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“TRIBUTES TO HON. GEORGE S. LeMIEUX George S. LeMieux U.S. SENATOR FROM FLORIDA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 ? George S. LeMieux ? Tributes Delivered In Congress George S. LeMieux United States Senator 2009-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Vii Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bunning, Jim, Of Kentucky...................... 12 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 5 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 8 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 8 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 6 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 11 McConnell, Mitch, Of Kentucky.................. 9 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 4 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Senator George Stephen LeMieux Was Born In Fort Lauderdale, FL, On May 21, 1969, The Only Child Of George And Karen LeMieux, A Building Contractor And Secretary To The Company. He Grew Up In Coral Springs, FL, And Graduated In 1987 From Coral Springs High School. George LeMieux Graduated Magna Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa In 1991 From Emory University, Where He Majored In Political Science. He Was Selected By His Peers To Address The Graduating Class As Senior Class Orator. While Earning His College Degree, He Interned For Congressman E. Clay Shaw, Jr. And U.S. Senator Connie Mack III. After College, George LeMieux Went On To Earn His J.D. Cum Laude From Georgetown University Law Center In 1994. At Georgetown He Received The Vincent G. Panati Award As The Graduate With The Highest GPA In Criminal Law Courses. After Law School, He Joined Gunster, A Prominent Florida Law Firm, Resident In The Firm's Ft. Lauderdale Office. George LeMieux And His Wife, The Former Meike Sigrid Detassis, Are The Parents Of Four Children: George Maximilian, Taylor Franz, Chase Karlyle, And Madeleine Meike. Max, Taylor, And Chase Were Born In Tallahassee, FL. Madeleine Was Born In Washington, DC, While George LeMieux Served In The Senate. Inspired By President Ronald Reagan, George LeMieux Became Active In Republican Party Politics At A Young Age, Culminating In His Election As Chairman Of The Broward County Republican Party In 2000. In 2002 George LeMieux Resigned His Position With The Republican Party To Serve As Deputy Attorney General For The State Of Florida. During His Time In The Attorney General's Office, George LeMieux Helped Lead An Agency Of More Than 400 Attorneys. In 2004, On Behalf Of The People Of Florida, He Successfully Argued A Death Penalty Case, Florida V. Nixon, Before The U.S. Supreme Court, Where He Obtained A Unanimous Reversal Of The Decision By The Supreme Court Of Florida. In 2006 George LeMieux Managed A Successful Gubernatorial Campaign And In 2007 Became Chief Of Staff To Governor Charlie Crist. In His Year Serving As Chief Of Staff, He Oversaw The Executive Office Of The Governor Including The Governor's Legislative Agenda, Policy Initiatives, And The Management Of The Agencies That Reported To The Governor. In 2008 George Returned To The Gunster Law Firm And Was Selected By His Colleagues To Serve As Chairman Of The Firm. In Summer 2009, He Was Called Back Into Public Service When Senator Mel Martinez Retired Before The End Of His Term. On September 10, 2010 George LeMieux Was Sworn In As Florida's 34th U.S. Senator, And At The Age Of 41, Was The Youngest U.S. Senator Then Serving. During His Time In The Senate, George LeMieux Was An Active Member Of The Senate Armed Services Committee, The Commerce Committee, And The Special Committee On Aging. In The Senate, He Made The Debt And Deficit His Primary Focus. He Introduced A Balanced Budget Amendment To The Constitution And Opposed Wasteful Earmark Spending, Helping To Lead The Effort To Ban All Earmarks In The 111th Congress. While In The Senate, George LeMieux Proposed The ''2007 Solution,'' A Plan To Eliminate The Deficit By 2013 And Cut The National Debt Nearly In Half By 2020. He Also Saw Several Of His Legislative Priorities Signed Into Law, Including Medicare Antifraud Legislation, An Export Promotion Act, Tax Relief And Lending Assistance For Small Businesses, And Elimination Of The Monopoly Given To Rating Agencies To Determine The Creditworthiness Of Securities. George LeMieux Also Successfully Offered An Amendment To The Resolution Of Ratification To The New START Treaty With Russia, Requiring The President To Seek Negotiations With Russia To Secure And Reduce Tactical Nuclear Weapons In A Verifiable Manner. For His Efforts, George LeMieux Received Several Recognitions Including The Spirit Of Enterprise Award From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The Tax Fighter Award By The National Tax Limitation Committee, The Friend Of The Family Award By The Christian Family Coalition, The Guardian Of Small Business Award By The National Federation Of Independent Business, And Twice Received The Taxpayer Hero Award By Citizens Against Government Waste. In His Farewell Speech To The U.S. Senate, George LeMieux Described His Service In The Senate As The ''honor Of His Life,'' And Quoting President Theodore Roosevelt, Said Serving In The Senate Allowed Him To Enjoy One Of The Greatest Gifts Life Has To Offer, The Opportunity To ''work Hard At Work Worth Doing.'' Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 7, 2010 Mr. LeMIEUX. Madam President, I Rise To Pay Tribute To The Body With Which I Have Had The Privilege Of Serving For The Past 15 Months. Being A U.S. Senator, Representing 18\1/2\ Million Floridians, Has Been The Privilege Of My Lifetime, And Now That Privilege Is Coming To An End. As I Stand On The Floor Of The Senate To Address My Colleagues This One Last Time, I Am Both Humbled And Grateful, Humbled By This Tremendous Institution, By Its Work, And By The Statesmen I Have Had The Opportunity To Serve With, Who I Knew Only From Afar But Now Am Grateful That I Can Call Those Same Men And Women My Colleagues. No Endeavor Worth Doing Is Done Alone. And My Time Here Is No Exception. In The Past 16 Months, I Have Asked The Folks Who Worked With Me To Try To Get 6 Years Of Service Out Of That Time, And They Have Worked Tirelessly To Achieve That Goal. My Chief Of Staff Kerry Feehery, My Deputy Chief Of Staff Vivian Myrtetus, My State Director Carlos Curbelo, Ben Moncrief, Michael Zehy, Ken Lundberg, Melissa Hernandez, Maureen Jaeger, Danielle Joos, Brian Walsh, Frank Walker, Spencer Wayne, Vennia Francois, Victor Cervino, Taylor Booth, And Many Others Have Made Our Time Here Worthwhile, And I Thank All Of Them. I Especially Thank Vivian And Maureen Who Left Their Families And Gave Up Precious Time With Their Children To Come To Washington To Support Me In These Efforts. I Am Also Thankful To The People Who Work In Our State Office. Time And Time Again When I Travel Around Florida I Am Greeted By People Who Have Received Such A Warm Reception From The Men And Women Who Serve Us In Florida And Help People Deal With Problems With The Federal Government. I Am Grateful For Their Work. Senator McConnell Has Provided Me With Opportunities Beyond My Expectations. He Is A Great Leader, And I Am Grateful To Him. Senators Alexander, Burr, Cornyn, Kyl, McCain, Corker, And Many Others Have Taken Me Under Their Wings And Mentored Me, And I Am Appreciative Of Them. Chairmen Rockefeller And Levin, We Have Had The Opportunity To Do Great Work Together In Your Committees. I Thank You For That. Senators Cantwell, Klobuchar, Landrieu, Whitehouse, And Baucus, We Have Worked Together In A Commonsense Way To Pass Legislation That Is Good For The American People, And I Am Appreciative Of Your Efforts. Senator Mel Martinez, Who Ably Held The Seat Before Me, Has Been Generous In His Advice And Counsel. Senator Nelson And His Wife Grace Have Been Warm And Welcomed Meike And Me To Washington. I Am Thankful For Your Courtesy. I Thank Governor Crist. He Has Afforded Me Tremendous Opportunities For Public Service, And I Am Grateful. I Want To Say A Special Thank You To My Parents. My Grandfather, In 1951, Drove His 1949 Pontiac From Waterbury, CT, To Fort Lauderdale, FL, With His Wife And Five Kids Piled In The Back. He Didn't Know Anybody. He Didn't Have A Job. But He Went There To Make A Better Life For His Family. He Worked In The Trades, In Construction. He Built Houses And He Taught My Father The Same Thing. And As My Father Worked In The Hot Florida Sun, His Ambition For His Son Was That He Would One Day Get To Work In Air-conditioning. I Have Achieved That Goal And So Much More Because Of Their Sacrifice. Mom And Dad Didn't Go To College But They Sent Me To College And Law School, And I Will Be Forever Grateful For What They Have Done For Me. My Most Heartfelt Appreciation Goes To My Wife Meike. When I Learned Of This Appointment, I Met Her At The Door Of Our Home In Tallahassee And She Was Crying. She Was Not Just Crying Because She Was Happy; She Was Crying Because She Was Worried. At The Time We Had Three Small Sons” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  TRIBUTES TO HON. GEORGE S. LeMIEUX George S. LeMieux U.S. SENATOR FROM FLORIDA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 ? George S. LeMieux ? Tributes Delivered In Congress George S. LeMieux United States Senator 2009-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Vii Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bunning, Jim, Of Kentucky...................... 12 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 5 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 8 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 8 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 6 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 11 McConnell, Mitch, Of Kentucky.................. 9 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 4 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Senator George Stephen LeMieux Was Born In Fort Lauderdale, FL, On May 21, 1969, The Only Child Of George And Karen LeMieux, A Building Contractor And Secretary To The Company. He Grew Up In Coral Springs, FL, And Graduated In 1987 From Coral Springs High School. George LeMieux Graduated Magna Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa In 1991 From Emory University, Where He Majored In Political Science. He Was Selected By His Peers To Address The Graduating Class As Senior Class Orator. While Earning His College Degree, He Interned For Congressman E. Clay Shaw, Jr. And U.S. Senator Connie Mack III. After College, George LeMieux Went On To Earn His J.D. Cum Laude From Georgetown University Law Center In 1994. At Georgetown He Received The Vincent G. Panati Award As The Graduate With The Highest GPA In Criminal Law Courses. After Law School, He Joined Gunster, A Prominent Florida Law Firm, Resident In The Firm's Ft. Lauderdale Office. George LeMieux And His Wife, The Former Meike Sigrid Detassis, Are The Parents Of Four Children: George Maximilian, Taylor Franz, Chase Karlyle, And Madeleine Meike. Max, Taylor, And Chase Were Born In Tallahassee, FL. Madeleine Was Born In Washington, DC, While George LeMieux Served In The Senate. Inspired By President Ronald Reagan, George LeMieux Became Active In Republican Party Politics At A Young Age, Culminating In His Election As Chairman Of The Broward County Republican Party In 2000. In 2002 George LeMieux Resigned His Position With The Republican Party To Serve As Deputy Attorney General For The State Of Florida. During His Time In The Attorney General's Office, George LeMieux Helped Lead An Agency Of More Than 400 Attorneys. In 2004, On Behalf Of The People Of Florida, He Successfully Argued A Death Penalty Case, Florida V. Nixon, Before The U.S. Supreme Court, Where He Obtained A Unanimous Reversal Of The Decision By The Supreme Court Of Florida. In 2006 George LeMieux Managed A Successful Gubernatorial Campaign And In 2007 Became Chief Of Staff To Governor Charlie Crist. In His Year Serving As Chief Of Staff, He Oversaw The Executive Office Of The Governor Including The Governor's Legislative Agenda, Policy Initiatives, And The Management Of The Agencies That Reported To The Governor. In 2008 George Returned To The Gunster Law Firm And Was Selected By His Colleagues To Serve As Chairman Of The Firm. In Summer 2009, He Was Called Back Into Public Service When Senator Mel Martinez Retired Before The End Of His Term. On September 10, 2010 George LeMieux Was Sworn In As Florida's 34th U.S. Senator, And At The Age Of 41, Was The Youngest U.S. Senator Then Serving. During His Time In The Senate, George LeMieux Was An Active Member Of The Senate Armed Services Committee, The Commerce Committee, And The Special Committee On Aging. In The Senate, He Made The Debt And Deficit His Primary Focus. He Introduced A Balanced Budget Amendment To The Constitution And Opposed Wasteful Earmark Spending, Helping To Lead The Effort To Ban All Earmarks In The 111th Congress. While In The Senate, George LeMieux Proposed The ''2007 Solution,'' A Plan To Eliminate The Deficit By 2013 And Cut The National Debt Nearly In Half By 2020. He Also Saw Several Of His Legislative Priorities Signed Into Law, Including Medicare Antifraud Legislation, An Export Promotion Act, Tax Relief And Lending Assistance For Small Businesses, And Elimination Of The Monopoly Given To Rating Agencies To Determine The Creditworthiness Of Securities. George LeMieux Also Successfully Offered An Amendment To The Resolution Of Ratification To The New START Treaty With Russia, Requiring The President To Seek Negotiations With Russia To Secure And Reduce Tactical Nuclear Weapons In A Verifiable Manner. For His Efforts, George LeMieux Received Several Recognitions Including The Spirit Of Enterprise Award From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The Tax Fighter Award By The National Tax Limitation Committee, The Friend Of The Family Award By The Christian Family Coalition, The Guardian Of Small Business Award By The National Federation Of Independent Business, And Twice Received The Taxpayer Hero Award By Citizens Against Government Waste. In His Farewell Speech To The U.S. Senate, George LeMieux Described His Service In The Senate As The ''honor Of His Life,'' And Quoting President Theodore Roosevelt, Said Serving In The Senate Allowed Him To Enjoy One Of The Greatest Gifts Life Has To Offer, The Opportunity To ''work Hard At Work Worth Doing.'' Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 7, 2010 Mr. LeMIEUX. Madam President, I Rise To Pay Tribute To The Body With Which I Have Had The Privilege Of Serving For The Past 15 Months. Being A U.S. Senator, Representing 18\1/2\ Million Floridians, Has Been The Privilege Of My Lifetime, And Now That Privilege Is Coming To An End. As I Stand On The Floor Of The Senate To Address My Colleagues This One Last Time, I Am Both Humbled And Grateful, Humbled By This Tremendous Institution, By Its Work, And By The Statesmen I Have Had The Opportunity To Serve With, Who I Knew Only From Afar But Now Am Grateful That I Can Call Those Same Men And Women My Colleagues. No Endeavor Worth Doing Is Done Alone. And My Time Here Is No Exception. In The Past 16 Months, I Have Asked The Folks Who Worked With Me To Try To Get 6 Years Of Service Out Of That Time, And They Have Worked Tirelessly To Achieve That Goal. My Chief Of Staff Kerry Feehery, My Deputy Chief Of Staff Vivian Myrtetus, My State Director Carlos Curbelo, Ben Moncrief, Michael Zehy, Ken Lundberg, Melissa Hernandez, Maureen Jaeger, Danielle Joos, Brian Walsh, Frank Walker, Spencer Wayne, Vennia Francois, Victor Cervino, Taylor Booth, And Many Others Have Made Our Time Here Worthwhile, And I Thank All Of Them. I Especially Thank Vivian And Maureen Who Left Their Families And Gave Up Precious Time With Their Children To Come To Washington To Support Me In These Efforts. I Am Also Thankful To The People Who Work In Our State Office. Time And Time Again When I Travel Around Florida I Am Greeted By People Who Have Received Such A Warm Reception From The Men And Women Who Serve Us In Florida And Help People Deal With Problems With The Federal Government. I Am Grateful For Their Work. Senator McConnell Has Provided Me With Opportunities Beyond My Expectations. He Is A Great Leader, And I Am Grateful To Him. Senators Alexander, Burr, Cornyn, Kyl, McCain, Corker, And Many Others Have Taken Me Under Their Wings And Mentored Me, And I Am Appreciative Of Them. Chairmen Rockefeller And Levin, We Have Had The Opportunity To Do Great Work Together In Your Committees. I Thank You For That. Senators Cantwell, Klobuchar, Landrieu, Whitehouse, And Baucus, We Have Worked Together In A Commonsense Way To Pass Legislation That Is Good For The American People, And I Am Appreciative Of Your Efforts. Senator Mel Martinez, Who Ably Held The Seat Before Me, Has Been Generous In His Advice And Counsel. Senator Nelson And His Wife Grace Have Been Warm And Welcomed Meike And Me To Washington. I Am Thankful For Your Courtesy. I Thank Governor Crist. He Has Afforded Me Tremendous Opportunities For Public Service, And I Am Grateful. I Want To Say A Special Thank You To My Parents. My Grandfather, In 1951, Drove His 1949 Pontiac From Waterbury, CT, To Fort Lauderdale, FL, With His Wife And Five Kids Piled In The Back. He Didn't Know Anybody. He Didn't Have A Job. But He Went There To Make A Better Life For His Family. He Worked In The Trades, In Construction. He Built Houses And He Taught My Father The Same Thing. And As My Father Worked In The Hot Florida Sun, His Ambition For His Son Was That He Would One Day Get To Work In Air-conditioning. I Have Achieved That Goal And So Much More Because Of Their Sacrifice. Mom And Dad Didn't Go To College But They Sent Me To College And Law School, And I Will Be Forever Grateful For What They Have Done For Me. My Most Heartfelt Appreciation Goes To My Wife Meike. When I Learned Of This Appointment, I Met Her At The Door Of Our Home In Tallahassee And She Was Crying. She Was Not Just Crying Because She Was Happy; She Was Crying Because She Was Worried. At The Time We Had Three Small Sons
• Author: Congressional Committee
• Language: English

