiver, probation officer, therapist, school staff, and themselves. Specifically, (1) do the broader RC or H-O scales alone provide incremental validity over and above what is already provided by the SP scales? (2) do full MMPI-A-RF profiles provide incremental validity over what any single tier of information provides? and (3) do findings about incremental validity differ based on the external criterion used? To answer these questions, 12 volunteer raters will interpret the MMPI-A-RF profiles based on different levels of information using the Juvenile Problem Q-Sort (JPQ), a q-sort instrument designed for use with this population. Raters will receive either the SP scales only, or the RC scales only, or the H-O scales only. The validity of interpretations made from these partial MMPI-A-RF profiles will be compared to one other and to the validity of interpretations made using all three tiers of information obtained from a previous study (Dodd, Courrégé, & Weed, 2019). Validity will be indexed by q-correlations with JPQ self-ratings made by the juveniles and with JPQ informant ratings made by the juveniles' caregiver, probation office, therapist, and school staff.