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57 Minutes PG-13 Keith Preston is the proprietor of AttackTheSystem.com and an expert on the history of anarchism. Pete asked Keith to come on to have a discussion about the Non-Aggression Principle and whether it is a vital part of anarchist/libertarian ideology. AttackTheSystem.com Keith's Books The Libertarian Party Will Never Have Political Power Get Autonomy 19 Skills PDF Download The Monopoly On Violence Pete's Patreon Pete's Substack Pete's Paypal Pete's Books on Amazon Pete's Books Available for Crypto Pete on Facebook Pete on Twitter

This study explores whether trait everyday sadism predicts differences in gazing behavior in response to emotional stimuli. Sadism, as a part of the Dark Tetrad (DT), is characterized by the tendency to derive pleasure from inflicting physical or psychological pain on others. The DT traits—narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism—are associated with distinct patterns of cognitive and emotional processing (e.g. Jonason & Krause, 2013; Wertag et al., 2023). Prior research suggests that individuals high in sadistic tendencies respond to emotional stimuli—particularly violent or aversive content—in atypical ways. For example, sadism has been positively correlated with increased enjoyment of violent media and with positive emotional reactions to others' suffering (e.g., Monaghan & Marcus, 2025; Wertag et al., 2023; Thomas & Egan, 2022). However, systematic investigations of attentional processes, such as gaze behavior in response to emotional stimuli, remain scarce. Therefore, a systematic study is essential to deepen our understanding of its underlying mechanisms and to inform the design of future research involving emotional stimuli.We examine the predictive power of sadism on gazing behavior while watching emotional pictures. To date, no studies have directly investigated the effects of sadism on gaze patterns; existing findings are limited to atypical evaluations of emotional and sexual images. Since emotional valence appraisal and gaze behavior are closely linked as part of emotional processing, we assume that sadism is associated with distinct gazing behavior. Due to the exploratory nature of the study and the limited prior evidence, we do not propose directional hypotheses. We examine preferences for emotional valence, operationalized as the relative dwelling time on positive versus negative stimuli. Previous research has shown that narcissism is associated with a preference for violent or negative motives (Tucaković & Marković, 2021). Given the conceptual overlap and empirical correlations between narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism and sadism (e.g., Međedović & Petrović, 2015), we explore whether similar attentional patterns can be observed in individuals high in sadism. We examine the incremental validity of sadism by investigating whether it provides additional explanatory power for variance in gazing behavior beyond the predictive utility of its conceptually related constructs that have previously been associated with visual attention processes, including empathy (lack of empathy), impulsivity, and aggression. These constructs were selected based on prior findings indicating their relevance for emotional reactivity and attentional allocation (e.g., Cowan et al., 2014; Aluja et al., 2015; Gantiva et al., 2014) and their connection to sadism (e.g. Pajevic et al., 2018; Duan et al., 2021). Finally, we examine three mediation models that together form a theoretical framework linking sadism to gazing behavior (see figure 1). The first model assumes that the relationship between sadism and gazing behavior is mediated by aggression. Prior studies have consistently shown positive associations between sadism and aggressive tendencies (e.g., Duan et al., 2021; Buckels et al., 2013; Reidy et al., 2011). Additionally, aggression has been linked to altered emotional processing, including atypical evaluations of emotional stimuli and deviant startle responses (Gantiva et al., 2014; Gantiva, Díaz, et al., 2014), suggesting that aggressive traits may influence attentional patterns toward emotional content. The second model investigates whether whether the association between sadism and aggression is mediated by empathy. Sadistic traits have been associated with reduced empathy (Pajevic et al., 2018), which in turn has been identified as a key factor in the emergence of aggressive behavior (e.g., Buckels et al., 2013). This model tests the idea that empathy deficits may serve as an underlying mechanism through which sadistic individuals exhibit higher levels of aggression. The third model examines whether impulsivity mediates the relationship between sadism and aggression. Sadism has been positively associated with impulsivity (March et al., 2017), which in turn has consistently been linked to or predictive of aggression (e.g., Duan et al., 2021; Hatfield & Dula, 2014). This model aims to capture the role of poor behavioral control as a potential pathway from sadism to aggression. In summary, this study examines: (1) the main effects of sadism on gazing behavior, (2) sadists valence-related preference in visual attention, (3) the incremental predictive validity of sadism and (4) mediated pathways between sadism and gazing behavior.

A pre-emptive military strike may be among the âpretty severe thingsâ President Donald Trump says he is considering for North Korea, but itâs a step so fraught with risk that it ranks as among the unlikeliest options. North Korea's latest missile launch has the Trump administration considering a response. A-P Washington Correspondent Sagar Meghani reports despite the missile test Defense Secretary Jim Mattis says he doesn't think the U.S. and North Korea are closer to war...

Commmoration of the 110th Birth Anniversary of Comrade Kim Il Sung April 15, 2022

Adlai E. Stevenson's remarks on aggression and appeasment during Security Council debate on Cuba, October 1962.

Adlai E. Stevenson's remarks on aggression and appeasment during Security Council debate on Cuba, October 1962.

Adlai E. Stevenson's remarks on aggression and appeasment during Security Council debate on Cuba, October 1962.

