Explore: Indian Slaveholders

She wrote to John Ruskin in 1855 "I belong to a family of West Indian slaveholders, and if I believed in curses, I should be afraid". Her father and

and African enslaved women suffered rape and sexual harassment by male slaveholders and other white men. African- and Native- Americans have interacted for

4,000 died, nearly a fifth of the population. As some Cherokees were slaveholders, they took enslaved African Americans with them west of the Mississippi

in food, music, language, religion, and decorative aesthetics. French slaveholders allowed enslaved and free Black people to congregate on Sunday afternoons

residents prohibited slavery. Indian slaveholders bought and sold slaves, often doing business with white slaveholders in the neighboring states of Texas

ISBN 0813014158. OCLC 32469459. Smith, Ryan P. "How Native American Slaveholders Complicate the Trail of Tears Narrative". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived

were slaveholders. The majority of slave owners were of mixed-European ancestry. Some thought they were of higher status than full-blood Indians and people

East) Waddell Cunningham (1729–1797), Trans-Atlantic trader, West-Indian slaveholder, Irish Volunteer, liberal patron William Drennan (1754–1820), United

one in 69) was a named slaveholder (393,975 named slaveholders among 27,167,529 free persons). By counting only named slaveholders, this approach does not

American and African-American slaves were at risk of sexual abuse by slaveholders and other white men of power. During the transitional period of Africans'