Explore: Acyl Halides

X is a halogen). In organic chemistry, the term typically refers to acyl halides of carboxylic acids (−C(=O)OH), which contain a −C(=O)X functional group

example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, CH3COCl. Acyl chlorides are the most important subset of acyl halides. Where the acyl chloride moiety

halide to the end of the acyl group. For example, CH3COCl is ethanoyl chloride. An alternate suffix is "-carbonyl halide" as opposed to "-oyl halide"

nitrile, and halide moieties. The hydroxyl group on carboxylic acids may be replaced with a chlorine atom using thionyl chloride to give acyl chlorides.

acylium ions can be generated by removal of the halide from acyl halides: RC(O)Cl + SbCl5 → [RCO]+[SbCl6]− Acyl radicals are readily generated from aldehydes

, an acyl group bonded to a halide. The synthesis and properties of acyl fluorides are somewhat distinctive however. The several routes to acyl fluorides

The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are alkanes containing one or more halogen substituents of hydrogen atom. They are a

Because they form a strong electrophile when treated with Lewis acids, acyl halides are commonly used as acylating agents. For example, Friedel–Crafts acylation

such as H+ and NO+, polarized neutral molecules such as HCl, alkyl halides, acyl halides, and carbonyl compounds, polarizable neutral molecules such as Cl2

performed at lower temperatures. Yields for aryl halides ranged from 4% to 100%, and for acyl halides from 27% to 86%. Reflecting the early contributions