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Between fiscal years 2004 and 2009, Congress appropriated nearly $190 million in federal payments for school improvement to the District of Columbia (D.C.). This includes $85 million to the state education office--currently the Office of the State Superintendent of Education (OSSE)--to expand public charter schools and $105 million to D.C. Public Schools (DCPS) to improve education in public schools. Over the years, US Government Accountability Office (GAO) and others have identified challenges that DCPS and OSSE face in managing federal monies. This report identifies, on the basis of available information, activities for which OSSE and DCPS used federal payments between 2004 and 2009 and describes how OSSE and DCPS monitored grant and contract recipients, respectively. GAO reviewed expenditure data and interviewed and collected documentation from OSSE and DCPS, among others. GAO reviewed all available grants awarded by OSSE in 2008 and 2009 and 14 of the largest contracts awarded by DCPS during that time. To improve internal controls, GAO recommends that the Mayor direct OSSE and DCPS to establish and implement written policies and procedures for monitoring use of federal payments for school improvement, and DCPS to maintain contract files and other expenditure documentation. The District agreed with GAO's recommendations and provided additional information on steps taken to improve internal controls. Appended are: (1) Scope and Methodology; (2) Information on DCPS File Review of Selected Contracts from 2008-2009; (3) Comments from the D.C. Mayor's Office and District Education Offices; and (4) GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments. (Contains 3 tables and 5 figures and 24 footnotes.)

The purpose of this volume is to present the results of our research regarding the impact of the distributed system environment on internal controls. The discussion in this volume addresses general EDP procedures (e.g. environmental controls). General EDP procedures are concerned with overall organization, policies, procedures and controls which are common to all EDP applications. Because of the interrelated nature of application controls and the auditor's evaluation of internal controls, application controls will be considered in Task 4 of this project.

A document discusses a thin layer of composite material, made from nano scale particles of nickel and Teflon, placed within a battery cell as a layer within the anode and/or the cathode. There it conducts electrons at room temperature, then switches to an insulator at an elevated temperature to prevent thermal runaway caused by internal short circuits. The material layer controls excess currents from metal-to-metal or metal-to-carbon shorts that might result from cell crush or a manufacturing defect

As part of GAO'S audits of the Air Force's financial management and operations for fiscal years 1988 and 1989, GAO evaluated the Air Force Systems Command's internal accounting controls and financial reporting systems. For fiscal year 1988 and 1989, the Systems Command received about $26.7 billion and $32.4 billion, respectively, in appropriated funds. This report discusses the results of our audits of the Systems Command.

Part 14 of the February 2014 committee of the whole meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

This GAO report involves a study of the effectiveness of internal controls that federal managers use for assuring that payments by Medicare intermediaries are made in accordance with federal laws and are adequately safeguarded against fraud, waste, and abuse. Intermediaries are the Health Care Financing Administration's (HCFA'S) Medicare agents that pay for services provided primarily by hospitals and other institutional providers. Organizations that pay for services provided by physicians and other noninstitutional providers are called carriers. This report focuses on HCFA'S controls over intermediaries. Internal controls are an integral part of systems that managers use to guide their operations. They include an agency's organization and methods and procedures used to ensure that 1) resource use is consistent with laws, regulations, and policies; 2) resources are safeguarded against waste, loss, and misuse; and 3) reliable data are obtained, maintained, and fairly disclosed in reports.

Our overall objective was to determine whether the DoD Agency-Wide financial statements for FY 1999 were prepared in accordance with Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 97-01, Form and Content of Agency Financial Statements, October 16, 1996, as amended January 7, 2000. We also evaluated internal controls and compliance with laws and regulations.