“TRIBUTES TO HON. GEORGE S. LeMIEUX George S. LeMieux U.S. SENATOR FROM FLORIDA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 ? George S. LeMieux ? Tributes Delivered In Congress George S. LeMieux United States Senator 2009-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Vii Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bunning, Jim, Of Kentucky...................... 12 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 5 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 8 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 8 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 6 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 11 McConnell, Mitch, Of Kentucky.................. 9 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 4 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Senator George Stephen LeMieux Was Born In Fort Lauderdale, FL, On May 21, 1969, The Only Child Of George And Karen LeMieux, A Building Contractor And Secretary To The Company. He Grew Up In Coral Springs, FL, And Graduated In 1987 From Coral Springs High School. George LeMieux Graduated Magna Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa In 1991 From Emory University, Where He Majored In Political Science. He Was Selected By His Peers To Address The Graduating Class As Senior Class Orator. While Earning His College Degree, He Interned For Congressman E. Clay Shaw, Jr. And U.S. Senator Connie Mack III. After College, George LeMieux Went On To Earn His J.D. Cum Laude From Georgetown University Law Center In 1994. At Georgetown He Received The Vincent G. Panati Award As The Graduate With The Highest GPA In Criminal Law Courses. After Law School, He Joined Gunster, A Prominent Florida Law Firm, Resident In The Firm's Ft. Lauderdale Office. George LeMieux And His Wife, The Former Meike Sigrid Detassis, Are The Parents Of Four Children: George Maximilian, Taylor Franz, Chase Karlyle, And Madeleine Meike. Max, Taylor, And Chase Were Born In Tallahassee, FL. Madeleine Was Born In Washington, DC, While George LeMieux Served In The Senate. Inspired By President Ronald Reagan, George LeMieux Became Active In Republican Party Politics At A Young Age, Culminating In His Election As Chairman Of The Broward County Republican Party In 2000. In 2002 George LeMieux Resigned His Position With The Republican Party To Serve As Deputy Attorney General For The State Of Florida. During His Time In The Attorney General's Office, George LeMieux Helped Lead An Agency Of More Than 400 Attorneys. In 2004, On Behalf Of The People Of Florida, He Successfully Argued A Death Penalty Case, Florida V. Nixon, Before The U.S. Supreme Court, Where He Obtained A Unanimous Reversal Of The Decision By The Supreme Court Of Florida. In 2006 George LeMieux Managed A Successful Gubernatorial Campaign And In 2007 Became Chief Of Staff To Governor Charlie Crist. In His Year Serving As Chief Of Staff, He Oversaw The Executive Office Of The Governor Including The Governor's Legislative Agenda, Policy Initiatives, And The Management Of The Agencies That Reported To The Governor. In 2008 George Returned To The Gunster Law Firm And Was Selected By His Colleagues To Serve As Chairman Of The Firm. In Summer 2009, He Was Called Back Into Public Service When Senator Mel Martinez Retired Before The End Of His Term. On September 10, 2010 George LeMieux Was Sworn In As Florida's 34th U.S. Senator, And At The Age Of 41, Was The Youngest U.S. Senator Then Serving. During His Time In The Senate, George LeMieux Was An Active Member Of The Senate Armed Services Committee, The Commerce Committee, And The Special Committee On Aging. In The Senate, He Made The Debt And Deficit His Primary Focus. He Introduced A Balanced Budget Amendment To The Constitution And Opposed Wasteful Earmark Spending, Helping To Lead The Effort To Ban All Earmarks In The 111th Congress. While In The Senate, George LeMieux Proposed The ''2007 Solution,'' A Plan To Eliminate The Deficit By 2013 And Cut The National Debt Nearly In Half By 2020. He Also Saw Several Of His Legislative Priorities Signed Into Law, Including Medicare Antifraud Legislation, An Export Promotion Act, Tax Relief And Lending Assistance For Small Businesses, And Elimination Of The Monopoly Given To Rating Agencies To Determine The Creditworthiness Of Securities. George LeMieux Also Successfully Offered An Amendment To The Resolution Of Ratification To The New START Treaty With Russia, Requiring The President To Seek Negotiations With Russia To Secure And Reduce Tactical Nuclear Weapons In A Verifiable Manner. For His Efforts, George LeMieux Received Several Recognitions Including The Spirit Of Enterprise Award From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The Tax Fighter Award By The National Tax Limitation Committee, The Friend Of The Family Award By The Christian Family Coalition, The Guardian Of Small Business Award By The National Federation Of Independent Business, And Twice Received The Taxpayer Hero Award By Citizens Against Government Waste. In His Farewell Speech To The U.S. Senate, George LeMieux Described His Service In The Senate As The ''honor Of His Life,'' And Quoting President Theodore Roosevelt, Said Serving In The Senate Allowed Him To Enjoy One Of The Greatest Gifts Life Has To Offer, The Opportunity To ''work Hard At Work Worth Doing.'' Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 7, 2010 Mr. LeMIEUX. Madam President, I Rise To Pay Tribute To The Body With Which I Have Had The Privilege Of Serving For The Past 15 Months. Being A U.S. Senator, Representing 18\1/2\ Million Floridians, Has Been The Privilege Of My Lifetime, And Now That Privilege Is Coming To An End. As I Stand On The Floor Of The Senate To Address My Colleagues This One Last Time, I Am Both Humbled And Grateful, Humbled By This Tremendous Institution, By Its Work, And By The Statesmen I Have Had The Opportunity To Serve With, Who I Knew Only From Afar But Now Am Grateful That I Can Call Those Same Men And Women My Colleagues. No Endeavor Worth Doing Is Done Alone. And My Time Here Is No Exception. In The Past 16 Months, I Have Asked The Folks Who Worked With Me To Try To Get 6 Years Of Service Out Of That Time, And They Have Worked Tirelessly To Achieve That Goal. My Chief Of Staff Kerry Feehery, My Deputy Chief Of Staff Vivian Myrtetus, My State Director Carlos Curbelo, Ben Moncrief, Michael Zehy, Ken Lundberg, Melissa Hernandez, Maureen Jaeger, Danielle Joos, Brian Walsh, Frank Walker, Spencer Wayne, Vennia Francois, Victor Cervino, Taylor Booth, And Many Others Have Made Our Time Here Worthwhile, And I Thank All Of Them. I Especially Thank Vivian And Maureen Who Left Their Families And Gave Up Precious Time With Their Children To Come To Washington To Support Me In These Efforts. I Am Also Thankful To The People Who Work In Our State Office. Time And Time Again When I Travel Around Florida I Am Greeted By People Who Have Received Such A Warm Reception From The Men And Women Who Serve Us In Florida And Help People Deal With Problems With The Federal Government. I Am Grateful For Their Work. Senator McConnell Has Provided Me With Opportunities Beyond My Expectations. He Is A Great Leader, And I Am Grateful To Him. Senators Alexander, Burr, Cornyn, Kyl, McCain, Corker, And Many Others Have Taken Me Under Their Wings And Mentored Me, And I Am Appreciative Of Them. Chairmen Rockefeller And Levin, We Have Had The Opportunity To Do Great Work Together In Your Committees. I Thank You For That. Senators Cantwell, Klobuchar, Landrieu, Whitehouse, And Baucus, We Have Worked Together In A Commonsense Way To Pass Legislation That Is Good For The American People, And I Am Appreciative Of Your Efforts. Senator Mel Martinez, Who Ably Held The Seat Before Me, Has Been Generous In His Advice And Counsel. Senator Nelson And His Wife Grace Have Been Warm And Welcomed Meike And Me To Washington. I Am Thankful For Your Courtesy. I Thank Governor Crist. He Has Afforded Me Tremendous Opportunities For Public Service, And I Am Grateful. I Want To Say A Special Thank You To My Parents. My Grandfather, In 1951, Drove His 1949 Pontiac From Waterbury, CT, To Fort Lauderdale, FL, With His Wife And Five Kids Piled In The Back. He Didn't Know Anybody. He Didn't Have A Job. But He Went There To Make A Better Life For His Family. He Worked In The Trades, In Construction. He Built Houses And He Taught My Father The Same Thing. And As My Father Worked In The Hot Florida Sun, His Ambition For His Son Was That He Would One Day Get To Work In Air-conditioning. I Have Achieved That Goal And So Much More Because Of Their Sacrifice. Mom And Dad Didn't Go To College But They Sent Me To College And Law School, And I Will Be Forever Grateful For What They Have Done For Me. My Most Heartfelt Appreciation Goes To My Wife Meike. When I Learned Of This Appointment, I Met Her At The Door Of Our Home In Tallahassee And She Was Crying. She Was Not Just Crying Because She Was Happy; She Was Crying Because She Was Worried. At The Time We Had Three Small Sons” Subjects and Themes:

