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Under research conducted by Montana State University and the University of Colorado, several optical coherent transient (OCT) devices was developed and demonstrated, including pulse shaping, arbitrary waveform generation, optical spectral filtering, time integrating correlator, Doppler shifted arrays, and optical beam scanning. OCT's are particularly well suited for RF photonic processing because of their large bandwidths (tens to hundreds of 6Hz), spectral resolution well below a MHz, and time-bandwidth products (TBP) greater than 106. The advancement of OCT technologies is dependent on the development of supporting technologies. Under this grant, several supporting technologies were developed and demonstrated, including high efficiency OCT programming, tapered semi-conductor amplifiers at 793nm, cascaded injection locked amplifiers at 793nm, and frequency chirped lasers at 793nm.

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

Groundwater intrusion through a building's foundation (i.e., a "wet basement problem") can cause serious damage that is expensive to correct. In older buildings, such as those common on U.S. Army installations, severe damp-basement problems call for immediate action to mitigate water damage. Electro-osmotic pulse (EOP) technology offers an alternative to the "trench and drain" approach that can mitigate some water-related problems from the interior of affected areas without the cost of excavation. The EOP alternative can further mitigate corrosion damage to mechanical equipment along with humidity and mold problems. This study demonstrated and document the effectiveness of EOP technology to control groundwater intrusion in concrete structures at Fort Jackson, SC and McAlester Army Ammunition Plant (AAP), OK. The cost of installation was determined to be 40 percent lower than the cost of the conventional trench and drain approach. The operating or energy cost of the EOP system was shown to be negligible - equivalent to the expenditure of burning a 60W light bulb.

The earth covered magazines (ECMs) at many Army installations have severe moisture intrusion problems. This water intrusion causes deterioration and corrosion of ammunition and equipment within the ECMs, making many types of ordinance unusable, including sensitive munitions with sophisticated electronic fusing and missiles. The Engineer Research and Development Center Construction Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) was contacted by the Ft. A.P. Hill DPW to assist in solving the severe water intrusion problem in steel arch ECMs at that location. To address the problem ERDC-CERL recommended installing Electro- Osmotic Pulse (EOP). Prior to installing the EOP system in an ECM, several safety concerns needed to be addressed, such as the interaction of the EOP system with the ECM lightning protection system, the potential for hydrogen gas generation by the EOP system, and the effects on munitions. To evaluate those concerns, ERDC-CERL performed laboratory testing of a model steel arch ECM with an EOP system installed in it. Scale model results were positive and testing in a full scale ECM at Fort A.P. Hill is proceeding.

Power devices made on Silicon Carbide (SiC) are expected to offer significant advantages over silicon due to the unique material properties. With the continuing improvement in both material quality (defect density and carrier lifetime) and SiC device fabrication process, SiC power devices are increasingly fabricated with higher blocking rating and larger die size. This paper describes the benefits of using SiC Gate Turn-Off thyristors (GTO) in power electronics, especially for pulse power applications, reviews the development history and the current state of the art, and outlines the future perspective for developing large area GTOs with high blocking voltage of 10 kV. Experimental results for the state-of-the-art 9 kV, 1 cm2 SiC GTOs are presented. Static and dynamic characteristics are described. A forward drop of 3.7 V at 100 A (100 A/cm2) is measured at 25 deg C. A slight positive temperature coefficient of the forward drop is present at 300 A/cm2 indicating the possibility of paralleling multiple devices for higher current capability. The device exhibits extremely low leakage currents at high temperatures. The turn-on delay is found to be a strong function of the gate current, cathode-anode current and voltage. A peak current of 12.8 kA conducted with a pulse width of 17.4 gs indicating the superiority of the SiC GTOs for pulse power applications.

Power devices made on Silicon Carbide (SiC) are expected to offer significant advantages over silicon due to the unique material properties. With the continuing improvement in both material quality (defect density and carrier lifetime) and SiC device fabrication process, SiC power devices are increasingly fabricated with higher blocking rating and larger die size. This paper describes the benefits of using SiC Gate Turn-Off thyristors (GTO) in power electronics, especially for pulse power applications, reviews the development history and the current state of the art, and outlines the future perspective for developing large area GTOs with high blocking voltage of 10 kV. Experimental results for the state-of-the-art 9 kV, 1 cm2 SiC GTOs are presented. Static and dynamic characteristics are described. A forward drop of 3.7 V at 100 A (100 A/cm2) is measured at 25 deg C. A slight positive temperature coefficient of the forward drop is present at 300 A/cm2 indicating the possibility of paralleling multiple devices for higher current capability. The device exhibits extremely low leakage currents at high temperatures. The turn-on delay is found to be a strong function of the gate current, cathode-anode current and voltage. A peak current of 12.8 kA conducted with a pulse width of 17.4 gs indicating the superiority of the SiC GTOs for pulse power applications.

Innovation Technology. Apparently it’s the latest thing in Hong Kong. The Chief Executive spent three years pushing to set up the Innovation and Technology Bureau.. Now that he’s succeeded, he immediately earmarked plenty of government funds to support it. While some welcome this financing, others say that technological innovation is about more than money and that the government still isn’t developing policies to nurture talent or to provide an environment that encourages the development of these technologies. In part two, we’ll be talking to the new Secretary for Innovation and Technology Nicholas Yang. But to start up this week: start-ups. As part of the financial support for Innovation and Technology the Chief Executive is creating a HK$2 billion Innovation and Technology Venture Fund to encourage private capital to support start-ups by providing matching cash. Another HK$2 billion has been set aside for the bureau to support universities carrying out applied research projects. Then there’s another HK$200 million for a fund for communication technology start-ups in Cyberport. And there’s another HK$500 million for an Innovation and Technology Fund for Better Living The government’s also been spending money on a week-long Startmeup Festival, but if you’re not one of the favoured few, don’t expect an invite. It’s not open to the public. In part one we talked about some of the challenges start-ups face. But how does Hong Kong cope with already successful and innovative companies? The government invited technology companies like Uber and Tesla Motors to come and invest in Hong Kong, but since they got here they haven’t exactly been finding a welcome. The new Secretary for Innovation and Technology, Nicholas Yang has told the world that he met Steve Jobs, he really did. Well this week, he also really met me the other lesser known Steve and The Pulse team.

Innovation Technology. Apparently it’s the latest thing in Hong Kong. The Chief Executive spent three years pushing to set up the Innovation and Technology Bureau.. Now that he’s succeeded, he immediately earmarked plenty of government funds to support it. While some welcome this financing, others say that technological innovation is about more than money and that the government still isn’t developing policies to nurture talent or to provide an environment that encourages the development of these technologies. In part two, we’ll be talking to the new Secretary for Innovation and Technology Nicholas Yang. But to start up this week: start-ups. As part of the financial support for Innovation and Technology the Chief Executive is creating a HK$2 billion Innovation and Technology Venture Fund to encourage private capital to support start-ups by providing matching cash. Another HK$2 billion has been set aside for the bureau to support universities carrying out applied research projects. Then there’s another HK$200 million for a fund for communication technology start-ups in Cyberport. And there’s another HK$500 million for an Innovation and Technology Fund for Better Living The government’s also been spending money on a week-long Startmeup Festival, but if you’re not one of the favoured few, don’t expect an invite. It’s not open to the public. In part one we talked about some of the challenges start-ups face. But how does Hong Kong cope with already successful and innovative companies? The government invited technology companies like Uber and Tesla Motors to come and invest in Hong Kong, but since they got here they haven’t exactly been finding a welcome. The new Secretary for Innovation and Technology, Nicholas Yang has told the world that he met Steve Jobs, he really did. Well this week, he also really met me the other lesser known Steve and The Pulse team.

Innovation Technology. Apparently it’s the latest thing in Hong Kong. The Chief Executive spent three years pushing to set up the Innovation and Technology Bureau.. Now that he’s succeeded, he immediately earmarked plenty of government funds to support it. While some welcome this financing, others say that technological innovation is about more than money and that the government still isn’t developing policies to nurture talent or to provide an environment that encourages the development of these technologies. In part two, we’ll be talking to the new Secretary for Innovation and Technology Nicholas Yang. But to start up this week: start-ups. As part of the financial support for Innovation and Technology the Chief Executive is creating a HK$2 billion Innovation and Technology Venture Fund to encourage private capital to support start-ups by providing matching cash. Another HK$2 billion has been set aside for the bureau to support universities carrying out applied research projects. Then there’s another HK$200 million for a fund for communication technology start-ups in Cyberport. And there’s another HK$500 million for an Innovation and Technology Fund for Better Living The government’s also been spending money on a week-long Startmeup Festival, but if you’re not one of the favoured few, don’t expect an invite. It’s not open to the public. In part one we talked about some of the challenges start-ups face. But how does Hong Kong cope with already successful and innovative companies? The government invited technology companies like Uber and Tesla Motors to come and invest in Hong Kong, but since they got here they haven’t exactly been finding a welcome. The new Secretary for Innovation and Technology, Nicholas Yang has told the world that he met Steve Jobs, he really did. Well this week, he also really met me the other lesser known Steve and The Pulse team.

A promising method for the detection of UHE neutrinos is the Lunar Cherenkov technique, which utilises Earth-based radio telescopes to detect the coherent Cherenkov radiation emitted when a UHE neutrino interacts in the outer layers of the Moon. The LUNASKA project aims to overcome the technological limitations of past experiments to utilise the next generation of radio telescopes in the search for these elusive particles. To take advantage of broad-bandwidth data from potentially thousands of antennas requires advances in signal processing technology. Here we describe recent developments in this field and their application in the search for UHE neutrinos, from a preliminary experiment using the first stage of an upgrade to the Australia Telescope Compact Array, to possibilities for fully utilising the completed Square Kilometre Array. We also explore a new real time technique for characterising ionospheric pulse dispersion which specifically measures ionospheric electron content that is line of sight to the moon.

