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Drawing from Signaling Theory and the Person-Organizational Fit literature, we examine the effects of game-framing, the labeling of a selection test as a “game” without changing its content, on prospective applicants’ attitudes toward a fictitious hiring organization.

Our third study in this research program; Specifically, a field survey used to investigate the effects of gender strategies on psychological safety in a real-world context.

Scoping review protocol

Scoping review protocol that aims to map the evidence available in the literature on the participation of cooperatives and associations of recyclable material collectors in the public management of urban solid waste.

The present era is witnessing rapid changes in various fields, and dealing with these changes requires a high ability to adapt and take initiative in accordance with the constants of material and human capabilities within institutions. In the field of training, training and educational institutions bear the greatest burden in preparing the available infrastructure and technology, in line with the revolution in Information technology and the means of communication that have been able to transform today’s world into a village where temporal and spatial barriers disappear, as it has brought distances closer and removed social and cultural barriers. The training process is a continuous and important process, ensuring the effectiveness of the desired feasibility of the training programs.

Migrate to Containers → https://goo.gle/3CvpjUi Database Migration Services Documentation → https://goo.gle/3RFn59e In this video, Mike Coleman, Developer Advocate at Google and Engineering Manager Yoav Reich, discuss how organizations can get started with the cloud. They cover why organizations are moving to the cloud and some of the challenges associated with the move. Finally, they discuss common cloud adoption patterns and how to accelerate the move to cloud by migrating some of your existing applications. Chapters: 0:00 - Intro 0:40 - Benefits and challenges of moving to the cloud 4:50 - Keys to a successful cloud migration 5:45 - Common cloud adoption patterns 7:35 - Migrating existing applications to the cloud 10:20 - Conclusion Subscribe to Google Cloud Tech → https://goo.gle/GoogleCloudTech​ Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9je4SJogac Uploader: Google Cloud Tech

Migrate to Containers → https://goo.gle/3CvpjUi Database Migration Services Documentation → https://goo.gle/3RFn59e In this video, Mike Coleman, Developer Advocate at Google and Engineering Manager Yoav Reich, discuss how organizations can get started with the cloud. They cover why organizations are moving to the cloud and some of the challenges associated with the move. Finally, they discuss common cloud adoption patterns and how to accelerate the move to cloud by migrating some of your existing applications. Chapters: 0:00 - Intro 0:40 - Benefits and challenges of moving to the cloud 4:50 - Keys to a successful cloud migration 5:45 - Common cloud adoption patterns 7:35 - Migrating existing applications to the cloud 10:20 - Conclusion Subscribe to Google Cloud Tech → https://goo.gle/GoogleCloudTech​ Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9je4SJogac Uploader: Google Cloud Tech