• Subjects: 111th - Senate

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: ➤  gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-111shrg64813

“TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered In Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Xi Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., Of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., Of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, Of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., Of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, Of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, Of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, Of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, Of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, Of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, Of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since First Elected In 1980, Arlen Specter Has Brought Rugged Individualism And Fierce Independence Learned From His Youth On The Kansas Plains To Become A Leading Senate Moderate. His Work As Philadelphia's Tough District Attorney Gave Him Insights To Write The Terrorist Prosecution Act, The Armed Career Criminal Act, And Coauthor The Second Chance Act. His Legal Background And Experience In Constitutional Law Provided The Skills To Serve As Judiciary Chairman During The Confirmation Hearings Of Chief Justice Roberts And Justice Alito. In Earlier Confirmation Hearings He Had The Courage To Cross Party Lines In Opposing Judge Bork And Disagreeing With Conventional Wisdom In Supporting Justice Thomas After Dissecting The Contradictory And Highly Charged Testimony. As A Consummate Legislator, He Has Counseled Compromise And Conciliation In A Congress That Has Established New Records For Partisan Discord. In Foreign Affairs, He Has Advocated Dialogue And Accommodation As An Antidote To Belligerency And Saber Rattling. Arlen Specter's Five Terms Have Made Him The Longest Serving U.S. Senator In Pennsylvania's History. A Voice Of Reason, His Independence And Balance Have Won Endorsements From The AFL-CIO And High Marks From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The National Association Of Manufacturers, And The Americans For Tax Reform. Time Magazine Listed Him Among The Ten Best Senators In 2006. Knowlegis Rated Him The Second Most Powerful Senator In 2006 Behind Only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer Editorial Stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter Has More Clout Than Some Sovereign Nations.'' Senator Specter Attributes His Zeal For Public Service To His Experience As A Child When He Saw The Government Mistreat His Father, Harry Specter, Who Migrated To The United States From Russia In 1911. Private Specter, Serving In World War I In The Infantry, Was Seriously Wounded In Action In France's Argonne Forest. When The Government Broke Its Promise To Pay World War I Veterans A 00 Bonus, The Veterans Marched On Washington. President Hoover Called Out The Army Which Fired On And Killed Veterans On The Mall In One Of The Blackest Days In American History. As A Metaphor, Senator Specter Says He Has Been On His Way To Washington Ever Since To Get His Father's Bonus And Since He Hasn't Gotten It Yet, He's Running For Reelection. The Incident Over His Father's Bonus Has Made Arlen Specter A Fierce Advocate For Veterans' Benefits And The ''little Guy'' In His Battles With The Federal Government. From His Immigrant Parents, Arlen Specter Learned Work Ethics The Hard Way. His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was A Peddler, Took 5-year-old Arlen To Small Kansas Towns Selling Cantaloupes Door To Door With A Small Basket In Hand. In His Dad's Junkyard In Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter Cut Down Oil Derricks With An Acetylene Torch And Loaded Scrap Iron Into Rail Freight Cars Headed For The Smelter. His Credentials Include Votes For The Line-item Veto And A Constitutional Amendment For A Balanced Budget. As A Two-term Philadelphia District Attorney, He Fought For Tough Sentences For Tough Criminals And Later, In The Senate, Wrote Groundbreaking Legislation Providing For Life Sentences For Three-time Recidivists On Violent Crimes. Since 1981, He Has Played A Significant Role In Supreme Court Nomination Hearings, For Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, And Judge Bork. Notwithstanding Debilitating Chemotherapy Treatments In 2005, He Stayed On The Job As Chairman Of The Judiciary Committee To Preside Over Historic Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings. His Work On The Judiciary Committee Has Included Writing Significant Legislation On Dealing With Constitutional Law, Civil Rights, And Privacy. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, He Led The Fight To Increase Funding For The National Institutes Of Health From 2 Billion To 0 Billion To Expand Medical Research To Find Cures For Cancer, Heart Disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, And Other Maladies. He Has Supported Expanding Health Care For Seniors And Children And Has Proposed Legislation To Cover The Almost 50 Million Americans Who Do Not Have Health Insurance. Because Senator Specter Is Keenly Aware Of The Importance Of Understanding The Younger Generation, He Often Visits And Speaks At Universities And High Schools. He Credits His Parents, Both Immigrants, With Emphasizing The Importance Of Education Which Has Enabled His Brother, Two Sisters, And Himself To Share In The American Dream. To Empower Others With Access To Education, He Led The Fight On The Appropriations Subcommittee To Increase Federal Spending By 138 Percent And Raise Funding For Scholarships And Student Loans. Constituent Service And Promoting Pennsylvania's Economic Interests Have Been The Hallmarks Of Senator Specter's Senate Career. He Maintained Offices In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, And The Lehigh Valley To Help Residents Of Those Areas Who Needed Assistance To Cut Washington's Redtape. From His Experience As A Teenager Working On A Farm In Kansas, The State Where He Was Born, Senator Specter Has Understood And Worked On The Problems Of Pennsylvania's Farmers From His Position On The Appropriations Subcommittee On Agriculture. He Frequently Argues In The International Trade Commission To Assist The Steel Industry From Being Deluged With Unfair Foreign Imports. His Proposed Legislation, Endorsed By Both Business And Labor, Would Create A Private Right Of Action In Federal Courts To Stop Subsidized Or Dumped Products From Being Imported Into The United States. He Has Supported The Coal Industry By Promoting Legislation For Clean Coal Technology And Securing 00 Million For A Schuylkill County Project To Turn Sludge Into High Octane, Environmentally Safe Gasoline. Recognizing The Long-term Effects Of Global Warming, He Has Cosponsored The Bingaman-Specter Bill To Reduce Harm From Carbon Emissions. As Chairman Of The Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress And A Member Of The Appropriations Subcommittee On Foreign Operations, Senator Specter Traveled Extensively Meeting With World Leaders Including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, And Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, And Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein And Abdullah; And Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly Agreeing With Moshe Dayan's Famous Statement That We Make Peace With Our Enemies Not Our Friends, He Has Met With Syria's Presidents Hafez Al-Assad And Bashar Al-Assad; The Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; And Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From These Meetings And His Studies Of Foreign Affairs Since His Undergraduate Days At The University Of Pennsylvania, Where He Majored In Political Science And International Relations, Senator Specter Has Been A Forceful Advocate For Aggressive Diplomacy To Solve International Conflicts. He Wrote, With Staffer Chris Bradish, An Article For The Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), Outlining A Blueprint For Diplomatic Initiatives In The Mideast With Emphasis On Bilateral Negotiations With Iran And Syria. Similarly, He Has Urged Bilateral, As Well As Multilateral, Negotiations With North Korea. Early In His Senate Career In 1982, He Was Among The First To Call For A U.S./U.S.S.R. Summit In A Resolution Which Passed The Senate 90 To 8. He Participated Extensively With The Senate Observers At The Geneva Arms Reduction Talks In The 1980s And Led The Fight For The Broad Interpretation Of The ABM Treaty. Senator Specter Consistently Supported Appropriations To Fight Global AIDS And Promoted Worldwide Support For Underdeveloped Countries Including Free Trade Agreements. Arlen Specter Was Elected To The U.S. Senate In 1980 And Served Five Terms. In 2005, Senator Specter Became Pennsylvania's Longest Serving U.S. Senator. He Was A Senior Member Of The Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, And Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter Was A Member Of The Senate Judiciary Committee Since He Came To The Senate. As Such, He Played An Instrumental Role In Many Of The Senate's Most Important Issues, Including The Confirmations Of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. And Justice Samuel Alito To Serve As Associate Justice On The U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter Also Shepherded Through The Judiciary Committee Legislation On Asbestos Litigation Reform To Absolve What The Supreme Court Once Called An ''elephantine Mass'' Clogging Our Judicial System. Senator Specter Has Worked In A Bipartisan Fashion To Reauthorize Key Provisions Of The USA PATRIOT Act, An Important Tool In The U.S. War On Terror. He Has Also Authored Legislation To Help Consumers Better Protect The Privacy Of Their Personal Information In The Face Of Recurrent Data Security Breaches Across The Country. On The Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter Built On His Foundation As A Lawyer And Former District Attorney. He Was The Author Of The Armed Career Criminal Act, Which Has Been Praised For Its Long Prison Terms For Repeat Offenders, And The Terrorist Prosecution Act, Which Authorizes Criminal Actions In U.S. Courts For Assaulting, Maiming, Or Murdering Americans Anywhere In The World. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter Was Chairman Of The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee On Labor, Health And Human Services, And Education. This Subcommittee Oversees Federal Funding For The National Institutes Of Health (NIH), The Centers For Disease Control, Educational Programs Like Head Start, Pell Grants, And GEAR-UP, And Worker Safety Programs. Under His Leadership, Funding For Education Has Increased By More Than 130 Percent. Senator Specter Was Also Instrumental In Doubling The Budget For NIH, Which Has Made Major Advances In Curing Parkinson's, Cancer, Heart Disease, And Delaying The Onset Of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter Is A Strong Proponent Of Stem Cell Research For The Purposes Of Discovering Knowledge That May Lead To Cures For These Same Ailments. Strengthening Our Nation's Security Has Been A Longstanding Priority Of Senator Specter's. Thirty Days After The Terrorist Attacks Of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter Drafted The Legislation That Established The Department Of Homeland Security. While Serving As Chairman Of The Senate Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress, He Authored The Bill Creating The Inspector General Of The Central Intelligence Agency, Marking The Only Reform Legislation To Emerge From The Iran-Contra Affair. Senator Specter Continues His Strong Advocacy For Veterans, A Passion Born From The First Veteran He Ever Knew, His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was Wounded In World War I. As A Former Chairman Of The Veterans Committee, He Pushed For Just Treatment For Veterans And Increased Benefits. Working Closely With The Secretary Of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter Oversaw The Opening Of Four New Veterans Outpatient Clinics In Fayette, Northampton, Venango, And Warren Counties And Passed Legislation To Create A New Veterans Cemetery In Southeastern Pennsylvania. A Frequent Visitor To All Of Pennsylvania's 67 Counties, Senator Specter Places Constituent Service High On His Priorities And Has Been Instrumental On The Appropriations Committee In Promoting Pennsylvania's Interests In Agriculture, High-technology, Steel, Coal, Tourism, Mass Transit, Highways, And Military Installations. In Addition To Tackling The Major Legislative Business Before The Senate, Senator Specter Also Engaged In A Personal Battle With Stage IV-B Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cancer In 2005 And 2008. In Both Cases He Underwent Nearly 5 Months Of Chemotherapy, But Still Maintained All Of His Senatorial Duties, Including Chairing Hearings, Voting, And Brokering Important Legislative Initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter Received His Last Chemotherapy Treatment And Has Since Received A Clean Bill Of Health. Senator Specter Was Born To Immigrant Parents In Wichita, KS, And Grew Up In The Small Town Of Russell, KS. He Is A Phi Beta Kappa Graduate Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Served As An Editor Of The Yale Law Journal. He Began His Career In Public Service As An Assistant Philadelphia District Attorney. While Serving In That Position, He Was Named Assistant Counsel On The Warren Commission Investigation Into President Kennedy's Assassination. Two Years Later, Senator Specter Was Elected District Attorney Of Philadelphia At The Age Of 35. Senator Specter Lives In Philadelphia With His Wife Joan. They Have Two Sons, Shanin And Steve, And Four Grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, And Hatti. Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, This Is Not A Farewell Address But, Rather, A Closing Argument To A Jury Of My Colleagues And The American People Outlining My Views On How The Senate And, With It, The Federal Government Arrived At Its Current Condition Of Partisan Gridlock, And My Suggestions On Where We Go From Here On That Pressing Problem And The Key Issues Of National And International Importance. To Make A Final Floor Statement Is A Challenge. The Washington Post Noted The Poor Attendance At My Colleagues' Farewell Speeches Earlier This Month. That Is Really Not Surprising Since There Is Hardly Anyone Ever On The Senate Floor. The Days Of Lively Debate With Many Members On The Floor Are Long Gone. Abuse Of The Senate Rules Has Pretty Much Stripped Senators Of The Right To Offer Amendments. The Modern Filibuster Requires Only A Threat And No Talking. So The Senate's Activity For More Than A Decade Has Been The Virtual Continuous Drone Of A Quorum Call. But That Is Not The Way It Was When Senator Chris Dodd And I Were Privileged To Enter The World's Greatest Deliberative Body 30 Years Ago. Senators On Both Sides Of The Aisle Engaged In Collegial Debate And Found Ways To Find Common Ground On The Nation's Pressing Problems. When I Attended My First Republican Moderates Luncheon, I Met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, And I Found My Colleague John Heinz There. That Is A Far Cry From Later Years When The Moderates Could Fit Into A Telephone Booth. On The Other Side Of The Aisle, I Found Many Democratic Senators Willing To Move To The Center To Craft Legislation” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered In Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Xi Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., Of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., Of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, Of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., Of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, Of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, Of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, Of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, Of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, Of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, Of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since First Elected In 1980, Arlen Specter Has Brought Rugged Individualism And Fierce Independence Learned From His Youth On The Kansas Plains To Become A Leading Senate Moderate. His Work As Philadelphia's Tough District Attorney Gave Him Insights To Write The Terrorist Prosecution Act, The Armed Career Criminal Act, And Coauthor The Second Chance Act. His Legal Background And Experience In Constitutional Law Provided The Skills To Serve As Judiciary Chairman During The Confirmation Hearings Of Chief Justice Roberts And Justice Alito. In Earlier Confirmation Hearings He Had The Courage To Cross Party Lines In Opposing Judge Bork And Disagreeing With Conventional Wisdom In Supporting Justice Thomas After Dissecting The Contradictory And Highly Charged Testimony. As A Consummate Legislator, He Has Counseled Compromise And Conciliation In A Congress That Has Established New Records For Partisan Discord. In Foreign Affairs, He Has Advocated Dialogue And Accommodation As An Antidote To Belligerency And Saber Rattling. Arlen Specter's Five Terms Have Made Him The Longest Serving U.S. Senator In Pennsylvania's History. A Voice Of Reason, His Independence And Balance Have Won Endorsements From The AFL-CIO And High Marks From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The National Association Of Manufacturers, And The Americans For Tax Reform. Time Magazine Listed Him Among The Ten Best Senators In 2006. Knowlegis Rated Him The Second Most Powerful Senator In 2006 Behind Only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer Editorial Stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter Has More Clout Than Some Sovereign Nations.'' Senator Specter Attributes His Zeal For Public Service To His Experience As A Child When He Saw The Government Mistreat His Father, Harry Specter, Who Migrated To The United States From Russia In 1911. Private Specter, Serving In World War I In The Infantry, Was Seriously Wounded In Action In France's Argonne Forest. When The Government Broke Its Promise To Pay World War I Veterans A 00 Bonus, The Veterans Marched On Washington. President Hoover Called Out The Army Which Fired On And Killed Veterans On The Mall In One Of The Blackest Days In American History. As A Metaphor, Senator Specter Says He Has Been On His Way To Washington Ever Since To Get His Father's Bonus And Since He Hasn't Gotten It Yet, He's Running For Reelection. The Incident Over His Father's Bonus Has Made Arlen Specter A Fierce Advocate For Veterans' Benefits And The ''little Guy'' In His Battles With The Federal Government. From His Immigrant Parents, Arlen Specter Learned Work Ethics The Hard Way. His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was A Peddler, Took 5-year-old Arlen To Small Kansas Towns Selling Cantaloupes Door To Door With A Small Basket In Hand. In His Dad's Junkyard In Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter Cut Down Oil Derricks With An Acetylene Torch And Loaded Scrap Iron Into Rail Freight Cars Headed For The Smelter. His Credentials Include Votes For The Line-item Veto And A Constitutional Amendment For A Balanced Budget. As A Two-term Philadelphia District Attorney, He Fought For Tough Sentences For Tough Criminals And Later, In The Senate, Wrote Groundbreaking Legislation Providing For Life Sentences For Three-time Recidivists On Violent Crimes. Since 1981, He Has Played A Significant Role In Supreme Court Nomination Hearings, For Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, And Judge Bork. Notwithstanding Debilitating Chemotherapy Treatments In 2005, He Stayed On The Job As Chairman Of The Judiciary Committee To Preside Over Historic Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings. His Work On The Judiciary Committee Has Included Writing Significant Legislation On Dealing With Constitutional Law, Civil Rights, And Privacy. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, He Led The Fight To Increase Funding For The National Institutes Of Health From 2 Billion To 0 Billion To Expand Medical Research To Find Cures For Cancer, Heart Disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, And Other Maladies. He Has Supported Expanding Health Care For Seniors And Children And Has Proposed Legislation To Cover The Almost 50 Million Americans Who Do Not Have Health Insurance. Because Senator Specter Is Keenly Aware Of The Importance Of Understanding The Younger Generation, He Often Visits And Speaks At Universities And High Schools. He Credits His Parents, Both Immigrants, With Emphasizing The Importance Of Education Which Has Enabled His Brother, Two Sisters, And Himself To Share In The American Dream. To Empower Others With Access To Education, He Led The Fight On The Appropriations Subcommittee To Increase Federal Spending By 138 Percent And Raise Funding For Scholarships And Student Loans. Constituent Service And Promoting Pennsylvania's Economic Interests Have Been The Hallmarks Of Senator Specter's Senate Career. He Maintained Offices In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, And The Lehigh Valley To Help Residents Of Those Areas Who Needed Assistance To Cut Washington's Redtape. From His Experience As A Teenager Working On A Farm In Kansas, The State Where He Was Born, Senator Specter Has Understood And Worked On The Problems Of Pennsylvania's Farmers From His Position On The Appropriations Subcommittee On Agriculture. He Frequently Argues In The International Trade Commission To Assist The Steel Industry From Being Deluged With Unfair Foreign Imports. His Proposed Legislation, Endorsed By Both Business And Labor, Would Create A Private Right Of Action In Federal Courts To Stop Subsidized Or Dumped Products From Being Imported Into The United States. He Has Supported The Coal Industry By Promoting Legislation For Clean Coal Technology And Securing 00 Million For A Schuylkill County Project To Turn Sludge Into High Octane, Environmentally Safe Gasoline. Recognizing The Long-term Effects Of Global Warming, He Has Cosponsored The Bingaman-Specter Bill To Reduce Harm From Carbon Emissions. As Chairman Of The Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress And A Member Of The Appropriations Subcommittee On Foreign Operations, Senator Specter Traveled Extensively Meeting With World Leaders Including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, And Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, And Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein And Abdullah; And Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly Agreeing With Moshe Dayan's Famous Statement That We Make Peace With Our Enemies Not Our Friends, He Has Met With Syria's Presidents Hafez Al-Assad And Bashar Al-Assad; The Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; And Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From These Meetings And His Studies Of Foreign Affairs Since His Undergraduate Days At The University Of Pennsylvania, Where He Majored In Political Science And International Relations, Senator Specter Has Been A Forceful Advocate For Aggressive Diplomacy To Solve International Conflicts. He Wrote, With Staffer Chris Bradish, An Article For The Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), Outlining A Blueprint For Diplomatic Initiatives In The Mideast With Emphasis On Bilateral Negotiations With Iran And Syria. Similarly, He Has Urged Bilateral, As Well As Multilateral, Negotiations With North Korea. Early In His Senate Career In 1982, He Was Among The First To Call For A U.S./U.S.S.R. Summit In A Resolution Which Passed The Senate 90 To 8. He Participated Extensively With The Senate Observers At The Geneva Arms Reduction Talks In The 1980s And Led The Fight For The Broad Interpretation Of The ABM Treaty. Senator Specter Consistently Supported Appropriations To Fight Global AIDS And Promoted Worldwide Support For Underdeveloped Countries Including Free Trade Agreements. Arlen Specter Was Elected To The U.S. Senate In 1980 And Served Five Terms. In 2005, Senator Specter Became Pennsylvania's Longest Serving U.S. Senator. He Was A Senior Member Of The Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, And Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter Was A Member Of The Senate Judiciary Committee Since He Came To The Senate. As Such, He Played An Instrumental Role In Many Of The Senate's Most Important Issues, Including The Confirmations Of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. And Justice Samuel Alito To Serve As Associate Justice On The U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter Also Shepherded Through The Judiciary Committee Legislation On Asbestos Litigation Reform To Absolve What The Supreme Court Once Called An ''elephantine Mass'' Clogging Our Judicial System. Senator Specter Has Worked In A Bipartisan Fashion To Reauthorize Key Provisions Of The USA PATRIOT Act, An Important Tool In The U.S. War On Terror. He Has Also Authored Legislation To Help Consumers Better Protect The Privacy Of Their Personal Information In The Face Of Recurrent Data Security Breaches Across The Country. On The Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter Built On His Foundation As A Lawyer And Former District Attorney. He Was The Author Of The Armed Career Criminal Act, Which Has Been Praised For Its Long Prison Terms For Repeat Offenders, And The Terrorist Prosecution Act, Which Authorizes Criminal Actions In U.S. Courts For Assaulting, Maiming, Or Murdering Americans Anywhere In The World. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter Was Chairman Of The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee On Labor, Health And Human Services, And Education. This Subcommittee Oversees Federal Funding For The National Institutes Of Health (NIH), The Centers For Disease Control, Educational Programs Like Head Start, Pell Grants, And GEAR-UP, And Worker Safety Programs. Under His Leadership, Funding For Education Has Increased By More Than 130 Percent. Senator Specter Was Also Instrumental In Doubling The Budget For NIH, Which Has Made Major Advances In Curing Parkinson's, Cancer, Heart Disease, And Delaying The Onset Of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter Is A Strong Proponent Of Stem Cell Research For The Purposes Of Discovering Knowledge That May Lead To Cures For These Same Ailments. Strengthening Our Nation's Security Has Been A Longstanding Priority Of Senator Specter's. Thirty Days After The Terrorist Attacks Of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter Drafted The Legislation That Established The Department Of Homeland Security. While Serving As Chairman Of The Senate Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress, He Authored The Bill Creating The Inspector General Of The Central Intelligence Agency, Marking The Only Reform Legislation To Emerge From The Iran-Contra Affair. Senator Specter Continues His Strong Advocacy For Veterans, A Passion Born From The First Veteran He Ever Knew, His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was Wounded In World War I. As A Former Chairman Of The Veterans Committee, He Pushed For Just Treatment For Veterans And Increased Benefits. Working Closely With The Secretary Of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter Oversaw The Opening Of Four New Veterans Outpatient Clinics In Fayette, Northampton, Venango, And Warren Counties And Passed Legislation To Create A New Veterans Cemetery In Southeastern Pennsylvania. A Frequent Visitor To All Of Pennsylvania's 67 Counties, Senator Specter Places Constituent Service High On His Priorities And Has Been Instrumental On The Appropriations Committee In Promoting Pennsylvania's Interests In Agriculture, High-technology, Steel, Coal, Tourism, Mass Transit, Highways, And Military Installations. In Addition To Tackling The Major Legislative Business Before The Senate, Senator Specter Also Engaged In A Personal Battle With Stage IV-B Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cancer In 2005 And 2008. In Both Cases He Underwent Nearly 5 Months Of Chemotherapy, But Still Maintained All Of His Senatorial Duties, Including Chairing Hearings, Voting, And Brokering Important Legislative Initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter Received His Last Chemotherapy Treatment And Has Since Received A Clean Bill Of Health. Senator Specter Was Born To Immigrant Parents In Wichita, KS, And Grew Up In The Small Town Of Russell, KS. He Is A Phi Beta Kappa Graduate Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Served As An Editor Of The Yale Law Journal. He Began His Career In Public Service As An Assistant Philadelphia District Attorney. While Serving In That Position, He Was Named Assistant Counsel On The Warren Commission Investigation Into President Kennedy's Assassination. Two Years Later, Senator Specter Was Elected District Attorney Of Philadelphia At The Age Of 35. Senator Specter Lives In Philadelphia With His Wife Joan. They Have Two Sons, Shanin And Steve, And Four Grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, And Hatti. Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, This Is Not A Farewell Address But, Rather, A Closing Argument To A Jury Of My Colleagues And The American People Outlining My Views On How The Senate And, With It, The Federal Government Arrived At Its Current Condition Of Partisan Gridlock, And My Suggestions On Where We Go From Here On That Pressing Problem And The Key Issues Of National And International Importance. To Make A Final Floor Statement Is A Challenge. The Washington Post Noted The Poor Attendance At My Colleagues' Farewell Speeches Earlier This Month. That Is Really Not Surprising Since There Is Hardly Anyone Ever On The Senate Floor. The Days Of Lively Debate With Many Members On The Floor Are Long Gone. Abuse Of The Senate Rules Has Pretty Much Stripped Senators Of The Right To Offer Amendments. The Modern Filibuster Requires Only A Threat And No Talking. So The Senate's Activity For More Than A Decade Has Been The Virtual Continuous Drone Of A Quorum Call. But That Is Not The Way It Was When Senator Chris Dodd And I Were Privileged To Enter The World's Greatest Deliberative Body 30 Years Ago. Senators On Both Sides Of The Aisle Engaged In Collegial Debate And Found Ways To Find Common Ground On The Nation's Pressing Problems. When I Attended My First Republican Moderates Luncheon, I Met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, And I Found My Colleague John Heinz There. That Is A Far Cry From Later Years When The Moderates Could Fit Into A Telephone Booth. On The Other Side Of The Aisle, I Found Many Democratic Senators Willing To Move To The Center To Craft Legislation
• Author: Committee on Appropriations
• Language: English

“TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered In Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Xi Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., Of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., Of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, Of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., Of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, Of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, Of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, Of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, Of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, Of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, Of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since First Elected In 1980, Arlen Specter Has Brought Rugged Individualism And Fierce Independence Learned From His Youth On The Kansas Plains To Become A Leading Senate Moderate. His Work As Philadelphia's Tough District Attorney Gave Him Insights To Write The Terrorist Prosecution Act, The Armed Career Criminal Act, And Coauthor The Second Chance Act. His Legal Background And Experience In Constitutional Law Provided The Skills To Serve As Judiciary Chairman During The Confirmation Hearings Of Chief Justice Roberts And Justice Alito. In Earlier Confirmation Hearings He Had The Courage To Cross Party Lines In Opposing Judge Bork And Disagreeing With Conventional Wisdom In Supporting Justice Thomas After Dissecting The Contradictory And Highly Charged Testimony. As A Consummate Legislator, He Has Counseled Compromise And Conciliation In A Congress That Has Established New Records For Partisan Discord. In Foreign Affairs, He Has Advocated Dialogue And Accommodation As An Antidote To Belligerency And Saber Rattling. Arlen Specter's Five Terms Have Made Him The Longest Serving U.S. Senator In Pennsylvania's History. A Voice Of Reason, His Independence And Balance Have Won Endorsements From The AFL-CIO And High Marks From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The National Association Of Manufacturers, And The Americans For Tax Reform. Time Magazine Listed Him Among The Ten Best Senators In 2006. Knowlegis Rated Him The Second Most Powerful Senator In 2006 Behind Only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer Editorial Stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter Has More Clout Than Some Sovereign Nations.'' Senator Specter Attributes His Zeal For Public Service To His Experience As A Child When He Saw The Government Mistreat His Father, Harry Specter, Who Migrated To The United States From Russia In 1911. Private Specter, Serving In World War I In The Infantry, Was Seriously Wounded In Action In France's Argonne Forest. When The Government Broke Its Promise To Pay World War I Veterans A 00 Bonus, The Veterans Marched On Washington. President Hoover Called Out The Army Which Fired On And Killed Veterans On The Mall In One Of The Blackest Days In American History. As A Metaphor, Senator Specter Says He Has Been On His Way To Washington Ever Since To Get His Father's Bonus And Since He Hasn't Gotten It Yet, He's Running For Reelection. The Incident Over His Father's Bonus Has Made Arlen Specter A Fierce Advocate For Veterans' Benefits And The ''little Guy'' In His Battles With The Federal Government. From His Immigrant Parents, Arlen Specter Learned Work Ethics The Hard Way. His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was A Peddler, Took 5-year-old Arlen To Small Kansas Towns Selling Cantaloupes Door To Door With A Small Basket In Hand. In His Dad's Junkyard In Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter Cut Down Oil Derricks With An Acetylene Torch And Loaded Scrap Iron Into Rail Freight Cars Headed For The Smelter. His Credentials Include Votes For The Line-item Veto And A Constitutional Amendment For A Balanced Budget. As A Two-term Philadelphia District Attorney, He Fought For Tough Sentences For Tough Criminals And Later, In The Senate, Wrote Groundbreaking Legislation Providing For Life Sentences For Three-time Recidivists On Violent Crimes. Since 1981, He Has Played A Significant Role In Supreme Court Nomination Hearings, For Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, And Judge Bork. Notwithstanding Debilitating Chemotherapy Treatments In 2005, He Stayed On The Job As Chairman Of The Judiciary Committee To Preside Over Historic Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings. His Work On The Judiciary Committee Has Included Writing Significant Legislation On Dealing With Constitutional Law, Civil Rights, And Privacy. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, He Led The Fight To Increase Funding For The National Institutes Of Health From 2 Billion To 0 Billion To Expand Medical Research To Find Cures For Cancer, Heart Disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, And Other Maladies. He Has Supported Expanding Health Care For Seniors And Children And Has Proposed Legislation To Cover The Almost 50 Million Americans Who Do Not Have Health Insurance. Because Senator Specter Is Keenly Aware Of The Importance Of Understanding The Younger Generation, He Often Visits And Speaks At Universities And High Schools. He Credits His Parents, Both Immigrants, With Emphasizing The Importance Of Education Which Has Enabled His Brother, Two Sisters, And Himself To Share In The American Dream. To Empower Others With Access To Education, He Led The Fight On The Appropriations Subcommittee To Increase Federal Spending By 138 Percent And Raise Funding For Scholarships And Student Loans. Constituent Service And Promoting Pennsylvania's Economic Interests Have Been The Hallmarks Of Senator Specter's Senate Career. He Maintained Offices In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, And The Lehigh Valley To Help Residents Of Those Areas Who Needed Assistance To Cut Washington's Redtape. From His Experience As A Teenager Working On A Farm In Kansas, The State Where He Was Born, Senator Specter Has Understood And Worked On The Problems Of Pennsylvania's Farmers From His Position On The Appropriations Subcommittee On Agriculture. He Frequently Argues In The International Trade Commission To Assist The Steel Industry From Being Deluged With Unfair Foreign Imports. His Proposed Legislation, Endorsed By Both Business And Labor, Would Create A Private Right Of Action In Federal Courts To Stop Subsidized Or Dumped Products From Being Imported Into The United States. He Has Supported The Coal Industry By Promoting Legislation For Clean Coal Technology And Securing 00 Million For A Schuylkill County Project To Turn Sludge Into High Octane, Environmentally Safe Gasoline. Recognizing The Long-term Effects Of Global Warming, He Has Cosponsored The Bingaman-Specter Bill To Reduce Harm From Carbon Emissions. As Chairman Of The Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress And A Member Of The Appropriations Subcommittee On Foreign Operations, Senator Specter Traveled Extensively Meeting With World Leaders Including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, And Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, And Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein And Abdullah; And Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly Agreeing With Moshe Dayan's Famous Statement That We Make Peace With Our Enemies Not Our Friends, He Has Met With Syria's Presidents Hafez Al-Assad And Bashar Al-Assad; The Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; And Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From These Meetings And His Studies Of Foreign Affairs Since His Undergraduate Days At The University Of Pennsylvania, Where He Majored In Political Science And International Relations, Senator Specter Has Been A Forceful Advocate For Aggressive Diplomacy To Solve International Conflicts. He Wrote, With Staffer Chris Bradish, An Article For The Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), Outlining A Blueprint For Diplomatic Initiatives In The Mideast With Emphasis On Bilateral Negotiations With Iran And Syria. Similarly, He Has Urged Bilateral, As Well As Multilateral, Negotiations With North Korea. Early In His Senate Career In 1982, He Was Among The First To Call For A U.S./U.S.S.R. Summit In A Resolution Which Passed The Senate 90 To 8. He Participated Extensively With The Senate Observers At The Geneva Arms Reduction Talks In The 1980s And Led The Fight For The Broad Interpretation Of The ABM Treaty. Senator Specter Consistently Supported Appropriations To Fight Global AIDS And Promoted Worldwide Support For Underdeveloped Countries Including Free Trade Agreements. Arlen Specter Was Elected To The U.S. Senate In 1980 And Served Five Terms. In 2005, Senator Specter Became Pennsylvania's Longest Serving U.S. Senator. He Was A Senior Member Of The Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, And Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter Was A Member Of The Senate Judiciary Committee Since He Came To The Senate. As Such, He Played An Instrumental Role In Many Of The Senate's Most Important Issues, Including The Confirmations Of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. And Justice Samuel Alito To Serve As Associate Justice On The U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter Also Shepherded Through The Judiciary Committee Legislation On Asbestos Litigation Reform To Absolve What The Supreme Court Once Called An ''elephantine Mass'' Clogging Our Judicial System. Senator Specter Has Worked In A Bipartisan Fashion To Reauthorize Key Provisions Of The USA PATRIOT Act, An Important Tool In The U.S. War On Terror. He Has Also Authored Legislation To Help Consumers Better Protect The Privacy Of Their Personal Information In The Face Of Recurrent Data Security Breaches Across The Country. On The Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter Built On His Foundation As A Lawyer And Former District Attorney. He Was The Author Of The Armed Career Criminal Act, Which Has Been Praised For Its Long Prison Terms For Repeat Offenders, And The Terrorist Prosecution Act, Which Authorizes Criminal Actions In U.S. Courts For Assaulting, Maiming, Or Murdering Americans Anywhere In The World. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter Was Chairman Of The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee On Labor, Health And Human Services, And Education. This Subcommittee Oversees Federal Funding For The National Institutes Of Health (NIH), The Centers For Disease Control, Educational Programs Like Head Start, Pell Grants, And GEAR-UP, And Worker Safety Programs. Under His Leadership, Funding For Education Has Increased By More Than 130 Percent. Senator Specter Was Also Instrumental In Doubling The Budget For NIH, Which Has Made Major Advances In Curing Parkinson's, Cancer, Heart Disease, And Delaying The Onset Of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter Is A Strong Proponent Of Stem Cell Research For The Purposes Of Discovering Knowledge That May Lead To Cures For These Same Ailments. Strengthening Our Nation's Security Has Been A Longstanding Priority Of Senator Specter's. Thirty Days After The Terrorist Attacks Of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter Drafted The Legislation That Established The Department Of Homeland Security. While Serving As Chairman Of The Senate Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress, He Authored The Bill Creating The Inspector General Of The Central Intelligence Agency, Marking The Only Reform Legislation To Emerge From The Iran-Contra Affair. Senator Specter Continues His Strong Advocacy For Veterans, A Passion Born From The First Veteran He Ever Knew, His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was Wounded In World War I. As A Former Chairman Of The Veterans Committee, He Pushed For Just Treatment For Veterans And Increased Benefits. Working Closely With The Secretary Of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter Oversaw The Opening Of Four New Veterans Outpatient Clinics In Fayette, Northampton, Venango, And Warren Counties And Passed Legislation To Create A New Veterans Cemetery In Southeastern Pennsylvania. A Frequent Visitor To All Of Pennsylvania's 67 Counties, Senator Specter Places Constituent Service High On His Priorities And Has Been Instrumental On The Appropriations Committee In Promoting Pennsylvania's Interests In Agriculture, High-technology, Steel, Coal, Tourism, Mass Transit, Highways, And Military Installations. In Addition To Tackling The Major Legislative Business Before The Senate, Senator Specter Also Engaged In A Personal Battle With Stage IV-B Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cancer In 2005 And 2008. In Both Cases He Underwent Nearly 5 Months Of Chemotherapy, But Still Maintained All Of His Senatorial Duties, Including Chairing Hearings, Voting, And Brokering Important Legislative Initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter Received His Last Chemotherapy Treatment And Has Since Received A Clean Bill Of Health. Senator Specter Was Born To Immigrant Parents In Wichita, KS, And Grew Up In The Small Town Of Russell, KS. He Is A Phi Beta Kappa Graduate Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Served As An Editor Of The Yale Law Journal. He Began His Career In Public Service As An Assistant Philadelphia District Attorney. While Serving In That Position, He Was Named Assistant Counsel On The Warren Commission Investigation Into President Kennedy's Assassination. Two Years Later, Senator Specter Was Elected District Attorney Of Philadelphia At The Age Of 35. Senator Specter Lives In Philadelphia With His Wife Joan. They Have Two Sons, Shanin And Steve, And Four Grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, And Hatti. Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, This Is Not A Farewell Address But, Rather, A Closing Argument To A Jury Of My Colleagues And The American People Outlining My Views On How The Senate And, With It, The Federal Government Arrived At Its Current Condition Of Partisan Gridlock, And My Suggestions On Where We Go From Here On That Pressing Problem And The Key Issues Of National And International Importance. To Make A Final Floor Statement Is A Challenge. The Washington Post Noted The Poor Attendance At My Colleagues' Farewell Speeches Earlier This Month. That Is Really Not Surprising Since There Is Hardly Anyone Ever On The Senate Floor. The Days Of Lively Debate With Many Members On The Floor Are Long Gone. Abuse Of The Senate Rules Has Pretty Much Stripped Senators Of The Right To Offer Amendments. The Modern Filibuster Requires Only A Threat And No Talking. So The Senate's Activity For More Than A Decade Has Been The Virtual Continuous Drone Of A Quorum Call. But That Is Not The Way It Was When Senator Chris Dodd And I Were Privileged To Enter The World's Greatest Deliberative Body 30 Years Ago. Senators On Both Sides Of The Aisle Engaged In Collegial Debate And Found Ways To Find Common Ground On The Nation's Pressing Problems. When I Attended My First Republican Moderates Luncheon, I Met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, And I Found My Colleague John Heinz There. That Is A Far Cry From Later Years When The Moderates Could Fit Into A Telephone Booth. On The Other Side Of The Aisle, I Found Many Democratic Senators Willing To Move To The Center To Craft Legislation” Subjects and Themes:

• Subjects: 111th - Senate

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: ➤  gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-111shrg64816

“Insurance Science And Economics : A Practical Discussion Of Present-day Problems Of Administration, Methods And Results, For Insurance Officials, Managers, Agents, Merchants, Lawyers, Teachers, Students, And Others Interested In The Broader Aspects Of Insurance As A Business In Its Relation To Public Welfare And The State” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  Insurance Science And Economics : A Practical Discussion Of Present-day Problems Of Administration, Methods And Results, For Insurance Officials, Managers, Agents, Merchants, Lawyers, Teachers, Students, And Others Interested In The Broader Aspects Of Insurance As A Business In Its Relation To Public Welfare And The State
• Author: Hoffman, Frederick L
• Language: English

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: insurancescienc01hoffgoog

“The Public And Its Problems” Metadata:

• Title: The Public And Its Problems
• Author: John Dewey
• Language: Eng

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: bwb_W8-CCY-802

“A Roman Alphabet And How To Use It; A Conventional Roman Alphabet With Full Directions For Its Use In The Lettering Problems Required In Public, Normal, Art, And Technical Schools, And For The Lettering Problems Which Arise In The Practice Of Architects, Commercial Illustrators, Show-card Writers And Sign Painters” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  A Roman Alphabet And How To Use It; A Conventional Roman Alphabet With Full Directions For Its Use In The Lettering Problems Required In Public, Normal, Art, And Technical Schools, And For The Lettering Problems Which Arise In The Practice Of Architects, Commercial Illustrators, Show-card Writers And Sign Painters
• Author: ➤  Frederick, Frank Forrest, 1866-1942
• Language: English

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: romanalphabethow00fred

“Insurance Science And Economics : A Practical Discussion Of Present-day Problems Of Administration, Methods And Results, For Insurance Officials, Managers, Agents, Merchants, Lawyers, Teachers, Students, And Others Interested In The Broader Aspects Of Insurance As A Business In Its Relation To Public Welfare And The State” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  Insurance Science And Economics : A Practical Discussion Of Present-day Problems Of Administration, Methods And Results, For Insurance Officials, Managers, Agents, Merchants, Lawyers, Teachers, Students, And Others Interested In The Broader Aspects Of Insurance As A Business In Its Relation To Public Welfare And The State
• Author: Hoffman, Frederick L
• Language: English

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: insurancescience00hoffrich

“The Public And Its Problems” Metadata:

• Title: The Public And Its Problems
• Author: John Dewey
• Language: English

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: bwb_T3-BWZ-017

“The Public And Its Problems” Metadata:

• Title: The Public And Its Problems
• Author: John Dewey
• Language: English

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: in.ernet.dli.2015.190550

“The Public And Its Problems” Metadata:

• Title: The Public And Its Problems
• Author: John Dewey
• Language: English

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: publicitsproblem0000john_l7d2

