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There is growing interest in the use of grid-level storage to smooth variations in supply that are likely to arise with increased use of wind and solar energy. Energy arbitrage, the process of buying, storing, and selling electricity to exploit variations in electricity spot prices, is becoming an important way of paying for expensive investments into grid-level storage. Independent system operators such as the NYISO (New York Independent System Operator) require that battery storage operators place bids into an hour-ahead market (although settlements may occur in increments as small as 5 minutes, which is considered near "real-time"). The operator has to place these bids without knowing the energy level in the battery at the beginning of the hour, while simultaneously accounting for the value of leftover energy at the end of the hour. The problem is formulated as a dynamic program. We describe and employ a convergent approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm that exploits monotonicity of the value function to find a revenue-generating bidding policy; using optimal benchmarks, we empirically show the computational benefits of the algorithm. Furthermore, we propose a distribution-free variant of the ADP algorithm that does not require any knowledge of the distribution of the price process (and makes no assumptions regarding a specific real-time price model). We demonstrate that a policy trained on historical real-time price data from the NYISO using this distribution-free approach is indeed effective.

We describe a programming model called PTIDES (Programming Temporally Integrated Distributed Embedded Systems), that extends the discrete-event model of computation with a carefully chosen relationship between real time and model time. PTIDES provides a framework for exploring a family of execution strategies for distributed embedded systems. Our objective in this paper is to present an execution strategy that 1) allows independent events to be processed out of time stamp order, 2) uses clock synchronization as a replacement for null message communication across distributed platforms, 3) defines a notion of when events are safe to process and 4) presents an implementation of a PTIDES model. This work puts forward an execution strategy that is aggressive in concurrent execution of events.

Equational Programming Language, abbreviated EPL, has been designed and implemented at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to increase productivity of programmers in the area of real-time and parallel programming. EPL is a simple non-strict functional language with type inference. The language is defined in terms of just a few constructs: generalized arrays and subscripts for the data value definitions, ports for process interactions and virtual processors for execution directives. Yet, its powerful complier can generate object code for a variety of parallel and distributed architectures. The compilation is based on conditional data dependence analysis and data attribute propagation. The interplay between the user supplied annotations and complier transformation has also been investigated. The software tools for integration of EPL programs into a parallel computation have been developed.

As the Navy adopts COTS processors for signal processing systems, there is a need for desktop workstations with either embedded or attached COTS processing systems to act as platforms for development and maintenance of algorithms for embedded signal processing systems. Under the basic Phase II program, MCCI has integrated the PGM based Autocoding Toolset developed under the DARPA funded RASSP program with rapid prototyping tools developed under this SBIR. In the Phase II option program, MCCI demonstrated use of the PGM programming environment for high performance workstations by implementing five (5) application graphs representative of submarine sonar passive broadband and narrowband processing. Requirements specifications were implemented as PGM graphs and autocoded into executable code. Test signal generators and displays were developed to allow exercising the applications on the company's high performance multi-computer workstation. The report describes each application, PGM graphs, and examples of output from the autocoded implementations.

As the Navy adopts COTS processors for signal processing systems, there is a need for desktop workstations with either embedded or attached COTS processing systems to act as platforms for development and maintenance of algorithms for embedded signal processing systems. Under the basic Phase II program, MCCI has integrated the PGM based Autocoding Toolset developed under the DARPA funded RASSP program with rapid prototyping tools developed under this SBIR. In the Phase II option program, MCCI demonstrated use of the PGM programming environment for high performance workstations by implementing five (5) application graphs representative of submarine sonar passive broadband and narrowband processing. Requirements specifications were implemented as PGM graphs and autocoded into executable code. Test signal generators and displays were developed to allow exercising the applications on the company's high performance multi-computer workstation. The report describes each application, PGM graphs, and examples of output from the autocoded implementations.

Math Toolkit For Real Time Programming, Jack Crenshaw.

The NASA Lewis Research Center is developing and evaluating experimental hardware and software systems to help meet future needs for real time simulations of air-breathing propulsion systems. The Real Time Multiprocessor Simulator (RTMPS) project is aimed at developing a prototype simulator system that uses multiple microprocessors to achieve the desired computing speed and accuracy at relatively low cost. Software utilities are being developed to provide engineering-level programming and interactive operation of the simulator. Two major software development efforts were undertaken in the RTMPS project. A real time multiprocessor operating system was developed to provide for interactive operation of the simulator. The second effort was aimed at developing a structured, high-level, engineering-oriented programming language and translator that would facilitate the programming of the simulator. The Real Time Multiprocessor Programming Language (RTMPL) allows the user to describe simulation tasks for each processor in a straight-forward, structured manner. The RTMPL utility acts as an assembly language programmer, translating the high-level simulation description into time-efficient assembly language code for the processors. The utility sets up all of the interfaces between the simulator hardware, firmware, and operating system.

