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Investigations were conducted in two main areas: the first area is control system design, and the goals were to define the limits of 'digitized S-Plane design techniques' vs. sample rate, to show the results of a 'direct digital design technique', and to compare the two methods; the second area was to evaluate the roughness of autopilot designs parametrically versus sample rate. Goals of the first area were addressed by (1) an analysis of a 2nd order example using both design methods, (2) a linear analysis of the complete 737 aircraft with an autoland obtained using the digitized S-plane technique, (3) linear analysis of a high frequency 737 approximation with the autoland from a direct digital design technique, and (4) development of a simulation for evaluation of the autopilots with disturbances and nonlinearities included. Roughness evaluation was studied by defining an experiment to be carried out on the Langley motion simulator and coordinated with analysis at Stanford.

Investigations were conducted in two main areas: the first area is control system design, and the goals were to define the limits of 'digitized S-Plane design techniques' vs. sample rate, to show the results of a 'direct digital design technique', and to compare the two methods; the second area was to evaluate the roughness of autopilot designs parametrically versus sample rate. Goals of the first area were addressed by (1) an analysis of a 2nd order example using both design methods, (2) a linear analysis of the complete 737 aircraft with an autoland obtained using the digitized S-plane technique, (3) linear analysis of a high frequency 737 approximation with the autoland from a direct digital design technique, and (4) development of a simulation for evaluation of the autopilots with disturbances and nonlinearities included. Roughness evaluation was studied by defining an experiment to be carried out on the Langley motion simulator and coordinated with analysis at Stanford.

The Red River Waterways Project provides for the construction of five locks and dams on the Red River from the Mississippi River to Shreveport, La. The methodology used by the U.S. Geological Survey in studying the effects of the navigation pools on the ground-water-flow regime involved digital modeling of steady-and nonsteady-state conditions. The steady-state model, GWFLOW, computes the head response in an aquifer due to various boundary conditions. The nonsteady-state model, SUPERMOCK, was designed to simulate transient stress and response in an alluvial-flow system. In addition to the simulation models, several computer programs were developed during the study to aid in the preparation of field data for input to the models and in the calibration of the models. Calibration techniques unique to each of the models were developed for the investigation. (Author)

The Red River Waterways Project provides for the construction of five locks and dams on the Red River from the Mississippi River to Shreveport, La. The methodology used by the U.S. Geological Survey in studying the effects of the navigation pools on the ground-water-flow regime involved digital modeling of steady-and nonsteady-state conditions. The steady-state model, GWFLOW, computes the head response in an aquifer due to various boundary conditions. The nonsteady-state model, SUPERMOCK, was designed to simulate transient stress and response in an alluvial-flow system. In addition to the simulation models, several computer programs were developed during the study to aid in the preparation of field data for input to the models and in the calibration of the models. Calibration techniques unique to each of the models were developed for the investigation. (Author)

The Red River Waterways Project provides for the construction of five locks and dams on the Red River from the Mississippi River to Shreveport, La. The methodology used by the U.S. Geological Survey in studying the effects of the navigation pools on the ground-water-flow regime involved digital modeling of steady-and nonsteady-state conditions. The steady-state model, GWFLOW, computes the head response in an aquifer due to various boundary conditions. The nonsteady-state model, SUPERMOCK, was designed to simulate transient stress and response in an alluvial-flow system. In addition to the simulation models, several computer programs were developed during the study to aid in the preparation of field data for input to the models and in the calibration of the models. Calibration techniques unique to each of the models were developed for the investigation. (Author)

A monitoring system and methods are provided for a distributed and recoverable digital control system. The monitoring system generally comprises two independent monitoring planes within the control system. The first monitoring plane is internal to the computing units in the control system, and the second monitoring plane is external to the computing units. The internal first monitoring plane includes two in-line monitors. The first internal monitor is a self-checking, lock-step-processing monitor with integrated rapid recovery capability. The second internal monitor includes one or more reasonableness monitors, which compare actual effector position with commanded effector position. The external second monitor plane includes two monitors. The first external monitor includes a pre-recovery computing monitor, and the second external monitor includes a post recovery computing monitor. Various methods for implementing the monitoring functions are also disclosed.

A monitoring system and methods are provided for a distributed and recoverable digital control system. The monitoring system generally comprises two independent monitoring planes within the control system. The first monitoring plane is internal to the computing units in the control system, and the second monitoring plane is external to the computing units. The internal first monitoring plane includes two in-line monitors. The first internal monitor is a self-checking, lock-step-processing monitor with integrated rapid recovery capability. The second internal monitor includes one or more reasonableness monitors, which compare actual effector position with commanded effector position. The external second monitor plane includes two monitors. The first external monitor includes a pre-recovery computing monitor, and the second external monitor includes a post recovery computing monitor. Various methods for implementing the monitoring functions are also disclosed.

A monitoring system and methods are provided for a distributed and recoverable digital control system. The monitoring system generally comprises two independent monitoring planes within the control system. The first monitoring plane is internal to the computing units in the control system, and the second monitoring plane is external to the computing units. The internal first monitoring plane includes two in-line monitors. The first internal monitor is a self-checking, lock-step-processing monitor with integrated rapid recovery capability. The second internal monitor includes one or more reasonableness monitors, which compare actual effector position with commanded effector position. The external second monitor plane includes two monitors. The first external monitor includes a pre-recovery computing monitor, and the second external monitor includes a post recovery computing monitor. Various methods for implementing the monitoring functions are also disclosed.

A monitoring system and methods are provided for a distributed and recoverable digital control system. The monitoring system generally comprises two independent monitoring planes within the control system. The first monitoring plane is internal to the computing units in the control system, and the second monitoring plane is external to the computing units. The internal first monitoring plane includes two in-line monitors. The first internal monitor is a self-checking, lock-step-processing monitor with integrated rapid recovery capability. The second internal monitor includes one or more reasonableness monitors, which compare actual effector position with commanded effector position. The external second monitor plane includes two monitors. The first external monitor includes a pre-recovery computing monitor, and the second external monitor includes a post recovery computing monitor. Various methods for implementing the monitoring functions are also disclosed.

Research has shown that Asian Canadians tend to underuse conventional mental health services; youths in particular are at heightened risk for mental health issues. Digital health innovations may have a role in improving their access to care, however, limited evidence exists on the extent to which these approaches can address cultural barriers to accessing care for this population. We thus aim to examine how well digital health addresses cultural barriers to mental healthcare accessibility in Asian Canadians, and improves their attitudes towards receiving care.

The interaction of convected vortices with different airfoils was investigated in a transonic duct and a shock tube flow. Different kinks of separation and secondary vortex generation have a governing influence on airfoil-vortex interaction. Steep sound waves propagating upstream are generated at the leading edge. A system for digital processing of flow interferograms has been developed.

Thesis (M.S. in Eng. El.)--U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1965

In this paper, methods of operative analysis of terrain state based on models of digital terrain maps and aero- and space photographs are presented and described. Three main methods are considered. There are method of 3D analysis of relief terrain, method of joint processing remote sensing data and digital terrain maps, method of modelling dynamics of terrain state in the paper . Software and information complex using these methods are desribed. Examples of applications of these methods are given. 

Section: Title Existing models of effective digital skin assessment methods for workplace skin surveillance: a scoping review Section: Introduction Rationale Occupational hand dermatitis is the most frequently recognized occupational skin disease in the United Kingdom, with an estimated 84,000 people experiencing dermatitis caused or made worse by their work. (1-3) It is a particularly important occupational disease in healthcare workers. The 1-year prevalence of self-reported hand dermatitis in healthcare workers in Sweden (9051 workers) and in Norway (2274 workers) was estimated to be 21%. This compares with <10% in the general population. (4) Once an individual has developed irritant contact hand dermatitis the prognosis is poor and the disease is often not picked up until relatively late in the disease, making it harder to treat and increasing the risk of them being unable to continue to work. In a 15-year follow-up study of a Swedish general population sample, about a third of those with hand dermatitis needed on-going medical treatment and 5% experienced long periods of sickness absence, loss or change of job, or retirement from ill-health, as well as adverse economic implications. (6-7) Affected individuals may also experience negative psychosocial consequences, such as sleep disturbance and interference with leisure activities. (8) There is a statutory responsibility under the COSHH Regulations 2002 for employers to carry out health surveillance for hand dermatitis in workers exposed to a known hazard in the workplace and where there is potential for significant exposure. (9) The reality of enforcing health surveillance for hand dermatitis is problematic both employers, workers and healthcare professionals due to logistic and economic issues. Thus, the necessity to find a way to efficiently deliver a surveillance programme. Objective: To identify which methods and modes of digital skin assessment are effective in a workplace setting. Key questions 1. What is the evidence for effective digital skin assessment methods for workplace skin surveillance? 2. What is the context and mode of delivering digital skin assessment methods for workplace skin surveillance? 3. How effective are digital skin assessment methods for the detection of hand dermatitis among at-risk worker groups?

Section: Title Existing models of effective digital skin assessment methods for workplace skin surveillance: a scoping review Section: Introduction Rationale Occupational hand dermatitis is the most frequently recognized occupational skin disease in the United Kingdom, with an estimated 84,000 people experiencing dermatitis caused or made worse by their work. (1-3) It is a particularly important occupational disease in healthcare workers. The 1-year prevalence of self-reported hand dermatitis in healthcare workers in Sweden (9051 workers) and in Norway (2274 workers) was estimated to be 21%. This compares with <10% in the general population. (4) Once an individual has developed irritant contact hand dermatitis the prognosis is poor and the disease is often not picked up until relatively late in the disease, making it harder to treat and increasing the risk of them being unable to continue to work. In a 15-year follow-up study of a Swedish general population sample, about a third of those with hand dermatitis needed on-going medical treatment and 5% experienced long periods of sickness absence, loss or change of job, or retirement from ill-health, as well as adverse economic implications. (6-7) Affected individuals may also experience negative psychosocial consequences, such as sleep disturbance and interference with leisure activities. (8) There is a statutory responsibility under the COSHH Regulations 2002 for employers to carry out health surveillance for hand dermatitis in workers exposed to a known hazard in the workplace and where there is potential for significant exposure. (9) The reality of enforcing health surveillance for hand dermatitis is problematic both employers, workers and healthcare professionals due to logistic and economic issues. Thus, the necessity to find a way to efficiently deliver a surveillance programme. Objective: To identify which methods and modes of digital skin assessment are effective in a workplace setting. Key questions 1. What is the evidence for effective digital skin assessment methods for workplace skin surveillance? 2. What is the context and mode of delivering digital skin assessment methods for workplace skin surveillance? 3. How effective are digital skin assessment methods for the detection of hand dermatitis among at-risk worker groups?

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Standards Organization: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Division Name: Electronics and Information Technology Section Name: Semiconductor and Other Electronic Components and Devices (LITD 5) Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 9501-1 Title of Legally Binding Document: Methods of measurements on electrical characteristics of microcircuits, Part 1: Digital micro circuits Number of Amendments: Equivalence: Superceding: Superceded by: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New --Jawaharlal Nehru Invent a new India using knowledge. --Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda ATTENTION! This standard, Indian Standard IS 9501:Part1:1980, has been declared to be WITHDRAWN is thus no longer active. Superceding standard: Decided by divisional council 06 Sep 2019.

Bibliography: l. 83

A maximum likelihood parameter estimation procedure and program were developed for the extraction of the stability and control derivatives of aircraft from flight test data. Nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom equations describing aircraft dynamics were used to derive sensitivity equations for quasilinearization. The maximum likelihood function with quasilinearization was used to derive the parameter change equations, the covariance matrices for the parameters and measurement noise, and the performance index function. The maximum likelihood estimator was mechanized into an iterative estimation procedure utilizing a real time digital computer and graphic display system. This program was developed for 8 measured state variables and 40 parameters. Test cases were conducted with simulated data for validation of the estimation procedure and program. The program was applied to a V/STOL tilt wing aircraft, a military fighter airplane, and a light single engine airplane. The particular nonlinear equations of motion, derivation of the sensitivity equations, addition of accelerations into the algorithm, operational features of the real time digital system, and test cases are described.

A maximum likelihood parameter estimation procedure and program were developed for the extraction of the stability and control derivatives of aircraft from flight test data. Nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom equations describing aircraft dynamics were used to derive sensitivity equations for quasilinearization. The maximum likelihood function with quasilinearization was used to derive the parameter change equations, the covariance matrices for the parameters and measurement noise, and the performance index function. The maximum likelihood estimator was mechanized into an iterative estimation procedure utilizing a real time digital computer and graphic display system. This program was developed for 8 measured state variables and 40 parameters. Test cases were conducted with simulated data for validation of the estimation procedure and program. The program was applied to a V/STOL tilt wing aircraft, a military fighter airplane, and a light single engine airplane. The particular nonlinear equations of motion, derivation of the sensitivity equations, addition of accelerations into the algorithm, operational features of the real time digital system, and test cases are described.

A maximum likelihood parameter estimation procedure and program were developed for the extraction of the stability and control derivatives of aircraft from flight test data. Nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom equations describing aircraft dynamics were used to derive sensitivity equations for quasilinearization. The maximum likelihood function with quasilinearization was used to derive the parameter change equations, the covariance matrices for the parameters and measurement noise, and the performance index function. The maximum likelihood estimator was mechanized into an iterative estimation procedure utilizing a real time digital computer and graphic display system. This program was developed for 8 measured state variables and 40 parameters. Test cases were conducted with simulated data for validation of the estimation procedure and program. The program was applied to a V/STOL tilt wing aircraft, a military fighter airplane, and a light single engine airplane. The particular nonlinear equations of motion, derivation of the sensitivity equations, addition of accelerations into the algorithm, operational features of the real time digital system, and test cases are described.

Design methods for digital filters used in discrete time control systems are described. The sampling interval is first used as a design parameter. Then new design methods for digital control algorithms that minimize multiplication requirements are developed. Interactive software for aiding the design and implementation of digital control algorithms is described. (Author)

Digital terrain modeling (DTM) is concerned with the digital storage, analysis, and display of surface configuration data (x,y,z) for topographic mapping. The field of DTM is relatively new and growing. Many methods of DTM have been studied and applied to real problems, but two are of concern here: the uniform rectangular grid (URG) and the triangulated irregular network (TIN) methods. This technical note presents preliminary evaluation methodology that will be used to compare the TIN and URG methods in the specific context of Marine Corps ground combat operations.

Automated modulation classification is a fundamental requirement for electronic support measures. Existing automated classifiers use a variety of different modulation recognition techniques. This paper reviews the category of decision-theoretic approaches and discusses the relationships between decision-theoretic methods and other statistical modulation classification methods.

Automated modulation classification is a fundamental requirement for electronic support measures. Existing automated classifiers use a variety of different modulation recognition techniques. This paper reviews the category of decision-theoretic approaches and discusses the relationships between decision-theoretic methods and other statistical modulation classification methods.

Automated modulation classification is a fundamental requirement for electronic support measures. Existing automated classifiers use a variety of different modulation recognition techniques. This paper reviews the category of decision-theoretic approaches and discusses the relationships between decision-theoretic methods and other statistical modulation classification methods.

Automated modulation classification is a fundamental requirement for electronic support measures. Existing automated classifiers use a variety of different modulation recognition techniques. This paper reviews the category of decision-theoretic approaches and discusses the relationships between decision-theoretic methods and other statistical modulation classification methods.

Two methods of secondary ion image quantification are applied to the analysis of a low-alloy steel, evaluated, and compared. The use of ion implantation for providing an internal standard element and for fabricating 'imaging standards' for evaluation of quantification procedure accuracy is investigated and discussed. A basic philosophy is presented for multi-element, multi-feature analysis using ion images, and the use of effective display with the purpose of conveying meaningful compositional morphological information is investigated. (Author)

This report describes the manufacturing technology that will enable detection, identification, and location of digital faults in advanced digital missile electronic systems. Emphasis is placed on the fault diagnosis of large printed circuit boards containing complex digital hybrid microelectronic circuits to be used in the 1980's. The identified technology provides the capability to isolate digital faults to the minimum size component level, using state-of-the-art automatic test equipment. The effort included an industry survey for digital printed circuit board test requirements and available test system capabilities, the development of digital fault isolation methodology, and the identification of the corresponding optimum available automatic test hardware. The subsequent contract option phase of this project involves the purchase, setup, and demonstration of the selected fault isolation hardware/software system, using the developed techniques.

Religious studies have long discussed the comparative notion of »holy« beyond religious, cultural, and linguistic boundaries. In this book, Thomas Jurczyk conducts a diachronic comparison of the meaning and application of two notions and their related word fields that are commonly associated with a broader comparative notion of holy, namely the Ancient Armenian term »surb« and its related words and the English word field associated with »holy«. To compare these two semantic fields, his methodological approach operates on the principle of distributional semantics and applies, among others, tools and methods from the field of corpus linguistics.

