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With support for employees via the Job Retention Scheme ending soon , David Walker and David Hossack discuss the options open to employers to try and avoid redundancies

Alert fatigue is a phenomenon experienced by workers in fields such as healthcare that require many devices working at the same time in the work environment. When the number of false alarms is high, workers typically experience fatigue and become desensitized to potentially meaningful alerts. This study aims to further explore alert fatigue and assess variables that may mitigate or influence alert fatigue in the common office worker. We explore if repeated alerting about email notifications, calendar reminders, software updates, etc. impacts performance on an alphabetization task. This task and the distracting alerts are meant to serve as an analog to the alerts healthcare providers commonly receive as they work in electronic medical records.

A study was conducted to explore the process of learning from television news and the relationship between audio and visual channels. The subjects, 82 undergraduate journalism majors enrolled in five newswriting classes, were randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Newscasts were recorded from evening newscasts aired by networks, and scripts were written in typical broadcast style. Video was edited to the audio to produce the strongest possible match between two channels. In one condition (high redundancy) all stories had redundant audio and video. In the second newscast (medium redundancy) half of the stories were covered by video that did not match the audio. The third condition (low redundancy) had video that did not match the audio in any of the stories. Two other conditions were created to provide baseline measures for single-channel recall. The audio from the high redundancy condition was played to one group and the video from the high redundancy condition was shown to another. Resulting data showed that close coordination between audio and video improved audio recall of television news stories and that redundancy aided story understanding and audio information recall. (DF)

A study was conducted to explore the process of learning from television news and the relationship between audio and visual channels. The subjects, 82 undergraduate journalism majors enrolled in five newswriting classes, were randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Newscasts were recorded from evening newscasts aired by networks, and scripts were written in typical broadcast style. Video was edited to the audio to produce the strongest possible match between two channels. In one condition (high redundancy) all stories had redundant audio and video. In the second newscast (medium redundancy) half of the stories were covered by video that did not match the audio. The third condition (low redundancy) had video that did not match the audio in any of the stories. Two other conditions were created to provide baseline measures for single-channel recall. The audio from the high redundancy condition was played to one group and the video from the high redundancy condition was shown to another. Resulting data showed that close coordination between audio and video improved audio recall of television news stories and that redundancy aided story understanding and audio information recall. (DF)

A study was conducted to explore the process of learning from television news and the relationship between audio and visual channels. The subjects, 82 undergraduate journalism majors enrolled in five newswriting classes, were randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Newscasts were recorded from evening newscasts aired by networks, and scripts were written in typical broadcast style. Video was edited to the audio to produce the strongest possible match between two channels. In one condition (high redundancy) all stories had redundant audio and video. In the second newscast (medium redundancy) half of the stories were covered by video that did not match the audio. The third condition (low redundancy) had video that did not match the audio in any of the stories. Two other conditions were created to provide baseline measures for single-channel recall. The audio from the high redundancy condition was played to one group and the video from the high redundancy condition was shown to another. Resulting data showed that close coordination between audio and video improved audio recall of television news stories and that redundancy aided story understanding and audio information recall. (DF)

A combinatorial batch code with redundancy $r$ and parameters $(n,k,m,t)$ can be represented as a system $C$ of $m$ (not necessarily distinct) subsets of an underlying $n$-element set $F$, so that each $k$-subset of $F$ can be covered by every $(m-r)$-subset $K$ of $C$ while taking no more than $t$ elements of $F$ with each set in $K$. The sum of the cardinalities of the sets in $C$ is the weight of the code. We focus on the case $t =1$, and determine the minimal weight for several ranges of the parameters. For certain parameter values, the existence of combinatorial batch codes with redundancy of specified maximum weight is related to the existence of graphs with a specified minimum girth.

