Downloads & Free Reading Options - Results

Changes in the delivery of health care services and their implications for nursing practice and nursing education are discussed in nine papers from the 1986 annual meeting of the Southern Council on Collegiate Education for Nursing. Titles and authors are as follows: "Changes in Health Care and Challenges for Nursing Education" (Jacquelyn S. Kinder); "Redesigning Nursing Education Curricula to Meet Changing Needs" (Verle Waters); "Redesigning Nursing Education Curricula to Meet Changing Needs: Implications for Doctoral Programs" (Billye J. Brown); "Redesigning Nursing Education Curricula to Meet Changing Needs: Implications for Master's Programs" (Joan Farrell); "Redesigning Nursing Education Curricula to Meet Changing Needs: Implications for Bachelor's Programs" (Margaret L. McKevit); "Shifting Patterns of Nursing Practice: Impact on Associate Degree Nursing Education" (Margaret G. Opitz); "Theory-Based Nursing--The Foundation for Practice and Education: A Nurse Administrator's View" (Sarah E. Allison); "Alternative Approaches to Care for the Elderly: What Nurses Need to Know" (Miriam K. Moss); and "Unity in Nursing--A Public Imperative" (Virginia M. Jarratt). (SW)

This article is from Frontiers in Psychology , volume 4 . Abstract The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is the most widely instrument used in the assessment of affective decision-making in several populations with frontal impairment. The standard performance measure on the IGT is obtained by calculating the difference between the advantageous and the disadvantageous choices. This standard score does not allows the assessment of the use of different strategies to deal with contingencies of gain and losses across the task. This study aims to compare the standard score method used in IGT with a method that analyses the patterns of staying and shifting among different decks across the 100 choices, considering contingencies of choices with and without losses. We compared the IGT performance of 24 children with externalizing disorders (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder) and 24 healthy age-matched children. The analyses of the standard score across all blocks failed to show differences among children with externalizing disorders and control children. However, healthy children showed a pattern of shifting more from disadvantageous decks to advantageous decks and choosing more consecutive cards from the advantageous decks across all blocks, independently of the contingency of losses. On the other hand, children with externalizing disorders presented a pattern of shifting more from advantageous decks to disadvantageous ones in comparison to healthy children and repeatedly chose cards from the B deck across all blocks. This findings show that even though differences among groups might not be found when using the standard analyses, a different type of analysis might be able to show distinct strategies on the execution of the test.

Approved For Release 2003/03/28 :CIA-RDP79R00890A000600060049-2 s? HOVR~ ,..K 19 55 Y. Present world situation.~ha~s change d?e primarily three lact4r A. Growiag mu~a~er .and power of nuclear ~wea.pons . B. Growth of west~-arn strength aad rxaty_ in reapo~se to Communist mflita.ry threat. C. Shift in Cama~unist tactic to a.ccomo- ? date (A) a.nd (B) . ~. II. Change in: Soviet external beha.v~.or has been exteasive. HoMever, activities of Soviet international networks of sub~+er- ~, ~ cn and espionage continue at high level A> USSR has made na substantia.l cances- sions> B.` There is no evidence USSR has changed (a~7S"?Ufy1kM11T Pi(J----- . = a rv r ~r~ c~.q~s,,~asic c~bje_ctives. ~~~1 tvocF e h l n + ,~,.s~r~3: f~i 7~-,.. f IDE~ITIAL Approved For Release 2003/03/28 :CIA-RDP79R00890A000600060049-2

This monograph describes projects of the Minnesota Governor's Planning Council on Developmental Disabilities which focus on empowerment and self-advocacy for individuals with disabilities and their family members. Individual sections address: (1) Partners in Policymaking (an intensive course to train individuals with disabilities and family members to become community leaders); (2) Parents as Case Managers (projects which train parents for this role); (3) Personal Futures Planning (a group planning and support process to help an individual toward a better future); (4) the voucher system (in which families and individuals select among service options and are reimbursed with government money); (5) youth leadership (which fosters integrated friendships and develops leadership and self-determination skills); (6) People First (which uses a group format to teach self-advocacy skills); and (7) career vision (which focuses on identification of individual skills and goals and matching these with employment possibilities). Activities of the projects have included a survey of "best practices" in empowerment and self-advocacy, and establishment of contacts in each state with the developmental disabilities council, the university affiliated programs, and a major consumer/parent organization. (DB)

