Explore: Proton Flares

heated to >107 kelvin, while electrons, protons, and heavier ions are accelerated to near the speed of light. Flares emit electromagnetic radiation across

Retrieved 2014-05-07. The Most Powerful Solar Flares Ever Recorded (NASA's SpaceWeather.com) Solar Proton Events Affecting the Earth Environment (1976

Protons accelerated during an SPE normally have insufficient energy to penetrate the Earth's magnetic field. However, during unusually strong flares,

with solar flares Geomagnetic storm, the interaction of the Sun's outburst with Earth's magnetic field Solar particle event (SPE), proton or energetic

periodic with Rieger cycles include solar flares, photospheric magnetic flux, group sunspot numbers, and proton speed. Various longer (1–2 years) modulations

1958, 1959 and 1960, when widespread radio disruption was reported. The flares and CMEs of the August 1972 solar storms were similar to the Carrington

Sun's corona into the heliosphere. CMEs are often associated with solar flares and other forms of solar activity, but a broadly accepted theoretical understanding

neutron capture. Neutron capture on protons yields a line at 2.223 MeV predicted and commonly observed in solar flares. At small neutron flux, as in a nuclear

particles in the magnetospheric plasma. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere). The resulting

flare seven hours later and four consecutive M-class flares the next day. Among the four flares, the strongest reached a strength of M3.4. On 12 February