This paper deals with the development of a reliability methodology to assess the consequences of using hardware, without failure analysis or corrective action, that has previously demonstrated that it did not perform per specification. The subject of this paper arose from the need to provide a detailed probabilistic analysis to calculate the change in probability of failures with respect to the base or non-failed hardware. The methodology used for the analysis is primarily based on principles of Monte Carlo simulation. The random variables in the analysis are: Maximum Time of Operation (MTO) and operation Time of each Unit (OTU) The failure of a unit is considered to happen if (OTU) is less than MTO for the Normal Operational Period (NOP) in which this unit is used. NOP as a whole uses a total of 4 units. Two cases are considered. in the first specialized scenario, the failure of any operation or system failure is considered to happen if any of the units used during the NOP fail. in the second specialized scenario, the failure of any operation or system failure is considered to happen only if any two of the units used during the MOP fail together. The probability of failure of the units and the system as a whole is determined for 3 kinds of systems - Perfect System, Imperfect System 1 and Imperfect System 2. in a Perfect System, the operation time of the failed unit is the same as that of the MTO. In an Imperfect System 1, the operation time of the failed unit is assumed as 1 percent of the MTO. In an Imperfect System 2, the operation time of the failed unit is assumed as zero. in addition, simulated operation time of failed units is assumed as 10 percent of the corresponding units before zero value. Monte Carlo simulation analysis is used for this study. Necessary software has been developed as part of this study to perform the reliability calculations. The results of the analysis showed that the predicted change in failure probability (P(sub F)) for the previously failed units is as high as 49 percent above the baseline (perfect system) for the worst case. The predicted change in system P(sub F) for the previously failed units is as high as 36% for single unit failure without any redundancy. For redundant systems, with dual unit failure, the predicted change in P(sub F) for the previously failed units is as high as 16%. These results will help management to make decisions regarding the consequences of using previously failed units without adequate failure analysis or corrective action.

This paper deals with the development of a reliability methodology to assess the consequences of using hardware, without failure analysis or corrective action, that has previously demonstrated that it did not perform per specification. The subject of this paper arose from the need to provide a detailed probabilistic analysis to calculate the change in probability of failures with respect to the base or non-failed hardware. The methodology used for the analysis is primarily based on principles of Monte Carlo simulation. The random variables in the analysis are: Maximum Time of Operation (MTO) and operation Time of each Unit (OTU) The failure of a unit is considered to happen if (OTU) is less than MTO for the Normal Operational Period (NOP) in which this unit is used. NOP as a whole uses a total of 4 units. Two cases are considered. in the first specialized scenario, the failure of any operation or system failure is considered to happen if any of the units used during the NOP fail. in the second specialized scenario, the failure of any operation or system failure is considered to happen only if any two of the units used during the MOP fail together. The probability of failure of the units and the system as a whole is determined for 3 kinds of systems - Perfect System, Imperfect System 1 and Imperfect System 2. in a Perfect System, the operation time of the failed unit is the same as that of the MTO. In an Imperfect System 1, the operation time of the failed unit is assumed as 1 percent of the MTO. In an Imperfect System 2, the operation time of the failed unit is assumed as zero. in addition, simulated operation time of failed units is assumed as 10 percent of the corresponding units before zero value. Monte Carlo simulation analysis is used for this study. Necessary software has been developed as part of this study to perform the reliability calculations. The results of the analysis showed that the predicted change in failure probability (P(sub F)) for the previously failed units is as high as 49 percent above the baseline (perfect system) for the worst case. The predicted change in system P(sub F) for the previously failed units is as high as 36% for single unit failure without any redundancy. For redundant systems, with dual unit failure, the predicted change in P(sub F) for the previously failed units is as high as 16%. These results will help management to make decisions regarding the consequences of using previously failed units without adequate failure analysis or corrective action.

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This article is from Frontiers in Genetics , volume 5 . Abstract The codon redundancy (“degeneracy”) found in protein-coding regions of mRNA also prescribes Translational Pausing (TP). When coupled with the appropriate interpreters, multiple meanings and functions are programmed into the same sequence of configurable switch-settings. This additional layer of Ontological Prescriptive Information (PIo) purposely slows or speeds up the translation-decoding process within the ribosome. Variable translation rates help prescribe functional folding of the nascent protein. Redundancy of the codon to amino acid mapping, therefore, is anything but superfluous or degenerate. Redundancy programming allows for simultaneous dual prescriptions of TP and amino acid assignments without cross-talk. This allows both functions to be coincident and realizable. We will demonstrate that the TP schema is a bona fide rule-based code, conforming to logical code-like properties. Second, we will demonstrate that this TP code is programmed into the supposedly degenerate redundancy of the codon table. We will show that algorithmic processes play a dominant role in the realization of this multi-dimensional code.