Sadus - Aggression Attacker(US-NJ) - World In Flames Man Machine Industry - Chemical Infection Kill City(Ecuador) - Fear No One Hornado(Germany) - The Arrow Will Strike Hands Of Goro(US-CA) - Demonizer Pectora(Denmark) - Twilight Knights Emerald Eye(US-MO) - Silken Throne/Winged Woman Signum Regis - No Middle Ground Bad Marilyn(Switzerland) - I Die Inside Isospin(Australia) - Tempest Altar Of Oblivion - Nothing Grows From Hallowed Ground Aoryst - Call Of The Void Cosmic Jaguar(Ukraine)-The Eight Lord Of Nights Spider Kickers(Greece) - When Darkness Reigns Darkness(Germany) - Wake Up In Rage/Roots Of Resistance Deceiver(Greece) - Cicero Words/Death Around The World Desolus - System Shock/Sea Of Fire Prime Evil(US-NY) - Kill For Me Silent Scream(US-CA) - Slaves Cardiac Arrest(US-IL) - Victims To The Blasphemy The Rottening(Sweden) - Starless Void Vrykolakas-Foretaste The Divine Wrath Frozen Soul-Invisible Tormentor/Arctic Stranglehold Omen(US) - Premonition-Termination

Sadus - Aggression Oblivion FL - Resist, Deny, Control Nova Skellis(US-NY) - Life Amongst The Damned Forged In Black(UK) - Dusk Breather Revoltons(Italy) - Escape Or Drown Under Attack(Sweden) - Meatgrinder Evermore(Sweden) - Queen Of Woe Osiris Rex - The Meek Shall Inherit Bloodicide(Phillipines) - Cancer of Society The Under - Divine Drive/The Strenghthening Metasphaera - Exile(Exil) Order Of The Dead(US-NY) - Illusions The Bleeding(UK) - Screams Of Torment Avarice(Denmark) - Between The Trenches Vomitory(Sweden) - All Heads Are Gonna Roll Protrusion(US-IN) - Scorned Vengeance Avulsed - Revenant Wars/Sentenced To Death(Nihilist cover) Gaffed(US-NJ) - Die Already Extermination Order - Anon We Are Fallen Astrophyte - Imperial Conquistadors Rotpit(Sweden/Germany) - Beastfeaster Intrepid(Estonia) - Mesmerism (ft. Steve Di Giorgio) Abcest(France) - The Weight Of Reproach(Le Poids de l'Opprobre)/The Unspeakable Horror(L'Horreur Indicible) 72 Legions - Muted Empathy/Nuclear Bereavement (Live Demo) Omen-Premonition/Termination

Sadus - Aggression Oblivion FL - Resist, Deny, Control Nova Skellis(US-NY) - Life Amongst The Damned Forged In Black(UK) - Dusk Breather Revoltons(Italy) - Escape Or Drown Under Attack(Sweden) - Meatgrinder Evermore(Sweden) - Queen Of Woe Osiris Rex - The Meek Shall Inherit Bloodicide(Phillipines) - Cancer of Society The Under - Divine Drive/The Strenghthening Metasphaera - Exile(Exil) Order Of The Dead(US-NY) - Illusions The Bleeding(UK) - Screams Of Torment Avarice(Denmark) - Between The Trenches Vomitory(Sweden) - All Heads Are Gonna Roll Protrusion(US-IN) - Scorned Vengeance Avulsed - Revenant Wars/Sentenced To Death(Nihilist cover) Gaffed(US-NJ) - Die Already Extermination Order - Anon We Are Fallen Astrophyte - Imperial Conquistadors Rotpit(Sweden/Germany) - Beastfeaster Intrepid(Estonia) - Mesmerism (ft. Steve Di Giorgio) Abcest(France) - The Weight Of Reproach(Le Poids de l'Opprobre)/The Unspeakable Horror(L'Horreur Indicible) 72 Legions - Muted Empathy/Nuclear Bereavement (Live Demo) Omen-Premonition/Termination

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This study examines the gender differences among Ghanaian adolescent students' beliefs about aggression and its association with their reported level of aggression. A total of 800 students selected from eight same-sex senior high schools participated in the study. It was hypothesized that male and female students will score high on the instrumental and expressive beliefs of aggression respectively. Instrumental belief will be positively related to reported level of aggression while expressive belief will relate negatively with reported level of aggression. The EXPAGG (Revised) Questionnaire and the Fuch's Questionnaire on levels of aggression were the instruments used. It was found that male students scored high on the instrumental belief scale and female students on the expressive belief scale. Instrumental beliefs about aggression correlated positively with reported levels of aggression while expressive beliefs about aggression correlated negatively with reported levels of aggression. The study adds to our understanding of the relationship between beliefs and levels of aggression by considering it in a non-western culture. (Contains 2 tables.)

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Join Your Friendly Neighborhood Azzmador and the TKR Wrecking Crew for a JINGOISTIC JOURNEY through Whitopia! TKR MERCH IS AVAILABLE AGAIN! https://www.gearbubble.com/gbstore/tkrmerch Subscribe to TKR on Dlive https://dlive.tv/Azzmador Contribute to The Krypto Report via bitcoin: 1CS3n9xJYsEmjSkumiqgKseTBbBZQnrpxY Contribute to The Krypto Report via Monero 4GdoN7NCTi8a5gZug7PrwZNKjvHFmKeV11L6pNJPgj5QNEHsN6eeX3DaAQFwZ1ufD4LYCZKArktt113W7QjWvQ7CWDDsN1jJYDwRjdr3ZF If you’re a young American White Man of Good Character, and are at least 18 years of age, please consider joining a Stormer Book Club! Email [email protected] for more info. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LXM22EP4mo Uploader: Azzmador

Backed and funded by #Iran, the #Houthis’ escalating attacks and targeting of civilian infrastructure threaten regional stability and global trade. Their constant attacks against #Israel must stop and the international community must hold them accountable for their aggression. https://t.co/H452OKYcHw

Based on work of e.g. Geniole et al. (2019), we develop a short scale to measure individual differences in testosterone induced aggression. The objective of our study is to develop a short scale for this personality index, to check the psychometric characteristics of the original personality index as well as the resulting short scale, and describe its nomological network. Exploratorily, we will check for gender differences in the original personality index as well as in the short scale, and for the underlying factor structure of this compound measure.

Met with EU High Representative @JosepBorrellF to affirm the strength of our transatlantic partnership and discuss countering Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and strengthening global peace and stability. https://t.co/LPXJUfWzvj

Scenes of the massive destruction by the Israeli aggression in Beit Lahya, north of Gaza. مشاهد للدمار في بيت لاهيا شمال القطاع https://t.co/5ISmBhqvek

Over 90 rockets were fired this morning (Saturday) from #Gaza, targeting Israeli civilians in villages and towns across Southern Israel. Israel will exercise its right to defend its citizens from this aggression. https://t.co/44NDTAgts3 Source: https://twitter.com/IsraelMFA/status/1124600794295283713 Uploader: Israel Foreign Ministry

❗🗓 #OTD In 1939, the #USSR & Germany signed the Non-aggression Pact. Signing the pact, a forced and extremely hard decision, was a stern necessity for the #SovietUnion. 🔗https://t.co/3RgFbCjnZD @LinkeviciusL @LithuaniaMFA @Latvian_MFA @PolandMFA @MFAestonia @edgarsrinkevics https://t.co/BLfXvm2NFP Source: https://twitter.com/mfa_russia/status/1297448796880871424 Uploader: MFA Russia 🇷🇺

🔴RAW FOOTAGE from Rishon L'Zion in central Israel, where a direct hit of a rocket fired from #Gaza by Hamas has killed a woman and caused severe damage. Israel will protect its population from this terrorist aggression. https://t.co/xJQO4nJCUy Source: https://twitter.com/IsraelMFA/status/1392194570595803136 Uploader: Israel Foreign Ministry

The famine in northern Gaza has reached critical levels. Children are sorting "animal feed" to grind as a substitute for the lost wheat due to Israel's blockade and ongoing aggression on the Gaza Strip. #GazaGenocide https://t.co/96ph2PFPX8

The hospital of Beit Hanoun, north of Gaza, which was destroyed during the first days of the aggression against the strip. https://t.co/cO1ZB9eWdb

A displaced Palestinian child reacts over missing his school and teachers who were killed or displaced during the aggression against Gaza. طفل نازح يبكي شوقا لمدرسته و معلميه https://t.co/NEEbi8RuLc

Hezbollah continues its aggression on Israel's northern border. One soldier was severely injured from Hezbollah strikes, two more lightly injured. @IDF retaliated with airstrikes on Hezbollah terror infrastructure around Khiam in Lebanon, used to attack Kiryat Shmona. https://t.co/nUhIufYMAp

There were four objectives identified for this research. This report documents the findings for each of these objectives. The status of these objectives is: 1. To measure the collective response in same-gender compared with mixed-gender groups. 2. To identify the social rank of initiators and followers individuals, and test whether the followers adopt the behavior of the initiators, thereby resulting in the uniform collective behavior. 3. To support the data of collective behavioral responses with measurements of physiology by tracking corticosteroids that provide a robust index of anxiety level. 4. To administer oxytocin or testosterone to dominant or subordinate males and females in same-gender and mixed-gender groups. This will modify the social status of the respective individuals, and in consequence will alter the collective behavior of the entire group. The results of each of these objects are published separately. During the conduct of this research, we also identified a need to evaluate whether the voles suffer symptoms observed in post-traumatic-stress disorder (PTSD). Our hypothesis is that the PTSD effect would not be contagious like the acute response to the threat. PTSD trials revealed a wash-out of the stress induced by life-threat one week before the PTSD test. This result has been combined and will be published with those of Objective #3.

Several pairs of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either 0, 350, 700, 1400, or 2100 rads of Co60 radiation at 250 rads/min. Pairs were then tested for aggression at 20 min, 6 h, 72 h, and 7 d post irradiation. Each test session lasted for 5 min and consisted of 50 3-W shocks 0.5-s duration with a 5.5-s shock-shock interval. Scores indicated how many aggressive interactions took place during the 50 intershock intervals. Aggressive interactions in the 700-rad group increased (p ,025) at 72 h post irradiation. Secondarily, to validate the experimental procedure, a known aggression-reducing drug was tested on a different set of rats. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride, 2 mg/kg, intramuscular, caused a decrease in aggression 120 min post injection (p .01). (AUTHOR)

Source: https://www.periscope.tv/w/1vAGRdgqWNRxl Uploader: Social Media Lab Upload date: 2017-01-05

Background of the problem: Recently most of our senior secondary classes are notorious for theft, bullying, ragging, rapes, and even for murder. This is because of ill treatment of our students in their classroom, mal administration of educational institutions, and etc. Diminishing social norms is also an important matter here. India is also witnessing the incidents of juvenile delinquency. Reports show that the problem of student aggression is increasing day by day. The study concerning the social pattern, social acceptance, social intelligence, aggressive nature among students, etc. are highly relevant in India, especially in Kerala. Aims: The aims of the study are (1) To measure the extent of social intelligence among senior secondary school students; (2) To measure the extent of aggression among senior secondary school students; (3) To find out the relationship between social intelligence and aggression; (4) To compare the students in their social intelligence; (5) To compare the students in their aggression. Sample: Population is the senior secondary school students of Malappuram district of Kerala state of India. Sample of the study is 84 senior secondary school students of Malappuram district. Methods: To collect information from the sample an integrated approach is good. Here normative survey method was used. Results: Social Intelligence among senior secondary school students is of average. They have a greater amount of aggression. Relationship between social intelligence and aggression scores of senior secondary school students is found negative and negligible for the whole sample. But it is not proven significant. Gender based comparison of social intelligence is proved significant. Social intelligence based comparison of aggression is proven significant. Conclusion: Specified strategies should be developed to deal with aggressive behavior. A good approach and a well arranged social intelligence oriented package must be developed and implemented in our schools. (Contains 8 tables.) [This paper represents a project done as part of PGDHE (Post Graduate Diploma in Higher Education) of IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University).]

