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188 pages

188 pages

188 pages

188 pages

The current climate of budget cuts has forced the space mission operations community to reconsider how it does business. Gone are the days of building one-of-kind control centers with teams of controllers working in shifts 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Increasingly, automation is used to significantly reduce staffing needs. In some cases, missions are moving towards lights-out operations where the ground system is run semi-autonomously. On-call operators are brought in only to resolve anomalies. Some operations concepts also call for smaller operations teams to manage an entire family of spacecraft. In the not too distant future, a skeleton crew of full-time general knowledge operators will oversee the operations of large constellations of small spacecraft, while geographically distributed specialists will be assigned to emergency response teams based on their expertise. As the operations paradigms change, so too must the tools to support the mission operations team's tasks. Tools need to be built not only to automate routine tasks, but also to communicate varying types of information to the part-time, generalist, or on-call operators and specialists more effectively. Thus, the proper design of a system's user-system interface (USI) becomes even more importance than before. Also, because the users will be accessing these systems from various locations (e.g., control center, home, on the road) via different devices with varying display capabilities (e.g., workstations, home PCs, PDAS, pagers) over connections with various bandwidths (e.g., dial-up 56k, wireless 9.6k), the same software must have different USIs to support the different types of users, their equipment, and their environments. In other words, the software must now adapt to the needs of the users! This paper will focus on the needs and the challenges of designing USIs for mission operations. After providing a general discussion of these challenges, the paper will focus on the current efforts of creatin(y an effective USI for one specific suite of tools, SERS (The Spacecraft Emergency Response System), which has been built to enable lights-out operations. SERS is a Web-based collaborative environment that enables secure distributed fault management.

The current climate of budget cuts has forced the space mission operations community to reconsider how it does business. Gone are the days of building one-of-kind control centers with teams of controllers working in shifts 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Increasingly, automation is used to significantly reduce staffing needs. In some cases, missions are moving towards lights-out operations where the ground system is run semi-autonomously. On-call operators are brought in only to resolve anomalies. Some operations concepts also call for smaller operations teams to manage an entire family of spacecraft. In the not too distant future, a skeleton crew of full-time general knowledge operators will oversee the operations of large constellations of small spacecraft, while geographically distributed specialists will be assigned to emergency response teams based on their expertise. As the operations paradigms change, so too must the tools to support the mission operations team's tasks. Tools need to be built not only to automate routine tasks, but also to communicate varying types of information to the part-time, generalist, or on-call operators and specialists more effectively. Thus, the proper design of a system's user-system interface (USI) becomes even more importance than before. Also, because the users will be accessing these systems from various locations (e.g., control center, home, on the road) via different devices with varying display capabilities (e.g., workstations, home PCs, PDAS, pagers) over connections with various bandwidths (e.g., dial-up 56k, wireless 9.6k), the same software must have different USIs to support the different types of users, their equipment, and their environments. In other words, the software must now adapt to the needs of the users! This paper will focus on the needs and the challenges of designing USIs for mission operations. After providing a general discussion of these challenges, the paper will focus on the current efforts of creatin(y an effective USI for one specific suite of tools, SERS (The Spacecraft Emergency Response System), which has been built to enable lights-out operations. SERS is a Web-based collaborative environment that enables secure distributed fault management.

Computer Assisted Synthesizer System (CASS), a portable music synthesizer system which can produce tones from ordinary paper and pencil graphs, was developed and its usefulness for music instruction evaluated in this study. After completion of a pilot study to determine the feasibility of developing CASS and to run a trail test period, 28 fifth and eighth grade students were randomly selected to be given instruction utilizing the system. Subjects received six weeks of instruction, and at the end of this period, they were compared with random samples of instrumental music students and with general music students from the same school. The results indicated that the CASS training was as effective as the study of conventional musical instruments. Because of some unexpected results with the general music students, it is considered that another variable, such as motivation, may be of importance in predicting the differential response to the three treatments. (The technical aspects of CASS are described in an appendix.) (Author/SH)

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. genesys :: Process Computer Control Concepts ISA 195907

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. genesys :: Process Computer Control Concepts ISA 195907

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. genesys :: Process Computer Control Concepts ISA 195907

[ Volume 1] The Handbook Of Computer Networks, Key Concepts, Data Transmission, And Digital & Optical Networks

Includes index

Second University of Illinois Conference on Computer Graphics

Second University of Illinois Conference on Computer Graphics

Second University of Illinois Conference on Computer Graphics

The Computer Concepts Wiki dumped with WikiTeam tools.

The Computer Concepts Wiki dumped with WikiTeam tools.

The Computer Concepts Wiki dumped with WikiTeam tools.

This submission updates Volume II to the latest Acquisition Phase specification for Area Control Computer Complex (ACCC), and includes corrections and improvements as necessary. This volume is one of a series of operations concepts for the FAA's Advanced Automation System (AAS). It describes how terminal and en route controllers in the Area Control Facilities may perform their operational jobs in the full ACCC environment with AERA 1 capabilities. ACCC functionally is assumed to be as described in the AAS System Level Specification, 28 August 1987. Included here are: Composition Graphs, showing the logical flow of operational tasks performed in response to or anticipation of external Air Traffic Events; a series of analyses of these tasks, including Task Information Requirements, Cognitive/Sensory Attributes, and Performance Criteria; a User Interface Language aggregating system input and output messages in a hierarchical organization; a decomposition of tasks to their constituent procedural elements; traceability between tasks and supporting ACCC functionally; and sample operational scenarios for each position. Data presented here are generated and maintained using the Computer-Human Operational Requirements analysis System (CHORAS). CHORAS includes an automated task database, specialized graphing capabilities, and display and hard copy output features tailored to the needs of operations concept analysis. Keywords: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Task analysis, Operational scenarios, Composition graphs, Man machine interface, Area control facility.

Although the advent of fast and inexpensive parallel computers has rendered numerous previously intractable calculations feasible, many numerical simulations remain too resource intensive to be directly inserted into engineering optimization efforts. An alternative to direct insertion considers models for computational systems: the expensive simulation is evoked only to construct and validate a simplified input output model; this simplified input output model then serves as a simulation surrogate in subsequent engineering optimization studies. As compared to the direct insertion approach, surrogates offer more complete, efficient, and robust optimization, greater accommodation of prior information, broad applicability to families of objective functions, and a more interactive, flexible design environment. In this project, a validated surrogate methodology was developed which permits economical and reliable integration of large-scale, possibly noisy numerical simulations into engineering design and optimization studies. The project included both the formulation, analysis, and implementation of construction-validations algorithms, and the application of the resulting techniques to problems of scientific and engineering interest. The sample application are intended to be sufficiently simple to permit numerical experiment, yet sufficiently complex to properly stimulate, constrain, and demonstrate the proposed methodology.

The Educational Research Department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg) attempts to go beyond conventional use of a computer laboratory by offering services to further the educational knowledge of its students. Laboratory staff members demonstrate methods needed to accomplish educational tasks for program requirements as they offer appropriate help to novice and experienced users. This set of papers reviews approaches used at the laboratory. An overview is provided by J. C. Fortune and A. L. Packard. "Computer-Based Laboratory (Mini-Courses Aiding Students in Statistical and Research Methods" (C. J. Rogers) describes how these brief courses are used to familiarize students with options available to them. "Opportunity for Educational Support: Open Laboratory and Mini-Courses" (M. W. Cumbow) describes the physical layout, hardware, software, and courses of the educational research laboratory. "In Support of the Research Education of Graduate Students: Free Tutorials" (J. List) describes the free tutorials in software use provided at the Educational Research Computer Laboratory in the areas of: (1) word processing; (2) statistics; (3) mainframe communications; (4) spreadsheets; (5) graphics; and (6) database management. (SLD)

DREV is investigating concepts for the development of a computer based, real time decision support system that can provide combat system operators with advanced support capabilities for countering the current and anticipated threat to the Canadian Patrol Frigate. Among its principal roles, this system will continuously take in data from the ship's sensors and other information sources; support the formulation, maintenance and display of an accurate tactical picture derived by fusing all available data, leading to enhanced situation awareness; and assist in determining and selecting a response to anticipated or actual threats. This document examines a range of concepts for the design of the system, focusing on automation, cognitive and methodological issues. It also exposes preliminary ideas of a novel model based framework that is being developed to support design.

Advert for Computer Concept's Inter-* suite of ROM's for the BBC Microcomputer

HCI is a field which has an increasing popularity by virtue of the spread of the computers and internet and gradually contributes to the production of the user-friendlier software and hardware with the contribution of the scientists from different disciplines. Teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department are individuals to take office in the field of instructional programs and software development. Acquaintance of teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department with the HCI and its findings will enable such candidates to design usable websites and the achievement of message and interface design conforming to the rules. This research was conducted by using the phenomenological research method in order to determine the descriptions and perceptions of teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department in respect of the human-computer interaction and respective basic concepts. Data gathered from the candidates by means of an open-ended question form were analyzed using descriptive analysis. According to the research results, it was seen that teacher candidates described the human-computer interaction and related basic concepts approximately close to the truth. (Contains 5 tables.)