There is a mount to prevent stress on the solder-joints The contacts are protected. Simply screw it in a model

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The Bilateral Redundancy Gain (BRG) describes the phenomenon that stimuli presented bilaterally to both visual hemifields are processed faster and more accurately than stimuli that activate only the left or right hemisphere. Although word processing is strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere, the BRG has been found for meaningful content-words during a Lexical Decision Task (LDT), while the effect was absent for meaningless pseudowords. The findings indicate a cooperation of both hemispheres due to stronger cortical representations in word processing, which leads to enhanced performance in cases of simultaneous stimulation. The current experiment aims to investigate the effect of emotional content on the BRG. Since the results of previous experiments show evidence that emotions are predominantly processed in the right hemisphere and that emotional words are represented in a distributed manner across both hemispheres, we assume that the right hemisphere is more involved during emotional word- processing, compared to neutral word-processing. We therefore expect an additional gain in performance when emotional, instead of neutral words, are presented bilaterally. Besides the behavioral correlates in reaction time (faster) and accuracy (more accurate), previous EEG-studies found a stronger negativity for bilateral word presentation, compared to unilateral, after approximately 200 ms. This ERP was thus interpreted as electrophysiological correlate of the BRG. We aim to investigate, in accordance to the behavioral performance, if the change in amplitude in the bilateral condition is more pronounced for emotional, compared to neutral words. Words will be split into neutral as well as positively and negatively connotated words. We will test for effects of valence (positive versus negative words) but have no strong hypothesis in this regard. Based on some of our previous research, reaction times might be faster for positive than for negative words, while both should be faster than for neutral words. Based on the valence hypothesis of emotion, one might expect negative words to activate the right hemisphere more and positive words to activate the left hemisphere more but our primary hypothesis postulates that due to their rich association patterns emotional words, regardless of valence, are represented more bilaterally than neutral words resulting in a larger BRG and a more bilaterally distributed negative ERP. The experiment aims to a) replicate previous findings regarding the BRG for words but not for pseudowords and to b) investigate if additional gain increases further for emotionally (positively as well as negatively) connotated words. Participants will perform a LDT in which they have to respond by keypress whether a presented letter string was a meaningful German word or not. Presentation will include left visual field stimulation, right visual field stimulation and bilateral stimulation in a randomized fashion. During the experiment, the participants’ EEG will be recorded from 32 electrodes. Moreover, their eye-gaze will be monitored to ensure that central fixation is maintained and thus stimulus presentation is really peripheral to either or both visual fields

This document describes a bandwidth saving method for exporting Flow or packet information using the IP Flow Information eXport (IPFIX) protocol. As the Packet Sampling (PSAMP) protocol is based on IPFIX, these considerations are valid for PSAMP exports as well.

A talk at the jQuery UK conference how jQuery showed browser vendors how to make it easy for people to use JavaScript, how they listened and where we can go now. jQuery is not needed for everything - yet we use it for everything.

Redundant-channel system automatically corrects any single error in a set of three binary signal channels. This system is especially applicable to digital computers where data is transmitted in parallel channels.

I star the bulletin tonight by looking at the latest from the war in Ukraine, including Putin visiting Minsk and the possible implcations of it. The bulk of the episode thought is taken up with an examination of the strikes going on in Britain and why the labour party offers no way out for the working class. Outro is 'The Red Flag'

Hello and welcome to the 583rd installment of Linux in the Ham Shack. In this short topics episode, the hosts discuss European countries transitioning to Linux, the upcoming hurricane season, open source CRM solution Huly, Morse Maven, DragonLog and much more. Thanks for listening and have a great week. 73 de The LHS Crew

18-642 Lecture #33  Carnegie Mellon University, Fall 2021 Bellingham WA gasoline pipeline mishap; redundancy for availability; redundancy for fault detection; Ariane 5 Flight 501; fail operational; triplex modular redundancy (TMR) 2-of-3 pattern; dual 2-of-2 pattern; high-SIL Doer/Checker pattern; diagnostic effectiveness and proof tests

In the second of a series of podcasts on redundancy procedure, Innes Clark and David Hossack discuss how to consult on the business case in a redundancy exercise.