Study Objective: This study evaluated the effect of accommodating adolescent sleep-wake patterns by altering the timing of the major sleep period of US Army recruits. Design: The quasi-experimental study compared recruits assigned to one of two training companies: one with a customary sleep regimen (20:30 to 04:30) while the other employed a phase-delayed sleep regimen (23:00 to 07:00), the latter aligning better with biologically driven sleep-wake patterns of adolescents. Setting: The study was conducted during Basic Combat Training (BCT) at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. Trainees: The study included 392 trainees: 209 received the intervention, while 183 composed the Comparison group. Measurements and Results: Demographic and psychophysiological measures were collected on all trainees. Weekly assessments of subjective fatigue and mood, periodic physical fitness, marksmanship scores, and attrition rates from BCT were studied. Actigraphy was collected on approximately 24% of trainees. Based on actigraphy, trainees on the phase-delayed sleep schedule obtained 31 m more sleep/night than trainees on the customary sleep schedule. The Intervention group reported less total mood disturbance relative to baseline. Improvements in marksmanship correlated positively with average nightly sleep during the preceding week when basic marksmanship skills were taught. No differences were seen in physical fitness or attrition rates. In contrast to the Intervention group, the Comparison group was 2.3 times more likely to experience occupationally significant fatigue and 5.5 times more likely to report poor sleep quality. Conclusions: Accommodating adolescent sleep patterns significantly improves mental health and performance in the training environment.

This report analyzes and documents the ways that existing educational service systems have successfully modified their roles in order to improve school-to-adult-life transition services for students with disabilities. The report is based on findings from development of a model cooperative transition services system, which revealed that new roles are crucial to the implementation of a fully functioning transition services program. The report is designed to provide practical ideas for resourceful school systems planners, to build an enhanced transition program by shifting roles rather than requiring costly additional resources. The report explains the role shifting research model and identifies problem areas and change functions involved in role shifting. Also analyzed are trends in role shifting patterns and change strategies, such as creating new positions to coordinate vocational and special education; creating the roles of case manager, job coach, and job developer; changing teachers' roles to emphasize community-based instruction; etc. The report also reviews funding strategies for transition programs, lists critical factors for change, and offers personnel planning guidelines. (JDD)

This report analyzes and documents the ways that existing educational service systems have successfully modified their roles in order to improve school-to-adult-life transition services for students with disabilities. The report is based on findings from development of a model cooperative transition services system, which revealed that new roles are crucial to the implementation of a fully functioning transition services program. The report is designed to provide practical ideas for resourceful school systems planners, to build an enhanced transition program by shifting roles rather than requiring costly additional resources. The report explains the role shifting research model and identifies problem areas and change functions involved in role shifting. Also analyzed are trends in role shifting patterns and change strategies, such as creating new positions to coordinate vocational and special education; creating the roles of case manager, job coach, and job developer; changing teachers' roles to emphasize community-based instruction; etc. The report also reviews funding strategies for transition programs, lists critical factors for change, and offers personnel planning guidelines. (JDD)

Does exposure to conflict displacement amplify support for far-right parties? This study investigates the political impact of October the Seventh, focusing on conflict-induced displacement. Utilizing a pre-registered survey and Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) analysis, I intend to examine a natural experiment in Israel, where government-ordered evacuations due to military conflicts offer a unique opportunity to assess the causal effects of displacement on political outcomes. By analyzing changes in retrospective and prospective voting, as well as in political ideology, this research aims to provide robust evidence on how security-driven displacement influences support for far-right parties. It addresses gaps in theories of democratic governance and retrospective voting by highlighting the role of security threats and displacement in shaping populist movements. The findings will offer valuable insights for policymakers to address the concerns driving support for far-right parties and promote a more stable political discourse.

This report measures the amount of black migration from and to the nonmetropolitan parts of the United States south from 1965-70 and 1990-95. It considers trends both within the south and with the rest of the nation. For perspective, comparisons are made with the movement of the non-black population, more than 90 percent of which is white. In the period between 1965 and 1995, black migration from the nonmetropolitan (rural and small-town) south to places in the north and west declined significantly, shifting instead mostly to the metropolitan south. This outmovement, in turn, became offset by migration of blacks into (or back to) rural districts from metropolitan areas. Net population loss is still evident in areas of the western nonmetropolitan south that have significant proportions of blacks, but not in the eastern south. Migration lowered the education level of the nonmetropolitan black population somewhat by a net loss of college graduates and a net inflow of persons who had not finished high school. Poverty rates of blacks coming into the nonmetropolitan south were as high as those of the nonmigrant population, indicating no general income benefit from the urban inflow. (Contains 27 references, 11 figures, and 3 tables.) (SM)