Part 8 of the January 2014 committee of the whole meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

Part 8 of the January 2014 committee of the whole meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

Part 8 of the January 2014 committee of the whole meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

In December 1998, the United States responded to a request by the Russian Federation for food aid that was triggered by the twin effects of one of the lowest Russian grain harvests in decades and a severe financial crisis. The United States agreed to provide 3.7 million metric tons of food aid in fiscal year 1999 at a cost of approximately $1.1 billion (including commodity and freight costs). Most of the food aid was sold by the Russian government to regional mills and processors and is expected to raise about $353.2 million for the Russian Pension Fund and $2.3 million for agricultural projects in Russia. A small portion of the U.S. food aid was donated to Russian social institutions to feed some of the most needy people. The fiscal year 1999 program, which is administered by the Department of Agriculture's Foreign Agricultural Service, was one of the largest food aid programs to a single nation in the history of U.S. food aid. Out of concern over the size and complexity of the U.S. food aid program, as well as the well publicized allegations of corruption and misappropriation of government resources in Russia, you requested the General Accounting Office was asked to evaluate how the Foreign Agricultural Service monitored the distribution of U.S. food aid commodities and funds generated from their sale. A key factor in helping managers achieve program objectives and minimize operational problems and risk of fraud and abuse is the implementation of appropriate internal controls. This report focuses on the internal controls used by the Foreign Agricultural Service in its management of the fiscal year 1999 government-to-government food aid programs to Russia.

Our objective was to determine whether the internal controls over the Department of the Navy's military equipment baseline were adequate. Specifically, we assessed the effectiveness of the Department of the Navy's internal controls over the valuation, rights and obligations, and completeness of military equipment programs. See Appendix A for a discussion of the scope and methodology, a review of internal controls, and for prior coverage related to the objectives.

Includes bibliographical references and index

The purpose of this interim report is to summarize the results of our survey and documentation of present Navy internal control and auditing practices related to distributed systems and present our research findings on the impact of distributed systems on internal control. The overall objective of this engagement is to assist the Navy in developing improved internal controls and EDP audit capability in the area of distributed systems and minicomputers.

Document number CIA-RDP70-00241R000300030001-0 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

The purpose of this research is to determine whether there are differences in perceptions between approving officials (AOs) and cardholders (CHs) regarding internal controls within the Government Purchase Card Program (GPCP) at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). A main component of the research is a voluntary and anonymous online survey deployed to the AOs and CHs at NPS. Results from the analysis of the survey data can be used to identify areas of improvement within the GPCP. Based on the data analysis, there were eight significant differences in perceptions of internal controls between AOs and CHs. They were identified in three of the five internal control components: risk assessment, information and communication, and monitoring activities. The data analysis revealed that AOs generally responded more positively than CHs, implying that AOs may perceive the strength of the GPCP's internal controls to be stronger than the CHs perceive them. In addition, there were survey items to which both AO and CH responded strongly, which included such things as password protection, separation of duties, and adequate fraud education. Both strong and weak internal controls have implications on auditability. The analysis identified potential implications of internal controls, or lack thereof, on auditability within the GPCP at NPS.

In order to develop adequate models for the kinetics of growth of cell populations,it is necessary to know the generation time distribution for the individualcells and the degree to which the generation times of related individuals areassociated. In essence, the generation time of a cell is that period between successivecell divisions, that is, the period between the birth of the cell by fissionof its parent and the later instant at which its own fission occurs. In practice,the generation times of cells are measured by recording the passage of someparticular state during or near fission as the individual cells are observed atsuccessive times. This state must be chosen with some caution since any variabilityin its passage will cause a corresponding loss of resolution in the measuredgeneration time distribution and will lead to an unduly negative correlationbetween successive generation times.

The Property and Equipment Policy Office (P&EPO) in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics requested that the DoD Office of Inspector General perform procedures to review the military equipment baseline valuation as of September 30, 2006. Officials from both offices discussed and agreed upon objectives for the audit, which included evaluating the reliability of the internal controls over three of the financial statement assertions: valuation, rights and obligations, and completeness. This report is one in a series on DoD military equipment and the second in a series on the Air Force military equipment baseline valuation. Our prior report D-2008-074, ?Internal Controls Over the Air Force Military Equipment Baseline Valuation Effort, discusses the valuation and rights and obligations assertions. This report addresses the completeness assertion for military equipment universe. The final report will summarize all findings for the series and recommend corrective actions, as appropriate.