This article is from Nucleic Acids Research , volume 42 . Abstract Gene expression is controlled through the binding of transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory genomic regions. First introns are longer than other introns in multiple eukaryotic species and are under selective constraint. Here we explore the importance of first introns in TF binding in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by combining computational predictions and experimentally derived TF–DNA interaction data. We found that first introns of C. elegans genes, particularly those for families enriched in long first introns, are more conserved in length, have more conserved predicted TF interactions and are bound by more TFs than other introns. We detected a significant positive correlation between first intron size and the number of TF interactions obtained from chromatin immunoprecipitation assays or determined by yeast one-hybrid assays. TFs that bind first introns are largely different from those binding promoters, suggesting that the different interactions are complementary rather than redundant. By combining first intron and promoter interactions, we found that genes that share a large fraction of TF interactions are more likely to be co-expressed than when only TF interactions with promoters are considered. Altogether, our data suggest that C. elegans gene regulation may be additive through the combined effects of multiple regulatory regions.

A basic principle of multisensory research posits that our ability to make adaptive responses arises from the combined action of our senses in producing a coherent multimodal representation of the external world by exploiting redundancies. This beneficial multisensory phenomenon, called the “redundancy effect”, manifests behaviourally as faster responses when two redundant stimuli (from different senses) appear together, as compared to when a single stimulus appears. Despite extensive research has repeatedly shown this effect, it is not clear whether it is modulated by the individual’s level of alertness, and if so (as hypothesised), to what extent it affects early sensory integration or later perceptual processing. In this experiment, we will combine computational modelling and EEG to determine whether audio-tactile interactions occur via similar spatiotemporal neural mechanisms under reduced alertness.

By definition, redundancy has negative connotations: superfluous, unnecessarily surpassing the requirements to reach a goal, and wasteful. However, there is evidence across numerous disciplines suggesting that redundancy is crucial for maintaining the reliability and resilience of fault-prone systems. In distributed computing, redundancy increases robustness by maintaining a set of available nodes even when some are down. In ecology, redundancy preserves ecosystems despite environmental disruptions. In organizations such as hospitals, it improves safety and effectiveness. Here, we test whether redundancy plays a key role in maintaining efficiency and functionality in human teams. Because humans are prone to faults (e.g., errors in decision making, fatigue, illness, and quitting), redundancy can prevent single points of failure and increase the ability for a team to continue functioning. We will conduct a behavioral experiment on Prolific in which teams of 3, 4, 5, or 6 participants complete a simulated census game with 14 tasks. Each task involves three stages: calculating the average number of people per household, maximum household income, and total children’s commute distance to school. Teams will be incentivized to complete as many tasks as possible in a 5 minute work period (following discussion and training stages). We will additionally manipulate team structure and the presence of faults. In “pooled” teams, each participant will complete all three stages of the tasks they choose. In “reciprocal” teams, participants specialize in one stage of the task. In the fault condition, each participant will randomly be “out sick” for 60 seconds twice during the game. In the no-faults condition, participants will never be out sick. This yields a 4 (team size: 3, 4, 5, or 6 members) × 2 (team structure: pooled vs. reciprocal) × 2 (faults: present vs. absent) factorial design. We predict that smaller teams will be less resilient to faults than larger teams, and that team structure and the presence of faults will have overall main effects.