Background of the problem: Recently most of our senior secondary classes are notorious for theft, bullying, ragging, rapes, and even for murder. This is because of ill treatment of our students in their classroom, mal administration of educational institutions, and etc. Diminishing social norms is also an important matter here. India is also witnessing the incidents of juvenile delinquency. Reports show that the problem of student aggression is increasing day by day. The study concerning the social pattern, social acceptance, social intelligence, aggressive nature among students, etc. are highly relevant in India, especially in Kerala. Aims: The aims of the study are (1) To measure the extent of social intelligence among senior secondary school students; (2) To measure the extent of aggression among senior secondary school students; (3) To find out the relationship between social intelligence and aggression; (4) To compare the students in their social intelligence; (5) To compare the students in their aggression. Sample: Population is the senior secondary school students of Malappuram district of Kerala state of India. Sample of the study is 84 senior secondary school students of Malappuram district. Methods: To collect information from the sample an integrated approach is good. Here normative survey method was used. Results: Social Intelligence among senior secondary school students is of average. They have a greater amount of aggression. Relationship between social intelligence and aggression scores of senior secondary school students is found negative and negligible for the whole sample. But it is not proven significant. Gender based comparison of social intelligence is proved significant. Social intelligence based comparison of aggression is proven significant. Conclusion: Specified strategies should be developed to deal with aggressive behavior. A good approach and a well arranged social intelligence oriented package must be developed and implemented in our schools. (Contains 8 tables.) [This paper represents a project done as part of PGDHE (Post Graduate Diploma in Higher Education) of IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University).]

This investigation provides a preliminary examination of the difference between programmed and obtained reinforcement rates and its potential influence during treatment of aggression in a natural setting. Following a functional analysis that suggested that the aggression of a boy with autism was negatively reinforced, intervention was implemented by the boy's mother. Concurrent fixed-ratio (FR) 1 FR 1 schedules of escape were arranged for manding and aggression. When mands failed to compete effectively with aggression, obtained reinforcement ratios were calculated; these indicated that obtained reinforcement varied from the programmed schedule for aggression but not for mands. Increasing the rate of prompts for mands resulted in an increase in mands and a decrease in aggression to near-zero levels.

Research assessing the impact of consistently negative motivations versus mixed negative and positive motivations for a televised character's aggressive behavior and the consequences on children's subsequent behavior is provided. This study is also reported in related document SO 008 573. Second and sixth graders viewed one of two edited versions of an aggressive television program: (1) one in which scenes relevant to motives and consequences were clearly negative, and (2) one in which the aggressor sometimes appeared negative and positive. There were nonaggressive control programs at each age. Random subgroups of children responded to an indication of willingness to hurt or help a fictitious other child, while other random subgroups responded to a paper-and-pencil instrument employing both aggressive and nonaggressive response alternatives to hypothetical situations. The results indicate that children who watched the program with mixed character motivations are more aggressive. Therefore, the effects of aggression on television are not only modified by motives and consequences in the program, but also depend on their uniformity. (Author/DE)

This study investigated the effects of three gaze patterns-staring, normal looking, glancing and avoiding eye contact-and verbal insult on instrumental aggression. It was hypothesized that the experimental manipulation of verbal insult will: (1) not affect shock intensity or duration (2) not increase the subjects self-reported hostility, and (3) cause the subjects to report greater dislike for the insulting victim. In regards to the victim's gaze patterns, it was hypothesized that: (4) the victim's stare will decrease intensity and duration of shock delivered by the subjects and that (5) the victim's visual avoidance behavior will cause the subjects to administer shocks of greater intensity and duration. Forty-eight male undergraduate subjects were randomly assigned to the cells in a 2x3x3 factorial design. The major measurement apparatus was a modified Bus Aggression Machine (BAM). The results showed that the insult condition was apparently not effective in arousing the subjects emotionally, and that gaze patterns did not significantly influence the intensity of the subjects' emotions. (Author/BW)

SYSTEMS OF EXCHANGE - USING THE EXTINCTION, DISTRACTION, AND SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS SYSTEMS - WERE IMPLEMENTED TO DECREASE AGGRESSION AND PROMOTE COOPERATION AND SCHOLARLY BEHAVIOR, THREE SYSTEMS WERE TESTED USING EXCHANGE THEORY AS A GUIDE. THE SUBJECTS WERE FIVE 4- AND 5-YEAR-OLD BOYS DIAGNOSED AS HYPERAGGRESSIVE. EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS INCLUDED (1) THREATS AND PUNISHMENT BY THE TEACHER TO LOWER THE RATE OF AGGRESSION, (2) IGNORING ACTS OF PROVOCATION AND NOT RECIPROCATING WITH ATTENTION, AND (3) RECIPROCATING WITH ATTENTION, APPROVAL, AND TOKENS. THE MEASUREMENT APPARATUS CONSISTED OF TWO UNITS--(1) AN ESTERLINE ANGUS EVENT RECORDER AND (2) AN OPERATING PANEL WITH 20 BUTTONS. DIRECT OBSERVATIONS WERE ALSO EMPLOYED. GENERALLY, THE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT THE RATE OF AGGRESSION WAS PROPORTIONAL TO THE REINFORCING VALUE OF THE TEACHER'S RECIPROCATION IN THE EXCHANGES SHE ESTABLISHED IN THE CLASSROOM. CONCLUSIONS WERE THAT THE TEACHER'S AUTHORITY IN THE CLASSROOM DEPENDED ENTIRELY ON WHAT SHE EXCHANGES AND HOW SHE LEARNS TO PROGRAM THOSE EXCHANGES. (RS)

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This article describes a pilot study that evaluated the efficacy of a computer-based, behavioral skill-building program in reducing aggression and improving academic performance among middle school students. The program is Ripple Effects'"Relate for Teens," a media rich, interactive application based on combining a proprietary learning system with research-proven strategies for shaping social behavior. The study involved three groups of diverse seventh and eighth graders from a New York City public school--2 experimental groups of 17 students each and 1 control group of 23 students--over a 12-week period. One experimental group used the program as a stand-alone intervention; the other had the additional intervention of teacher-facilitated role-plays and discussion. The study examined whether the program worked in changing social behavior under either condition and whether it impacted academic performance. Results indicate that students in both experimental groups showed less aggressive behavior and more pro-social behavior when compared with the control group. Students in both experimental groups also had fewer referrals to remedial summer school. An unexpected finding was that students who used the program without teacher intervention and role-plays had greater increases in pro-social behavior and greater reduction in aggressive behaviors. However, the group with added teacher intervention had fewer remedial summer school referrals. A student observation assessment tracking form is appended. (MES)

Although recent studies have provided some explanation about the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and aggression in adolescence, the role of intervening variables in this connection has been ignored. The purpose of this research was to understand the relationship between adolescents' emotion regulation and aggression and to focus on the mediator function of social problem-solving and anger control. Participants comprised 413 adolescents (252 females and 161 males; mean age 15 years). The findings provided evidence for the partial mediator role of anger control and social problem-solving. The author discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these results in this study.

