Explore: Landau Levels

to discrete values, thus known as Landau levels. These levels are degenerate, with the number of electrons per level directly proportional to the strength

Here, ν is roughly but not exactly equal to the filling factor of Landau levels. The quantum Hall effect is referred to as the integer or fractional

Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian: Лев Дави́дович Ланда́у; 22 January 1908 – 1 April 1968) was a Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many

energies of cyclotron orbits are quantized into discrete Landau levels, which contribute to Landau diamagnetism and lead to oscillatory electronic phenomena

reduction algorithm, a polynomial time lattice reduction algorithm Lowest Landau level, wave functions in quantum mechanics Lovász local lemma, a lemma in probability

causes the Landau levels to pass over the Fermi surface, which in turn results in oscillations of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level; this

an accidental symmetry. The symmetry multiplets in this case are the Landau levels which are infinitely degenerate. In atomic physics, the bound states

{\displaystyle B^{*}.} Electrons form Landau levels in a magnetic field, and the number of filled Landau levels is called the filling factor, given by

made up of Landau levels separated by the cyclotron energy. These Landau levels are further split by the Zeeman energy. In each Landau level the cyclotron

energy values, called Landau levels. For 2-dimensional systems with a perpendicular magnetic field, the energy for Landau-levels for ordinary matter described