By definition, redundancy has negative connotations: superfluous, unnecessarily surpassing the requirements to reach a goal, and wasteful. However, there is evidence across numerous disciplines suggesting that redundancy is crucial for maintaining the reliability and resilience of fault-prone systems. In distributed computing, redundancy increases robustness by maintaining a set of available nodes even when some are down. In ecology, redundancy preserves ecosystems despite environmental disruptions. In organizations such as hospitals, it improves safety and effectiveness. Here, we test whether redundancy plays a key role in maintaining efficiency and functionality in human teams. Because humans are prone to faults (e.g., errors in decision making, fatigue, illness, and quitting), redundancy can prevent single points of failure and increase the ability for a team to continue functioning. We will conduct a behavioral experiment on Prolific in which teams of 3, 4, 5, or 6 participants complete a simulated census game with 14 tasks. Each task involves three stages: calculating the average number of people per household, maximum household income, and total children’s commute distance to school. Teams will be incentivized to complete as many tasks as possible in a 5 minute work period (following discussion and training stages). We will additionally manipulate team structure and the presence of faults. In “pooled” teams, each participant will complete all three stages of the tasks they choose. In “reciprocal” teams, participants specialize in one stage of the task. In the fault condition, each participant will randomly be “out sick” for 60 seconds twice during the game. In the no-faults condition, participants will never be out sick. This yields a 4 (team size: 3, 4, 5, or 6 members) × 2 (team structure: pooled vs. reciprocal) × 2 (faults: present vs. absent) factorial design. We predict that smaller teams will be less resilient to faults than larger teams, and that team structure and the presence of faults will have overall main effects.

By definition, redundancy has negative connotations: superfluous, unnecessarily surpassing the requirements to reach a goal, and wasteful. However, there is evidence across numerous disciplines suggesting that redundancy is crucial for maintaining the reliability and resilience of fault-prone systems. In distributed computing, redundancy increases robustness by maintaining a set of available nodes even when some are down. In ecology, redundancy preserves ecosystems despite environmental disruptions. In organizations such as hospitals, it improves safety and effectiveness. Here, we test whether redundancy plays a key role in maintaining efficiency and functionality in human teams. Because humans are prone to faults (e.g., errors in decision making, fatigue, illness, and quitting), redundancy can prevent single points of failure and increase the ability for a team to continue functioning. We will conduct a behavioral experiment on Prolific in which teams of 3, 4, 5, or 6 participants complete a simulated census game with 14 tasks. Each task involves three stages: calculating the average number of people per household, maximum household income, and total children’s commute distance to school. Teams will be incentivized to complete as many tasks as possible in a 5 minute work period (following discussion and training stages). We will additionally manipulate team structure and the presence of faults. In “pooled” teams, each participant will complete all three stages of the tasks they choose. In “reciprocal” teams, participants specialize in one stage of the task. In the fault condition, each participant will randomly be “out sick” for 60 seconds twice during the game. In the no-faults condition, participants will never be out sick. This yields a 4 (team size: 3, 4, 5, or 6 members) × 2 (team structure: pooled vs. reciprocal) × 2 (faults: present vs. absent) factorial design. We predict that smaller teams will be less resilient to faults than larger teams, and that team structure and the presence of faults will have overall main effects.

By definition, redundancy has negative connotations: superfluous, unnecessarily surpassing the requirements to reach a goal, and wasteful. However, there is evidence across numerous disciplines suggesting that redundancy is crucial for maintaining the reliability and resilience of fault-prone systems. In distributed computing, redundancy increases robustness by maintaining a set of available nodes even when some are down. In ecology, redundancy preserves ecosystems despite environmental disruptions. In organizations such as hospitals, it improves safety and effectiveness. Here, we test whether redundancy plays a key role in maintaining efficiency and functionality in human teams. Because humans are prone to faults (e.g., errors in decision making, fatigue, illness, and quitting), redundancy can prevent single points of failure and increase the ability for a team to continue functioning. We will conduct a behavioral experiment on Prolific in which teams of 3, 4, 5, or 6 participants complete a simulated census game with 14 tasks. Each task involves three stages: calculating the average number of people per household, maximum household income, and total children’s commute distance to school. Teams will be incentivized to complete as many tasks as possible in a 5 minute work period (following discussion and training stages). We will additionally manipulate team structure and the presence of faults. In “pooled” teams, each participant will complete all three stages of the tasks they choose. In “reciprocal” teams, participants specialize in one stage of the task. In the fault condition, each participant will randomly be “out sick” for 60 seconds twice during the game. In the no-faults condition, participants will never be out sick. This yields a 4 (team size: 3, 4, 5, or 6 members) × 2 (team structure: pooled vs. reciprocal) × 2 (faults: present vs. absent) factorial design. We predict that smaller teams will be less resilient to faults than larger teams, and that team structure and the presence of faults will have overall main effects.