Part 11 of the March 2014 regular business meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

Perma.cc archive of https://www.councilofnonprofits.org/tools-resources/internal-controls-nonprofits created on 2022-02-17 20:19:58.174427+00:00.

According to a 2010 report, the Department of Defense (DOD) spends over $300 billion each year on contracts to sustain the organization as an operational military force. Since 1992, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has identified contract management within the DOD as an area for high risk in fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement, and the DOD has not provided enough assurance that they are using sound practices in procurement. Failures to meet objectives in cost, schedule, and performance have led to cost overruns, reduced buying power, and a reduction in capabilities throughout contract administration processes. The purpose of this research was to assess internal controls within the DOD contract management processes. This assessment was conducted by analyzing reports from the DOD Inspector General, which noted deficiencies in the contract management processes and weaknesses in the internal control framework. The results of this analysis indicate that, overall, the highest numbers of deficiencies in the DOD were found in Procurement Planning, Solicitation Planning, and Contract Administration. In addition, overall, the highest numbers of weaknesses were found in Contract Environment, Contract Activities, and Risk Assessment. This research may help the DOD address identified problems within internal controls and contract management processes.

Audit Report on Internal Controls and Compliance With Laws and Regulations for the DoD Agency-Wide Financial Statements for FY 1999 (Report No. D-2000-091)  Original URL: https://media.defense.gov/2000/Feb/25/2001715708/-1/-1/1/00-091.pdf

Internal accounts offer schools a faster, more convenient way to handle the income and expenses that result from student fees, school clubs and organizations, field trips, fund-raising, and similar activities. But this convenience also incurs the added risk of fraud. Fortunately, there are proven ways to strengthen internal controls and reduce that risk. When properly structured and executed, strong internal controls can simplify the job of handling accounts outside the central office. In this article, the authors discuss how one can get started on the important task of implementing stronger controls over internal accounts in one's district.

This study describes the multifaceted components of an assessment process. The paper explains a novel approach in which an advisory council participated in a "fun," hands-on activity to rank-order learning outcomes. The top ranked learning competency, as identified by the advisory council, was the need for students to gain a better understanding of internal controls. With this competency identified, the advisory council exercise was then followed-up by a modification in the auditing course. An empirical study, consisting of a control group and a treatment group, was conducted to assess whether performance on an internal control essay question by students now met or exceeded established expectations. The results indicated that students' preliminary understanding of internal controls had been enhanced. The accounting faculty further closed the loop by approving a new internal controls course designed to cover, in greater detail, topics such as the COSO internal controls framework, Sarbanes-Oxley requirements, recent PCAOB statements, and real-world cases involving internal control failures.

Our overall audit objective was to assess the internal controls over DoD Statements of Accountability (SOA) and the reporting of Cash and Other Monetary Assets (COMA) on the DoD Agency-Wide financial statements. Overall, DoD did not have effective controls over the reporting of COMA. DoD disbursing officers do not charge an appropriation when they obtain operating cash from the U.S. Treasury, as required by regulations. This has been the DoD practice since the 1950s. As of September 30, 2007, the cash balance held outside of the U.S. Treasury was $2.6 billion. As a result, DoD is increasing the risk of augmenting its appropriations and causing Antideficiency Act violations. DoD disbursing officers continued to obtain large amounts of cash to use in their daily operations. The persistent use of cash by disbursing officers perpetuated the significant administrative costs of using and holding cash and increased the potential for loss of funds. In addition, Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) did not identify and track the number and dollar amount of cash collections and disbursements made by DoD disbursing stations. As a result, DFAS was not compliant with DoD Financial Management Regulation (DoD FMR) provisions that require audit trails to have sufficient detail to trace transactions from DFAS to their source. In addition, DFAS could not provide an audit universe of cash collections and disbursements for internal reviews and independent external audits. DFAS incorrectly posted SOA line items that were not COMA to the DoD Agency-Wide Balance Sheet. As a result, the DoD Agency-Wide Consolidated Balance Sheet overstated COMA by $11.1 million as of September 30, 2007.

Thomas P. DiNapoli. Period covered: July 1, 2006-August 8, 2008. 2008M-203.

Coastal ocean stratification and optical properties have been analyzed over a month period from Moss Landing to Monterey Bay in Monterey, CA during October 2011. This research utilized measurements from four different observing systems the Tethys long-range propeller-driven AUV, a Spray glider AUV, a SeaHorse moored profiler, and a thermistor chain to evaluate changes in conductivity, pressure, temperature, salinity, and optics over a four week time period. Each instrument observed the ocean structure and propagation of internal tidal bores in coastal areas, capturing the strength of the internal tides and their impact on the bed as they shoal and entrain sediment into the upper water column. The main focus of this field study is to identify oceangraphic processes responsbile for heightened bed stress and the suspension of benthic material on the continental shelf. The primary objectives of this experiment are to (1) determine stratification conditions that are conducive for the generation of internal tidal bores in Monterey Bay, (2) track the presence of enhanced near bed sediment concentration and determine the site of maximum suspension, and (3) identify the generation areas of intermediate nepheloid layers. The combination of moored and mobile instruments provides spatial and temporal views of the resuspension of seabed materials and resolves the processes that control the formation of nepheloid layers over the Monterey Bay shelf.

! fl r Approvj j$ r F Icase 2005/11/28 : CIA-ROP92 0 gQOt)`200080007-9 27 P march 1975 TAT IOURM 1U4 R)R. Deputy Director of Personnel SUBJECT Regulations Concerned with Interns: Controls 2. Of the Regulations which were sent, we feel the fold rin= are of marginal concern, but included them to insure coverage if a~r understanding was not broad enough: included regulations in the BSI) area, Awards or Suggestions. -nor CSC or CIARDS retirement programs. 1. Attached are copies of Regulations in the 0 series x. ich relate to internal control authorities of the Director of Pere.. In the context of our understanding of "inter al controls" hare not - Overseas Panel Review - Prc notion - Supergrade 1,kaagement - Meriagement of Special scientific 'ersor Lel - Pay and Allowances for Missing Persois - Cc i1tants - Pro+xure ent Contracts for Services of irudividt .s Chief, Review Stifff office of Personnel Approved lg~se--ZG05/11/28 CIA-RDP92-0 2 2c0080007-9

OIG-09-32 - Internal Controls in the FEMA Disaster Acquisition Process http://www.dhs.gov/xoig/assets/mgmtrpts/OIG_09-32_Feb09.pdf (Unofficial mirror of http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/241035-oig-09-32-internal-controls-in-the-fema-disaster.html)

The @EU_Commission proposes to prolong internal border controls for a limited period of 3 months - @Avramopoulos https://t.co/fFWIZ68ijq https://t.co/5JKKs0TGMr Dimitris Avramopoulos on temporary internal border controls The European Commission has proposed to prolong proportionate controls at certain internal Schengen borders in Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Norway for a period of a further 3 months.

The @EU_Commission proposes to prolong internal border controls for a limited period of 3 months - @Avramopoulos https://t.co/fFWIZ68ijq https://t.co/5JKKs0TGMr Dimitris Avramopoulos on temporary internal border controls The European Commission has proposed to prolong proportionate controls at certain internal Schengen borders in Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Norway for a period of a further 3 months.

