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SODIUM BICARBONATE TIME here is how I possibly again saved myself from total health ruin https://ausertimes.blogspot.com/2024/06/sodium-bicarbonate-time-here-is-how-i.html

SODIUM BICARBONATE TIME here is how I possibly again saved myself from total health ruin https://ausertimes.blogspot.com/2024/06/sodium-bicarbonate-time-here-is-how-i.html

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the new Coronavirus a pandemic, due to the large number of cases and deaths worldwide. The upper inhalation routes are the gateway for any viral variant, with the installation of SAR-CoV-2 in the respiratory epithelium, which, belonging to the Coronovidae family, has an acidic pH. Alkalization is a way to destabilize the pathophysiology of COVID-19. In this way, the introduction of saline solutions into the upper respiratory system would be a way of interfering with the symptomatology and behavior of the virus. Objective: To evaluate the role of inhaled 3% sodium bicarbonate solution in improving respiratory symptoms and destabilizing SAR-CoV-2 in COVID-19. Materials and methods: Randomized clinical trial, with people diagnosed with COVID-19 through the RT-PCR assay. The participants included were of any age and gender undergoing hospital treatment at the COVID-19 ward unit at the Hospital Regional Doutor Estácio Muniz, located in the municipality of Aquidauana in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, between September/2020 and November/2021. Results: It was observed that moderate/severe patients who received inhaled treatment with a 3% sodium bicarbonate solution had a good prognosis for their respiratory condition, progressing to hospital discharge. Conclusion: Treatment with sodium bicarbonate solution has a high potential in the treatment as an adjunct to COVID-19.

This article is from Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences , volume 39 . Abstract Background: Severe metabolic acidosis occurs during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) particularly during the anhepatic phase. Although NaHCO3 is considered as the current standard therapy, there are numerous adverse effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether the restricted use of normal saline during anesthesia could reduce the need for NaHCO3. Methods: In this study we enrolled 75 patients with end-stage liver disease who underwent OLT from February 2010 until September 2010 at the Shiraz Organ Transplantation Center. Fluid management of two different transplant anesthetics were compared. The effect of restricted normal saline fluid was compared with non-restricted normal saline fluid on hemodynamic and acid-base parameters at three times during OLT: after the skin incision (T1), 15 min before reperfusion (T2), and 5 min after reperfusion (T3). Results: There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics of the donors and recipients (P>0.05). In the restricted normal saline group there was significantly lower central venous pressure (CVP) than in the non-restricted normal saline group (P=0.002). No significant differences were noted in the other hemodynamic parameters between the two groups (P>0.05). In the non-restricted normal saline group arterial blood pH (P=0.01) and HCO3 (P=0.0001) were significantly less than the restricted normal saline group. The NaHCO3 requirement before reperfusion was significantly more than with the restricted normal saline group (P=0.001). Conclusion: Restricted normal saline administration during OLT reduced the severity of metabolic acidosis and the need for NaHCO3 during the anhepatic phase. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2013110711662N5

Le Professeur Samir Jaber nous parle de l'étude BICAR-ICU, publiée dans le Lancet en juin 2018, portant sur l'utilisation du bicarbonate de sodium dans le traitement des acidoses métaboliques sévères. 

https://worldtruthvideos.website/watch/sodium-bicarbonate-baking-soda-understanding-its-power_TImeRgMGMTaduXY.html

https://worldtruthvideos.website/watch/sodium-bicarbonate-baking-soda-understanding-its-power_TImeRgMGMTaduXY.html

