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The overall objective of this project is to develop an assay to detect small numbers of breast cancer cells in a patient's peripheral blood. This assay would be used to test the hypothesis that the presence of circulating breast cancer cells would be predictive of stage at presentation or relapse. The first stage of this project has been to optimize a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to quantify breast cancer-specific RNA molecules in the peripheral blood. The result of this initial work was to select keratin 19 (K19) RNA as the best target for detecting small numbers of breast cancer cells. We have also selected an internal reference RNA (beta2-microglobulin), and we have optimized our protocol for extracting RNA from patient blood samples. The second phase of this project has been to develop methods to enrich blood samples for tumor cells, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the assay. Having optimized these parameters, we plan to use the qRT-PCR assay for K19 RNA to study patients with breast cancer, both at the time of presentation and after treatment.

"On the Hyperplasia of Nerve Centers Resulting from Excessive Peripheral Loading" is an article from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 6 . View more articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-84146

A 180 degree curved lightbar is used at the Naval Air Development Center for the dynamic tracking of a subject's peripheral vision during experiments in acceleration physiology. A training regimen was designed to instruct new subjects, and to refine the tracking performance of experienced subjects. The NAVAIRDEVCEN lightbar controls system was modified to allow the input of computer simulated peripheral light loss. A training officer, instructing subjects on the mechanics of the tracking task, used a joystick to move an imaginary peripheral threshold on the lightbar. A measure of the subject's tracking error was relayed to the trainer, and the subject was coached to accurately track the threshold. Eight male subjects took part in a two week lightbar training experiment immediately before a scheduled centrifuge project began. At the conclusion of the training period, all of the subjects could track the threshold with a high degree of precision and accuracy within the limits established prior to the start of the experiment. The subjects who had previously ridden the centrifuge showed a greater consistency in their tracking performance in the project subsequent to the training. The proper training of acceleration research subjects for the tracking of peripheral vision would give experimenters a greater confidence in the measurement of this parameter. Keywords: Acceleration tolerance; Target tracking.

Includes bibliographies and index

Note this registration has been withdrawn: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are significant obstetric complications with both immediate and long-term implications for maternal health. Increasing evidence suggests that APOs may serve as early markers of future cardiovascular risk, including peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD, a chronic vascular disorder characterized by atherosclerosis-driven arterial narrowing and impaired perfusion, is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. The association between APOs and PAD is thought to be mediated by shared pathophysiological mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and impaired vascular repair. Further elucidation of this relationship is essential for improving risk stratification and implementing targeted early interventions to mitigate the long-term vascular burden in affected women.

This article is from Neural Regeneration Research , volume 9 . Abstract Current research on bone marrow stem cell transplantation and autologous or xenogenic nerve transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration has mainly focused on the repair of peripheral nerve defects in rodents. In this study, we established a standardized experimental model of radial nerve defects in primates and evaluated the effect of repair on peripheral nerve injury. We repaired 2.5-cm lesions in the radial nerve of rhesus monkeys by transplantation of autografts, acellular allografts, or acellular allografts seeded with autologous bone marrow stem cells. Five months after surgery, regenerated nerve tissue was assessed for function, electrophysiology, and histomorphometry. Postoperative functional recovery was evaluated by the wrist-extension test. Compared with the simple autografts, the acellular allografts and allografts seeded with bone marrow stem cells facilitated remarkable recovery of the wrist-extension functions in the rhesus monkeys. This functional improvement was coupled with radial nerve distal axon growth, a higher percentage of neuron survival, increased nerve fiber density and diameter, increased myelin sheath thickness, and increased nerve conduction velocities and peak amplitudes of compound motor action potentials. Furthermore, the quality of nerve regeneration in the bone marrow stem cells-laden allografts group was comparable to that achieved with autografts. The wrist-extension test is a simple behavioral method for objective quantification of peripheral nerve regeneration.

We develop a new method for taking into account the interference contributions to proton-proton inelastic cross-section within the framework of the simplest multi-peripheral model based on the self-interacting scalar \phi^3 field theory, using Laplace's method for calculation of each interference contribution. We do not know any works that adopted the interference contributions for inelastic processes. This is due to the generally adopted assumption that the main contribution to the integrals expressing the cross section makes multi-Regge domains with its characteristic strong ordering of secondary particles by rapidity. However, in this work, we find what kind of space domains makes a major contribution to the integral and these space domains are not multi-Regge. We demonstrated that because these interference contributions are significant, so they cannot be limited by a small part of them. With the help of the approximate replacement the sum of a huge number of these contributions by the integral were calculated partial cross sections for such numbers of secondary particles for which direct calculation would be impossible. The offered model qualitative agrees with experimental dependence of total scattering cross-section on energy {\sqrt s} with a characteristic minimum in the range {\sqrt s \approx 10} GeV. However, quantitative agreement was not achieved; we assume that due to the fact that we have examined the simplest diagrams of \phi^3 theory.