This pilot study examined whether aggressive responses and attitudes of high-risk adolescent girls would decrease after a group treatment that focused on the specific needs of aggressive adolescent girls. Twelve girls, aged 12-16 years from two residential facilities, participated in eight, one-hour group sessions. Results indicated a statistically significant decrease in direct aggression responses and antisocial beliefs from pretest to posttest, but no significant changes on prosocial responses or attitudes toward other girls. There were significant correlations between direct aggression and antisocial beliefs, (r (11) = .49, p is less than .05), and between age and aggression, (r(11) = -.59, p is less than .05), indicating that older adolescents chose less aggressive responses than younger adolescents. The results are discussed from a feminist, ecological understanding of the importance of developing gender-sensitive programming to deal effectively with adolescent female aggression.

This pilot study examined whether aggressive responses and attitudes of high-risk adolescent girls would decrease after a group treatment that focused on the specific needs of aggressive adolescent girls. Twelve girls, aged 12-16 years from two residential facilities, participated in eight, one-hour group sessions. Results indicated a statistically significant decrease in direct aggression responses and antisocial beliefs from pretest to posttest, but no significant changes on prosocial responses or attitudes toward other girls. There were significant correlations between direct aggression and antisocial beliefs, (r (11) = .49, p is less than .05), and between age and aggression, (r(11) = -.59, p is less than .05), indicating that older adolescents chose less aggressive responses than younger adolescents. The results are discussed from a feminist, ecological understanding of the importance of developing gender-sensitive programming to deal effectively with adolescent female aggression.

The goal of this study is trying to replicate the correlation found between verbal aggression and personal network size in a high powered, pre-registered study.

Today's military and political books, magazines, and internet discussions have seen a resurgence of the varying applications of small unit warfare. Known by names such as Small Wars, Hybrid, Asymmetric, 4th Generation, or Grey warfare; Guerilla warfare has seen a resurgence in the military vernacular of today. However, its theory and practice remains to operate Spartan like and independent of the larger conventional forces and using only what is available, striking when the enemy is most vulnerable and during heightened periods of friction or protracted periods of complacency. In essence, as Sun Tzu published in the Art of War during the 6th century B.C. a practicing guerilla warfare practitioner strives to operate just as flowing water avoids the heights and hastens to the lowlands, so an army avoids strength and strikes weakness.1 This paper is to provide historical application to the current plight faced by former satellite or buffer states of the United Soviet Socialist Republic. These states face a renewed Russia which is supported by an active, overwhelming, and powerful military. The only way for these states to protect their own sovereignty is to reinforce their existing militaries by instituting a conscription force with compulsory service, by arming the populace as a home guard or defense league, and by training to execute guerilla style warfare over a protracted period.

Since Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24th, 2022 there have been numerous examples of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by Russian soldiers. Many of these crimes are being investigated and prosecuted by local Ukrainian courts and the International Criminal Court. But the crime of launching this illegal war in the first place is not, as of yet, under any court's jurisdiction. Oona Hathaway is seeking to change that. She is a professor at Yale Law School who has been advocating for the creation of a UN-backed special tribunal to prosecute the crime of aggression committed by Russian leaders in Ukraine.  In recent weeks and month, this proposal is gaining some traction. We kick off discussing and defining what we mean by the \"crime of aggression\" before the discussing the politics of creating a special internationally backed mechanism to prosecute specific Russian leaders, including Vladimir Putin, for the crime of aggression.   

Since Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24th, 2022 there have been numerous examples of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by Russian soldiers. Many of these crimes are being investigated and prosecuted by local Ukrainian courts and the International Criminal Court. But the crime of launching this illegal war in the first place is not, as of yet, under any court's jurisdiction. Oona Hathaway is seeking to change that. She is a professor at Yale Law School who has been advocating for the creation of a UN-backed special tribunal to prosecute the crime of aggression committed by Russian leaders in Ukraine.  In recent weeks and month, this proposal is gaining some traction. We kick off discussing and defining what we mean by the \"crime of aggression\" before the discussing the politics of creating a special internationally backed mechanism to prosecute specific Russian leaders, including Vladimir Putin, for the crime of aggression.   

1Ivanhoe

By Sir Walter Scott

Follows the fortunes of the son of a noble Saxon family in Norman England as he woos his lady, disobeys his father, and is loved by another. Set in late 12C England and in Palestine with Richard Cœur-de-Lion at the Crusades, it's another ripping historical yarn by Scott. (summary by annise)

2Talisman

By Sir Walter Scott

The Talisman is a gripping tale set near the end of the Third Crusade. King Richard the Lionheart is grievously ill, and all around him the leaders from allied countries plot and scheme to gain personal power, putting the future of the crusade in jeopardy. Sir Kenneth of Scotland finds himself caught up in events, and finds both his honour and his life are now on the line. Can a cure be found for the King? Can Kenneth redeem his honour? – Written by Rowen

3Rob Roy

By Sir Walter Scott

Rob Roy is a historical novel by Walter Scott. It is narrated by Frank Osbaldistone, the son of an English merchant who travels first to the North of England, and subsequently to the Scottish Highlands to collect a debt stolen from his father. On the way he encounters the larger-than-life title character of Rob Roy MacGregor. Though Rob Roy is not the lead character (in fact the narrative does not move to Scotland until half way through the book) his personality and actions are key to the development of the novel. (Summary from Wikipedia)