This article is from Medical Devices (Auckland, N.Z.) , volume 7 . Abstract Oxygen saturation in the arterial blood (SaO2) provides information on the adequacy of respiratory function. SaO2 can be assessed noninvasively by pulse oximetry, which is based on photoplethysmographic pulses in two wavelengths, generally in the red and infrared regions. The calibration of the measured photoplethysmographic signals is performed empirically for each type of commercial pulse-oximeter sensor, utilizing in vitro measurement of SaO2 in extracted arterial blood by means of co-oximetry. Due to the discrepancy between the measurement of SaO2 by pulse oximetry and the invasive technique, the former is denoted as SpO2. Manufacturers of pulse oximeters generally claim an accuracy of 2%, evaluated by the standard deviation (SD) of the differences between SpO2 and SaO2, measured simultaneously in healthy subjects. However, an SD of 2% reflects an expected error of 4% (two SDs) or more in 5% of the examinations, which is in accordance with an error of 3%–4%, reported in clinical studies. This level of accuracy is sufficient for the detection of a significant decline in respiratory function in patients, and pulse oximetry has been accepted as a reliable technique for that purpose. The accuracy of SpO2 measurement is insufficient in several situations, such as critically ill patients receiving supplemental oxygen, and can be hazardous if it leads to elevated values of oxygen partial pressure in blood. In particular, preterm newborns are vulnerable to retinopathy of prematurity induced by high oxygen concentration in the blood. The low accuracy of SpO2 measurement in critically ill patients and newborns can be attributed to the empirical calibration process, which is performed on healthy volunteers. Other limitations of pulse oximetry include the presence of dyshemoglobins, which has been addressed by multiwavelength pulse oximetry, as well as low perfusion and motion artifacts that are partially rectified by sophisticated algorithms and also by reflection pulse oximetry.

Last week, the Legislative Council‘s Finance Committee, dominated by pro-government legislators, approved a long-cherished and much delayed initiative of Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying, the Innovation and Technology Bureau. With us in the studio are Charles Mok, legislator for the Innovation Technology functional constituency and Jimmy Wong, member of Frontline Tech Workers, which opposes the setting up of the bureau. The Territory-wide System Assessment, or TSA, was not designed to do this but has ended up putting a great deal of pressure on primary school children who are subjected to the tests at both Primary Three and Primary Six level. Schools push their students hard to perform well to ensure that the schools’ reputation remains intact. Parents and educators have formed a concern group and issued an open letter to the Secretary for Education Eddie Ng, asking the government to reduce the TSA’s negative impact on children. They’ve also taken to social media. Last Sunday’s general election in Myanmar is in some ways a repeat of the stunning victory achieved in 1990 by the opposition National League for Democracy, led by Aung San Suu Kyi. However this time it seems that the people’s mandate will be honored by the successors of the military junta who overruled that election with a reign of oppression. About 30 million people were eligible to vote with a turnout was estimated at about 80%. Missing were hundreds of thousands of Muslim Rohingya people, classified by Myanmar as stateless Bengali Muslims from Bangladesh. Most are denied citizenship and have no right to vote and, incidentally, have also been ignored by the victorious NLD.

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The pulse generator which has been implemented in the pulse electric field (PEF) treatment system for food processing is worth to be highlighted and improved. It is parallel with the advancement in semiconductor technology, which offers robust and accurate devices. This research is an effort to produce a low cost, compact and reliable pulse generator as well as equipped with a pulse width modulation (PWM) method for wide selection of frequency and duty cycle. The result shows that the simulation process has proven the theoretical concept to be right and yields the desired outcome based on the designed values. Then, the actual printed circuit board (PCB) has been fabricated to obtain practical results which intended to be compared with the simulation outcomes. Concerning the frequency and its duty cycle, both parameters can be altered without affecting each other. It means by changing the frequency, duty cycle remains the same and vice versa. Thus, this proposed pulse generator achieves its objective and fits to be implemented in PEF treatment technology. It also can replace the conventional pulse forming network (PFN) which is bulky and costly.

The pulse generator which has been implemented in the pulse electric field (PEF) treatment system for food processing is worth to be highlighted and improved. It is parallel with the advancement in semiconductor technology, which offers robust and accurate devices. This research is an effort to produce a low cost, compact and reliable pulse generator as well as equipped with a pulse width modulation (PWM) method for wide selection of frequency and duty cycle. The result shows that the simulation process has proven the theoretical concept to be right and yields the desired outcome based on the designed values. Then, the actual printed circuit board (PCB) has been fabricated to obtain practical results which intended to be compared with the simulation outcomes. Concerning the frequency and its duty cycle, both parameters can be altered without affecting each other. It means by changing the frequency, duty cycle remains the same and vice versa. Thus, this proposed pulse generator achieves its objective and fits to be implemented in PEF treatment technology. It also can replace the conventional pulse forming network (PFN) which is bulky and costly.