This article is from Indian Journal of Orthopaedics , volume 48 . Abstract Vascular complications in closed clavicular fractures are uncommon, with an incidence of only 0.4%. Subclavian artery injury can present acutely or can have a delayed presentation with arm ischemia. We report the case of an undetected subclavian pseudoaneurysm in a patient with a nonunion fracture clavicle who was referred with persistent ischemia following attempted brachial embolectomy at another center, along with a review of literature to support the hypothesis that in addition to repair of the aneurysm, treatment of the psuedarthrosis by fixation of the clavicle is essential.

On the Local Paralysis of Peripheral Ganglia, and on the Connexion of Different Classes of Nerve Fibres with Them. Langley, J.; Dickinson, W Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (1854-1905). 1889-01-01. 46:423–431

The goal of our study is to investigate the impact of movement on object size perception. It has been shown that making a saccade towards a visual target improves the perception of its physical properties such as orientation, contrast, or spatial resolution (Carrasco, 2011). In addition, recent results from our team indicate that the size of a peripheral stimulus is less underestimated when participants are asked to generate a saccade (“saccade” condition) in comparison to a “fixation” condition in which participants are fixating a point at the center of the screen (Laaboudi, Hillairet de Boisferon & Paeye, 2022). These results are surprising as it is known that the size of peripheral objects tends to be underestimated due to the structural properties of our visual system (Baldwin et al., 2016). Our data suggest that producing a saccade might compensate for this size-eccentricity effect. The goal of the present study is to further examine this hypothesis by adding two new experimental conditions to our 2022’s study. The first one, the “keypress” condition, will address the question of the effector involved in this phenomenon. We will ask participants to generate a manual response instead of a saccade. The second condition, the “antisaccade” condition, will evaluate the involvement of visual attention mechanisms, postulated by Jurkiewicz et al. (2021) and Kirsch et al. (2020). Participants will be asked to execute a saccade to the opposite direction of an object they will be asked to judge, as soon as it appears on the screen. This paradigm is known to divide attentional resources between the two visual hemifields (Klapetek et al., 2016).

This review will scope the literature and present the results for the effects on exercise and CIPN.

Allograft and xenograft collagen tubes were prepared and evaluated by implantation into the circulatory system of mongrel dogs. Femoral interposition grafts, aortoiliac grafts, and carotid-to-jugular shunts were utilized. A variety of preservation methods were evaluated after it became evident that 'fresh' graft material would not remain patent. Different techniques for storage and preservation of the collagen tubes resulted in a grated patency rate but that fresh, autogenous vein grafts remained superior for the management of peripheral vascular injury. (Author)

This article is from Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology , volume 3 . Abstract None

The hypothesis of the multi peripheral model is extended to the hadron-nucleus interactions and then generalized to the nucleus-nucleus case. The processing of the model depends on input parameters that are extracted from the features of the experiments in this field. The number of encountered nucleons from both target and projectile are estimated according to the eikonal scattering approach. The screening effect due to the interaction of the projectile nucleons in successive manner with the target nucleus is considered. The rapidity distributions of fast particles are reproduced for the successive collisions in p-S and $^{32}$S-$^{32}$S interactions at 200 A GeV. A global fair agreement is found in comparison with data of the experiment SLAC-NA-035.

The hypothesis of the multi peripheral model is extended to the hadron-nucleus interactions and then generalized to the nucleus-nucleus case. The processing of the model depends on input parameters that are extracted from the features of the experiments in this field. The number of encountered nucleons from both target and projectile are estimated according to the eikonal scattering approach. The screening effect due to the interaction of the projectile nucleons in successive manner with the target nucleus is considered. The rapidity distributions of fast particles are reproduced for the successive collisions in p-S and $^{32}$S-$^{32}$S interactions at 200 A GeV. A global fair agreement is found in comparison with data of the experiment SLAC-NA-035.

This report reviews French Air Force (FAF) involvement in military operations outside of Europe since the early 1960s and then more closely examines FAF operations in Chad from 1978 through mid 1987. Part of a larger RAND research effort aimed at enhancing the future effectiveness of U.S. Air Force air power in peripheral conflicts, this study assesses (1) the relative effectiveness of air power in French overseas operations; (2) the constraints placed on the use of air power and how they influenced its effectiveness; and (3) the unique aspects of FAF force structure, equipment, organization, doctrine employment concepts, and training designed specifically for peripheral operations. The author concludes that, in response to growing military capabilities of Third World opponents, air power has become an increasingly critical component of French overseas projection forces. However, French experience confirms that air power can make a decisive contribution in peripheral conflicts only when it is combined with aggressive joint land operations. Keywords: Joint military operation; Air land battles. (KT)

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Council for Tobacco Research Records; abstract; st suggests that corticotrophin-releasing factor r2 rather than corticotrophin-releasing factor r1 mediates the hypotensive effects of these hormones

It is commonly believed that the central visual field is important for recognizing objects and faces, and the peripheral region is useful for scene recognition. However, the relative importance of central versus peripheral information for object, scene, and face recognition is unclear. In a behavioral study, Larson and Loschky (2009) investigated this question by measuring the scene recognition accuracy as a function of visual angle, and demonstrated that peripheral vision was indeed more useful in recognizing scenes than central vision. In this work, we modeled and replicated the result of Larson and Loschky (2009), using deep convolutional neural networks. Having fit the data for scenes, we used the model to predict future data for large-scale scene recognition as well as for objects and faces. Our results suggest that the relative order of importance of using central visual field information is face recognition>object recognition>scene recognition, and vice-versa for peripheral information.

Philip Morris Records; form; report; conf, confidential; extr, extra

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the effect of resistance training compared to aerobic training impact the circulating irisin (plasma irisin or serum irisin) in adults?

This study examines how visual attention can influence motion sickness symptoms during virtual reality navigation. Exposure to virtual reality (VR) environments often results in visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). Numerous studies documented the connection between VR exposure and VIMS symptoms, such as oculomotor discomfort, eyestrain, and nausea (Golding, 1998; Weech et al., 2019). VIMS in VR is referred to as Cybersickness (CS), which is considered as a subtype of VIMS (Palmisano et al., 2017). The sensory conflict theory suggested that CS is caused by the sensory conflicts between the visual and non-visual systems, with the most prominent being the mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs (Reason, 1978). Wei et al. (2018) proposed that visual attention reallocation can help mitigate CS. They measured the degree of attention allocation to the central and peripheral visual fields when experiencing vection - a visually induced self-motion illusion that commonly accompanies navigation in VR environments (Weech et al., 2019). The research team found that a higher level of attention to the peripheral visual field (PVF) was correlated with lower self-rated susceptibility to VIMS. The authors explained that reallocating visual attention to the PVF might minimize the visual-vestibular conflict by downplaying the role of vestibular inputs, while strengthening the reliability of visual motion inputs (Brandt et al., 2002). Additionally, participants who paid more attention to the PVF also achieved a more stable perception of vection, which might help to prevent CS. Previous study indicated that stable and reliable vection is less likely to induce VIMS (Bonato et al., 2008). However, Wei et al. (2018) only measured their participants’ VIMS susceptibly, without recording their actual VIMS level during vection. In addition, the participants underwent both a visual response task (as a measurement of their visual attention) and vection at the same time, which can be a potential confounder as cognitive distractions (e.g. solving a question) can reduce motion sickness by itself (Bos, 2015; Seno et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2019). Furthermore, the observed finding seemingly contradicts the previous studies, which favor the idea that the higher field of view (FOV) positively correlates to CS severity (Lin et al., 2002; Seay et al., 2002). In other words, restricting visual information in the periphery helps to alleviate CS. Finally, as the authors did not manipulate visual attention, the relationship between visual attention and VIMS susceptibility is merely correlational. As such, it is difficult to conclude that attention reallocation can indeed reduce CS. The present study will attempt to address these limitations by directly measuring the participants’ experienced CS level during VR exposure. Subjects will perform a naturalistic VR navigation task that is expected to produce some motion sickness symptoms. Visual attention will be manipulated by varying the location of visual cues. In peripheral-cued condition, targets will be highlighted when they are in the outer periphery of the visual displays, which is expected to increase attention to the PVF (Frischen et al., 2007; Matsukura et al., 2014). In the central-cued condition, targets are highlighted only when in the center of the visual displays, which tend to increase attention to the central visual field (CVF). Additionally, in order to provide further evidence that visual attention during vection and VIMS susceptibility are indeed linked to one another, we will also be conducting the sustained attention to response tests (SART) that is similar to Wei et al. (2018). SART is a reaction task that aims to measure the degree of attention to the CVF and PVF. During the task, objects will appear on either the CVF or PVF area of the screen, and participants will be instructed to only react to certain objects.

This article is from Molecular Pain , volume 8 . Abstract Background: In addition to their central effects, opioids cause peripheral analgesia. There is evidence showing that peripheral activation of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) inhibits inflammatory pain. Moreover, peripheral μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activation are able to direct block PGE2-induced ongoing hyperalgesia However, this effect was not tested for KOR selective activation. In the present study, the effect of the peripheral activation of KORs on PGE2-induced ongoing hyperalgesia was investigated. The mechanisms involved were also evaluated. Results: Local (paw) administration of U50488 (a selective KOR agonist) directly blocked, PGE2-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in both rats and mice. This effect was reversed by treating animals with L-NMMA or N-propyl-L-arginine (a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nNOS), suggesting involvement of the nNOS/NO pathway. U50488 peripheral effect was also dependent on stimulation of PI3Kγ/AKT because inhibitors of these kinases also reduced peripheral antinociception induced by U50488. Furthermore, U50488 lost its peripheral analgesic effect in PI3Kγ null mice. Observations made in vivo were confirmed after incubation of dorsal root ganglion cultured neurons with U50488 produced an increase in the activation of AKT as evaluated by western blot analyses of its phosphorylated form. Finally, immunofluorescence of DRG neurons revealed that KOR-expressing neurons also express PI3Kγ (≅ 43%). Conclusions: The present study indicates that activation of peripheral KORs directly blocks inflammatory hyperalgesia through stimulation of the nNOS/NO signaling pathway which is probably stimulated by PI3Kγ/AKT signaling. This study extends a previously study of our group suggesting that PI3Kγ/AKT/nNOS/NO is an important analgesic pathway in primary nociceptive neurons.

The Peripheral - Season 1 "Inside The Peripheral" Featurette Starring Chloë Grace Moretz, Gary Carr, Jack Reynor, Julian Moore-Cook, Louis Herthum, Chris Coy... Set in the future when technology has subtly altered society, a woman discovers a secret connection to an alternate reality as well as a dark future of her own. #ThePeripheral #BehindTheScenes. SUBSCRIBE and CLICK the notification 🔔 HERE: http://bit.ly/SUBExtra 🛒 CHECK OUT OUR NEW MERCH STORE! : http://bit.ly/EXSHOP 🎥 FILMISNOW MOVIE TRAILERS : http://bit.ly/FINtrailers 🌍 FILMISNOW MOVIE TRAILERS INTERNATIONAL : http://bit.ly/FINIntEx 🏃‍♂️ FILMISNOW ACTION MOVIE TRAILERS : http://bit.ly/FINActionEx 👪 FILMISNOW FAMILY MOVIE TRAILERS : http://bit.ly/FINFamEx 🎶 CHILLOUT MUSIC ZONE : http://bit.ly/ChillOutEx Some of the best and most funniest movie moments happen behind the scenes. #FilmIsNowExtra & Movie Bloopers channel gives you the latest and best behind the scenes footage, gag reel, vfx breakdown, interviews, featurettes and deleted/alternate scenes. We give you the before, during and after that goes into making movies. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PMwJVtDGCc Uploader: FilmIsNow Movie Bloopers & Extras

This article is from BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine , volume 14 . Abstract Background: Cancer immunotherapy requires proper manipulation of the immune system, lymphocytes in particular, in order to identify and destroy the cancer cells as non-self. In this study we investigated the effect of the flavonoid present in green tea, namely epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on the proliferation of, and IFN-γ production by, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from breast cancer patients stimulated with a mitogen, anti-CD3 and the common breast cancer peptides Her-2/neu, and p53. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 25 patients with breast cancer at the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre (KCCC). The patients were newly diagnosed, and had not undergone any treatment or surgery at the time of sample collection. The control group consisted of 25 healthy women age-matched (±5 years) to the patients. PBMC were isolated from the patients and controls, and were cultured separately with the mitogen PHA, anti-CD3 antibodies, and Her-2/neu and p53 in the presence or absence of standardized doses of EGCG. The degree of proliferation and interferon-γ [IFN-γ) release were then analyzed. Results: EGCG significantly suppressed the proliferation of PBMC in response to stimulation separately with (i) the mitogen, (ii) anti-CD3, and (iii) the cancer antigen peptides. IFN-γ production was also significantly suppressed by EGCG in vitro. Conclusions: EGCG appears to have an immunosuppressive effect on the proliferation of PBMC, indicating that EGCG is worth exploring for immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune diseases and tissue transplantation.

This article is from Journal of Translational Medicine , volume 12 . Abstract Background: Regulatory T cells (Treg) protect kidney against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury via suppressing innate immunity, but the mechanism has not been fully clarified. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2), a novel effector of Treg, may affect apoptosis and inflammation. This study investigated the role of sFGL2 in renal IR injury in a porcine kidney auto-transplantation model. Materials and methods: The left kidney was retrieved from mini pigs and infused by University of Wisconsin solution into the renal artery with the renal artery and vein clamped for 24-h cold storage. After the right nephrectomy, the left kidney was auto-transplanted into the right for 2 weeks. 3 pigs were sacrificed at day 2, 5, 7, 10 and 14 post-transplantation respectively. Collected renal tissues and daily blood samples were stored for further analyses. Results: Both serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were maximized during day 2 to 5 and followed by a gradual recovery over 2 weeks. The similar pattern were showed in histological damage, myeloperoxidase + cells and apoptosis in the kidney, as well as circulating TNF-α and IFN-γ. Serum sFGL2 presented a fluctuating increase and reached a peak at day 10. The expression of sFGL2 and its receptor FcγRIIB as well as Foxp3 and IL-10 in the kidney was notably increased from day 5 to 10. Conclusion: The increased sFGL2 together with FcγRIIB during renal recovery after IR injury suggested that sFGL2 might be a potential renoprotective mediator involved in the renal self-repairing and remodeling in this 2-week porcine auto-transplantation model.

This article is from Molecular Autism , volume 5 . Abstract Background: Over the last decade, the transgenic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) NR1-knockdown mouse (NR1neo−/−) has been investigated as a glutamate hypofunction model for schizophrenia. Recent research has now revealed that the model also recapitulates cognitive and negative symptoms in the continuum of other psychiatric diseases, particularly autism spectrum disorders (ASD). As previous studies have mostly focussed on behavioural readouts, a molecular characterisation of this model will help to identify novel biomarkers or potential drug targets. Methods: Here, we have used multiplex immunoassay analyses to investigate peripheral analyte alterations in serum of NR1neo−/− mice, as well as a combination of shotgun label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, bioinformatic pathway analyses, and a shotgun-based 40-plex selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay to investigate altered molecular pathways in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. All findings were cross compared to identify translatable findings between the brain and periphery. Results: Multiplex immunoassay profiling led to identification of 29 analytes that were significantly altered in sera of NR1neo−/− mice. The highest magnitude changes were found for neurotrophic factors (VEGFA, EGF, IGF-1), apolipoprotein A1, and fibrinogen. We also found decreased levels of several chemokines. Following this, LC-MSE profiling led to identification of 48 significantly changed proteins in the frontal cortex and 41 in the hippocampus. In particular, MARCS, the mitochondrial pyruvate kinase, and CamKII-alpha were affected. Based on the combination of protein set enrichment and bioinformatic pathway analysis, we designed orthogonal SRM-assays which validated the abnormalities of proteins involved in synaptic long-term potentiation, myelination, and the ERK-signalling pathway in both brain regions. In contrast, increased levels of proteins involved in neurotransmitter metabolism and release were found only in the frontal cortex and abnormalities of proteins involved in the purinergic system were found exclusively in the hippocampus. Conclusions: Taken together, this multi-platform profiling study has identified peripheral changes which are potentially linked to central alterations in synaptic plasticity and neuronal function associated with NMDAR-NR1 hypofunction. Therefore, the reported proteomic changes may be useful as translational biomarkers in human and rodent model drug discovery efforts.

A pithy and personal account of the processes involved in the creation and manufacture of alternative controllers for social games. This session is based on Mike' own experience of the development of titles such as SINGSTAR and EYETOY and their associated hardware. Including examples taken from the manufacturing experiences of the EYETOY Camera for PS2, the PLAYSTATION Eye camera for PS3, the SINGSTAR microphones and the BUZZ controllers. A walk through of development at each stage including: Software experience and Hardware requirement; The business case; Choosing the manufacturer; Cost analysis and economies of scale; Testing, prototyping and the QA process; Mass production and shipping. A "nuts and bolts" walk through based on real life examples of hardware development and the associated software experience.

"The Peripheral Nervous System of Bony Fishes" is an article from The American Naturalist, Volume 33 . View more articles from The American Naturalist . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2453989

We investigate the sensitivity of the heavy ion mode of the LHC to Higgs boson and Radion production via photon-photon fusion through the analysis of the processes photon to photon photon, photon photon to b anti-b, and photon photon to g g in peripheral heavy ion collisions. We suggest cuts to improve the Higgs and Radion signal over standard model background ratio and determine the capability of LHC to detect these particles production.

Introduction: Systemic Anti-Cancer therapy (SACT) can induce peripheral neuropathy. This is well recognised following chemotherapy but it may also be associated with immunotherapies and targeted treatments. These SACT-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (SIPN) syndromes represent a significant clinical challenge, characterised by an absence of preventative or effective treatments. This condition highlights the limited success in translating preclinical findings to clinical applications, underscoring a need to improve the relevance of existing preclinical models, strengthen collaboration between clinicians and basic scientists to compare features of the clinical syndrome and the preclinical models to pinpoint gaps in both clinical and mechanistic evidence. The extent and range of mammalian SIPN models and the outcomes used to assess those are currently unclear. The Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG) is an interdisciplinary organisation (part of the International Association for the Study of Pain; IASP) bringing together clinical and preclinical scientists, so is well placed to address this issue. This project focuses on mammalian models of SIPN, that have received any potentially neurotoxic systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT), including chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy and targeted therapies (exposure). The control population are sham or naïve animals that have not received a neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agent (control). The outcomes are any behavioural, anatomical, electrophysiological, biomarkers, imaging and global health outcomes. Objective: To conduct a scoping review to systematically map the characteristics and impact of SIPN as modelled in mammals; to summarise the range and nature of research; identify gaps in the literature and identify SIPN models best aligned to the clinical syndromes Methods and Analysis: The methodology this scoping review will follow is that of Peters et al. 2020 (Peters et al., 2020). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be followed (Tricco et al., 2018). The databases that we will search (in title/abstract) are PubMed, Web of Science and Embase with no language restrictions or limit on publication date. All reviewers will undergo standardised training and quality checking, before moving on to screening. Title and abstract screening will be performed using a dual-reviewer approach, with a human acting as Reviewer 1 and a machine learning classifier as Reviewer 2; any discrepancies between the two will be reviewed and resolved by a human reviewer. The classifier will be trained on a gold standard dataset and validated to ensure over 95 % recall. This will be followed by a second stage of full text screening and data extraction, again carried out in duplicate with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Data extraction will be carried out using the SyRF software with data extraction questions pre-specified before data extraction begins. Reviewers will undergo training using gold standard decisions and pilot studies, with ongoing quality control through comparison to expert annotations, feedback on discrepancies, and group discussion to refine eligibility criteria and data extraction guidance. Study details will be synthesised in a descriptive summary, with findings visualised using bar charts and matrix plots to illustrate frequency and diversity across key areas of interest. We will characterise the use of systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) agents by frequency, class, and their association with animal models and outcome types; map time-related variables such as dosing regimens and assessment timing to identify patterns in experimental design; and classify measured outcomes into major domains to highlight commonly used outcomes, gaps, and their translational relevance. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethics approval is not required for this scoping review. The findings of this scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and at scientific conferences. Stakeholders include preclinical researchers, clinical academics, and people living with SIPN.

The Peripheral  ( 2014 /III)

Software-defined radios (SDRs) provide researchers with powerful and flexible wireless communications experimentation platforms. This report describes the development and usage of an U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL)-developed powerful software library that allows the user to interface with the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) family of radio hardware using MATLAB. This library enables fast prototyping of algorithms on SDRs.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract The Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) is a seasonal mammal responding to the annual cycle in photoperiod with anticipatory physiological adaptations. This includes a reduction in food intake and body weight during the autumn in anticipation of seasonally reduced food availability. In the laboratory, short-day induction of body weight loss can be reversed or prevented by voluntary exercise undertaken when a running wheel is introduced into the home cage. The mechanism by which exercise prevents or reverses body weight reduction is unknown, but one hypothesis is a reversal of short-day photoperiod induced gene expression changes in the hypothalamus that underpin body weight regulation. Alternatively, we postulate an exercise-related anabolic effect involving the growth hormone axis. To test these hypotheses we established photoperiod-running wheel experiments of 8 to 16 weeks duration assessing body weight, food intake, organ mass, lean and fat mass by magnetic resonance, circulating hormones FGF21 and insulin and hypothalamic gene expression. In response to running wheel activity, short-day housed hamsters increased body weight. Compared to short-day housed sedentary hamsters the body weight increase was accompanied by higher food intake, maintenance of tissue mass of key organs such as the liver, maintenance of lean and fat mass and hormonal profiles indicative of long day housed hamsters but there was no overall reversal of hypothalamic gene expression regulated by photoperiod. Therefore the mechanism by which activity induces body weight gain is likely to act largely independently of photoperiod regulated gene expression in the hypothalamus.

This article is from Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease , volume 2 . Abstract Background: Patients with peripheral arterial disease often experience treatment failure from restenosis at the site of a prior peripheral endovascular intervention (PVI) or lower extremity bypass (LEB). The impact of these treatment failures on the utilization and outcomes of secondary interventions is poorly understood. Methods and Results: In our regional vascular quality improvement collaborative, we compared 2350 patients undergoing primary infrainguinal LEB with 1154 patients undergoing secondary infrainguinal LEB (LEB performed after previous revascularization in the index limb) between 2003 and 2011. The proportion of patients undergoing secondary LEB increased by 72% during the study period (22% of all LEBs in 2003 to 38% in 2011, P

This article is from Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease , volume 2 . Abstract Background: Patients with peripheral arterial disease often experience treatment failure from restenosis at the site of a prior peripheral endovascular intervention (PVI) or lower extremity bypass (LEB). The impact of these treatment failures on the utilization and outcomes of secondary interventions is poorly understood. Methods and Results: In our regional vascular quality improvement collaborative, we compared 2350 patients undergoing primary infrainguinal LEB with 1154 patients undergoing secondary infrainguinal LEB (LEB performed after previous revascularization in the index limb) between 2003 and 2011. The proportion of patients undergoing secondary LEB increased by 72% during the study period (22% of all LEBs in 2003 to 38% in 2011, P

This article is from Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease , volume 2 . Abstract Background: Patients with peripheral arterial disease often experience treatment failure from restenosis at the site of a prior peripheral endovascular intervention (PVI) or lower extremity bypass (LEB). The impact of these treatment failures on the utilization and outcomes of secondary interventions is poorly understood. Methods and Results: In our regional vascular quality improvement collaborative, we compared 2350 patients undergoing primary infrainguinal LEB with 1154 patients undergoing secondary infrainguinal LEB (LEB performed after previous revascularization in the index limb) between 2003 and 2011. The proportion of patients undergoing secondary LEB increased by 72% during the study period (22% of all LEBs in 2003 to 38% in 2011, P