4Journals of Robert Falcon Scott; Vol 1 of 'Scott's Last Expedition'

By Leonard Huxley and Robert Falcon Scott

Capt. Robert F. Scott's bid to be the leader of the first expedition to reach the South Pole is one of the most famous journeys of all time. What started as a scientific expedition turned out to be an unwilling race against a team lead by R. Admunsen to reach the Pole. The Norwegian flag already stood at the end of the trail when Scott's party reached their target. All the five men of the Scott expedition who took part in the last march to the Pole perished on their way back to safety.<br><br> Robert F. Scott kept a journal throughout the journey, all the way to the tragic end, documenting all aspects of the expedition. The famous last words of the journal were: 'It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more. For God's sake look after our people.'<br> (Summary by Illiterati)

5Kenilworth

By Sir Walter Scott

An Elizabethan era historical novel by Scotland's master of fiction, Sir Walter Scott. With a cast of historical and created characters, including the Queen herself, Scott presents the sad history and tragic consequences of the secretive marriage of young Amy Robsart and the Earl of Leicester. (Summary by SK)

6Antiquary

By Andrew Lang and Sir Walter Scott

Illegitimacy, false identity, and bankruptcy are the major elements of Sir Walter Scott's 1816 novel, The Antiquary. Set in the period of the French Revolution, the novel's hero, Lovel, struggles to gain repute and the hand of his beloved despite his uncertain parentage. During these pursuits, he befriends the title's antiquary, Johnathan Oldbuck, who finds Lovel a captive audience to his scholarly studies and a tragic likeness to his own disappointments in love. Readers will discover whether Lovel's acts of bravery and courage ultimately earn him the birth and fortunes of a nobleman. (Summary by S. Kovalchik)

7Waverley, Volume 1

By Sir Walter Scott

<i>Waverley</i> is set during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, which sought to restore the Stuart dynasty in the person of Charles Edward Stuart (or 'Bonnie Prince Charlie'). It relates the story of a young dreamer and English soldier, Edward Waverley, who was sent to Scotland in 1745. He journeys North from his aristocratic family home, Waverley-Honour, in the south of England first to the Scottish Lowlands and the home of family friend Baron Bradwardine, then into the Highlands and the heart of the 1745 Jacobite uprising and aftermath. (Summary by Wikipedia)

The narrative poems in this collection are written by Sir Walter Scott - the well-known Scottish poet and novelist. Each of these five poems are based loosely upon German ballads: rewritten in flowing English meter. <br></br> * The Chase - a.k.a. The Wild Huntsman - A profligate, noble-born keeper of the royal forest - avidly addicted to the pleasures of the hunt - cruelly uses and mistreats his fellow-men. One day God's messengers come to test him: executing sentence immediately in just proportion to the huntsman's responses.<br></br> * William & Helen - William - long thought dead - unexpectedly returns at midnight from the crusades to marry his betrothed. Helen - relieved at his return - joyfully agree,s after initial misgivings: follows him on horseback into the night. Approaching the church in which they will celebrate their wedding: it is clear to Helen that all is not what it seems. But, with their mutual love strong enough to transcend death itself - what can possibly go wrong?<br></br> * The Fire King - Count Albert never returns from crusade: having being imprisoned by Saracens. Rosalie, his betrothed, swears to leave at once for Lebanon to find him. Rosalie succeeds - but alas, all is changed between them forever: and their parting is death itself.<br></br> * Frederick & Alice - Frederick breaks troth and abandons the beautiful Alice: sending her mad with grief. But Alice contrives to meet her faithless lover once more: beyond the grave.<br></br> * The Erl-King - The Erl-King (or Oak-King) sings for the soul of a human boy: who cringes for dear life within the arms of his father riding home through the dreary wood. But do spirits really have power to charm away the lives of the living?<br></br> (Introduction by Godsend)

Scott's The Bridal of Triermain is a rhymed, romantic, narrative poem which weaves together elements of popular English legend using dramatic themes. <br></br>This beautiful poem celebrates the exploits of a knight errant - Sir Roland De Vaux - as he seeks to rescue (and hopefully espouse) a beautiful maiden, Gyneth. Gyneth is the illegitimate daughter of King Arthur: doomed by Merlin 500 years previously to an enchanted sleep inside a magic castle. The enchantment can only be broken by a rescuer both brave and noble enough to overcome the temptations used successively to distract and overcome him, namely: fear, wealth, pleasure and pride.<br></br>(Introduction by Godsend)

Harold the Dauntless is a rhymed, romantic, narrative-poem by Sir Walter Scott. Written in 1817, it weaves together elements of popular English legends and folklore using dramatic themes.<br><br>The poem recounts the exploits and the personal spiritual journey of a doubtful knight errant - Harold the son of Danish Count Witikind: who seeks to recover his lands and wed a suitable spouse.<br><br>Fire-breathing Harold is as much a stranger to love as he is addicted to dangerous adventure: yet his own confrontations with the spirit-world shake his faith in supposed omnipotence of the traditional Norse pantheon.<br><br>Can a blood-thirsty warrior like Harold ever feel the raptures of love? <br><br>Can a man born to cherish gods of war really wish to exchange them for a God of peace?<br>(Introduction by Godsend)

11Waverley, Volume 2

By Sir Walter Scott

<i>Waverley</i> is set during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, which sought to restore the Stuart dynasty in the person of Charles Edward Stuart (or 'Bonnie Prince Charlie'). It relates the story of a young dreamer and English soldier, Edward Waverley, who was sent to Scotland in 1745. He journeys North from his aristocratic family home, Waverley-Honour, in the south of England first to the Scottish Lowlands and the home of family friend Baron Bradwardine, then into the Highlands and the heart of the 1745 Jacobite uprising and aftermath. (Summary by Wikipedia)

In stunning narrative poetry, the story begins during the time when Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick has been hunted out of Scotland into exile by the English and their allies. Bruce returns over sea from the Island of Rachrin: but is forced to land close to hostile forces at Artonish Castle on the seacoast of Argylshire. Seeking refuge from tempestuous seas, Bruce begs shelter from Ronald, Lord of the Isles: inadvertently on the day of his marriage feast to the beautiful Edith of Lorn.<br><br /> Bruce's very presence is enough to interrupt the nuptials and to break up the festivities: the guests quickly polarise into two armed and equally matched factions: one ready to raise Bruce to the Scottish crown, the other ready to slay him for desecration and murder. The combatants are dispersed with no bloodshed only by the combined offices of Lord Ronald himself, aided by a visiting Abbot: whereupon Bruce quickly removes himself to first the Island of Sky, and then Ayrshire: raising the an army willing to rout the English and re-establish Scottish independence. <br><br /> Bruce begins to win a steady stream of victories as his armies march inevitably towards Bannockburn. There, Bruce confronts Scotland's formidable enemy - led by the son of the Hammer of the Scots: the English outnumbering the Scots by more than two to one. <br><br /> - Can Bruce - the so-called fugitive, traitor, and turn-coat - succeed against the massed might of England?<br> - Will the beautiful Edith choose to side with her blood-relations - who fight for England; or with Lord Ronald, her betrothed - who marches to battle behind Scotland's Bruce? <br /> (Introduction by Godsend)

13Ivanhoe NL

By Sir Walter Scott

Ivanhoe is een historische roman uit 1819 van Sir Walter Scott. Het verhaal speelt ten tijde van het bewind van koning Richard Leeuwenhart en handelt over de smeulende tegenstellingen tussen de Normandiërs en de Saksen in de eeuwen na de Normandische verovering. De historische juistheid van het verhaal werd al meteen na verschijning van het boek in twijfel getrokken en Scott gaf ook toe dat het zeer waarschijnlijk was "dat ik de gebruiken van twee of drie eeuwen heb verward", maar hij troostte zich ermee dat "de fouten van deze aard aan de meeste lezers voorbij zou gaan".

14Lady of the Lake

By Sir Walter Scott

The scene of the following Poem is laid chiefly in the vicinity of Loch Katrine, in the Western Highlands of Perthshire. The time of Action includes Six Days, and the transactions of each Day occupy a Canto. (Summary by William J. Rolfe, ed.)

15Rival Pitchers of Oakdale

By Morgan Scott

Play Ball!!! It's the start of another baseball season at Oakdale Academy. But there is a rivalry brewing between the pitchers. One wants to be a starting pitcher, but he is inconsistent. Another, a new kid from Texas, has been mentored by last year's starter, and is proving to have talent. And don't forget that starting pitcher from last season, he wants to continue to take the rubber for the team. This should prove to be an exciting season for the boys! (Summary by Ann Boulais)

LibriVox volunteers bring you eight readings of End of Harvest, by William Bell Scott. This is the fortnightly poetry project for November 9, 2014.

17Monastery

By Sir Walter Scott

Dame Elspeth is kept in a tower after the death of her husband. The widow of the Baron of Avenel and her daughter seek safety with Elspeth in her tower. Hearing the baroness's deathbed confession, Father Philip notices her Bible. As he carries it to the Lord Abbot, it is taken from him by a White Lady. A sub-prior investigates this story and finds that the Bible is now back in the owner's hands. Later, Elspeth's son sees the White Lady when he snatches the Bible from a flaming altar. Intrigue follows intrigue. Halbert and Sir Piercie Shafton fight, and Halbert flees, leaving Sir Piercie mortally wounded. Shafton, however, recovers only to be accused of murdering Edward's missing brother. Mysie helps Shafton escape from jail. Edward has vowed to become a monk at the urging of the White Lady. After a battle between English and Scottish soldiers against Sir John's troops, Mysie is declared a suitable wife for Sir Piercie. The monks are allowed to keep their monastery. Summary by Bill Boerst, based on Wikipedia

18In the Village of Viger

By Duncan Campbell Scott

These ten superb short stories of Duncan Campbell Scott, published in 1896, portray humorous, farcical, and tragic aspects of life in the fictional Quebec village of Viger. Scott’s tales of the lives and vicissitudes of Viger’s inhabitants include an established milliner who is upset by the appearance of a younger, more popular rival; an innkeeper whose obsession with the Franco-Prussian War drives him mad; and a strange peddler with a carefully guarded secret that is accidentally revealed. <br><br> Duncan Campbell Scott was born in Ottawa, Ontario, in 1862. He entered the civil service in 1879 and remained until his retirement in 1932. Scott was an honored, skilled and popular poet, short-story writer, and essayist. He died in Ottawa in 1947. <br><br> For more information see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Campbell_Scott. (Lee Smalley)

An aging minstrel seeks who hospitality at Newark Castle and in recompense tells a tale of a sixteenth-century Border feud. In the poem, Lady Margaret Scott of Buccleuch, the "Flower of Teviot" is beloved by Baron Henry of Cranstown an ally of the Ker Clan, but a deadly feud exists between the two border clans of Scott and Carr/Ker, which has resulted in the recent murder of Lady Margaret's father, Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch by the Kers on the High Street in Edinburgh. Maragaret's widowed mother – Lady Janet – hates the Ker clan as a result, and is adamant in refusing her consent to any suggestion of marriage between the lovers. Summary by Wikipedia

20Woodstock, or, The Cavalier

By Sir Walter Scott

This novel is set during the English Civil War and the Commonwealth. It is comprised of real events, along with fictional ones. If you are looking for an adventure novel with romance and mystery, please look no further. This is Scott at his finest. - Summary by Stav Nisser.