By definition, redundancy has negative connotations: superfluous, unnecessarily surpassing the requirements to reach a goal, and wasteful. However, there is evidence across numerous disciplines suggesting that redundancy is crucial for maintaining the reliability and resilience of fault-prone systems. In distributed computing, redundancy increases robustness by maintaining a set of available nodes even when some are down. In ecology, redundancy preserves ecosystems despite environmental disruptions. In organizations such as hospitals, it improves safety and effectiveness. Here, we test whether redundancy plays a key role in maintaining efficiency and functionality in human teams. Because humans are prone to faults (e.g., errors in decision making, fatigue, illness, and quitting), redundancy can prevent single points of failure and increase the ability for a team to continue functioning. We will conduct a behavioral experiment on Prolific in which teams of 3, 4, 5, or 6 participants complete a simulated census game with 14 tasks. Each task involves three stages: calculating the average number of people per household, maximum household income, and total children’s commute distance to school. Teams will be incentivized to complete as many tasks as possible in a 5 minute work period (following discussion and training stages). We will additionally manipulate team structure and the presence of faults. In “pooled” teams, each participant will complete all three stages of the tasks they choose. In “reciprocal” teams, participants specialize in one stage of the task. In the fault condition, each participant will randomly be “out sick” for 60 seconds twice during the game. In the no-faults condition, participants will never be out sick. This yields a 4 (team size: 3, 4, 5, or 6 members) × 2 (team structure: pooled vs. reciprocal) × 2 (faults: present vs. absent) factorial design. We predict that smaller teams will be less resilient to faults than larger teams, and that team structure and the presence of faults will have overall main effects.

Improved reliability of digital systems through logical redundancy techniques

In the fourth episode of our redundancy procedure podcast series, Innes Clark and David Hossack discuss the do's and don'ts of a redundancy selection matrix.

Research on channel coding for network transmission using polar codes has produced excellent results. By removing error redundancy from the decoding process, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is frequently used by researchers to increase a system’s performance. In prior research, the application of decoder algorithms for polar codes was examined but not thoroughly compared. For the general capabilities of the previously proposed algorithms to be ascertained, it is crucial to analyze the employment of polar decoders especially successive cancellation (SC)-based polar decoders and the use of CRC in additive white gaussian noise (AWGN). Hence, this paper analyzes the performance of CRC with SC-based polar decoders in AWGN. In the simulation setup, (256,128) polar codes and CRCs with three-bit sizes (6, 8, and 11) were utilized. SC-based polar decoders, such as SC, soft-output cancellation, SC list (SCL) and simplified SC, were applied at the decoder part. The outcomes show that CRC-aided SC-based polar decoders reduced redundancy error. Among all the decoders, the SCL decoder with 11-bits CRC performed well when the normalized signal-to-noise ratio was high. Based on the analysis, removing errors at the highest level is possible using a suitable CRC size for SC-based polar decoders. 

Research on channel coding for network transmission using polar codes has produced excellent results. By removing error redundancy from the decoding process, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is frequently used by researchers to increase a system’s performance. In prior research, the application of decoder algorithms for polar codes was examined but not thoroughly compared. For the general capabilities of the previously proposed algorithms to be ascertained, it is crucial to analyze the employment of polar decoders especially successive cancellation (SC)-based polar decoders and the use of CRC in additive white gaussian noise (AWGN). Hence, this paper analyzes the performance of CRC with SC-based polar decoders in AWGN. In the simulation setup, (256,128) polar codes and CRCs with three-bit sizes (6, 8, and 11) were utilized. SC-based polar decoders, such as SC, soft-output cancellation, SC list (SCL) and simplified SC, were applied at the decoder part. The outcomes show that CRC-aided SC-based polar decoders reduced redundancy error. Among all the decoders, the SCL decoder with 11-bits CRC performed well when the normalized signal-to-noise ratio was high. Based on the analysis, removing errors at the highest level is possible using a suitable CRC size for SC-based polar decoders. 

A hypothetical turbofan engine simplified simulation with a multivariable control and sensor failure detection, isolation, and accommodation logic (HYTESS II) is presented. The digital program, written in FORTRAN, is self-contained, efficient, realistic and easily used. Simulated engine dynamics were developed from linearized operating point models. However, essential nonlinear effects are retained. The simulation is representative of the hypothetical, low bypass ratio turbofan engine with an advanced control and failure detection logic. Included is a description of the engine dynamics, the control algorithm, and the sensor failure detection logic. Details of the simulation including block diagrams, variable descriptions, common block definitions, subroutine descriptions, and input requirements are given. Example simulation results are also presented.

This article is from BMC Systems Biology , volume 7 . Abstract Background: Assessment of potential allergenicity of protein is necessary whenever transgenic proteins are introduced into the food chain. Bioinformatics approaches in allergen prediction have evolved appreciably in recent years to increase sophistication and performance. However, what are the critical features for protein's allergenicity have been not fully investigated yet. Results: We presented a more comprehensive model in 128 features space for allergenic proteins prediction by integrating various properties of proteins, such as biochemical and physicochemical properties, sequential features and subcellular locations. The overall accuracy in the cross-validation reached 93.42% to 100% with our new method. Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (mRMR) method and Incremental Feature Selection (IFS) procedure were applied to obtain which features are essential for allergenicity. Results of the performance comparisons showed the superior of our method to the existing methods used widely. More importantly, it was observed that the features of subcellular locations and amino acid composition played major roles in determining the allergenicity of proteins, particularly extracellular/cell surface and vacuole of the subcellular locations for wheat and soybean. To facilitate the allergen prediction, we implemented our computational method in a web application, which can be available at http://gmobl.sjtu.edu.cn/PREAL/index.php. Conclusions: Our new approach could improve the accuracy of allergen prediction. And the findings may provide novel insights for the mechanism of allergies.

There has been developed a mathematical model of the account of influence ageing information on its truth in control systems and also it is taken into account correlation communications between consecutive data inputs. There has been received a mathematical dependences of the account of influence ageing information and correlation communications by parallel-successive information redundancy of sources information of fire alarm systems. 

Results from the 2001 Retrenchment and Redundancy survey

Results from the 2001 Retrenchment and Redundancy survey

Results from the 2001 Retrenchment and Redundancy survey

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This document specifies an Inter-Chassis Communication Protocol (ICCP) that enables Provider Edge (PE) device redundancy for Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) and Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) applications. The protocol runs within a set of two or more PEs, forming a Redundancy Group, for the purpose of synchronizing data among the systems. It accommodates multi-chassis attachment circuit redundancy mechanisms as well as pseudowire redundancy mechanisms.

This document specifies an Inter-Chassis Communication Protocol (ICCP) that enables Provider Edge (PE) device redundancy for Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) and Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) applications. The protocol runs within a set of two or more PEs, forming a Redundancy Group, for the purpose of synchronizing data among the systems. It accommodates multi-chassis attachment circuit redundancy mechanisms as well as pseudowire redundancy mechanisms.

This document specifies an Inter-Chassis Communication Protocol (ICCP) that enables Provider Edge (PE) device redundancy for Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) and Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) applications. The protocol runs within a set of two or more PEs, forming a Redundancy Group, for the purpose of synchronizing data among the systems. It accommodates multi-chassis attachment circuit redundancy mechanisms as well as pseudowire redundancy mechanisms.

This document specifies an Inter-Chassis Communication Protocol (ICCP) that enables Provider Edge (PE) device redundancy for Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) and Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) applications. The protocol runs within a set of two or more PEs, forming a Redundancy Group, for the purpose of synchronizing data among the systems. It accommodates multi-chassis attachment circuit redundancy mechanisms as well as pseudowire redundancy mechanisms.

In this week's podcast, David Hossack and Elise Turner discuss the current protections for those on maternity leave in redundancy situations and what steps employers can take to prepare for the changes which are expected to come into force.

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