“ERIC ED598642: Fiscal Crisis At UMass Boston: The True Story And The Scapegoating. How A UMass Central Office Error Triggered Financial Woes At The Boston Campus, And How The UMass President And Trustees Pinned The Blame On Boston Administrators. White Paper No. 196 UMass Boston Has Been A Campus In Turmoil For The Past 20 Months. Internal Upheaval First Became Public In January 2017 When The UMass Board Of Trustees (BoT) Refused To Extend Chancellor Keith Motley's Contract. In March 2017 The Trustees Disclosed That The Campus Was Facing A Budget Deficit Of Up To $30 Million With Just Three Months Remaining In Fiscal Year 2017. In April Of 2017, Chancellor Motley Resigned, Prompting Students, Alumni, And Community Leaders To Rally On The State House Steps Demanding That Officials Reject His Resignation. UMass Boston Has Struggled To Right Its Financial And Administrative Ship Amidst The Continuing Frustration Of Students And Faculty. In May 2016, Seven Months Before The Financial Crisis At UMass-Boston Became Public, Pioneer Institute Published A Three-part Analysis Entitled "UMass At A Crossroads." The Report Identified Many Of The Systemic Financial Problems That Ultimately Led To The UMass-Boston Budget Crisis, Including Unsustainable Cost Growth Resulting From Student Enrollment Expansion, Facility Expansion, Rapid Growth In Self-funded Research And Development, A Rising UMass Central Office Budget, And Unfunded Deferred Maintenance At Campus Facilities. Pioneer's Report Cited Data From Internal UMass Documents And Financial Disclosures To Wall Street Bond Rating Agencies And Federal Student Lending Agencies. Following A Detailed Review Of Records Obtained From The UMass Comptroller's Office And Other Publicly Available Sources, Pioneer Institute Concludes That The UMass President And Board Of Trustees (BoT) Unfairly Scapegoated Former Chancellor Keith Motley And UMass Boston Administrators For Creating UMass Boston's $30 Million Fiscal Crisis In 2017-2018 When The President And BoT Themselves Bore Primary Responsibility For Creating The Crisis As A Result Of Their Having Approved A Massive, Accelerated Capital Expansion Plan Without Assuring That Capital Reserves Would Be Available To Pay For It. This White Paper Provides An Introduction, Detailed Summary Of Findings From That Review, And Recommendations For The Future. [For "UMass At A Crossroads Part 1: Is The UMass Enrollment Expansion Plan Sustainable? White Paper No. 145," See ED598651. For "UMass At A Crossroads Part 2: Is UMass' Expansion Fiscally Sustainable? White Paper No. 146," See ED598659. For "UMass At A Crossroads Part 3: UMass' Growing Dependency On Tuition And Fees And Strategic Recruitment Of Out-Of-State Students. White Paper No. 147," See ED598661.]” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  ERIC ED598642: Fiscal Crisis At UMass Boston: The True Story And The Scapegoating. How A UMass Central Office Error Triggered Financial Woes At The Boston Campus, And How The UMass President And Trustees Pinned The Blame On Boston Administrators. White Paper No. 196 UMass Boston Has Been A Campus In Turmoil For The Past 20 Months. Internal Upheaval First Became Public In January 2017 When The UMass Board Of Trustees (BoT) Refused To Extend Chancellor Keith Motley's Contract. In March 2017 The Trustees Disclosed That The Campus Was Facing A Budget Deficit Of Up To $30 Million With Just Three Months Remaining In Fiscal Year 2017. In April Of 2017, Chancellor Motley Resigned, Prompting Students, Alumni, And Community Leaders To Rally On The State House Steps Demanding That Officials Reject His Resignation. UMass Boston Has Struggled To Right Its Financial And Administrative Ship Amidst The Continuing Frustration Of Students And Faculty. In May 2016, Seven Months Before The Financial Crisis At UMass-Boston Became Public, Pioneer Institute Published A Three-part Analysis Entitled "UMass At A Crossroads." The Report Identified Many Of The Systemic Financial Problems That Ultimately Led To The UMass-Boston Budget Crisis, Including Unsustainable Cost Growth Resulting From Student Enrollment Expansion, Facility Expansion, Rapid Growth In Self-funded Research And Development, A Rising UMass Central Office Budget, And Unfunded Deferred Maintenance At Campus Facilities. Pioneer's Report Cited Data From Internal UMass Documents And Financial Disclosures To Wall Street Bond Rating Agencies And Federal Student Lending Agencies. Following A Detailed Review Of Records Obtained From The UMass Comptroller's Office And Other Publicly Available Sources, Pioneer Institute Concludes That The UMass President And Board Of Trustees (BoT) Unfairly Scapegoated Former Chancellor Keith Motley And UMass Boston Administrators For Creating UMass Boston's $30 Million Fiscal Crisis In 2017-2018 When The President And BoT Themselves Bore Primary Responsibility For Creating The Crisis As A Result Of Their Having Approved A Massive, Accelerated Capital Expansion Plan Without Assuring That Capital Reserves Would Be Available To Pay For It. This White Paper Provides An Introduction, Detailed Summary Of Findings From That Review, And Recommendations For The Future. [For "UMass At A Crossroads Part 1: Is The UMass Enrollment Expansion Plan Sustainable? White Paper No. 145," See ED598651. For "UMass At A Crossroads Part 2: Is UMass' Expansion Fiscally Sustainable? White Paper No. 146," See ED598659. For "UMass At A Crossroads Part 3: UMass' Growing Dependency On Tuition And Fees And Strategic Recruitment Of Out-Of-State Students. White Paper No. 147," See ED598661.]
• Author: ERIC
• Language: English

“ERIC ED598642: Fiscal Crisis At UMass Boston: The True Story And The Scapegoating. How A UMass Central Office Error Triggered Financial Woes At The Boston Campus, And How The UMass President And Trustees Pinned The Blame On Boston Administrators. White Paper No. 196 UMass Boston Has Been A Campus In Turmoil For The Past 20 Months. Internal Upheaval First Became Public In January 2017 When The UMass Board Of Trustees (BoT) Refused To Extend Chancellor Keith Motley's Contract. In March 2017 The Trustees Disclosed That The Campus Was Facing A Budget Deficit Of Up To $30 Million With Just Three Months Remaining In Fiscal Year 2017. In April Of 2017, Chancellor Motley Resigned, Prompting Students, Alumni, And Community Leaders To Rally On The State House Steps Demanding That Officials Reject His Resignation. UMass Boston Has Struggled To Right Its Financial And Administrative Ship Amidst The Continuing Frustration Of Students And Faculty. In May 2016, Seven Months Before The Financial Crisis At UMass-Boston Became Public, Pioneer Institute Published A Three-part Analysis Entitled "UMass At A Crossroads." The Report Identified Many Of The Systemic Financial Problems That Ultimately Led To The UMass-Boston Budget Crisis, Including Unsustainable Cost Growth Resulting From Student Enrollment Expansion, Facility Expansion, Rapid Growth In Self-funded Research And Development, A Rising UMass Central Office Budget, And Unfunded Deferred Maintenance At Campus Facilities. Pioneer's Report Cited Data From Internal UMass Documents And Financial Disclosures To Wall Street Bond Rating Agencies And Federal Student Lending Agencies. Following A Detailed Review Of Records Obtained From The UMass Comptroller's Office And Other Publicly Available Sources, Pioneer Institute Concludes That The UMass President And Board Of Trustees (BoT) Unfairly Scapegoated Former Chancellor Keith Motley And UMass Boston Administrators For Creating UMass Boston's $30 Million Fiscal Crisis In 2017-2018 When The President And BoT Themselves Bore Primary Responsibility For Creating The Crisis As A Result Of Their Having Approved A Massive, Accelerated Capital Expansion Plan Without Assuring That Capital Reserves Would Be Available To Pay For It. This White Paper Provides An Introduction, Detailed Summary Of Findings From That Review, And Recommendations For The Future. [For "UMass At A Crossroads Part 1: Is The UMass Enrollment Expansion Plan Sustainable? White Paper No. 145," See ED598651. For "UMass At A Crossroads Part 2: Is UMass' Expansion Fiscally Sustainable? White Paper No. 146," See ED598659. For "UMass At A Crossroads Part 3: UMass' Growing Dependency On Tuition And Fees And Strategic Recruitment Of Out-Of-State Students. White Paper No. 147," See ED598661.]” Subjects and Themes:

• Subjects: ➤  ERIC Archive - ERIC - Sullivan, Gregory W. Paxton, Rebekah - State Universities - Financial Exigency - Urban Universities - Educational Finance - College Administration - Budgeting - Financial Problems

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: ERIC_ED598642

“The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.

“The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.” Subjects and Themes:

• Subjects: ➤  Debug - Build - Run - Compile - Chromium - Google - Chrome - Microsoft - Windows

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: debugging-chromium-on-windows

“The Public And Its Problems” Metadata:

• Title: The Public And Its Problems
• Author: Dewey, John, 1859-1952
• Language: English

“The Public And Its Problems” Subjects and Themes:

• Subjects: Political science - Democracy - State, The

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: publicitsproblem0000dewe

“The Public And Its Problems” Metadata:

• Title: The Public And Its Problems
• Author: Dewey, John, 1859-1952
• Language: English

“The Public And Its Problems” Subjects and Themes:

• Subjects: Political science - Democracy - State, The

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: publicitsproblem00dewe

“The Public And Its Problems” Metadata:

• Title: The Public And Its Problems
• Author: Dewey, John, 1859-1952
• Language: English

“The Public And Its Problems” Subjects and Themes:

• Subjects: Democracy - Political science - State, The - Staat (politicologie) - Democratie