This report summarizes the results of an extensive research program on the real-time implementation of multidimensional (M-D) digital signal processing algorithms. We began our study on the efficient implementation of M-D digital filters. We mapped the M-D digital filter to a state space model because the state space model supports local data communications. We studied various approaches to implementing the state space model for M-D digital signal processing applications. We found that the best approach involves mapping the state space model onto a generalized linear finite state machine which facilitates the hardware implementation. Using this approach, we were able to develop a multiprocessor system architecture which is scalable, which is modular, and which has a high efficiency. Based upon these results, we developed the architecture for an application specific computing system which we call a Block Data Flow Architecture (BDFA). We are currently studying the mapping of several other M-D signal processing algorithms and matrix operations to the BDFA. These studies show that multiprocessor systems using the BDFA can achieve high throughput and high efficiency at a modest cost.

Research into the sampling methods of digital beam position measurement 作者： WU Wei-Hao 1 ZHAO Lei 1 CHEN Er-Lei 1 LIU Shu-Bin 1 AN Qi 1 作者单位： 1. State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China 提交时间： 2023-06-18 摘要: A fully digital beam position monitoring system (DBPM) has been designed for SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility). As analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a crucial part in the DBPM system, the sampling methods should be studied to achieve optimum performance. Different sampling modes were used and compared through tests. Long term variation among four sampling channels, which would introduce errors in beam position measurement, is studied, too. An interleaved distribution scheme was designed to address this issue. To evaluate the sampling methods, in-beam tests were conducted in SSRF. Test results indicate that with proper sampling methods, a turn-by-turn (TBT) position resolution better than 1 m is achieved, and the slow-acquisition (SA) position resolution is improved from 4.28 m to 0.17 m. Beam position monitor Analog-digital conversion Digital phase-locked loop Interleaved distribution scheme 期刊： Nuclear Science and Techniques 分类： 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 投稿状态： 已在期刊出版 引用： ChinaXiv:202306.00276 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202306.00276V1 ) DOI:dx.doi.org/10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.26.030402 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202306.00276.V1 推荐引用方式： WU Wei-Hao,ZHAO Lei,CHEN Er-Lei,LIU Shu-Bin,AN Qi.(2023).Research into the sampling methods of digital beam position measurement.Nuclear Science and Techniques.doi:dx.doi.org/10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.26.030402 版本历史 [V1] 2023-06-18 18:11:09 ChinaXiv:202306.00276V1 下载全文

Digital computers are used in several ways to simulate military situations. Three types of these simulations are examined: an off-line simulation using a special simulation language (MILITRAN), a very similar off-line simulation using a general purpose language (FORTRAN 63), and an on-line simulation using FORTRAN 60 and FORTRAN Symbolic. The essential features of a simulation language are identified. These features lead to the identification of a class of problems for which the simulation language is superior to the general purpose language. A sample problem is coded in both MILITRAN and FORTRAN 63. An appendix contains a description of KILITRAN in a format allowing a convenient comparison of features with other languages available at USNPGS. An on-line simulation is presented. It employs and demonstrates some possibilities of the satellite mode of the CDC-1604. On-line simulations are seen to possess advantages over off-line simulations for a large class of users. Areas where these advantages should be more fully exploited are noted. An appendix contains detailed in­structions for writing an on-line simulation for the USNPGS satellite system. The portion of this work involving MILITRAN was accomplished while the author was on temporary duty with ONR in Washington, D.C., during the summer of 1964. The remainder of the work was accomplished at USNPGS.

Digital computers are used in several ways to simulate military situations. Three types of these simulations are examined: an off-line simulation using a special simulation language (MILITRAN), a very similar off-line simulation using a general purpose language (FORTRAN 63), and an on-line simulation using FORTRAN 60 and FORTRAN Symbolic. The essential features of a simulation language are identified. These features lead to the identification of a class of problems for which the simulation language is superior to the general purpose language. A sample problem is coded in both MILITRAN and FORTRAN 63. An appendix contains a description of KILITRAN in a format allowing a convenient comparison of features with other languages available at USNPGS. An on-line simulation is presented. It employs and demonstrates some possibilities of the satellite mode of the CDC-1604. On-line simulations are seen to possess advantages over off-line simulations for a large class of users. Areas where these advantages should be more fully exploited are noted. An appendix contains detailed in­structions for writing an on-line simulation for the USNPGS satellite system. The portion of this work involving MILITRAN was accomplished while the author was on temporary duty with ONR in Washington, D.C., during the summer of 1964. The remainder of the work was accomplished at USNPGS.