Approved For Release 2008/06/09: CIA-RDP80-00810A007500820008-4 INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 25X1 This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. Sees. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. S-E-C-R-E-T COUNTRY Yugoslavia SUBJECT DATE OF INFO. PLACE ACQUIRED DATE ACQUIRED 1. While the Yugoslav Government has, on the surface, relaxed controls over the individual, it has resorted to a system which in practice exerts tighter control over the populace. To control an enterprise or associa- tion, the Federation of Communists of Yugoslavia (FCY) pickss.:out'.keliable Party members and presents them to the enterprise or association prior to an election of officials. FCY cell members in the enterprise, by force of threats, pressure the non-Party members of the enterprise to vote for their slate of officials. At the same time they prevent non-Party mem- bers from presenting themselves as candidates for the election. Thus, a predetermined set of Party members are elected to managerial positions and are in a position to effectively control the activities of the mem- bers of the enterprise or association. 2. The authority of the directors of commercial enterprises aas been strengthened considerably during recent months. This resulted from the fact that the Workers' Councils started to interpret the law literally and had begun to act as if they were the actual owners of the factories and enterprises. Since it -is.: a very rare case where the Communists are a majority in any factory or enterprise, the regime was faced with the possibility of losing control of the factories and enterprises. The regime's solution to this problem was to invest the directors with more authority, chapgigg any director who did not comply with the directives of the FCY. Activity of the FCY cells in enterprises and institutions has been intensified since November-December 1954. Before that time, the cells use to meet once a month; now they meet once a week. Evidence of their intensified activity is shown by the fact that Party members back the decisions of the director of their enterprise and exert psychological pressure on the workers and members of the Workers' Council who criti- cize or oppose the decision of the director. REQUIREMENT NO. REPORT DATE DISTR. NO. OF PAGES REFERENCES 28 July 1955 25X1 II i 25X1 (Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "## ".) INFORMATION REPORT r ? REPORT Approved For Release 2008/06/09: CIA-RDP80-00810A007500820008-4 Approved For Release 2008/06/09: CIA-RDP80-0081 OA007500820008-4 Approved For Release 2008/06/09: CIA-RDP80-0081 OA007500820008-4

Part 7 of the April 2014 committee of the whole meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

The objective of this inspection was to describe Federal Student Aid's (FSA) control activities over institutional processes for completing verification and reporting verification results in accordance with Federal requirements. The inspection covered award years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 (July 1, 2016, through June 30, 2018). It was found that FSA implemented control activities over institutional processes for completing verification procedures and reporting verification results. Specifically, five significant control activities over these processes were identified: (1) annual compliance audits; (2) program reviews; (3) W code reports; (4) management information system (MIS) reports; and (5) verification guidance. It was found that FSA performed ongoing monitoring of the verification guidance control activity; but FSA did not monitor the other control activities on a regular basis. However, in September 2018, FSA's Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) group issued a document titled "Verification Internal Review Report" (ERM Report) that described its separate evaluation of the processes FSA had in place to ensure institutions performed verification. It was found that FSA did not address all of the control issues identified in the ERM Report and did not always determine the appropriate corrective actions or complete or document the corrective actions taken. The following recommendations are provided for FSA's Acting Chief Operating Officer: (1) establish and operate monitoring activities, including ongoing monitoring, separate evaluations, or a combination of the two to obtain reasonable assurance of the operating effectiveness of FSA's verification control activities; (2) establish processes to ensure that FSA management evaluates and documents corrective actions, or if corrective actions are not warranted, for verification control weaknesses identified by monitoring activities; and (3) for issues identified with its verification control activities in the 2018 ERM Report and other monitoring activities, ensure that FSA management evaluates and documents corrective actions, or if corrective actions are not warranted. FSA agreed with the findings and all but one recommendation.

Lateral and longitudinal correlations between related cells reveal associations between the generation times of cells for an intermediate period /three generations in bacteral cultures/. Generation times of progeny are influenced by nongenetic factors transmitted from their ancestors.