This article is from Critical Care , volume 16 . Abstract Introduction: Cardiac-surgery-associated-acute-kidney-injury (CSA-AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Recent data from patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting suggest that a perioperative infusion of sodium-bicarbonate may decrease the incidence of CSA-AKI. The present study aims to analyze the renoprotective effects of a 24h infusion of sodium-bicarbonate in a large, heterogeneous group of cardiac surgical patients Methods: Starting in 4/2009, all patients undergoing cardiac surgery at our institution were enrolled in a prospective trial analyzing the relationship between preoperative cerebral oxygen saturation and postoperative organ dysfunction. We used this prospectively sampled data set to perform a cohort analysis of the renoprotective efficiency of a 24h continuous perioperative infusion of sodium-bicarbonate on the incidence of CSA-AKI that was routinely introduced in 7/2009. After exclusion of patients with endstage chronic kidney disease, off-pump procedures, and emergency cases, perioperative changes in renal function were assessed in 280 patients treated with a perioperative infusion of 4 mmol sodium-bicarbonate / kg body weight in comparison with a control cohort of 304 patients enrolled from April to June in this prospective cohort study.Postoperative changes in urine flow, plasma creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, and the need for renal replacement therapy were determined according to AKI injury network criteria. Concomitantly, hemodynamics, treatments, complications, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Univariate statistical analyses were performed para- and nonparametrically, as appropriate. Results: With the exception of a lower prevalence of a history of myocardial infarction and a lower preoperative use of intravenous heparin in the bicarbonate-group, no significant between group differences in patient demographics, surgical risk, type, and duration of surgery were observed. Patients in the bicarbonate group had a lower mean arterial blood pressure after induction of anesthesia, needed more fluids, more vasopressors, and a longer treatment time in the high dependency unit. Despite a higher postoperative diuresis, no differences in the incidence of AKI grade 1 to 3 and the need for renal replacement were observed. Conclusions: Routine perioperative administration of sodium bicarbonate failed to improve postoperative renal function in a large population of cardiac surgical patients.

This article is from Frontiers in Physiology , volume 4 . Abstract The sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) is one of the major alkalinizing mechanisms in the cardiomyocytes. It has been demonstrated the existence of at least two functional isoforms, one that promotes the co-influx of 1 molecule of Na+ per 1 molecule of HCO−3 (electroneutral isoform; NBCn1) and the other one that generates the co-influx of 1 molecule of Na+ per 2 molecules of HCO−3 (electrogenic isoform; NBCe1). Both isoforms are important to maintain intracellular pH (pHi) and sodium concentration ([Na+]i). In addition, NBCe1 generates an anionic repolarizing current that modulates the action potential duration (APD). The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in the modulation of almost all physiological cardiac functions and is also involved in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. It was reported that angiotensin II (Ang II) exhibits an opposite effect on NBC isoforms: it activates NBCn1 and inhibits NBCe1. The activation of NBCn1 leads to an increase in pHi and [Na+]i, which indirectly, due to the stimulation of reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), conduces to an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. On the other hand, the inhibition of NBCe1 generates an APD prolongation, potentially representing a risk of arrhythmias. In the last years, the potentially altered NBC function in pathological scenarios, as cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia-reperfusion, has raised increasing interest among investigators. This review attempts to draw the attention on the relevant regulation of NBC activity by RAAS, since it modulates pHi and [Na+]i, which are involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, the damage produced by ischemia-reperfusion and the generation of arrhythmic events, suggesting a potential role of NBC in cardiac diseases.

This article is from Frontiers in Physiology , volume 4 . Abstract The sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) is one of the major alkalinizing mechanisms in the cardiomyocytes. It has been demonstrated the existence of at least two functional isoforms, one that promotes the co-influx of 1 molecule of Na+ per 1 molecule of HCO−3 (electroneutral isoform; NBCn1) and the other one that generates the co-influx of 1 molecule of Na+ per 2 molecules of HCO−3 (electrogenic isoform; NBCe1). Both isoforms are important to maintain intracellular pH (pHi) and sodium concentration ([Na+]i). In addition, NBCe1 generates an anionic repolarizing current that modulates the action potential duration (APD). The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in the modulation of almost all physiological cardiac functions and is also involved in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. It was reported that angiotensin II (Ang II) exhibits an opposite effect on NBC isoforms: it activates NBCn1 and inhibits NBCe1. The activation of NBCn1 leads to an increase in pHi and [Na+]i, which indirectly, due to the stimulation of reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), conduces to an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. On the other hand, the inhibition of NBCe1 generates an APD prolongation, potentially representing a risk of arrhythmias. In the last years, the potentially altered NBC function in pathological scenarios, as cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia-reperfusion, has raised increasing interest among investigators. This review attempts to draw the attention on the relevant regulation of NBC activity by RAAS, since it modulates pHi and [Na+]i, which are involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, the damage produced by ischemia-reperfusion and the generation of arrhythmic events, suggesting a potential role of NBC in cardiac diseases.