This report measures the amount of black migration from and to the nonmetropolitan parts of the United States south from 1965-70 and 1990-95. It considers trends both within the south and with the rest of the nation. For perspective, comparisons are made with the movement of the non-black population, more than 90 percent of which is white. In the period between 1965 and 1995, black migration from the nonmetropolitan (rural and small-town) south to places in the north and west declined significantly, shifting instead mostly to the metropolitan south. This outmovement, in turn, became offset by migration of blacks into (or back to) rural districts from metropolitan areas. Net population loss is still evident in areas of the western nonmetropolitan south that have significant proportions of blacks, but not in the eastern south. Migration lowered the education level of the nonmetropolitan black population somewhat by a net loss of college graduates and a net inflow of persons who had not finished high school. Poverty rates of blacks coming into the nonmetropolitan south were as high as those of the nonmigrant population, indicating no general income benefit from the urban inflow. (Contains 27 references, 11 figures, and 3 tables.) (SM)

This article is from BMC Evolutionary Biology , volume 11 . Abstract Background: Genome wide analysis of variation within a species can reveal the evolution of fundamental biological processes such as mutation, recombination, and natural selection. We compare genome wide sequence differences between two independent isolates of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (CB4856 and CB4858) and the reference genome (N2). Results: The base substitution pattern when comparing N2 against CB4858 reveals a transition over transversion bias (1.32:1) that is not present in CB4856. In CB4856, there is a significant bias in the direction of base substitution. The frequency of A or T bases in N2 that are G or C bases in CB4856 outnumber the opposite frequencies for transitions as well as transversions. These differences were not observed in the N2/CB4858 comparison. Similarly, we observed a strong bias for deletions over insertions in CB4856 (1.44: 1) that is not present in CB4858. In both CB4856 and CB4858, there is a significant correlation between SNP rate and recombination rate on the autosomes but not on the X chromosome. Furthermore, we identified numerous significant hotspots of variation in the CB4856-N2 comparison.In both CB4856 and CB4858, based on a measure of the strength of selection (ka/ks), all the chromosomes are under negative selection and in CB4856, there is no difference in the strength of natural selection in either the autosomes versus X or between any of the chromosomes. By contrast, in CB4858, ka/ks values are smaller in the autosomes than in the X chromosome. In addition, in CB4858, ka/ks values differ between chromosomes. Conclusions: The clear bias of deletions over insertions in CB4856 suggests that either the CB4856 genome is becoming smaller or the N2 genome is getting larger. We hypothesize the hotspots found represent alleles that are shared between CB4856 and CB4858 but not N2. Because the ka/ks ratio in the X chromosome is higher than the autosomes on average in CB4858, purifying selection is reduced on the X chromosome.

This book introduces readers to the age of intra-African migration, a period from the mid-19th century onward in which the center of gravity of African migration moved decisively inward. Most books tend to zoom in on Africa’s external migration during the earlier intercontinental slave trades and the more recent outmigration to the Global North, but this book argues that migration within the continent has been far more central to the lives of Africans over the course of the last two centuries. The book demonstrates that only by taking a broad historical and continent-wide perspective can we understand the distinctions between the more immediate drivers of migration and deeper patterns of change over time. During the 19th century Africa’s external slave trades gradually declined, whilst Africa’s expanding commodity export sectors drew in domestic labor. This led to an era of heightened mobility within the region, marked by rapidly rising and vanishing migratory flows, increasingly diversified landscapes of migration systems, and profound long-term shifts in the wider patterns of migration. This era of inward-focused mobility reduced with a resurgence of outmigration after 1960, when Africans became more deliberate in search of extra-continental destinations, with new diaspora communities emerging specifically in the Global North. Broad ranging in its temporal, spatial, and thematic coverage, this book provides students and researchers with the perfect introduction to age of intra-African migration.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Muscle metabolism dominates the energy costs of locomotion. Although in vivo measures of muscle strain, activity and force can indicate mechanical function, similar muscle-level measures of energy use are challenging to obtain. Without this information locomotor systems are essentially a black box in terms of the distribution of metabolic energy. Although in situ measurements of muscle metabolism are not practical in multiple muscles, the rate of blood flow to skeletal muscle tissue can be used as a proxy for aerobic metabolism, allowing the cost of particular muscle functions to be estimated. Axial, undulatory swimming is one of the most common modes of vertebrate locomotion. In fish, segmented myotomal muscles are the primary power source, driving undulations of the body axis that transfer momentum to the water. Multiple fins and the associated fin muscles also contribute to thrust production, and stabilization and control of the swimming trajectory. We have used blood flow tracers in swimming rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to estimate the regional distribution of energy use across the myotomal and fin muscle groups to reveal the functional distribution of metabolic energy use within a swimming animal for the first time. Energy use by the myotomal muscle increased with speed to meet thrust requirements, particularly in posterior myotomes where muscle power outputs are greatest. At low speeds, there was high fin muscle energy use, consistent with active stability control. As speed increased, and fins were adducted, overall fin muscle energy use declined, except in the caudal fin muscles where active fin stiffening is required to maintain power transfer to the wake. The present data were obtained under steady-state conditions which rarely apply in natural, physical environments. This approach also has potential to reveal the mechanical factors that underlie changes in locomotor cost associated with movement through unsteady flow regimes.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Muscle metabolism dominates the energy costs of locomotion. Although in vivo measures of muscle strain, activity and force can indicate mechanical function, similar muscle-level measures of energy use are challenging to obtain. Without this information locomotor systems are essentially a black box in terms of the distribution of metabolic energy. Although in situ measurements of muscle metabolism are not practical in multiple muscles, the rate of blood flow to skeletal muscle tissue can be used as a proxy for aerobic metabolism, allowing the cost of particular muscle functions to be estimated. Axial, undulatory swimming is one of the most common modes of vertebrate locomotion. In fish, segmented myotomal muscles are the primary power source, driving undulations of the body axis that transfer momentum to the water. Multiple fins and the associated fin muscles also contribute to thrust production, and stabilization and control of the swimming trajectory. We have used blood flow tracers in swimming rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to estimate the regional distribution of energy use across the myotomal and fin muscle groups to reveal the functional distribution of metabolic energy use within a swimming animal for the first time. Energy use by the myotomal muscle increased with speed to meet thrust requirements, particularly in posterior myotomes where muscle power outputs are greatest. At low speeds, there was high fin muscle energy use, consistent with active stability control. As speed increased, and fins were adducted, overall fin muscle energy use declined, except in the caudal fin muscles where active fin stiffening is required to maintain power transfer to the wake. The present data were obtained under steady-state conditions which rarely apply in natural, physical environments. This approach also has potential to reveal the mechanical factors that underlie changes in locomotor cost associated with movement through unsteady flow regimes.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Muscle metabolism dominates the energy costs of locomotion. Although in vivo measures of muscle strain, activity and force can indicate mechanical function, similar muscle-level measures of energy use are challenging to obtain. Without this information locomotor systems are essentially a black box in terms of the distribution of metabolic energy. Although in situ measurements of muscle metabolism are not practical in multiple muscles, the rate of blood flow to skeletal muscle tissue can be used as a proxy for aerobic metabolism, allowing the cost of particular muscle functions to be estimated. Axial, undulatory swimming is one of the most common modes of vertebrate locomotion. In fish, segmented myotomal muscles are the primary power source, driving undulations of the body axis that transfer momentum to the water. Multiple fins and the associated fin muscles also contribute to thrust production, and stabilization and control of the swimming trajectory. We have used blood flow tracers in swimming rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to estimate the regional distribution of energy use across the myotomal and fin muscle groups to reveal the functional distribution of metabolic energy use within a swimming animal for the first time. Energy use by the myotomal muscle increased with speed to meet thrust requirements, particularly in posterior myotomes where muscle power outputs are greatest. At low speeds, there was high fin muscle energy use, consistent with active stability control. As speed increased, and fins were adducted, overall fin muscle energy use declined, except in the caudal fin muscles where active fin stiffening is required to maintain power transfer to the wake. The present data were obtained under steady-state conditions which rarely apply in natural, physical environments. This approach also has potential to reveal the mechanical factors that underlie changes in locomotor cost associated with movement through unsteady flow regimes.

Document number CIA-RDP79R00890A000600060049-2 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

The National Student Clearinghouse Research Center reports on the shifting transfer landscape during COVID-19 in a rapid response report series titled "COVID-19 Transfer, Mobility, and Progress." Two reports are issued per academic term, starting with a first look of the term, followed by the end of term update. As the third in the series, the current report offers a first look into the spring 2021 student transfer patterns as of February 25. It focuses on year-over year changes within a fixed panel of institutions representing 74 percent of the Clearinghouse universe and 8.8 million undergraduate students (including 532,000 transfer students). These preliminary results are updated in the Spring 2021 report (see ED613171). Even before the pandemic turned the higher education landscape on its head, many college students intending to transfer struggled to manage the complexities of available transfer options. This task is particularly daunting for underrepresented student groups. Virus resurgence in late 2020, coupled with its differential economic and health impacts on Black, Latinx, and Native American populations in the U.S. made navigating these transfer options even more difficult. The general dampening of student mobility during the pandemic that was first reported last fall (see ED609850) appears to continue into this spring. However, upward transfers from two-year to four-year institutions have weathered the effects of the pandemic better than all other pathways. This has positive implications for the ongoing efforts to streamline the transfer process in an attempt increase enrollment and improve diversity amidst the pandemic. [For the second report in this series (Fall 2020 Final Report), see ED609897.]