Contracting continues to play an important role in the Department of Defense (DoD) as a means to acquire a wide array of systems, supplies, and services. More than half of DoDs budget is spent through contracts. With these large dollars spent comes the possibility of fraud in contracting that can subvert the process causing waste and possibly impeding mission accomplishment. The purpose of this research was to analyze DoDs contracting workforces level of fraud knowledge, according to the six phases of contract management, five internal control components, and six procurement fraud scheme categories. This was done through the deployment of a survey consisting of fraud knowledge and organizational perception questions. The survey was completed by contracting personnel at the U.S. Army Mission and Installation Contracting Command. The results displayed differences in fraud awareness and perception among the different contracting phases, internal control components, and procurement fraud scheme categories. Recommendations for improving fraud awareness were also presented as well as areas for further research.

The objective of the audit was to determine whether the DoD Military Retirement Trust Fund Financial Statements for FY 1996 were fairly presented in accordance with Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 94-01, "Form and Content of Agency Financial Statements," November 16, 1993. In addition, we assessed the internal controls and compliance with laws and regulations related to the financial statements. We followed up on conditions noted in our previous audit of the Fund's financial statements. See Appendix A for a discussion of the audit scope and methodology.

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.164721 dc.contributor.author: U.s.general Accounting Office dc.contributor.other: U.s.general Accounting Office dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-06T23:32:23Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-06T23:32:23Z dc.date.copyrightexpirydate: 0000-00-00 dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2020-09-03 dc.identifier: CMU dc.identifier.barcode: 1990050036998 dc.identifier.origpath: /data/upload/0037/003 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/164721 dc.description.scanningcentre: AKCE, Universal Digital Library dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 64 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Akce-universal Digital Library dc.publisher: U.s.general Accounting Office dc.rights: Out_of_copyright dc.source.library: Cmu dc.subject.classification: Executive Reporting dc.title: Executive Reporting On Internal Controls In Government dc.rights.holder: U.s.general Accounting Office

Part 3 of the February 2014 regular business meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

Part 3 of the February 2014 regular business meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

Part 3 of the February 2014 regular business meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

Part 3 of the February 2014 regular business meeting of the Township High School District 208 Board of Education of Cook County in Riverside, Illinois.

This report contains the results of our survey of accounting controls over revenue and expenditures of nine accounting stations within the Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The survey identified weaknesses in internal controls over accounts receivable, collections, disbursements, imprest funds, and obligations. In addition, we noted a lack of audits of internal control procedures by your auditors. Our survey was based on questionnaires designed to identify potential internal control problems and on interviews and discussions with accounting station officials. When responses indicated potential weaknesses, we tested selected transactions to determine if the weaknesses existed, but we did not attempt to establish their extent or the precise corrective actions needed.

Our objective was to determine whether internal controls properly support and account for Naval Special Warfare Command's 511 line items totaling $86.9 million in obligations and $49.2 million in expenditures in support of the Global War on Terror (GWOT). We compared supporting documentation for 45 line items totaling $14.2 million in obligations and $8.9 million in expenditures to the FY 2008 Naval Special Warfare Command GWOT Report. We tested internal controls over comptroller operations for: justifying funds spent, accounting for existence of assets and other associated supporting documentation for items purchased with GWOT funds, reporting obligated and expended amounts, capturing reported amounts, and maintaining supporting documentation for financial transactions.

This report sought to assess whether campuses of the State University of New York (SUNY) have established adequate controls for safeguarding cash collections at peripheral locations. An audit of 33 selected peripheral locations, such as libraries, intercollegiate athletics, telecommunications, and student advisement, was conducted between April 1992 and December 1993. Attention was focused on those operations that were identified through a preliminary survey as having the greatest probability for needing improvement. The audit found that none of the 33 locations had established all of the basic controls necessary for safeguarding cash collections, as mandated by state regulations. At 27 locations cash handling duties were not adequately segregated from the duties of maintaining cash accounting records, while at 23 locations no independent reconciliation of daily cash collections was made to cash receipts records. At 21 locations, checks were not restrictively endorsed upon receipt to ensure that they would not be negotiated to inappropriate parties. The report recommends that campuses consider an evaluation of the overall peripheral location cash collection risk exposure and the development and issuance of necessary directives to correct cash control weaknesses. Two appendixes list the major contributors to the report and the comments of SUNY officials. (MDM)

