Explore: Newtonian Cosmology

parameter, R(t) is the cosmological scale factor, G {\displaystyle G} is the Newtonian constant of gravitation, Λ is the cosmological constant with dimension

Friedmann equation which has been developed into the Standard Model of modern cosmology, and the further developed Lambda-CDM model. The metric is a consequence

quintessence, Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and its relativistic generalization TeVeS, and warm dark matter. Modern physical cosmology as it is currently

telescope Newtonian cosmology Newtonian dynamics Newtonianism, the philosophical principle of applying Newton's methods in a variety of fields Newtonian fluid

fields such as cosmology, general relativity, and string theory. John D. Barrow, in his 2020 paper "Non-Euclidean Newtonian Cosmology," expands on the

straightforwardly governed by Newtonian gravitational dynamics. For photons, expansion leads to the cosmological redshift. While the cosmological redshift is often

Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies. Modifying

Bibcode:1997A&A...320....1B Buchert, Thomas; Ehlers, Jürgen (1997b), "Newtonian cosmology in Lagrangian formulation: foundations and perturbation theory",

laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed those physical laws to be understood. Physical cosmology, as it is now understood,

to Cambridge in 1976, and gained his PhD in 1980 with the thesis Newtonian cosmology and the steady state, while Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge