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Introduction The use of new technology in planters is one of the most important factors in the advancement of agricultural science. In the present study, an electronic warning system has been designed and implemented to prevent large seeds from falling from the fall pipe into the ground groove. In this study, three types of corn, bean and soybean seeds have been used, using two laser and microwave sensors. Viewing and comparison of the two sensors and their performance in two conditions of medium and high sensitivity in both laboratory and field conditions were conducted. In this case, the differences between the two sensors in different sensitivities have been evaluated and compared. The performance of the sensors in seed count has also been studied and compared. According to the results obtained in both cases, the sensors performance was acceptable, and especially in the maximum sensitivity of the sensors, they were able to handle well the clogs created in different situations (clogging down or above the fall pipe or emptying the seed tank). Detect and alert in a timely manner. Also, the count of seeds in all three seed types was recorded with high accuracy compared to the actual number. Materials and Methods Three types of coarse seeds (corn, beans and soybeans) as well as two types of sensors (laser and microwave) with two levels of medium sensitivity and high sensitivity were used for the experiments. Laser sensors are one of the most precise instrumentation and industrial automation tools that use laser light to detect objects or even precise distances. The function of the microwave sensor is that the high frequency waves are transmitted when the power supply is connected. These waves are reflected back to the module receiver if they hit objects. The open waves in the module are multiplied by the frequency of transmission by the mixer and a low-output (IF) signal is generated. The output frequency is equal to the difference between the frequency of the transmitted and reflected waves caused by the Doppler effect. Based on this frequency, the presence of a moving object and its speed are detected. Experiments were carried out at both laboratory and field levels and in both moderate and high sensitivity modes using variable resistance mounted on the controller. The equivalent distance for each seed test is 100 meters, so twice for each seed in the laboratory and field level for each of the laser and microwave sensors in both high and medium sensitivity modes. In this system, in case of falling pipe clogging due to seed accumulation or mud under the falling pipe or other factors, an alert system (warning beep), along with the corresponding LED light, indicates a problem in the seed fall system and the operator alerts paying attention to the LED light (green or red) will detect the problem. Results and Discussion The results indicated that by installing a variable resistance inside the circuit, different sensors can be created in the sensors. Increasing the sensitivity of the sensor as much as possible can cause higher the efficiency of the sensor. In the two cases of medium and high resistance, sensors work with medium and high sensitivity. It works since both modes have been tested and the results have been satisfactory. The accuracy of counting and seed detection accuracy between two laser sensors and microwave sensors in two medium and high sensitivity modes were calculated and evaluated. The experiments in the laboratory showed that the difference in the number of seed count by laser sensor compared to the actual number in maize seed at medium and high sensitivity were 87.4% and 94.3%, respectively, in bean seeds 89.1% and 94.2%, respectively. And in soybean seed were 89.4% and 92.3%, respectively. Conclusion The developed embedded system can successfully check and announce the instantaneous state of three types of grain tested (corn, beans and soybeans) in the seed delivery tube of a hand single-row planter with visual cues (on or off LED lights) and audible signals (on or off the alarm), whenever there is a grain flow or no grain flow. Likewise, the developed system can show the blockage at the end of the seed delivery tube with visual indications of the green and red lights on or off and the alarm sound described in detail. These warnings are indications of a fall pipe failure or lack of grain flow in the grain measuring mechanism toward the opening groove and then into the ground. This type of detection alerts the operator in a timely manner by monitoring the status of the grains in the measuring system and ensuring that the grains are located in the ground.

Purpose: In January 2015, the Northwest Board of Cooperative Educational Services (NW BOCES) received a five-year Investing in Innovation (i3) grant to develop and implement the System for Educator Effectiveness Development (SEED) program--an innovative professional development (PD) system designed to provide geographically isolated educators an impactful tool to improve teacher effectiveness. The purpose of this report is to document the implementation and impact evaluation of the grant on educator and student outcomes. Methods: Twenty-one schools in rural areas, where obtaining PD can be a challenge, participated in SEED between 2015 and 2020. One school closed during the study period but the majority of its students transferred to other participating schools. Because SEED was a school-level intervention, the target population consisted of all principals, assistant principals, teachers, and students in the participating sites. Correlational designs were implemented to examine the relationships between teacher-level and school-level SEED participation and the outcomes of interest, such as (1) principal engagement in teacher professional growth, (2) teacher access to and use of evidence-based and up-to-date practices, (3) teacher implementation of practice learned from PD in the classroom. A quasi-experimental design (QED) using propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to examine difference in student achievement outcomes between the SEED schools and the matched non-SEED schools. Results: Correlational findings suggest that teachers who participated in SEED reported better outcomes compared to teachers who did not participate in SEED. Schools with high level of SEED participation had better outcomes compared to schools with low level of SEED participation. Findings of QED PSM design revealed that SEED had a statistically significant positive effect on one outcome measure (minority students' English language acquisition, or ELA) and marginally significant positive effects on four outcome measures (all related to English language acquisition and math outcomes among racial/ethnic minority and free and reduced-lunch, or FRL, students). Implications: Evaluation findings provided some positive and promising pieces of evidence to support SEED efficacy. Implementation findings suggest that the program was largely implemented with fidelity; yet, there are opportunities for improvement. Future research may consider replicating the program design and identify strategies to increase teacher participation at school level. Additional Materials: The following are appended: (1) SEED Evaluation: Technical Report; (2) Assessment of Fidelity of Implementation; and (3) Baseline Equivalence and Impact Analysis Outputs and Results.

The candidate crops for planetary food systems include: wheat, white and sweet potatoes, soybean, peanut, strawberry, dry bean including le ntil and pinto, radish, rice, lettuce, carrot, green onion, tomato, p eppers, spinach, and cabbage. Crops such as wheat, potatoes, soybean, peanut, dry bean, and rice can only be utilized after processing, while others are classified as ready-to-eat. To process foods in space, the food processing subsystem must be capable of producing a variety of nutritious, acceptable, and safe edible ingredients and food produ cts from pre-packaged and resupply foods as well as salad crops grown on the transit vehicle or other crops grown on planetary surfaces. D esigning, building, developing, and maintaining such a subsystem is b ound to many constraints and restrictions. The limited power supply, storage locations, variety of crops, crew time, need to minimize waste , and other equivalent system mass (ESM) parameters must be considere d in the selection of processing equipment and techniques.