HCI is a field which has an increasing popularity by virtue of the spread of the computers and internet and gradually contributes to the production of the user-friendlier software and hardware with the contribution of the scientists from different disciplines. Teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department are individuals to take office in the field of instructional programs and software development. Acquaintance of teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department with the HCI and its findings will enable such candidates to design usable websites and the achievement of message and interface design conforming to the rules. This research was conducted by using the phenomenological research method in order to determine the descriptions and perceptions of teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department in respect of the human-computer interaction and respective basic concepts. Data gathered from the candidates by means of an open-ended question form were analyzed using descriptive analysis. According to the research results, it was seen that teacher candidates described the human-computer interaction and related basic concepts approximately close to the truth. (Contains 5 tables.)

HCI is a field which has an increasing popularity by virtue of the spread of the computers and internet and gradually contributes to the production of the user-friendlier software and hardware with the contribution of the scientists from different disciplines. Teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department are individuals to take office in the field of instructional programs and software development. Acquaintance of teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department with the HCI and its findings will enable such candidates to design usable websites and the achievement of message and interface design conforming to the rules. This research was conducted by using the phenomenological research method in order to determine the descriptions and perceptions of teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department in respect of the human-computer interaction and respective basic concepts. Data gathered from the candidates by means of an open-ended question form were analyzed using descriptive analysis. According to the research results, it was seen that teacher candidates described the human-computer interaction and related basic concepts approximately close to the truth. (Contains 5 tables.)

Archimedean - Issue 4 (1991)(Computer Concepts)(GB)

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Archimedean - Issue 6 (1992)(Computer Concepts)(GB)

Archimedean, The (1990-09)(Computer Concepts)(GB)

This paper, prepared for a symposium on the interface of computer sciences and statistics, addresses the use of computers in the teaching of statistics. Two principle means of integrating the fields of computer science education with education in statistics are identified: (1) integrating the content of statistics in courses on computers, and (2) using computers as a method of statistics instruction. The first half of the paper provides a review of six textbooks in current use; three present statistical concepts and problems as examples of programming problems, while the remaining three are designed to teach statistics using computers as an aid in problem solving. The second half of the paper is devoted to a review of research and evaluation findings related to computer assisted instruction, simulations, and both interactional and non-interactional statistical packages. A bibliography containing 62 titles is included. (SD)

Realization: In an outcome-based curriculum, some outcomes need to be purposefully developed across courses and years. Result: A retrospective, outcome-based look at an existing curriculum.

This research concerns various ways of using computers for teaching problem-solving concepts and skills. New lines of approach to programmed teaching, programming, and instructional monitoring were investigated in various instructional contexts including mathematics, physics, and medicine. Four programming systems--Mentor, Stringcomp, Simon, and Logo--were designed and used as an integral part of these investigations. The systems are described and their capabilities demonstrated in instructional applications of several kinds. The work suggests some new ways in which computers might make valuable contributions to education. (1) The teaching of appropriate programming languages can provide a conceptual and operational framework for the teaching of mathematics. (2) Utilizing diagnostic cues, instructional monitors can enhance the teaching of practical subjects (navigation, languages, music) whose mastery requires the integration of mechanical and intellectual skills.

A computer modeling tool is being developed to assess candidate designs for the Space Station Data Management System (DMS). The DMS is to be a complex distributed computer system including the processor, storage devices, local area networks, and software that will support all processing functions onboard the Space Station. The modeling tool will allow a candidate design for the DMS, or for other subsystems that use the DMS, to be evaluated in terms of parameters. The tool and its associated modeling methodology are intended for use by DMS and subsystem designers to perform tradeoff analyses between design concepts using varied architectures and technologies.

A computer modeling tool is being developed to assess candidate designs for the Space Station Data Management System (DMS). The DMS is to be a complex distributed computer system including the processor, storage devices, local area networks, and software that will support all processing functions onboard the Space Station. The modeling tool will allow a candidate design for the DMS, or for other subsystems that use the DMS, to be evaluated in terms of parameters. The tool and its associated modeling methodology are intended for use by DMS and subsystem designers to perform tradeoff analyses between design concepts using varied architectures and technologies.

A computer modeling tool is being developed to assess candidate designs for the Space Station Data Management System (DMS). The DMS is to be a complex distributed computer system including the processor, storage devices, local area networks, and software that will support all processing functions onboard the Space Station. The modeling tool will allow a candidate design for the DMS, or for other subsystems that use the DMS, to be evaluated in terms of parameters. The tool and its associated modeling methodology are intended for use by DMS and subsystem designers to perform tradeoff analyses between design concepts using varied architectures and technologies.

A computer modeling tool is being developed to assess candidate designs for the Space Station Data Management System (DMS). The DMS is to be a complex distributed computer system including the processor, storage devices, local area networks, and software that will support all processing functions onboard the Space Station. The modeling tool will allow a candidate design for the DMS, or for other subsystems that use the DMS, to be evaluated in terms of parameters. The tool and its associated modeling methodology are intended for use by DMS and subsystem designers to perform tradeoff analyses between design concepts using varied architectures and technologies.