DC 10 digital flight data recorder data taken in 1981 through 1982 were analyzed to provide statistical data useful for updating airliner airworthiness design criteria.

Data obtained from the digital flight data recorder system of a L 1011 aircraft in 914 flights and 1619 hours of airline revenue operations are presented. Data on conditions with flap deployment and autopilot use are given. In addition, acceleration statistics are presented from 23 hours on nonrevenue flights.

Data obtained from the digital flight data recorder system of a L 1011 aircraft in 914 flights and 1619 hours of airline revenue operations are presented. Data on conditions with flap deployment and autopilot use are given. In addition, acceleration statistics are presented from 23 hours on nonrevenue flights.

Data obtained from the digital flight data recorder system of a L 1011 aircraft in 914 flights and 1619 hours of airline revenue operations are presented. Data on conditions with flap deployment and autopilot use are given. In addition, acceleration statistics are presented from 23 hours on nonrevenue flights.

Data obtained from the digital flight data recorder system of a L 1011 aircraft in 914 flights and 1619 hours of airline revenue operations are presented. Data on conditions with flap deployment and autopilot use are given. In addition, acceleration statistics are presented from 23 hours on nonrevenue flights.

Data obtained from the digital flight data recorder system of a L 1011 aircraft in 914 flights and 1619 hours of airline revenue operations are presented. Data on conditions with flap deployment and autopilot use are given. In addition, acceleration statistics are presented from 23 hours on nonrevenue flights.

Elementary integration methods for waveguides are compared. One using non-local loading rules based on Heaviside step functions, one using input side integration and one using integration of the output of traveling velocity waves. We show that most approaches can be made consistent with the wave equation in principle, under proper circumstances. Of all methods studied the Heaviside method is the only method shown to not suffer from undesirable numerical difficulties and amendable to standard waveguide loop filtering practices, yet it gives incorrect results for Neumann boundary conditions. We also discuss localized velocity excitations, time-limited input-side excitations and the relation of loop filters to wave variable type.

Elementary integration methods for waveguides are compared. One using non-local loading rules based on Heaviside step functions, one using input side integration and one using integration of the output of traveling velocity waves. We show that most approaches can be made consistent with the wave equation in principle, under proper circumstances. Of all methods studied the Heaviside method is the only method shown to not suffer from undesirable numerical difficulties and amendable to standard waveguide loop filtering practices, yet it gives incorrect results for Neumann boundary conditions. We also discuss localized velocity excitations, time-limited input-side excitations and the relation of loop filters to wave variable type.

Going digital is the way to minimize handling of damaged materials, but the imaging process is demanding and must be done with oversight by preservation staff and with a high enough level of quality to ensure the reusability of the archival electronic file for as long as possible. This paper focuses on the scope and needs of digital preservation, and various types of available preservation methods. The remainder of this paper explores some of the approaches and technological issues facing our profession.

The work reported here is on the extension of the earlier proposal of the same title, August 1994-June 1996. The report for that work is also being submitted. The work reported there forms the foundation for this work from January 1997 to September 1997. After the earlier work was completed there were a few items that needed to be completed prior to submission of a new and more comprehensive proposal for further research. Those tasks have been completed and two new proposals have been submitted, one to NASA, and one to Health & Human Services WS). The main purpose of this extension was to refine some of the techniques that lead to automatic large scale evaluation of full mammograms. Progress on each of the proposed tasks follows. Task 1: A multiresolution segmentation of background from breast has been developed and tested. The method is based on the different noise characteristics of the two different fields. The breast field has more power in the lower octaves and the off-breast field behaves similar to a wideband process, where more power is in the high frequency octaves. After the two fields are separated by lowpass filtering, a region labeling routine is used to find the largest contiguous region, the breast. Task 2: A wavelet expansion that can decompose the image without zero padding has been developed. The method preserves all properties of the power-of-two wavelet transform and does not add appreciably to computation time or storage. This work is essential for analysis of the full mammogram, as opposed to selecting sections from the full mammogram. Task 3: A clustering method has been developed based on a simple counting mechanism. No ROC analysis has been performed (and was not proposed), so we cannot finally evaluate this work without further support. Task 4: Further testing of the filter reveals that different wavelet bases do yield slightly different qualitative results. We cannot provide quantitative conclusions about this for all possible bases without further support. Task 5: Better modeling does indeed make an improvement in the detection output. After the proposal ended, we came up with some new theoretical explanations that helps in understanding when the D4 filter should be better. This work is currently in the review process. Task 6: N/A. This no longer applies in view of Tasks 4-5. Task 7: Comprehensive plans for further work have been completed. These plans are the subject of two proposals, one to NASA and one to HHS. These proposals represent plans for a complete evaluation of the methods for identifying normal mammograms, augmented with significant further theoretical work.