Sermon from 10 am at Millian Memorial United Methodist Church - Rockville, MD

Pakistan has the world's sixth-largest standing army, which requires numerous goods and services supplied by contractors to maintain its efficient operation. To ensure the effectiveness of the contract award process, the Pakistan Army financial management officers need further education regarding how to conduct a financial statement analysis on potential contractors. Furthermore, although the Pakistan Army follows its own internal controls and has an audit system, Pakistan Army financial management officers may benefit from the latest research in these areas for better strategic and financial management of the overall military organization. The purpose of this research is to create a best practices educational guide that includes a framework for the processes of conducting a financial statement analysis of a potential contractor, instituting effective internal controls for an army outfit, and assuring the audit readiness of an army organization that will serve to assist Pakistan Army financial management officers. This research concludes that the four steps of financial statement analysis should be adopted, including vertical and horizontal trend analysis, ten financial ratios, bankruptcy analysis, and fraud analysis. This research also recommends implementing the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission internal control framework and the U.S. Department of Defense Financial Improvement Audit Readiness strategy. An educational guide is created as a reference for Pakistan Army financial management officers to enhance their knowledge of financial management matters related to financial statement analysis, internal controls, and audit readiness.

Pakistan has the world's sixth-largest standing army, which requires numerous goods and services supplied by contractors to maintain its efficient operation. To ensure the effectiveness of the contract award process, the Pakistan Army financial management officers need further education regarding how to conduct a financial statement analysis on potential contractors. Furthermore, although the Pakistan Army follows its own internal controls and has an audit system, Pakistan Army financial management officers may benefit from the latest research in these areas for better strategic and financial management of the overall military organization. The purpose of this research is to create a best practices educational guide that includes a framework for the processes of conducting a financial statement analysis of a potential contractor, instituting effective internal controls for an army outfit, and assuring the audit readiness of an army organization that will serve to assist Pakistan Army financial management officers. This research concludes that the four steps of financial statement analysis should be adopted, including vertical and horizontal trend analysis, ten financial ratios, bankruptcy analysis, and fraud analysis. This research also recommends implementing the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission internal control framework and the U.S. Department of Defense Financial Improvement Audit Readiness strategy. An educational guide is created as a reference for Pakistan Army financial management officers to enhance their knowledge of financial management matters related to financial statement analysis, internal controls, and audit readiness.

Military services pay 1.4 million retirees and survivors about $14 billion each year. A GAO audit found that payments could be made to ineligible, fictitious, or dead persons. Important pay systems' controls, designed to ensure proper or correct payments, were inadequate, not followed, or nonexistent. For example, the Navy and Marine Corps lacked adequate separation of duties and internal checks to ensure that payments were made only to those retirees and survivors authorized to receive such payments. After GAO's review, a Navy clerk was indicated for fraud involving payments made to fictitious retirement pay accounts. This report recommends a number of actions needed to improve the effectiveness of internal controls in the military retirement pay systems. Defense has substantially concurred with these recommendations. Also, Defense, which is required to review its internal controls under provisions of the Federal Manager's Financial Integrity Act of 1982, reported that military pay accounting systems need improvement.

The primary audit objective was to express an opinion on whether the financial statements were presented fairly in accordance with Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 94-01, Form and Content of Agency Financial Statements, November 16, 1993. As part of that process, we reviewed internal controls and compliance with laws and regulations and tested accounting transactions to validate the effectiveness of accounting controls. An additional objective was to provide positive assurance on compliance with laws and regulations for the items tested, and provide negative assurance on compliance with laws and regulations for items not tested. Additionally, as required by Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 93-06, Audit Requirements for Federal Financial Statements, January 8, 1993, we followed up on corrective actions resulting from previous audits of the financial statements of DSAA.