This article is from Critical Ultrasound Journal , volume 4 . Abstract Background: Recent studies support high success rates after a short learning period of ultrasound IV technique, and increased patient and provider satisfaction when using ultrasound as an adjunct to peripheral IV placement. No study to date has addressed the efficacy for instructing ultrasound-naive providers. We studied the introduction of ultrasound to the teaching technique of peripheral IV insertion on first- and second-year medical students. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, and controlled trial. A total of 69 medical students were randomly assigned to the control group with a classic, landmark-based approach (n = 36) or the real-time ultrasound-guided group (n = 33). Both groups observed a 20-min tutorial on IV placement using both techniques and then attempted vein cannulation. Students were given a survey to report their results and observations by a 10-cm visual analog scale. The survey response rate was 100%. Results: In the two groups, 73.9% stated that they attempted an IV previously, and 63.7% of students had used an ultrasound machine prior to the study. None had used ultrasound for IV access prior to our session. The average number of attempts at cannulation was 1.42 in either group. There was no difference between the control and ultrasound groups in terms of number of attempts (p = 0.31). In both groups, 66.7% of learners were able to cannulate in one attempt, 21.7% in two attempts, and 11.6% in three attempts. The study group commented that they felt they gained more knowledge from the experience (p < 0.005) and that it was easier with ultrasound guidance (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Medical students feel they learn more when using ultrasound after a 20-min tutorial to place IVs and cannulation of the vein feels easier. Success rates are comparable between the traditional and ultrasound teaching approaches.

This article is from Critical Ultrasound Journal , volume 4 . Abstract Background: Recent studies support high success rates after a short learning period of ultrasound IV technique, and increased patient and provider satisfaction when using ultrasound as an adjunct to peripheral IV placement. No study to date has addressed the efficacy for instructing ultrasound-naive providers. We studied the introduction of ultrasound to the teaching technique of peripheral IV insertion on first- and second-year medical students. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, and controlled trial. A total of 69 medical students were randomly assigned to the control group with a classic, landmark-based approach (n = 36) or the real-time ultrasound-guided group (n = 33). Both groups observed a 20-min tutorial on IV placement using both techniques and then attempted vein cannulation. Students were given a survey to report their results and observations by a 10-cm visual analog scale. The survey response rate was 100%. Results: In the two groups, 73.9% stated that they attempted an IV previously, and 63.7% of students had used an ultrasound machine prior to the study. None had used ultrasound for IV access prior to our session. The average number of attempts at cannulation was 1.42 in either group. There was no difference between the control and ultrasound groups in terms of number of attempts (p = 0.31). In both groups, 66.7% of learners were able to cannulate in one attempt, 21.7% in two attempts, and 11.6% in three attempts. The study group commented that they felt they gained more knowledge from the experience (p < 0.005) and that it was easier with ultrasound guidance (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Medical students feel they learn more when using ultrasound after a 20-min tutorial to place IVs and cannulation of the vein feels easier. Success rates are comparable between the traditional and ultrasound teaching approaches.

This article is from Yonsei Medical Journal , volume 52 . Abstract Purpose: Accumulating evidence has shown a close connection between hematopoiesis and bone formation. Our aim was to evaluate the association between peripheral blood cell counts and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Three hundreds thirty eight healthy postmenopausal women who underwent BMD measurement during their health check-up were investigated. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray asorptiometry at L1-L4 spine, femoral neck and total proximal femur. BMD was expressed as a T-score: among T-scores obtained from three different sites (L1-L4 spine, femoral neck and total proximal femur), the lowest T-score was considered to be the subject's T-score. Results: The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosed by T-score in the study participants were 49.4% (167/338) and 5.0% (17/338), respectively. Peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet counts had significant positive correlations with T-scores (p

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract During acute viral infections such as influenza, humans often experience not only transient fever, but also prolonged fatigue or depressive feelings with a decrease in social activity for days or weeks. These feelings are thought to be due to neuroinflammation in the brain. Recent studies have suggested that chronic neuroinflammation is a precipitating event of various neurological disorders, but the mechanism determining the duration of neuroinflammation has not been elucidated. In this study, neuroinflammation was induced by intraperitoneal injection of polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C), a Toll-like receptor-3 agonist that mimics viral infection in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and then investigated how the neuroinflammation shift from acute to the chronic state. The rats showed transient fever and prolonged suppression of spontaneous activity for several days following poly I:C injection. NS-398, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, completely prevented fever, but did not improve spontaneous activity, indicating that suppression of spontaneous activity was not induced by the arachidonate cascade that generated the fever. The animals overexpressed interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the brain including the cerebral cortex. Blocking the IL-1 receptor in the brain by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of recombinant IL-1ra completely blocked the poly I:C-induced suppression of spontaneous activity and attenuated amplification of brain interferon (IFN)-α expression, which has been reported to produce fatigue-like behavior by suppressing the serotonergic system. Furthermore, i.c.v. infusion of neutralizing antibody for IL-1ra prolonged recovery from suppression of spontaneous activity. Our findings indicated that IL-1β is the key trigger of neuroinflammation and that IL-1ra prevents the neuroinflammation entering the chronic state.