The digitizing procedure used at the Naval Postgraduate School was investigated for possible sources of noise and other errors. Signals of known form were digitized through the Analog-to Digital Hybrid computer system (Ci 5000/XDS9300) . Similar signals were generated by digital programs on the IBM 36O/67. The resultant signals were analyzed by the computer programs UBCFTOR, which computed the Fourier coefficients of each block of data, and by UBCSCOR, which computed the power spectra of the signals. The power-spectral plots of the computer-generated signals were compared with the power-spectral plots of digitized signals. The analog-to-digitital process appeared to be relatively noise free. To further test the system, atmospheric temperature and wind velocity signals were digitized and analyzed under UBCFTOR and UBCSCOR. Plots of the time-varying spectra of these signals compared favorable with results obtained at other digitizing facilities.

In this report a single longitudinal tracker is developed for the aircraft for three different flight conditions. The method used is the singular perturbation method applied to fast-sampling, output-feedback digital control. Each flight condition has three command modes: positive pitch pointing, vertical translation and straight climb. A sensitivity study is performed to validate the design and illustrate design parameter influences on system response. A computer-aided-design program, MULTI, is developed to assist in the iterative design process. The program is fully interactive, user-oriented, and provides error protection. The program allows complete design and simulation of three types of control law designs: known-regular plants, known irregular plants, and unknown plants. The report contains a brief but complete summary of each of these control law design methods. A user's manual and a programmer's manual are provided for further development of the program. (Author)

Ultransonic scanning inspection data has been exchanged among an AUSS-V unit at McDonnell Aircraft, a DuPont CalData system at the North Island NADEP and a Sigma system at the Cherry Point NADEP. The exchange of ultrasonic data for these three incompatible equipments has been accomplished using a neutral format medium compatible with the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP), the exchange specification now under development as the international specification for the exchange of all manufacturing and life cycle data. A commercial product for the exchange of digital nondestructive test data is planned.