A computer modeling tool is being developed to assess candidate designs for the Space Station Data Management System (DMS). The DMS is to be a complex distributed computer system including the processor, storage devices, local area networks, and software that will support all processing functions onboard the Space Station. The modeling tool will allow a candidate design for the DMS, or for other subsystems that use the DMS, to be evaluated in terms of parameters. The tool and its associated modeling methodology are intended for use by DMS and subsystem designers to perform tradeoff analyses between design concepts using varied architectures and technologies.

A computer modeling tool is being developed to assess candidate designs for the Space Station Data Management System (DMS). The DMS is to be a complex distributed computer system including the processor, storage devices, local area networks, and software that will support all processing functions onboard the Space Station. The modeling tool will allow a candidate design for the DMS, or for other subsystems that use the DMS, to be evaluated in terms of parameters. The tool and its associated modeling methodology are intended for use by DMS and subsystem designers to perform tradeoff analyses between design concepts using varied architectures and technologies.

This study explores the instructional impact of using computer multimedia to integrate metaphorical verbal information into graphical representations of biotechnology concepts. The combination of text and graphics into a single metaphor makes concepts dual-coded, and therefore more comprehensible and memorable for the student. Visual stimuli help the learner establish semantic connections between the abstract and the concrete, and it is hoped that metaphoric stimuli can facilitate analogical links between the unfamiliar and the familiar. In this study, six versions of instructional materials were developed: non-graphics without metaphors (control group), static graphics without metaphors, animated graphics without metaphors, non-graphics with metaphors, static graphics with metaphors, and animated graphics with metaphors. Participating college students (n=120) were randomly assigned into the six groups and studied the materials independently. A criterion-referenced test was used to assess students' learning performance, while the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) was used to gather attitudinal responses. Interviews and observations yielded information about how students employed graphics and metaphors for mental elaboration. Quantitative results suggested that animated graphics plus metaphorical treatment enhanced motivation the most, although metaphorical treatment seemed to be received positively regardless of what accompanied it. Furthermore, the results of the interviews and observations shed light on, among other things, how students process and interpret graphical displays and how the pace of animated presentations influences learning. As a sample of the metaphorical technique, an appendix offers a series of sequential drawings and accompanying verbal information that depict strands of genetic materials as "screwed zippers." (Contains 36 references. (BEW)

This study explores the instructional impact of using computer multimedia to integrate metaphorical verbal information into graphical representations of biotechnology concepts. The combination of text and graphics into a single metaphor makes concepts dual-coded, and therefore more comprehensible and memorable for the student. Visual stimuli help the learner establish semantic connections between the abstract and the concrete, and it is hoped that metaphoric stimuli can facilitate analogical links between the unfamiliar and the familiar. In this study, six versions of instructional materials were developed: non-graphics without metaphors (control group), static graphics without metaphors, animated graphics without metaphors, non-graphics with metaphors, static graphics with metaphors, and animated graphics with metaphors. Participating college students (n=120) were randomly assigned into the six groups and studied the materials independently. A criterion-referenced test was used to assess students' learning performance, while the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) was used to gather attitudinal responses. Interviews and observations yielded information about how students employed graphics and metaphors for mental elaboration. Quantitative results suggested that animated graphics plus metaphorical treatment enhanced motivation the most, although metaphorical treatment seemed to be received positively regardless of what accompanied it. Furthermore, the results of the interviews and observations shed light on, among other things, how students process and interpret graphical displays and how the pace of animated presentations influences learning. As a sample of the metaphorical technique, an appendix offers a series of sequential drawings and accompanying verbal information that depict strands of genetic materials as "screwed zippers." (Contains 36 references. (BEW)

To understand how computer conferencing can be used to meld communication and education among remotely located high-level professions, an ongoing exploratory study started to collect data from participants in an advanced adult education course conducted primarily via computer-mediated communication in the area of top level management. The questions posed to the students had three broad research foci: an evaluation of the system as an adult educational environment, the computer as a communication medium, and the social dynamics and interactions among students, instructors and program organizers. The data collected thus far have yielded the following information: (1) the primary reason for enrolling in the course was an interest in the computer-mediated communication process itself, (2) the quality of the social interaction among the seminar participants was most frequently considered to be variable at best, (3) those areas in which the seminars were judged to be most successful were at providing potentially open forums for frank exchange and getting acquainted with new ideas, and (4) there were intriguing issues that dealt with personal feelings and communication dynamics. (HOD)

OLD LEARNING COURSE