In this video Vascular Surgeon, Dr. Heather Cox, shows you how to give a complete physical examination of the Peripheral Pulses. After watching this video you should be able to: Have a basic understand of how to examine the peripheral pulses Understand how to calculate the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

In this video Vascular Surgeon, Dr. Heather Cox, shows you how to give a complete physical examination of the Peripheral Pulses. After watching this video you should be able to: Have a basic understand of how to examine the peripheral pulses Understand how to calculate the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

Approved For Release 2002/10/22 : CIA-RDP80B01676R0005001 MEMORANDUM FOR: Deputy Director for Intelligence SUBJECT: Briefing Memoranda on the Monthly JRC Peripheral Reconnaissance Schedule Executive Registry 1. I understand that you and the DDS&T have agreed that responsibility for the preparation of briefing memoranda on the Monthly JRC Schedule is to be assumed by the Collection Guidance Staff of the DDI. 2. These memoranda should be limited to comments on: a. those programs sponsored by or of direct interest to the CIA; b. those missions which may be particularly sensitive in light of current political situations; c. those new or unusual programs which may be expected to receive special attention by the 303 Committee; or d. unusual deviations from the normal scope of the program. 3. These memoranda should be fully coordinated within the Agency.. Richdrd Helms Director cc: DDCI DDS&T DDP Approved For Release 2002/10/22: CIA-RDP80BO1676R0540164 6-6

The objective of this study is to identify the types of recent evidence in the literature to determine which screening test for asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease in any adult diabetic patient is most appropriate for primary care practice of an Advanced Practice Nurse. A scoping review queried three PubMed, Webofscience and Sciencedirect databases between 2017 and 2021 following the PRISMA methodology and respecting the methodological guide of the DEIPA dissertation from the University of Lorraine. The discussion compared the results with the current recommendations of international learned societies and the competency framework of Advanced Practice Nurse in France.

Although the brain cannot store glucose, it relies on glucose as its primary energy source. The basal metabolic demand of the brain is estimated to be 30% of whole-brain glucose use, providing the fuel required for functions such as resting state connections. Seventy percent of brain glucose use is for spontaneous functional processes, including the production of action potentials, postsynaptic potentials, and the maintenance of ion gradients. The level of cerebral glucose metabolism is considered a reliable measure of neuronal activity. [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG or FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is the most commonly used neuroimaging technique for directly evaluating brain glucose metabolism in vivo. In recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of FDG-PET studies in ageing, we found older adults have lower frontal and temporal cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRGLC) than younger adults (Deery et al., 2022). This pattern was found when effect size meta-analyses were performed at the lobular levels and activation likelihood estimates meta-analyses were undertaken at a regional level. The age effects were reduced after adjustments were made for grey matter and/or partial volume effects. The action of insulin in the brain has received attention recently because significant disturbances are not only observed in obesity and diabetes, but also in ageing and dementia. Although there is a large body of epidemiological evidence linking metabolic health, including insulin sensitivity, to ageing and disease, the relationship to CMRGLC in ageing has not been studied. The current study will assess the relationships between peripheral insulin sensitivity, as measured by Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), age, CMRGLC at the regional level using Statistical Parameter Mapping, and cognitive function.

Although the brain cannot store glucose, it relies on glucose as its primary energy source. The basal metabolic demand of the brain is estimated to be 30% of whole-brain glucose use, providing the fuel required for functions such as resting state connections. Seventy percent of brain glucose use is for spontaneous functional processes, including the production of action potentials, postsynaptic potentials, and the maintenance of ion gradients. The level of cerebral glucose metabolism is considered a reliable measure of neuronal activity. [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG or FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is the most commonly used neuroimaging technique for directly evaluating brain glucose metabolism in vivo. In recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of FDG-PET studies in ageing, we found older adults have lower frontal and temporal cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRGLC) than younger adults (Deery et al., 2022). This pattern was found when effect size meta-analyses were performed at the lobular levels and activation likelihood estimates meta-analyses were undertaken at a regional level. The age effects were reduced after adjustments were made for grey matter and/or partial volume effects. The action of insulin in the brain has received attention recently because significant disturbances are not only observed in obesity and diabetes, but also in ageing and dementia. Although there is a large body of epidemiological evidence linking metabolic health, including insulin sensitivity, to ageing and disease, the relationship to CMRGLC in ageing has not been studied. The current study will assess the relationships between peripheral insulin sensitivity, as measured by Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), age, CMRGLC at the regional level using Statistical Parameter Mapping, and cognitive function.

This is a Systematic Review and a meta-analysis in which we are investigating the association of preoperative albumin and the outcomes of lower extremity revascularization procedures for Peripheral Artery Disease.

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The Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is predicted for mid-peripheral Au-Au collisions $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV at RHIC. However many backgrounds can give signals that make the measurement hard to interpret. The STAR experiment has made a measurement that makes it possible to separate out the background from the signal. An event shape analysis is the key for controlling the effects of Transverse Momentum Conservation (TMC) in the Au-Au collisions. LHC Pb-Pb collision $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV has made event plane measurements from which we calculate the CME and make predictions about what the event shape analysis should give.