This volume was digitized and made accessible online due to deterioration of the original print copy.

This was a simple science experiment, where I took a cup of distilled water and 1/16 cups of sodium bicarbonate (Baking Soda) to produce Hydrogen and Oxygen gas. There was a 5V DC current, which I got from a USB charger and it took me less than an hour to produce. This can be really useful if you're trying to study chemistry and how chemical compounds split when seduced to an electrical current. The experiment can be easily replicated at home using household products! Supplies - 1 cup of distilled water - 1/16 cups of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) - 16 gauge of copper wire - A spoon of your choice - Measuring cup

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.194436 dc.contributor.author: Vijay Prakash dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-08T04:28:57Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-08T04:28:57Z dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2005-09-27 dc.identifier.barcode: 1990010093235 dc.identifier.origpath: /rawdataupload/upload/0093/235 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/194436 dc.description.scannerno: 14 dc.description.scanningcentre: IIIT, Allahabad dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 50 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher: Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur dc.rights: Out_of_copyright dc.source.library: Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur dc.subject.classification: Technology dc.subject.classification: Engineering. Technology In General dc.subject.classification: Civil Engineering dc.title: Bench Scale Study Of Sulfur Dioxide Removel By Sodium Bicarbonate

CO2 gas is 11x heavier than He gas. Thus, It is impossible for the ballon to float like we use He gas.

Sodium bicarbonate

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Standards Organization: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Division Name: Chemical Section Name: Inorganic Chemicals (CHD 1) Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 2124 Title of Legally Binding Document: Sodium Bicarbonate Number of Amendments: Equivalence: Superceding: IS 492 Superceded by: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New --Jawaharlal Nehru Invent a new India using knowledge. --Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

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The International Space Station (ISS) Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) experienced a number of chemical changes driven by system absorption of CO2 which altered the coolant’s pH. The natural effects of the decrease in pH from approximately 9.2 to less than 8.4 had immediate consequences on system corrosion rates and corrosion product interactions with specified coolant constituents. The alkalinity of the system was increased through the development and implementation of a carbonate/bicarbonate buffer that would increase coolant pH to 9.0 – 10.0 and maintain pH above 9.0 in the presence of ISS cabin concentrations of CO2 up to twenty times higher than ground concentrations. This paper defines how a carbonate/bicarbonate buffer works in an open carbon dioxide system and summarizes the analyses performed on the buffer for safe and effective application in the on-orbit system. The importance of the relationship between the cabin environment and the IATCS is demonstrated as the dominant factor in understanding the system chemistry and pH trends before and after addition of the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer. The paper also documents the corollary electrochemical and chemical reactions the system has experienced and the rationale for remediation of these effects with the addition of the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer.

The International Space Station (ISS) Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) experienced a number of chemical changes driven by system absorption of CO2 which altered the coolant’s pH. The natural effects of the decrease in pH from approximately 9.2 to less than 8.4 had immediate consequences on system corrosion rates and corrosion product interactions with specified coolant constituents. The alkalinity of the system was increased through the development and implementation of a carbonate/bicarbonate buffer that would increase coolant pH to 9.0 – 10.0 and maintain pH above 9.0 in the presence of ISS cabin concentrations of CO2 up to twenty times higher than ground concentrations. This paper defines how a carbonate/bicarbonate buffer works in an open carbon dioxide system and summarizes the analyses performed on the buffer for safe and effective application in the on-orbit system. The importance of the relationship between the cabin environment and the IATCS is demonstrated as the dominant factor in understanding the system chemistry and pH trends before and after addition of the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer. The paper also documents the corollary electrochemical and chemical reactions the system has experienced and the rationale for remediation of these effects with the addition of the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the use of sodium bicarbonate solution as an adjunct in the treatment of pediatric patients with moderate symptoms through nebulization. Methods: Two matched groups were followed, of which 2 received treatment with sodium bicarbonate solution along with conventional treatment and 2 patients used saline solution plus conventional treatment. Results: Pulmonary auscultation was better in snoring and crackles in patients treated with sodium bicarbonate solution compared to patients treated with saline. Radiological findings, decreased opacity and bilateral consolidations, as well as reduced length of hospital stay (increase) were observed in patients treated with sodium bicarbonate solution. Conclusion: The use of sodium bicarbonate solution as an adjunct in the treatment of COVID-19 improved the prognosis compared to conventional treatment in pediatric patients.