The pulse generator which has been implemented in the pulse electric field (PEF) treatment system for food processing is worth to be highlighted and improved. It is parallel with the advancement in semiconductor technology, which offers robust and accurate devices. This research is an effort to produce a low cost, compact and reliable pulse generator as well as equipped with a pulse width modulation (PWM) method for wide selection of frequency and duty cycle. The result shows that the simulation process has proven the theoretical concept to be right and yields the desired outcome based on the designed values. Then, the actual printed circuit board (PCB) has been fabricated to obtain practical results which intended to be compared with the simulation outcomes. Concerning the frequency and its duty cycle, both parameters can be altered without affecting each other. It means by changing the frequency, duty cycle remains the same and vice versa. Thus, this proposed pulse generator achieves its objective and fits to be implemented in PEF treatment technology. It also can replace the conventional pulse forming network (PFN) which is bulky and costly.

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

This article is from Scientific Reports , volume 4 . Abstract The aim of this randomized double-blind study was to evaluate in healthy adult subjects, with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), long lasting changes in brain activation patterns following administration of a single, 250 milliseconds pulse emitted with radio-electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology in the Wi-Fi bands. The REAC impulse was not administered during the scan, but after this, according to a protocol that has previously been demonstrated to be effective in improving motor control and postural balance, in healthy subjects and patients. The study was conducted on 33 healthy volunteers, performed with a 1.5 T unit while operating a motor block task involving cyclical and alternating flexion and extension of one leg. Subsequently subjects were randomly divided into a treatment and a sham treatment control group. Repeated fMRI examinations were performed following the administration of the REAC pulse or sham treatment. The Treated group showed cerebellar and ponto-mesencephalic activation components that disappeared in the second scan, while these activation components persisted in the Sham group. This study shows that a very weak signal, such as 250 milliseconds Wi-Fi pulse, administered with REAC technology, could lead to lasting effects on brain activity modification.

This article is from Scientific Reports , volume 4 . Abstract The aim of this randomized double-blind study was to evaluate in healthy adult subjects, with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), long lasting changes in brain activation patterns following administration of a single, 250 milliseconds pulse emitted with radio-electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology in the Wi-Fi bands. The REAC impulse was not administered during the scan, but after this, according to a protocol that has previously been demonstrated to be effective in improving motor control and postural balance, in healthy subjects and patients. The study was conducted on 33 healthy volunteers, performed with a 1.5 T unit while operating a motor block task involving cyclical and alternating flexion and extension of one leg. Subsequently subjects were randomly divided into a treatment and a sham treatment control group. Repeated fMRI examinations were performed following the administration of the REAC pulse or sham treatment. The Treated group showed cerebellar and ponto-mesencephalic activation components that disappeared in the second scan, while these activation components persisted in the Sham group. This study shows that a very weak signal, such as 250 milliseconds Wi-Fi pulse, administered with REAC technology, could lead to lasting effects on brain activity modification.

This article is from Scientific Reports , volume 4 . Abstract The aim of this randomized double-blind study was to evaluate in healthy adult subjects, with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), long lasting changes in brain activation patterns following administration of a single, 250 milliseconds pulse emitted with radio-electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology in the Wi-Fi bands. The REAC impulse was not administered during the scan, but after this, according to a protocol that has previously been demonstrated to be effective in improving motor control and postural balance, in healthy subjects and patients. The study was conducted on 33 healthy volunteers, performed with a 1.5 T unit while operating a motor block task involving cyclical and alternating flexion and extension of one leg. Subsequently subjects were randomly divided into a treatment and a sham treatment control group. Repeated fMRI examinations were performed following the administration of the REAC pulse or sham treatment. The Treated group showed cerebellar and ponto-mesencephalic activation components that disappeared in the second scan, while these activation components persisted in the Sham group. This study shows that a very weak signal, such as 250 milliseconds Wi-Fi pulse, administered with REAC technology, could lead to lasting effects on brain activity modification.

This article is from Scientific Reports , volume 4 . Abstract The aim of this randomized double-blind study was to evaluate in healthy adult subjects, with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), long lasting changes in brain activation patterns following administration of a single, 250 milliseconds pulse emitted with radio-electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology in the Wi-Fi bands. The REAC impulse was not administered during the scan, but after this, according to a protocol that has previously been demonstrated to be effective in improving motor control and postural balance, in healthy subjects and patients. The study was conducted on 33 healthy volunteers, performed with a 1.5 T unit while operating a motor block task involving cyclical and alternating flexion and extension of one leg. Subsequently subjects were randomly divided into a treatment and a sham treatment control group. Repeated fMRI examinations were performed following the administration of the REAC pulse or sham treatment. The Treated group showed cerebellar and ponto-mesencephalic activation components that disappeared in the second scan, while these activation components persisted in the Sham group. This study shows that a very weak signal, such as 250 milliseconds Wi-Fi pulse, administered with REAC technology, could lead to lasting effects on brain activity modification.

The United States is not only engaged in a trade war with the People’s Republic of China, the two nations are also vying for supremacy in technology and telecommunications. “Made in China 2025” is a state sponsored strategy to make the nation a major competitor in advanced manufacturing, a sector currently dominated by high-income, developed countries such as United States. The U.S. which currently tops the world in artificial intelligence, supercomputers, patent applications, aerospace and other technological innovations, sees this as a threat. One of the fallouts of this competition seems to be the recent arrest of a high ranking Chinese telecommunications executive in Canada at the request of the United States. With me are David Zweig, Director of the Centre on China’s Transnational Relations at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and William Nee, China researcher at Amnesty International Last month, Chinese scientist He Jiankui announced the birth of the world’s first “designer babies”, Lulu and Nana. He had, he said, modified their genetic make-up before birth to reduce their chances of contracting HIV from their parents. Despite a global outcry, Dr He said, before disappearing from sight, that he is proud of his work. The technology he used is called Crispr, a genetic engineering technique that has raised fears, ethical issues and many unanswered questions.

Electro-Osmotic Pulse Technology stops water intrusion through concrete. Water can enter a structure via seepage or through joints and cracks. Electrodes are installed in the concrete and the adjacent soil. A small voltage (up to 30 VDC) is applied between the electrodes producing an electric field across the concrete. The electric field promotes cation, anion, and water molecule movement within the concrete; creates counterflow and associated pressure that opposes seepage; pulse technology allows some moisture to be retained within the concrete preventing overdrying.

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

In below-grade buildings and buried structures, such as hardened secure facilities used for munitions storage on U.S. Army installations, water intrusion can cause serious structural damage and destroy stored materiel. Standing water and high humidity inside the structures can interfere with operation of mission-critical equipment, corrode structural steel, and promote the growth of noxious molds. Electro-Osmotic Pulse (EOP) technology can reverse below-grade water intrusion through concrete pores. It has been success-fully installed in military infrastructure ranging from family housing to steel-reinforced deep structures and tunnels. EOP has been shown to prevent below-grade moisture seepage through concrete and keep interior concrete spaces at or below 50 percent relative humidity. This project demonstrated the use of EOP technology to stop water intrusion into earth-covered ammunition magazines at Fort A.P. Hill, VA. This report describes the project objectives, equipment acquisition, setup, and system initialization. Preliminary observations of operation and lessons learned are presented.

Hays Hall, headquarters for the U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division, has had a severe moisture intrusion problem since it was con-structed, with large volumes of water seeping through concrete walls and floors of the basement. The year after the building under-went acceptance commissioning, the basement flooded to a depth of 4 ft, and $200,000 worth of electronics and communications equipment was destroyed by water damage and severe corrosion. Sump pumps were installed to mitigate the water intrusion problem, but during the rainy season each spring the pumps have been unable to completely eliminate water inflow. The basement still floods to a depth of several inches during heavy rains. One of the pumps had to be replaced after less than half its expected service life. To address these continuing problems, an electro-osmotic pulse (EOP) system was installed in the basement of Hays Hall during the first and second quarters of Fiscal Year 2006. The system was activated in June 2006, and the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center is monitoring long-term effectiveness of the system to prevent flooding of the basement. To date the EOP system is successfully preventing water intrusion and is keeping the interior walls and floors dry.

Propulsion systems based on the pulsed detonation cycle offer the potential to provide increased performance while simultaneously reducing engine weight, cost, and complexity, relative to conventional propulsion systems currently in service. The increased performance potential is due to the high thermodynamic efficiency of detonation combustion. The near constant volume heat addition process of the detonation cycle, along with the lack of a compression cycle lend to the high efficiency and specific impulse, simplicity, and low-cost of pulse detonation propulsion systems. Pulse detonation Engines (PDEs) have the potential for operation at speeds ranging from static to high-supersonic (M5), with competitive efficiencies enabling supersonic operation beyond conventional gas turbine engine technology. Currently, no single engine cycle exists that has such a broad range of operability. Pulse Detonation Rocket Engines (PDREs) have the potential to drastically reduce the cost of upper stage and orbit-transfer propulsion systems, and are also attractive for lunar and planetary exploration, and landers and excursion vehicles that require throttling for soft landing. This report discusses the thermodynamic basis of pulse detonation propulsion technology and identifies the major technology initiatives currently underway in the United States.

The project has demonstrated that ultra-short, high-field pulses are a useful tool for study of cellular physiology, and a potential therapeutic instrument for malignant cells. The research has established that intracellular effects including apoptosis can be induced by the application of short, intense (but low total energy) electric pulses. Experiments on human cells have produced convincing evidence that these applied fields nondestructively alter subcellular processes and can be investigated using biophotonic studies for imaging of morphological and functional changes at subcellular levels. The results suggest a promising pathway toward achieving the ultimate goal of selectively disabling tumor or other undesirable cells. In addition to demonstrating that ultrashort pulses have potentially important applications for cell and cancer biology investigations, and for understanding the application of pulsed fields to living matter, these results demonstrate that an effective and productive multidisciplinary collaboration between science, engineering, medicine and biology has been created. nanosecond high-field electric pulse electrnpenturbaUon, electroporation, pulse-Induced phospholipid translocation, nanoelecfropuls%

The project has demonstrated that ultra-short, high-field pulses are a useful tool for study of cellular physiology, and a potential therapeutic instrument for malignant cells. The research has established that intracellular effects including apoptosis can be induced by the application of short, intense (but low total energy) electric pulses. Experiments on human cells have produced convincing evidence that these applied fields nondestructively alter subcellular processes and can be investigated using biophotonic studies for imaging of morphological and functional changes at subcellular levels. The results suggest a promising pathway toward achieving the ultimate goal of selectively disabling tumor or other undesirable cells. In addition to demonstrating that ultrashort pulses have potentially important applications for cell and cancer biology investigations, and for understanding the application of pulsed fields to living matter, these results demonstrate that an effective and productive multidisciplinary collaboration between science, engineering, medicine and biology has been created. nanosecond high-field electric pulse electrnpenturbaUon, electroporation, pulse-Induced phospholipid translocation, nanoelecfropuls%

A plasma sparker has been developed by Sparktec Environmental Inc. to control settlement of zebra and quagga mussels. Plasma pulse technology is a physical, nonchemical, nonthermal process for introducing energy directly into an aqueous solution. This patented system is made up of three separate components, a power supply to control the power management, a capacitor storage bank to store the required energy, and a submersible assembly where this energy is released to the water. When the plasma sparker is activated, electrical energy stored by capacitors is released between two submerged electrodes in microseconds. A plasma channel is formed because of this high current/high voltage electrical discharge. The discharge process consists of at least three primary events, an intense shockwave, a steam bubble which may lead to a supercritical water phase where oxidation of organic substrates will occur, and ultraviolet light. The technology is currently in use in several utilities and industries in Canada and the United States. These experiments, most of which are now completed, are designed to show what mechanisms are being employed to control zebra mussel biofouling in pipelines. Mechanisms being evaluated are: (1) indirect control through continuous application of pulsed power to limit biofilm biomass and composition; (2) direct control through continuous application of pulsed power to (a) kill the zebra mussels, (b) detach mussels already settled, (c) prevent settlement of new recruits and reattachment of translocators; and (3) control by application of pulsed power for short durations to sustain permanent damage to shells or weaken the mussels sufficiently that they eventually die.

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

At Sandia National Laboratories, we have developed a unique capacitor technology. This technology is based upon impregnation of plastic film capacitor rolls with per- fluorocarbon insulating liquids. At Los Alamos National Laboratory, we have installed and activated a 300-kW capacitor modulator. At the 3rd IEEE International Pulse Power Conference in June 1981, a program between the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Sandia National Laboratories to evaluate this technology in repetitive discharge pulse power service was described in a paper by Bickford, Mauldin, and Sarjeant. Experimental data is beginning to flow from this program.

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

Under research conducted by Montana State University and the University of Colorado, several optical coherent transient (OCT) devices were developed and demonstrated, including pulse shaping, arbitrary waveform generation, optical spectral filtering, time integrating correlator, Doppler shifted arrays, and optical beam scanning. OCTs are particularly well suited for RF photonic processing because of their large bandwidths (tens to hundreds of GHz), spectral resolution well below a MHz, and time bandwidth products (TBP) greater than 10(6). The advancement of OCT technologies is dependent on the development of supporting technologies. Under this grant, several supporting technologies were developed and demonstrated, including high efficiency OCT programming, tapered semi-conductor amplifiers at 793nm, cascaded injection locked amplifiers at 793nm, and frequency chirped lasers at 793nm.

Under research conducted by Montana State University and the University of Colorado, several optical coherent transient (OCT) devices were developed and demonstrated, including pulse shaping, arbitrary waveform generation, optical spectral filtering, time integrating correlator, Doppler shifted arrays, and optical beam scanning. OCTs are particularly well suited for RF photonic processing because of their large bandwidths (tens to hundreds of GHz), spectral resolution well below a MHz, and time bandwidth products (TBP) greater than 10(6). The advancement of OCT technologies is dependent on the development of supporting technologies. Under this grant, several supporting technologies were developed and demonstrated, including high efficiency OCT programming, tapered semi-conductor amplifiers at 793nm, cascaded injection locked amplifiers at 793nm, and frequency chirped lasers at 793nm.