This paper proposes real-time sequential convex programming (RTSCP), a method for solving a sequence of nonlinear optimization problems depending on an online parameter. We provide a contraction estimate for the proposed method and, as a byproduct, a new proof of the local convergence of sequential convex programming. The approach is illustrated by an example where RTSCP is applied to nonlinear model predictive control.

This paper proposes real-time sequential convex programming (RTSCP), a method for solving a sequence of nonlinear optimization problems depending on an online parameter. We provide a contraction estimate for the proposed method and, as a byproduct, a new proof of the local convergence of sequential convex programming. The approach is illustrated by an example where RTSCP is applied to nonlinear model predictive control.

The major research accomplishments supported by the grant were: (1) predicting the Deterministic Timing Behavior of Programs. Much work was done in developing concepts and techniques to predict the deterministic execution times of sequential and parallel programs. This also included substantial experimental work and the construction of software tools to validate our ideas and methodology, especially for sequential programs. The basis for this work was our notion of source program timing schema that provided a machine-independent timing semantics for higher-level language software. (2) Specifying Requirements and Designs for Real-Time Systems. A new specification method, called communicating real-time state machines, was invented for describing requirements and designs of distributed real-time systems. (3) Other Research - We designed a methodology for the software engineering of real-time operating systems, based on a straightforward process/abstract-data-type (object) model, and built an operating system kernel using our scheme.

This report describes the results of implementing an interrupt handler totally in Ada for a MicroVax II/VAXELN 2.3 target system, the VAXELN 1.1 Ada compiler, and a KWV11-C programmable real-time clock. It provides an overview of VAXELN interrupt handlers and the operation of the real-time clock; discusses and demonstrates the use of VAXELN kernel services to establish a link between the clock's interrupt and the starting address an interrupt service routine; presents an Ada package of interfaces to the KWV11-C device; provides Ada source code examples demonstrating the use of this package; and presents relevant observations, recommendations, and measurement results.

This report describes the results of implementing an interrupt handler totally in Ada for a MicroVax II/VAXELN 2.3 target system, the VAXELN 1.1 Ada compiler, and a KWV11-C programmable real-time clock. It provides an overview of VAXELN interrupt handlers and the operation of the real-time clock; discusses and demonstrates the use of VAXELN kernel services to establish a link between the clock's interrupt and the starting address an interrupt service routine; presents an Ada package of interfaces to the KWV11-C device; provides Ada source code examples demonstrating the use of this package; and presents relevant observations, recommendations, and measurement results.

Two difficulties that arise in controlling a robot arm (plant) are the changes in inertia and the lack of a velocity feedback. The inertia of the arm varies when the robot picks up or releases a load and the velocity would need a tachometer to be measured (expensive and not practical). One way to overcome those problems is to use an autoadaptive model to represent the plant. If the model 'follows' the plant transfer function and both have the same input, the model can have velocity feedback and the effects will be reflected in the plant. The solution presented above was investigated and simulated in DSL by Kenneth R. Wikstrom, in his thesis from NPS in September of 1986. In the present research, a hardware and assembly software was designed and implemented based on the same structure mentioned in that thesis. The block diagram and autoadaptive algorithm were slightly modified and the plant was simulated in a dedicated analog computer. Two transfer functions were tested in the analog plant: a disk drive motor and a robot motor. (Author) Keywords: Subroutines; microprocessors.

The role of high-level languages in the preparation of real time flight software is discussed.

The role of high-level languages in the preparation of real time flight software is discussed.

We present MGPU, a C++ programming library targeted at single-node multi-GPU systems. Such systems combine disproportionate floating point performance with high data locality and are thus well suited to implement real-time algorithms. We describe the library design, programming interface and implementation details in light of this specific problem domain. The core concepts of this work are a novel kind of container abstraction and MPI-like communication methods for intra-system communication. We further demonstrate how MGPU is used as a framework for porting existing GPU libraries to multi-device architectures. Putting our library to the test, we accelerate an iterative non-linear image reconstruction algorithm for real-time magnetic resonance imaging using multiple GPUs. We achieve a speed-up of about 1.7 using 2 GPUs and reach a final speed-up of 2.1 with 4 GPUs. These promising results lead us to conclude that multi-GPU systems are a viable solution for real-time MRI reconstruction as well as signal-processing applications in general.