The data in this supplemental document is to support the Bicarbonate of Soda Stripping - Phase I report. This data was used to calculate the titration endpoints for the fresh and spent sodium bicarbonate paint-stripping media. This information was used to determine 1) how much acid would be needed to neutralize the spent media and 2) the amount of carbonate and bicarbonate in the fresh and spent media samples.

I made a spoon to dose the Sodium Bicarbonate easily. I use it to raise the KH of the tap water when I do the water changes in my aquariums. My tap water isn't hard enough and I have to raise the carbonates in it. I use 0,3 g of Sodium Bicarbonate every 5 liters of tap water (previously conditioned). It usually raises the KH by 1 degree in a few hours. This quantity of sodium is not a problem for the fishes or the shrimps.

This article is from Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences , volume 27 . Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of ambient temperatures on carcass characteristics of lambs fed concentrate diets with or without NaHCO3 supplementation. A slaughter study was carried on 12 male Black Belly Barbados lambs randomly drawn from a growth trial (35 weeks). The lambs were divided into four equal groups and allotted in a 2×2 factorial design. The lambs were allotted at random to two dietary treatments of a basal diet (35:65 roughage:concentrate) or basal diet supplemented with 4% NaHCO3 at different ambient temperatures (20°C and 30°C) in an environment controlled chamber for 10 days. Lambs were slaughtered for carcass evaluation at about 262 days of age (245 days of growth trial, 7 days adaptation and 10 days of experimental period). Ambient temperature had significant (p

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Standards Organization: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Committee Designation: CHD 1 Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 2124 : 2023 Title of Legally Binding Document: Sodium Bicarbonate Specification Number of Amendments: 0 Status: Active Additional Info: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New --Jawaharlal Nehru

This article is from The Open Ophthalmology Journal , volume 6 . Abstract Electrogenic Na+-HCO3- cotransporter NBCe1 is expressed in several tissues such as kidney, eye, and brain, where it may mediate distinct biological processes. In particular, NBCe1 in renal proximal tubules is essential for the regulation of systemic acid/base balance. On the other hand, NBCe1 in eye may be indispensable for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Consistent with this view, homozygous mutations in NBCe1 cause severe proximal renal tubular acidosis associated with ocular abnormalities such as band keratopathy, glaucoma, and cataract. The widespread expression of NBCe1 in eye suggests that the inactivation of NBCe1 per se may be responsible for the occurrence of these ocular abnormalities. In this review, we discuss about physiological and pathological roles of NBCe1 in eye.

This article is from Frontiers in Chemistry , volume 1 . Abstract The present research systematically investigated, for the first time, the transformation of sodium bicarbonate and CO2 into sodium formate over a series of Ni based metal nanoparticles (NPs). Ni NPs and eight NiM (M stands for a second metal) NPs were prepared by a facile wet chemical process and then their catalytic performance were evaluated in sodium bicarbonate hydrogenation. Bimetallic NiPd NPs with a composition of 7:3 were found to be superior for this reaction, which are more active than both pure Ni and Pd NPs. Hot filtration experiment suggested the NPs to be the truly catalytic active species and kinetic analysis indicated the reaction mechanism to be different than most homogeneous catalysts. The enhanced activity of the bimetallic nanoparticles may be attributed to their smaller size and improved stability.

This article is from Frontiers in Pharmacology , volume 5 . Abstract Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is associated with poor outcomes including increased mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS) and cost. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is reported to be between 3 and 30% depending on the definition of AKI. We designed a multicenter randomized controlled trial to test our hypothesis that a perioperative infusion of sodium bicarbonate (SB) during cardiac surgery will attenuate the post-operative rise in creatinine indicating renal injury when compared to a perioperative infusion with normal saline. An interim analysis was performed after data was available on the first 120 participants. A similar number of patients in the two treatment groups developed AKI, defined as an increase in serum creatinine the first 48 h after surgery of 0.3 mg/dl or more. Specifically 14 patients (24%) who received sodium chloride (SC) and 17 patients (27%) who received SB were observed to develop AKI post-surgery, resulting in a relative risk of AKI of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.6–2.1, chi-square p-value = 0.68) for patients receiving SB compared to those who received SC. The data safety monitoring board for the trial recommended closing the study early as there was only a 12% probability that the null hypothesis would be rejected. We therefore concluded that a perioperative infusion of SB failed to attenuate the risk of CSA-AKI.