A fun poem with a great rhythm . - Summary by Stav Nisser

22Black Dwarf

By Sir Walter Scott

The Black Dwarf is the first of the “Tales of My Landlord” series, which also includes The Bride of Lammermoor and The Heart of Midlothian. The third preliminary chapter depicts two horsemen arriving at the Wallace Inn in Gandercleugh, where one of the horsemen relates the tale. The story proper is set on the Scottish borders during the reign of Queen Anne. The Jacobite movement is in its infancy, but the inhabitants of this part of the country have enough to quarrel about without politics inciting them to it. Several families of high and low birth bear no good intentions to each other, and a weird, brooding dwarf, who wishes ill on all of humanity, seems to direct and perpetuate the mayhem from his lonely cottage on Mucklestane Moor. (tbragg)

23Marmion: A Tale of Flodden Field

By Sir Walter Scott

Marmion is an epic poem in six cantos, written in emulation of the ancient Scottish minstrel style which was of such great interest to Scott. Unlike its predecessor, The Lay of the Last Minstrel, this one contains "introductions" to each canto, in the guise of poetic letters which serve the purpose of linking the ancient historical setting with Scott's contemporaneous society - a device which attracted some criticism.<br></br>The story of Lord Marmion and his arch-enemy Harold de Wilton is told with Scott's familiar swirling dark flair, combining a complex tale of intrigue, inconstancy and deception with the historical details of the Battle of Flodden Field, in which the English forces routed those of Scotland, killing the Scottish king. - Summary by Peter Tucker

24Romance of Polar Exploration

By G. Firth Scott

While stories of the Polar explorers and their efforts to reach the Poles have been told again and again, the constant renewal of expeditions adds, every year, fresh incidents to the record, until it may almost be said that the fascination of the frozen regions is as inexhaustible as the list of Polar heroes is illimitable. Nor is the interest confined solely to the achievement of modern explorers. However great the results of their exertions may be, the fact that, in spite of all the advantages conferred by recent scientific discovery and modern appliances, the explorers of to-day have failed to penetrate the uttermost secrets of the worlds of ice, renders more impressively heroic the struggles of the earlier travellers, whose equipment, viewed in comparison with that of modern man, was apparently so inadequate and often inappropriate. <br></br> No series of Polar adventure stories would be complete without a prominent place being given to the earlier explorers, and especially to that British hero, Franklin, whose name is so inseparably associated with the history of Arctic exploration. The account of his daring voyages and of his tragic end, at the moment of victory, has already been given in many a form; but the tale is one which will stand re-telling for generations yet to come. In the present instance it has been of necessity briefly written, but in such a manner as will, it is hoped, without loss of interest, render clear a comparison of the conditions under which he and his brave companions worked and fought to their death, with those that existed for later expeditions and especially the expeditions of Nansen, Peary, and Abruzzi. <br></br> The Antarctic, equally with the Arctic, now commands the attention of man. In the South, as in the North, the British race has again produced explorers who have fought their way into the icy fastnesses. From the time that Captain Cook sailed round the unknown southern ocean, more than a century ago, the British flag has waved in the forefront of the advance. The work which Sir James Ross began, over half a century since, has now been carried farther than ever it was anticipated it could be. By the voyage of the Discovery, the Antarctic continent has been revealed to within five hundred miles of the Pole, and in the gallant exploits of the commander, Captain Robert Scott, there are many who see a repetition of all that made the name of Franklin so immortal. <br></br> The source of the information on which these stories are based (as is frequently mentioned in the text) is the personal narrative of the explorer concerned, where available; and if the interest aroused in any of them requires more to satisfy it than the exigencies of space renders possible in this volume, the attention which will thereby be drawn to the more comprehensive records will stand as a slight acknowledgment of the indebtedness of the writer of these re-told stories to the authors of the original narratives. - Summary by the Preface

25Bride of Lammermoor

By Sir Walter Scott

An historical novel by Sir Walter Scott, part of the Tales of My Landlord series, published anonymously in 1819. Based on a true story, it is set in south-east Scotland and (in this edition) in the reign of Queen Anne, after the 1707 Acts of Union which joined Scotland and England. It tells of a tragic love affair between young Lucy Ashton and Edgar Ravenswood, her family's enemy. Lady Ashton sets out to end their engagement and make Lucy marry a man better placed politically. - Summary by Gillian Hendrie

Ivanhoe ist ein 1820 publizierter Roman von Sir Walter Scott und zugleich der Name der Hauptperson des Romans, des Kreuzritters Sir Wilfred of Ivanhoe.<br><br> Die Geschichte thematisiert die Rivalitäten in England zwischen Angelsachsen und Normannen nach dem Sieg Wilhelms des Eroberers sowie die Spätfolgen der Kreuzzüge mit der Geiselnahme des englischen Königs Richard Löwenherz in Österreich. Ebenso sind die zur Zeit der Handlung existierenden Vorurteile gegenüber Juden dargestellt. Robin Hood tritt unter dem Namen „Locksley“ in Erscheinung. Die normannischen Gegenspieler Ivanhoes tragen französische Namen, weil der Adel Englands damals noch Französisch sprach (Brian de Bois-Guilbert, Maurice de Bracy, Philippe de Malvoisin, Ralph de Vipont, Reginald Front-de-Boeuf Herr von Torquilstone). In Abwesenheit König Richards stützt sich dessen jüngerer Bruder Johann Ohneland auf die Macht dieser normannischen Ritter und Barone. Gegensätze zur düsteren Gestalt des normannischen Tempelritters Bois-Guilbert bilden der Held Ivanhoe und die tragische Rolle der Rebekka. - Summary by Wikipedia

27Legend of Montrose

By Sir Walter Scott

A Legend of Montrose is one of Sir Walter Scott's <i>Tales of my Landlord</i>. It is set in the tumultuous 17th century during the Earl of Montrose's military campaign in Scotland. Allan M'Aulay and his friend Lord Menteith both serve in Montrose's army, together with the loose cannon Dugald Dalgetty. The friends are also both in love with Annot Lyle, a beautiful young lady of mysterious heritage. Will they all make it through the war, and which of the friends will Annot finally choose? - Summary by Carolin