A real-time multiprocessor programming language (RTMPL) has been developed to provide for high-order programming of real-time simulations on systems of distributed computers. RTMPL is a structured, engineering-oriented language. The RTMPL utility supports a variety of multiprocessor configurations and types by generating assembly language programs according to user-specified targeting information. Many programming functions are assumed by the utility (e.g., data transfer and scaling) to reduce the programming chore. This manual describes RTMPL from a user's viewpoint. Source generation, applications, utility operation, and utility output are detailed. An example simulation is generated to illustrate many RTMPL features.

A comparison of the key features of eight well known real time programming languages in relation to their use for industrial computer systems. (Author)

An introduction to Erlang, the programming language. This film was made 

An introduction to Erlang, the programming language. This film was made 

25 p. 28 cm

25 p. 28 cm

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. mit :: mitre :: ESD Technical Reports :: ESD-TR-87-195 VAXELN Experimentation Programming a Real-Time Periodic Task Dispatcher Using VAXELN Ada 1.1 Nov87

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. mit :: mitre :: ESD Technical Reports :: ESD-TR-87-195 VAXELN Experimentation Programming a Real-Time Periodic Task Dispatcher Using VAXELN Ada 1.1 Nov87

Analytic models of two computer generated time series (Logistic map and Rossler system) and two real time series (ion saturation current in Aditya Tokamak plasma and NASDAQ composite index) are constructed using Genetic Programming (GP) framework. In each case, the optimal map that results from fitting part of the data set also provides a very good description of rest of the data. Predictions made using the map iteratively range from being very good to fair.

Analytic models of two computer generated time series (Logistic map and Rossler system) and two real time series (ion saturation current in Aditya Tokamak plasma and NASDAQ composite index) are constructed using Genetic Programming (GP) framework. In each case, the optimal map that results from fitting part of the data set also provides a very good description of rest of the data. Predictions made using the map iteratively range from being very good to fair.

This report describes the design and development of a real-time baseband LPC speech coder that transmits high-quality speech over a 9600 bps synchronous channel with bit-error rates of up to 1%. Presented are the results of our investigation of a number of aspects of the baseband LPC coder with the goal of maximizing the quality of the transmitted speech. Important among these aspects are: baseband width, baseband coding, high-frequency regeneration, and error-protection of important transmission parameters. The report also includes the system design, detailed documentation, and program listings of the MAP-300 real-time implementation of the optimized speech coder. This report is bound in two volumes. Volume I contains the text of the report, and Volume II contains the program listings of the MAP-300 speech coder implementation. (Author)

This report describes the design and development of a real-time baseband LPC speech coder that transmits high-quality speech over a 9600 bps synchronous channel with bit-error rates of up to 1%. Presented are the results of our investigation of a number of aspects of the baseband LPC coder with the goal of maximizing the quality of the transmitted speech. Important among these aspects are: baseband width, baseband coding, high-frequency regeneration, and error-protection of important transmission parameters. The report also includes the system design, detailed documentation, and program listings of the MAP-300 real-time implementation of the optimized speech coder. This report is bound in two volumes. Volume I contains the text of the report, and Volume II contains the program listings of the MAP-300 speech coder implementation. (Author)

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. intel :: iRMX :: iRMX III :: Real-Time and Systems Programming for PCs 1993

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. mitre :: ESD Technical Reports :: ESD-TR-87-195 VAXELN Experimentation Programming a Real-Time Periodic Task Dispatcher Using VAXELN Ada 1.1 Nov87

This survey provides a summary description of some of the major Ada benchmarks currently available and an evaluation of their applicability to the Ada Embedded Systems Testbed (AEST) Project at the Software Engineering Institute. The benchmarks discussed are: the University of Michigan benchmarks, the ACM Performance Issues Working Group (PIWG) benchmarks, and the prototype Ada Compiler Evaluation Capability (ACEC) of the Institute for Defense Analyses. The primary purpose for the Ada Embedded Systems Testbed (AEST) project at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is to develop a solid in-house support base of hardware, software, and personnel to permit the investigation of a wide variety of issues related to software development for real-time embedded systems. Two of the most crucial issues to be investigated are the extent and quality of the facilities provided by Ada run-time support environments. The SEI support base will make it possible to determine assessments of the readiness of the Ada language and Ada tools to develop embedded systems. The AEST Project testbed is essentially a host-target environment. It is hoped that some, if not all, of the benchmarks may be used to determine Ada performance characteristics on the testbed target initially a DEC MicroVAX II running the VAXELN real-time executive, and later a Motorola MC68020 microprocessor. A MIL-STD-1750A processor is also a possible future target.