Cancer Cure Sodium Bicarbonate (Full Documentary).

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Standards Organization: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Division Name: Textiles Section Name: Chemical Methods of Test (TXD 5) Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 1560-2 Title of Legally Binding Document: Method for estimation of carboxylic acid groups in cellulosic textile materials -Sodium chloride, Part 2: sodium bicarbonate method Number of Amendments: Equivalence: Superceding: Superceded by: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New --Jawaharlal Nehru Invent a new India using knowledge. --Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Standards Organization: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Division Name: Textiles Section Name: Chemical Methods of Test (TXD 5) Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 1560-2 Title of Legally Binding Document: Method for estimation of carboxylic acid groups in cellulosic textile materials -Sodium chloride, Part 2: sodium bicarbonate method Number of Amendments: Equivalence: Superceding: Superceded by: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New --Jawaharlal Nehru Invent a new India using knowledge. --Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

The feasibility and economics of recovering the spent blast media generated in sodium bicarbonate depainting operations has been investigated. In laboratory-scale tests, a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was convened to sodium hydroxide in an electrochemical cell containing a Nafion cation exchange membrane. Energy consumption was 2 kWh per pound of sodium bicarbonate treated and could be reduced by a factor of two by operating the cell at higher flow rates. The proposed treatment train will essentially eliminate the need for off-site waste disposal, reducing the quantity of solid hazardous waste by over 99 percent and completely eliminating all liquid hazardous wastes. The capital costs of an electrochemical treatment system was estimated to be $19,400 for a plant sized to treat 25 lb/day blast media. Estimated operating costs amount to $2,270/yr, some 90 percent less than the $26,850/yr needed for makeup of the blast media and off-site waste disposal when treatment is not used. The savings of $24,580/yr correspond to a very short payback period of 0.8 years (9.5 months) for the capital cost. It was concluded that by conserving resources and eliminating off-site waste disposal, treating the spent blast media has the potential for significantly reducing the overall costs for depainting.

Obj:Compare IV fat emulsion(IFE) and sodium bicarbonate(SB) in critically ill diphenhydramine(DPH) swine to determine which better improves hypotension(hypo). Method:Swine 45-55kg infused with DPH 1mg/kg/min IV until MAP fell to 60% of baseline (BL), randomized to IFE or SB. Measured HR, SBP, MAP, CO, SVR, & SvO2. Labs for pH, pCO2, bicarb, lactate, & DPH level. DPH level found by liquid chromatography. Results:24 swine, 12 each to IFE & SB group. At BL, vital signs similar in each group. IFE & SB group had similar amt of DPH to hypo(IFE: 31.21mg/kg; SB: 33.28mg/kg). IFE to hypo at mean 32:13min; SB at 34:08min. Post hypo, no difference in IFE & SB groups for CO, SVR, SvO2, QRS, or QTc; though, better HR in SB, SBP in IFE, & MAP in IFE. IFE group died at mean 12:33min; SB at 07:48min. One IFE and two SB pigs survived. Mean total serum DPH levels end of study similar. Mean DPH in lipid layer was 6.8mcg/mL, in aqueous layer 8.6mcg/mL. Conc:No difference in hypo between IFE & SB. IFE didn't improve QRS widening in DPH toxic swine. DPH level similar in aqueous & lipid layers.