Background and Objectives : High-accuracy of soil maps is a powerful tool for achieving land sustainability in agricultural and natural resources. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different feature selection methods with machine-learning algorithms to prepare digital mapping of soil classes at two taxonomic levels from subgroup down to family in the interest region, i.e. Vargar lands of Abdanan city, related to the Ilam province. Materials and Methods : Study area is 1027 hectares with 628.6 mm and 22.6 º C mean annual precipitation and temperature, respectively. Three major physiographic units including Hilland, Piedmont plain and Alluvial plain were considered. Soil moisture and temperature regimes are calculated based on the Newhall model in JNSM 6.1 version software. A total of 44 soil profile observation with random sampling pattern was determined based on standardized soil surveys then digging, description and after sampling from all genetic horizons then soil samples were transferred to the laboratory. Finally, all of the soil profiles were classified based on the soil taxonomy system (2014) down to the family level. Geomorphometric covariates as a representative of soil-forming factors were prepared from the digital elevation model (ALOS PALSAR Satellite,2011) with 12.5 m resolution in SAGA GIS 7.4 version software. Three feature selection approaches included Boruta, Variance inflation factors (VIF) and Mean decrease accuracy (MDA) with two Random forest (RF) and Fuzzy logic data mining algorithms were applied for relating soil-landscape relationship by using “random-forest”, “caret” packages in R 3.5.1 and SoLIM solution version 2015 software’s. Sample-based project used for predicting soil classes in Fuzzy logic modeling process. In total observation profile split into two data set included 80 percent (n=36) for calibrating and 20 percent for validating (n=8) based on bootstraps sampling algorithm random forest. Internal validation of the random forest algorithm was done based on out of bag error percentage (OOB%). The best model performance was determined based on overall accuracy (OA) and kappa index, also for each individual class user accuracy (UA) and producer accuracy (PA) were applied. Results : The results have shown that from a number of 40 geomorphometry covariates, six covariates included Terrain classification index for lowlands, Annual insolation, Topographic position Index, Upslope curvature, Real surface area, and Terrain surface convexity were selected by MDA as the best environmental covariates. Also, the RF-MDA method with overall accuracy of 84% and Kappa index of 0.56 had the best performance compared to other methods (RF_VIF, RF-BO , Fuzzy-MDA) in the subgroup level with 58, 55, 50 and 0.3, 0.67 and 0.18 respectively. Out of bag error results (%OOB) for RF-MDA, RF-VIF and RF-Boruta were obtained that 72.42%, 67.86%, and 82.76% for subgroup level and 93.10%, 93.10% and 86.21% for the family level respectively. while there was little difference between the accuracy of the method at the family taxonomic level and performed similar results in the modeling of soil classes process. The results of the fuzzy approach showed that the kappa index values ​​and overall accuracy of this method were similar to the other three scenarios and there was a slight difference between the accuracy of the results at the soil family level. In the fuzzy method, it was observed that the kappa and overall accuracy values ​​at the subgroup level were lower than the other scenarios. Fuzzy approaches in contrasted to RF modeling prevented continuous spatial variability by generating fuzzy maps for each of the soil classes in the landscape. These results indicate that the random forest method is superior to the fuzzy method in family class mapping and soil subgroups. Based on the MDA sensitivity analysis index, similarly, three geomorphometry covariates included Terrain surface convexity (convexity), Terrain classification index for lowlands (TCI_Low) and Real surface area (Surface_Ar) had the highest importance for predicting soil classes at two taxonomic levels. With regarded to final soil predicted maps area, two classes (Fine-silty, carbonatic, hyperthermic Typic Haplustepts) and Typic Calciustolls with 32.70% and 48.90% and (Fine-silty, carbonatic, hyperthermic Typic Calciustolls) and Typic Haplustepts with 0.18% and 1.85% had the highest and lowest content at family and subgroup maps respectively.   Conclusion : In general, using different variable selection approaches in situations where soil classes have a relatively imbalanced abundance can increase the accuracy of digital mapping in soil studies. Increasing the number of field observations and the use of other environmental variables affecting soil formation can also be used for graduating in prediction low-accuracy soil classes.

We report the discovery of 39 Faint High Latitude Carbon Stars (FHLCs) from Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. The objects, each selected photometrically and verified spectroscopically, range over 16.6 < r* < 20.0, and show a diversity of temperatures as judged by both colors and NaD line strengths. At the completion of the Sloan Survey, there will be many hundred homogeneously selected and observed FHLCs in this sample. We present proper motion measures for each object, indicating that the sample is a mixture of extremely distant (>100 kpc) halo giant stars, useful for constraining halo dynamics, plus members of the recently-recognized exotic class of very nearby dwarf carbon (dC) stars. Motions, and thus dC classification, are inferred for 40-50 percent of the sample, depending on the level of statistical significance invoked. The new list of dC stars presented here, although selected from only a small fraction of the final SDSS, doubles the number of such objects found by all previous methods. (Abstract abridged).

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Standards Organization: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Division Name: Electronics and Information Technology Section Name: Semiconductor and Other Electronic Components and Devices (LITD 5) Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 12970-3-3 Title of Legally Binding Document: Semiconductor devices - Integrated circuits, Part 3: Digital integrated circuits - Measuring methods, Section 3: Dynamic measurements Number of Amendments: Equivalence: Superceding: Superceded by: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New --Jawaharlal Nehru Invent a new India using knowledge. --Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda ATTENTION! This standard, Indian Standard IS 12970:Part3:Sec3:1993, has been declared to be WITHDRAWN is thus no longer active. Superceding standard: IS 12970 (Part 2) : 2021.

Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations determine the amplitude of an amplitude modulated signal, modulated by the position of an object being sensed. In some aspects, the apparatus accepts an excitation signal and the amplitude modulated signal and divides the amplitude modulated by the excitation signal to produce an output signal that is proportional to the position of the object being sensed. In other aspects, the division is performed only when the excitation signal is non-zero, such as close to the peaks in the excitation signal. In other aspects, the excitation signal and amplitude modulated signal are degraded due to an air gap and the degraded signals are used to correct for amplitude fluctuations due to the air gap, and produce an output signal, tolerant of the air gaps, that is proportional to the position of the object being sensed.