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: publicitsproblem00deweee

“ERIC ED619927: Nation Building Through Skill Development "Skill Is Laying The Foundation For A Brighter India. As John Ruskin Puts It, "Skill Is The Unified Force Of Experience, Intellect, And Passion In Their Operation." "Nation Building" Is A Herculean Task That Involves The Government Of The Land, Private And Public Institutions, Industries, Organisations, And Every Citizen There, Holding Accountability Of Its Development Inch By Inch. India Faces Enormous Problems In Practically Every Aspect Of National Life As A Young Democratic Nation With A Multilingual, Multicultural, And Multiethnic Population. Poverty, Illiteracy, Unequal And Underdeveloped Growth Of Diverse Segments Of The Country, And Insufficient Infrastructure In Educational And Training Institutions Are All Impeding The Country's Development. The Insufficiently Skilled Workforce Is Unable To Assume Greater Responsibilities In The Development Of A Better Nation. In India, There Is Now A Scarcity Of Highly Trained And Skilled Educators. Both In India And Overseas, There Is A Considerable Need For All Levels Of Skilled Labour, Including Semiskilled, Skilled, Highly Skilled, And Highly Skilled With Specialisation. An Estimated 65 Percent Of Workers In India Are Aged 15 To 59, With An Average Age Of 29 Compared To China And Other OECD Countries. Approximately 335 Million People Are Currently Employed In The United States Today. They Are Largely Uneducated And Have Little Or No Experience. Approximately 59 Million Of The 70 Million Predicted To Enter The Market Will Be In The 15 To 30 Age Category. For The Development Of Our Country, Reskilling, Up-skilling, And Conceiving And Generating Ways And Means For National And International Labour Mobility, As Well As Mitigating The Low Contribution Of Women Labour Force, Are All Critical. Our Youth Will Be More Competent If We Place A Higher Value On Skill Development. To Address All Of The Concerns Of Globalisation, Knowledge Explosion And Distribution, And Skill Development Competition, The Indian Government Has Launched A Number Of Initiatives, Including Skill India, Digital India, Startup India, And Make In India. Many Groups Are Attempting To Improve People's Skills. (a) Directorate General Of Training (DGT), (b) National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), (c) Indian Institute Of Entrepreneurship (IIE), (d) National Skill Development Agency (NSDA), (e) National Skill Development Fund (NSDF), (f) National Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Small Business Development, G) Skill Sector Councils, (h) ICT Academy, And Respective State Skill Development Corporations. To Impart And Upgrade Abilities, Numerous Organisations And Universities Offer A Variety Of Certificate, Diploma, And Postgraduate Diploma Courses. TNOU Also Provides A Variety Of Skill-based Courses. The Aspiration And Ambition Of The Indian Government Is To Make India The World's "Skill Capital." We/the Editors Consider It A Privilege To Have Compiled This Book Titled "Nation Building Through Skill Development," Which Contains Contributions On A Wide Range Of Subtopics On Various Elements Of Skill Development Explored By A Diverse Group Of Authors From Around The World. Choosing The Chapters Was, Indeed, A Difficult Task. Original Papers With Less Than 10% Plagiarism Were Chosen For Publication. For The Publication Of This Book, Forty-one Essays Were Chosen. We/the Editors Would Want To Express Our Gratitude To Everyone Who Submitted A Chapter. The Contributions That Were Not Included In This Publication Are In No Way Considered Rejects. We/the Editors Express Our Gratitude To Prof. Dr. K. Parthasarathy, Vice Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Open University, For Entrusting Us With This Task. We/the Editors Would Also Want To Express Our Gratitude To All Those Kind Individuals Who Have Worked Tirelessly To Bring This Book In Black And White. [This Book Was Published By Tamil Nadu Open University.]” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  ERIC ED619927: Nation Building Through Skill Development "Skill Is Laying The Foundation For A Brighter India. As John Ruskin Puts It, "Skill Is The Unified Force Of Experience, Intellect, And Passion In Their Operation." "Nation Building" Is A Herculean Task That Involves The Government Of The Land, Private And Public Institutions, Industries, Organisations, And Every Citizen There, Holding Accountability Of Its Development Inch By Inch. India Faces Enormous Problems In Practically Every Aspect Of National Life As A Young Democratic Nation With A Multilingual, Multicultural, And Multiethnic Population. Poverty, Illiteracy, Unequal And Underdeveloped Growth Of Diverse Segments Of The Country, And Insufficient Infrastructure In Educational And Training Institutions Are All Impeding The Country's Development. The Insufficiently Skilled Workforce Is Unable To Assume Greater Responsibilities In The Development Of A Better Nation. In India, There Is Now A Scarcity Of Highly Trained And Skilled Educators. Both In India And Overseas, There Is A Considerable Need For All Levels Of Skilled Labour, Including Semiskilled, Skilled, Highly Skilled, And Highly Skilled With Specialisation. An Estimated 65 Percent Of Workers In India Are Aged 15 To 59, With An Average Age Of 29 Compared To China And Other OECD Countries. Approximately 335 Million People Are Currently Employed In The United States Today. They Are Largely Uneducated And Have Little Or No Experience. Approximately 59 Million Of The 70 Million Predicted To Enter The Market Will Be In The 15 To 30 Age Category. For The Development Of Our Country, Reskilling, Up-skilling, And Conceiving And Generating Ways And Means For National And International Labour Mobility, As Well As Mitigating The Low Contribution Of Women Labour Force, Are All Critical. Our Youth Will Be More Competent If We Place A Higher Value On Skill Development. To Address All Of The Concerns Of Globalisation, Knowledge Explosion And Distribution, And Skill Development Competition, The Indian Government Has Launched A Number Of Initiatives, Including Skill India, Digital India, Startup India, And Make In India. Many Groups Are Attempting To Improve People's Skills. (a) Directorate General Of Training (DGT), (b) National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), (c) Indian Institute Of Entrepreneurship (IIE), (d) National Skill Development Agency (NSDA), (e) National Skill Development Fund (NSDF), (f) National Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Small Business Development, G) Skill Sector Councils, (h) ICT Academy, And Respective State Skill Development Corporations. To Impart And Upgrade Abilities, Numerous Organisations And Universities Offer A Variety Of Certificate, Diploma, And Postgraduate Diploma Courses. TNOU Also Provides A Variety Of Skill-based Courses. The Aspiration And Ambition Of The Indian Government Is To Make India The World's "Skill Capital." We/the Editors Consider It A Privilege To Have Compiled This Book Titled "Nation Building Through Skill Development," Which Contains Contributions On A Wide Range Of Subtopics On Various Elements Of Skill Development Explored By A Diverse Group Of Authors From Around The World. Choosing The Chapters Was, Indeed, A Difficult Task. Original Papers With Less Than 10% Plagiarism Were Chosen For Publication. For The Publication Of This Book, Forty-one Essays Were Chosen. We/the Editors Would Want To Express Our Gratitude To Everyone Who Submitted A Chapter. The Contributions That Were Not Included In This Publication Are In No Way Considered Rejects. We/the Editors Express Our Gratitude To Prof. Dr. K. Parthasarathy, Vice Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Open University, For Entrusting Us With This Task. We/the Editors Would Also Want To Express Our Gratitude To All Those Kind Individuals Who Have Worked Tirelessly To Bring This Book In Black And White. [This Book Was Published By Tamil Nadu Open University.]
• Author: ERIC
• Language: English

“ERIC ED619927: Nation Building Through Skill Development "Skill Is Laying The Foundation For A Brighter India. As John Ruskin Puts It, "Skill Is The Unified Force Of Experience, Intellect, And Passion In Their Operation." "Nation Building" Is A Herculean Task That Involves The Government Of The Land, Private And Public Institutions, Industries, Organisations, And Every Citizen There, Holding Accountability Of Its Development Inch By Inch. India Faces Enormous Problems In Practically Every Aspect Of National Life As A Young Democratic Nation With A Multilingual, Multicultural, And Multiethnic Population. Poverty, Illiteracy, Unequal And Underdeveloped Growth Of Diverse Segments Of The Country, And Insufficient Infrastructure In Educational And Training Institutions Are All Impeding The Country's Development. The Insufficiently Skilled Workforce Is Unable To Assume Greater Responsibilities In The Development Of A Better Nation. In India, There Is Now A Scarcity Of Highly Trained And Skilled Educators. Both In India And Overseas, There Is A Considerable Need For All Levels Of Skilled Labour, Including Semiskilled, Skilled, Highly Skilled, And Highly Skilled With Specialisation. An Estimated 65 Percent Of Workers In India Are Aged 15 To 59, With An Average Age Of 29 Compared To China And Other OECD Countries. Approximately 335 Million People Are Currently Employed In The United States Today. They Are Largely Uneducated And Have Little Or No Experience. Approximately 59 Million Of The 70 Million Predicted To Enter The Market Will Be In The 15 To 30 Age Category. For The Development Of Our Country, Reskilling, Up-skilling, And Conceiving And Generating Ways And Means For National And International Labour Mobility, As Well As Mitigating The Low Contribution Of Women Labour Force, Are All Critical. Our Youth Will Be More Competent If We Place A Higher Value On Skill Development. To Address All Of The Concerns Of Globalisation, Knowledge Explosion And Distribution, And Skill Development Competition, The Indian Government Has Launched A Number Of Initiatives, Including Skill India, Digital India, Startup India, And Make In India. Many Groups Are Attempting To Improve People's Skills. (a) Directorate General Of Training (DGT), (b) National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), (c) Indian Institute Of Entrepreneurship (IIE), (d) National Skill Development Agency (NSDA), (e) National Skill Development Fund (NSDF), (f) National Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Small Business Development, G) Skill Sector Councils, (h) ICT Academy, And Respective State Skill Development Corporations. To Impart And Upgrade Abilities, Numerous Organisations And Universities Offer A Variety Of Certificate, Diploma, And Postgraduate Diploma Courses. TNOU Also Provides A Variety Of Skill-based Courses. The Aspiration And Ambition Of The Indian Government Is To Make India The World's "Skill Capital." We/the Editors Consider It A Privilege To Have Compiled This Book Titled "Nation Building Through Skill Development," Which Contains Contributions On A Wide Range Of Subtopics On Various Elements Of Skill Development Explored By A Diverse Group Of Authors From Around The World. Choosing The Chapters Was, Indeed, A Difficult Task. Original Papers With Less Than 10% Plagiarism Were Chosen For Publication. For The Publication Of This Book, Forty-one Essays Were Chosen. We/the Editors Would Want To Express Our Gratitude To Everyone Who Submitted A Chapter. The Contributions That Were Not Included In This Publication Are In No Way Considered Rejects. We/the Editors Express Our Gratitude To Prof. Dr. K. Parthasarathy, Vice Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Open University, For Entrusting Us With This Task. We/the Editors Would Also Want To Express Our Gratitude To All Those Kind Individuals Who Have Worked Tirelessly To Bring This Book In Black And White. [This Book Was Published By Tamil Nadu Open University.]” Subjects and Themes:

• Subjects: ➤  ERIC Archive - ERIC - Lawrence, A. S. Arul, Ed. Thiyagarajan, P., Ed. - Foreign Countries - Nationalism - Economic Development - Skill Development - Higher Education - Energy Conservation - Internship Programs - Teacher Education - Safety - Employees - Information Technology - Artificial Intelligence - Computer Security - Employment Potential - Job Skills - Technological Literacy - Unemployment - Interpersonal Competence - Learning Disabilities - Education Work Relationship - Citizenship Education - Empowerment - Females - Vocational Education - Daily Living Skills - Rural Education - Student Evaluation - Independent Study - Work Experience - Technology Uses in Education - Quality of Life - Older Adults - Entrepreneurship

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: ERIC_ED619927

“ERIC EJ1158599: Stress At Work And Its Subsequent Problems Among Teachers Of The Public Schools Which Operate The School-Based Violence Reduction Program (VRP) In Tulkarm Governorate” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  ERIC EJ1158599: Stress At Work And Its Subsequent Problems Among Teachers Of The Public Schools Which Operate The School-Based Violence Reduction Program (VRP) In Tulkarm Governorate
• Author: ERIC
• Language: English

“ERIC EJ1158599: Stress At Work And Its Subsequent Problems Among Teachers Of The Public Schools Which Operate The School-Based Violence Reduction Program (VRP) In Tulkarm Governorate” Subjects and Themes:

• Subjects: ➤  ERIC Archive - Public School Teachers - Stress Variables - Teaching Load - Job Satisfaction - Gender Differences - Specialization - Teacher Qualifications - Work Experience - Violence - Prevention - Safety Education - Questionnaires - Teacher Attitudes - Teacher Surveys - Elementary Secondary Education - Foreign Countries - Oteer, Rabee

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: ERIC_EJ1158599

“VZ44-LUZY: The Public And Its Problems : Dewey, John, 1859-1…” Metadata:

• Title: ➤  VZ44-LUZY: The Public And Its Problems : Dewey, John, 1859-1…

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: perma_cc_VZ44-LUZY

“The Public And Its Problems” Metadata:

• Title: The Public And Its Problems
• Author: John Dewey
• Language: English

Edition Identifiers:

• Internet Archive ID: publicitsproblem0000john