The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with some technical information and observations, Ada source code, and measurement results based on experimental with respect to developing a real-time periodic task dispatcher in Ada. The results presented here are specific to a uVAX-II/VAXELN 2.3 target system, the VAXELN 1.1 Ada compiler, and a KWV11-C programmable real- time clock. Specifically, these results provide answers to the question: How can one achieve the effect of scheduling a set of periodic Ada tasks when the runtime frequency of some of the individual tasks is less than the clock cycle frequency supported by an Ada runtime implementation? The Ada Embedded Systems Testbed Projects investigate approach promotes three typical stages to developing real-time systems: benchmarking; experimentation and prototyping; and designing, coding, and testing an application. To study the performance characteristics of Ada cross-compilers, we are running several existing benchmark test suites to explore the time, space, and capacity constraints associated with individual Ada features.

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. ibm :: series1 :: GC34-0102-0 Real Time Programming System Introduction and Planning Feb77

Information Sharing Protocol Advanced Tool of Math (ISPATOM) is an application program allowing for the streamlined generation of comps, which subscribe to streams of incoming telemetry data, perform any necessary computations on the data, then send the data to other programs for display and/or further processing in NASA mission control centers. Heretofore, the development of comps was difficult, expensive, and time-consuming: Each comp was custom written manually, in a low-level computing language, by a programmer attempting to follow requirements of flight controllers. ISPATOM enables a flight controller who is not a programmer to write a comp by simply typing in one or more equation( s) at a command line or retrieving the equation(s) from a text file. ISPATOM then subscribes to the necessary input data, performs all of necessary computations, and sends out the results. It sends out new results whenever the input data change. The use of equations in ISPATOM is no more difficult than is entering equations in a spreadsheet. The time involved in developing a comp is thus limited to the time taken to decide on the necessary equations. Thus, ISPATOM is a real-time dynamic calculator.

ix, 190 p. 23 cm

Possible supermarket gang stalking/ harassment/surveillance

This report describes the MITRE developed automatic programming system ISFI and the attempt to use this system in the production and modification of small to moderate sized real-time programs. ISFI is a knowledge- based automatic programming system that has been developed at MITRE during the past 5 years. The ISFI system is based upon the theory that networks of constraints are an appropriate knowledge representation tool for many domains, and illustrates a number of techniques such as propagation and transformation that facilitate inference in constraint networks as a method for code synthesis. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Knowledge-based systems; Automatic programming; Real time; Software.

This report describes the MITRE developed automatic programming system ISFI and the attempt to use this system in the production and modification of small to moderate sized real-time programs. ISFI is a knowledge- based automatic programming system that has been developed at MITRE during the past 5 years. The ISFI system is based upon the theory that networks of constraints are an appropriate knowledge representation tool for many domains, and illustrates a number of techniques such as propagation and transformation that facilitate inference in constraint networks as a method for code synthesis. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Knowledge-based systems; Automatic programming; Real time; Software.

The effects of knowledge of results (KR) and monetary reward on six hours of uninterrupted monitoring of a complex visual display were examined. Comparisons were made among groups receiving: no KR about response adequacy, KR, KR plus monetary reward or penalty determined by response adequacy, and KR plus reward in practice but not during the criterion session. In addition, comparison was made between the no-KR group and a similar one run by Webber and Adams (1), where a rest had been given after three hours of a six-hour monitoring period. All groups showed performance decrements of small magnitude. The manipulation of KR and reward failed to deter decrement; however, reward in addition to KR did enhance overall performance. KR alone did not facilitate performance, contrary to results from other studies. Training under KR plus reward did not enhance criterion performance when no KR or reward was provided. In support of previous research, man's monitoring capabilities over extended time periods seem adequate for modern systems.

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. sel :: 810 :: A Real-Time Multi-Programming System for the SEL 810A 1972

Data processing equipment and procedures for real time programming system used with Gemini manned missions

xii, 386 p.: 24 cm. -

xii, 386 p.: 24 cm. -

xii, 386 p.: 24 cm. -

17 p. 28 cm

17 p. 28 cm

ADA176782

ADA176782

Includes index

Includes index