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

Research plan: Analysis of the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses; Measurement of nanosecond fluorescence decay time; Light amplification in absorbing media; Adiabatic inversion of quantum states; Optical rectification of mode-locked laser pulses at microwave frequencies; and Mode-locking of organic dye lasers.

AFWAL/FIBG has a facility that provides dynamics data acquisition and analysis to support ground and flight testing on Air Force systems. This capability is limited by the current analog data acquisition technology to the acquisition of 12 data channels simultaneously of 40 to 50 dB dynamic range. This report documents a study conducted to obtain an optimum data acquisition and analysis system using PCM technology to provide simultaneous acquisition of 144 channels with 60 to 70 dB dynamic range. Implementation of this design will advance the state-of-the-art for acquisition of high bandwidth (20 KHz) dynamics data and will result in a significant reduction in the cost of flight tests. (Author)

The purpose of this thesis is to increase awareness of the viability of emergent technology weapons and their applicability within the realm ot Electronic Warfare. This thesis includes a definition and evolutionary history ot EMP weapons. It also discusses how this technology could severely hamper an enemy's ability to wage war without the collateral damage concerns traditionally associated with conventional weapons and do so without the strategic level consequences inherent to the overt use of lethal force. It discusses how incorporation of EMP\EMP weapon capabilities into the equipment, training, and doctrine of the armed services could substantially improve a military's effectiveness on the electronic battlefield. Additionally, it analyzes how this capability brings a new type of collateral damage onto the battlefield, and the potential impact of those unwanted side effects heretofore irrelevant to the employ of conventional munitions. Complexities in targeting and applicability in various environments are also reviewed. The thesis concludes that the decision to employ electromagnetic pulse weapons will offer an advantage to armed services in waging Electronic Warfare. Moreover it concludes, due to an EMP weapon's innate potential for extensive unintended collateral damage to unprotected infrastructures, targets must pass through a rigorous approval process prior to employment.

Single pulse DF and DF/CO2 transfer laser testing will be conducted to expand the data base for verification and extension of performance scaling relations. Scaling relations are currently based on the analytical effort completion under Task I and the comparison of this analysis with the available data. Tests will explore the effects on performance of gas composition with constituents included F2, D2, O2, HF, NF3, He, N2, and CO2 at both DF and CO2 wavelengths. Tests will explore the nature of the medium in terms of F atom initiation level and gain, the nature of the initiating electron beam source in terms of energy deposition level and uniformity and pulse length, and laser yield in terms of total energy, pulse shape and time resolved spectra. The system will operate at pressures ranging from 200 to 760 torr.

In older buildings, such as those common on U.S. Army installations, severe damp-basement problems can increase maintenance requirements and make affected areas uninhabitable or even unusable. In problem areas, the usual approach to solve groundwater intrusion problems is to excavate to expose the wall area and the base of the foundation (trench) and then to replace damp proofing on the wall surface and to install a drain tile system around the building or affected area (drain). A commercial system that uses electro-osmotic pulse (EOP) technology within concrete structures offers an alternative to the trench-and-drain approach that can mitigate water-related problems from the interior (negative side) of affected areas without the cost of excavation. EOP technology is designed to extend the life of conventional repair methods. In basic terms, the EOP system uses pulses of electricity to reverse the flow of water seepage, actually causing moisture to flow out of the basement walls, away from the building. This study demonstrated and validated EOP technology by performing laboratory and field tests of a commercially available EOP system at selected Army installations, and by comparing the results of those test with the results of conventional dampness mitigation techniques.