Coal mining/handling operations, as well as those of other powder-using industries, are occasionally interrupted by explosions and fires as a consequence of uncontrolled, fugitive flammable dusts. Damage to life and loss of capital are the unsatisfactory results. Hence, the development of powerful fire extinguishing/suppressing agents to stop these holocausts has become an increasingly important scientific challenge in today's energy and safety conscious world. (Author)

Aim: Present study is designed to explore the effect of sodium bicarbonate oral rinse on salivary pH and oral micro flora. Materials and Methods: Twenty five healthy subjects were recruited for the study in department of dentistry in Era Medical College. Subjects were abstained from tooth brushing overnight pre rinse (control) samples were collected after one hour of dinner and were asked to rinse with pre calibrated freshly prepared sodium bicarbonate solution. The salivary samples were then collected the following morning using sterile gauze in marked bottles. Aerobic bacterial culture was done by plating the sample directly from the swab on the surface of Blood agar and Mac Conkeys media respectively. The colony forming units and ph were calculated for the pre rinse and post rinse saliva sample. Result: Results shows that salivary pH increased significantly after sodium Bicarbonate oral rinse. There was a marginal decrease in number of CFU/ml for bacteria especially Viridans Streptococci, Moraxella species. Conclusion: Sodium Bicarbonate oral rinse may be considered as a cheap and effective alternative for chlorhexidine and alcohol based mouth wash, especially where long duration usage is required.

This article is from Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America , volume 58 . Abstract Oral delivery of escalating-dose Salmonella Typhi (Quailes strain) using sodium bicarbonate buffer solution in an outpatient, ambulant-design human infection study demonstrates safety, requires a lower challenge inoculum than that used in historical studies, and offers a unique insight into host–pathogen interactions.

This article is from Heart Views : The Official Journal of the Gulf Heart Association , volume 15 . Abstract Background:: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury [contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)] is one of the major causes of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Volume supplementation is the most effective strategy to prevent acute renal failure caused by contrast; but the effects of sodium bicarbonate regimens are unknown in CIN prevention. The aim of this survey is to compare the efficacy of hydration with normal saline versus hydration with sodium bicarbonate in the prevention of the CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Materials and Methods:: In a clinical trial, 350 patients undergoing coronary interventions were randomized into two groups: One group received normal saline and another group received sodium bicarbonate before and after infusion of the contrast. Patients in both the groups had received N-acetylcysteine. CIN was defined as relative increase in serum creatinine equal to or more than 25% of baseline or increase to 0.5 mg/dl in 48 h after the injection of the contrast. Results:: CIN was seen in 46 patients (13.1%) after coronary interventions. Incidence of CIN in patients receiving normal saline (19.4%) was more than in patients receiving sodium bicarbonate (6.9%) (P = 0.001). Hemodialysis was needed only in one patient who received saline normal. Relative risk to induce CIN in both groups was as 2.8 and was in the range of 1.50-5.25 with confidence interval of 95% and P = 0.001. Thus, the probability of CIN was significantly more in the usage of normal saline. Conclusion:: This survey showed that hydration with sodium bicarbonate is superior to hydration with normal saline and has better protection effects.

This article is from Acta Crystallographica Section F: Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications , volume 69 . Abstract A truncated mutant missing the first 62 residues of the N-terminal, cytoplasmic domain of the sodium-bicarbonate NBCe1-A cotransporter crystallizes in space group P31 with pseudo-P3121 symmetry and a hemihedral twin fraction of 33.0%. Twinned fractions and twin-pair statistics over binned resolutions confirm that the calculated twin fraction is associated with hemihedral twinning and not to non-crystallographic symmetry.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are highly lipophilic medications used to treat posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) is a recent antidote for lipophilic drug overdose with unclear effectiveness. ILE has been studied in TCA overdose in small animals, and cases are reported in humans, but controlled studies in a larger animal model are lacking. Given the high lipophilicity of amitriptyline, a TCA, the hypothesis was that ILE would be more effective than the standard antidote sodium bicarbonate in improving amitriptyline-induced hypotension. The objective was to determine if ILE improved hypotension (defined by a mean arterial pressure [MAP] 60% baseline) compared to sodium bicarbonate for amitriptyline overdose in a critically ill porcine model.

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The effect of both mild and severe acute alkalosis, due to intravenous sodium bicarbonate infusion, on glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and sodium and potassium clearance was investigated on 12 anesthetized dogs. The maximum load used was over 50 gm. of NaHCO3 administered intravenously in 4 hours, at a rate of 2.5 mEq./minute. On a weight basis, in a 70 kg. man, this would be equivalent to a load of 195 gm. of NaHCO3 given at the rate of nearly 10 mEq./minute. The plasma potassium fell from 3.8 to 2.7 mEq./liter, and the plasma sodium increased from 144.4 to 170.8 mEq./liter with maximum NaHCO3 loading. There was no apparent acute detrimental renal effect. No depression of glomerular filtration rate nor of renal plasma flow was seen in any series although the pH increased from 7.32 to 7.61. Similarly no significant effect was seen on blood pressure, hematocrit, filtration fraction, heart rate, or rectal temperature in any series. Urine flow and urine pH increased significantly with higher loading rates and concentrations.

This article is from Physiological Reports , volume 2 . Abstract NBCn1 (SLC4A7) plays a role in transepithelial HCO3− movement and intracellular pH maintenance in many tissues. In this study, we searched PDZ proteins capable of binding to NBCn1. We screened a protein array membrane, on which 96 different class I PDZ protein peptides were blotted, with the C‐terminal domain of NBCn1 fused to GST. Thirteen proteins were identified in these screens: MAGI‐3, NHERF‐1, NHERF‐2, PSD‐95, chapsyn‐110, ERBIN, MALS‐1, densin‐180, syntrophins α1, β2, γ2, MUPP1, and PDZK1. After determining these binding partners, we analyzed the database of known and predicted protein interactions to obtain an NBCn1 interaction network. The network shows NBCn1 being physically and functionally associated with a variety of membrane and cytosolic proteins via the binding partners. We then focused on syntrophin γ2 to examine the molecular and functional interaction between NBCn1 and one of the identified binding partners in the Xenopus oocyte expression system. GST/NBCn1 pulled down syntrophin γ2 and conversely GST/syntrophin γ2 pulled down NBCn1. Moreover, syntrophin γ2 increased intracellular pH recovery, from acidification, mediated by NBCn1's Na/HCO3 cotransport. Syntrophin γ2 also increased an ionic conductance produced by NBCn1 channel‐like activity. Thus, syntrophin γ2 regulates NBCn1 activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that NBCn1 binds to many PDZ proteins, which in turn may allow the transporter to associate with other physiologically important proteins.

Sodium bicarbonate, a natural way to treat cancer.

This article is from BMC Nephrology , volume 15 . Abstract Background: Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) primarily occurs after rapid correction of severe hyponatremia. There are no proven effective therapies for ODS, but we describe the first case showing the successful treatment of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) by plasma exchange, which occurred after rapid development of hypernatremia from intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy. Case presentation: A 40-year-old woman presented with general weakness, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. The patient was treated with oral and intravenous potassium chloride, along with intravenous sodium bicarbonate. Although her bicarbonate deficit was 365 mEq, we treated her with an overdose of intravenous sodium bicarbonate, 480 mEq for 24 hours, due to the severity of her acidemia and her altered mental status. The next day, she developed hypernatremia with serum sodium levels rising from 142.8 mEq/L to 172.8 mEq/L. Six days after developing hypernatremia, she exhibited tetraparesis, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and dysarthria, and a brain MRI revealed high signal intensity in the central pons with sparing of the peripheral portion, suggesting CPM. We diagnosed her with CPM associated with the rapid development of hypernatremia after intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy and treated her with plasma exchange. After two consecutive plasma exchange sessions, her neurologic symptoms were markedly improved except for mild diplopia. After the plasma exchange sessions, we examined the patient to determine the reason for her symptoms upon presentation to the hospital. She had normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, low blood bicarbonate levels, a urine pH of 6.5, and a calyceal stone in her left kidney. We performed a sodium bicarbonate loading test and diagnosed distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA). We also found that she had Sjögren’s syndrome after a positive screen for anti-Lo, anti-Ra, and after the results of Schirmer’s test and a lower lip biopsy. She was discharged and treated as an outpatient with oral sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride. Conclusion: This case indicates that serum sodium concentrations should be carefully monitored in patients with distal RTA receiving intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy. We should keep in mind that acute hypernatremia and CPM can be associated with intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy, and that CPM due to acute hypernatremia may be effectively treated with plasma exchange.

Sodium Bicarbonate - CANCER CURED! Here is Proof!