Background Lumbar epidural anesthesia was considered to be the gold standard in anesthesia practice. It caused some form sympathetic blockade and changed baseline peripheral vascular tone including some dynamic changes. However, failure of epidural anesthesia was a clinical problem together with difficult to predict failure based on clinical parameter and hemodynamic changes Methods Parturient undergoing lower segment caesarean section LSCS surgery under epidural anesthesia enrolled in this mono centric study. Parturient were in the range of age 16 45 years old with ASA 1, II and II involved in the study The total of 160 parturient respondents planned for elective and emergency lower segment caesarean section LSCS surgery obtained from Yamane formula n = N 1 Ne2 calculation with the Universal Convenience Sampling. Clinical observational and interventional methods were applied using a formatted checklist. Visual analogue pain scores VAPS, Bromage scale and perfusion index PI were used as instrument to assess lumbar epidural anesthesia blockade. After the administration of hyperbaric anesthetic drug into epidural space, hemodynamic changes of perfusion index PI were recorded every five minutes. Simultaneously, somatosensory, visual analogue pain scores VAPS, Bromage scale were assessed. Statistical analyses with SPSS version 24 were performed using Independent T – Test, ANOVA and Bivariate analysis for numerical variable. Levene's Test for equality of variances assumption was used to check for homogeneity of numerical variables. Recommendation Future direction Technology advances should be used as way to predict epidural failure such as Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation TENS . Ultrasound imaging of the spine could be proposed to facilitate identification of the epidural space and predict difficult spine identification, especially in women with abnormal lumbosacral anatomy scoliosis and those who were obese. Results The hemodynamic dimension of initial blood pressure did not influence the trend of perfusion index PI for both groups of non conversion and conversion of lumbar epidural anesthesia. These were elaborated through Systolic r = 0.01, p 0.05 , Diastolic r = 0.70, p 0.05 . Similarly the initial pulse rate as element of hemodynamic did not influence the trend of perfusion index as r = 0.10, p 0.05. It was a novelty finding that initial pulse rate influenced the hemodynamic trend of initial blood pressure Systolic r = 0.31, p 0.05 , Diastolic r = 0.44, p 0.05 . Also, there was a significant changed in the mean perfusion index with the rate of 115.4 increased of perfusion index PI for non conversion group in 20 minutes duration. The perfusion index PI for non conversion group increased with the rate of 80.0 in 20 minutes duration. Hemodynamic dimension especially referring to perfusion index PI p 0.05 at parameter value of base line 3.99 ± 0.44 contributed to the lumbar epidural anesthesia failure. Our overall lumbar epidural anesthesia failure rate was 3.8 in this study. Conclusions Perfusion index PI considered a reliable and simpler hemodynamic assessment for lumbar epidural anesthesia failure for parturient undergoing lower segment caesarean section LSCS surgery. Perhaps new heuristics in new Transition Policy Anesthesia Analysis TAPA could be developed for addressing more holistic in determination of lumbar epidural anesthesia failure among parturient undergoing lower segment caesarean section LSCS surgery in terms of hemodynamic dimension.  by Zafri Bin Yusoff | Ir. Dr Ahmad Faizul Bin Shamsudin "Hemodynamic Dimension Trend between Non Conversion and Conversion Lumbar Epidural Anesthesia to General Anesthesia Explored using Pulse Oximeter Technology"  Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,  URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21766.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/21766/hemodynamic-dimension-trend-between-non-conversion-and-conversion-lumbar-epidural-anesthesia-to-general-anesthesia-explored-using-pulse-oximeter-technology/zafri-bin-yusoff

Electro-osmotic pulse (EOP) was evaluated in the laboratory to compare the electrokinetic forces developed by the EOP system to the hydraulic forces within 4-in.-thick concrete. Systems were installed in two Civil Works structures, the old lock house at Lock and Dam 7 at Dresbach, MN, and in a section of gallery at Lock 27 at Granite City, IL. Laboratory testing indicates that EOP is able to dry the walls of concrete Civil Works structures up to 30 ft of head through a 4-in.-thick slab of concrete, and that EOP can be used to dry the concrete in lock house basements and lock galleries. The plate cathodes mounted in the water on the lock walls are effective cathode placements. Probe cathodes are also effective embedded in the lock walls. The effectiveness of probe cathodes is based on the surface area and not the manufacturing techniques used.

The name, SPM, is derived from the technology that SPM Instrument developed and patented in the early 70's in Sweden. The Shock Pulse Method is the monitoring and analyzation of high frequency compression (shock) waves generated by a bearing while rotating. From this research, empirical data was developed and patented to measure the theoretical film thickness of the lubricant in the rotating bearing along with an analysis of the overall condition of the bearing surfaces. The way these signals are separated is really what makes this technology unique. Unlike vibration analysis that monitors a broad vibration band and then tries to isolate unique frequencies; SPM has developed a means to only look at the high frequency signals of antifriction bearings. Having ensured that the signal quality truly reflects a bearing signal, the development of a defined data base by SPM became practical. The ability to analyze lubrication changes versus surface damage becomes more practical and repeatable. Through years of testing, this data base has been developed and perfected so as to represent the True operating condition of the bearing being monitored. Regardless of whether the bearing is 5 days old or 5 years old the reading taken represents the operating condition at that time.

Developments and needs for research to extend the lifetime and optimize the configuration of CO2 laser systems for satellite based on remote sensing of atmospheric wind velocities and trace gases are reviewed. The CO2 laser systems for operational satellite application will require lifetimes which exceed 1 year. Progress in the development of efficient low temperature catalysts and gas mixture modifications for extending the lifetime of high pulse energy closed cycle common and rare isotope CO2 lasers and of sealed CW CO2 lasers is reviewed. Several CO2 laser configurations are under development to meet the requirements including: unstable resonators, master oscillator power amplifiers and telescopic stable resonators, using UV or E-beam preionization. Progress in the systems is reviewed and tradeoffs in the system parameters are discussed.