Researchers in international business (IB) have long been interested in understanding why some companies prefer to enter a particular foreign country over others (i.e., location choice) (Chung & Alcacer, 2002; Kim & Aguilera, 2016; Nielsen, Asmussen, & Weatherall, 2017). The primary focus of these studies has been to identify risk factors associated with the foreign country, which have commonly captured in the popular umbrella term liability of foreignness (Hymer, 1976, p. 1019; Zaheer, 1995). For instance, the Uppsala model proposed that firms’ decision to internationalize is aimed to minimize the risk. In doing so, they suggest that firms may be more likely to enter countries that market is similar to that of their home country (Johanson & Vahlne, 1977). In a similar vein, some scholars proposed that firms may prefer to enter countries that economic, institutional, regulatory, culture, geographical, and administrative distance between the home and host country (e.g., Ghemawat, 2001; Konara & Shirodkar, 2018; Tsang & Yip, 2007). In contrast these scholars, others proposed that companies would be more attract to countries where they can better exploit their current resources (e.g., J. Dunning, 1981; Tseng, Tansuhaj, Hallagan, & McCullough, 2007). Although both of these views have expanded our knowledge about a firm's location selection model, one overlooked aspect of this model is that a firm's decision to enter a certain country is not solely determined by the risk and internal resources of the firm, but also by the decision maker’s values (Boustanifar, Zajac, & Zilja, 2021; Buckley, Chen, Clegg, & Voss, 2016). For instance, a recent study of Merli (2021) pointed out that a firm's decision to enter a particular country could be heavily influenced by the political views of its chief executive officer or its top management team. While the decision maker's value is crucial to a firm's location decision, there are two interesting questions to consider. First, given that individuals at different organizational levels propose and endorse strategic initiatives (Suchman, 1995) and highly ranked individuals aren't exclusively responsible for making strategic choices (Bower, 1970), could it be that whole organizations, not just their leaders or top managers, have widespread political ideological leanings that affect their decision making, including their choices of locations as well? Second, given that political ideology is associated with one’s value, and drives one’s behavior, would it be possible that a company's decision to enter a certain country could be a reflection of its organizational political ideological? We pursue this idea, by examining the relationship between organizational political liberalism and a firms’ choice of location (country). In more detail, we argue that since political liberalism places a high value on equity and reduction of social harm liberal organizations may be preferring to enter foreign countries where conservative accounting practice is widely utilized. More precisely, we claim that since conservative accounting practices improve the information available for investors in part by providing them with particularly timely information regarding news that has a negative impact on firm value in the IPO (Boulton, Smart, & Zutter, 2017), liberal organization may prefer to enter foreign countries where their financial report can stresses equity and reduction of social harm: In other words, countries where local companies tend to adopt more conservative accounting practices. However, we contend that the nature of this relationship could potentially vary based on several factors, including whether the firm is a family-owned enterprise, the identity of the founder, and even the gender of the founder. We examine the relationship between organizational political ideology and a firm’s choice of entry location in a panel of S&P500 firms over the period of 2010-2018. Because organizational political ideology is “the prevailing beliefs among the organization’s members,” (Gupta, Briscoe, & Hambrick, 2017), we collected data of personal political contributions made by employees of companies to two major political parties in the United States (i.e., Democrats vs. Republicans). With comprehensive controls and multiple robustness checks, our results show that organizations that are more liberal are more likely to enter countries with lower information asymmetry. Namely, countries where the conservative accounting practices is widely applied. Why does political ideology matter? Why do firms choose to enter a certain country? This fundamental question has long been an interested to many international business (IB) scholars (e.g., Casson, 1990; Coase, 1937; John H. Dunning, 1980; Hymer, 1976; Knickerbocker, 1973). Some, IB scholars claimed that firms chose to enter a certain country as some countries are more suitable for enjoying the internationalization benefits such as the ownership, location, and internalization advantage (John H. Dunning, 1980). Others have focused on the riskiness of internationalization and claimed that firms chose to enter countries where there exist minimum culture, administrative, economical, and geographical distance (Ghemawat, 2001) or where they can fully control or govern their business in the foreign country (Hymer, 1976). For example, building upon Coase’s (1937) seminal article on the nature of the firm (see also, J. H. Dunning & Pitelis, 2008), Hymer (1976) endeavored to understand the underlying motives of foreign direct investment (FDI) from a control/governance and value-added activities perspective. Lastly, some IB scholars claimed that firms favor certain location simply because they have some “location-specific” resources that are more exploitable in a certain country (J. Dunning, 1981; Tseng, et al., 2007). Dunning (1981) studied high technology companies and find that since some locations are more suite for a firm’s technological development than others, there is a practice of multinational firms to choose to enter locations where they can demonstrate the best exploit their current resources. In a related vein, scholars also claimed that some countries market conditions create more synergetic value when combined with local facilities with their technology (Chen & Hennart, 2002). Others have also claimed a company’s location choice is highly dependent on the firm’s strategic goal. For instance, a firm that is in labor-sensitive country might enter countries where the labor regulation is flexible, or the minimum wage is low. Similarly, a company that seeks for new knowledge would perhaps prefer to enter where positive knowledge spillover can be expected (e.g., Alcacer & Chung, 2007; Fischer, Scherngell, & Jansenberger, 2009) While, all these factors may play a critical role in deciding the company’s location preference, more recently, some IB scholars expressed concerns with conventional explanations claimed that attributing internationalization/location decisions exclusively on firm-level factors such as observed risk-taking seems tautological and insufficient to explain why certain organizations prefer to enter certain country not others (e.g., Boustanifar, et al., 2021; Buckley, et al., 2016). In doing so, they claimed more scholarly attention needs to be devoted to organizations’ belief or value system such as the prevailing beliefs or value among organizational members to better understand how and why organizations tend to enter certain country. In the present paper, we especially focus on the organizational political value system and its impact on the firm’s location preference. Studying the organization’s political value system (hereafter: political ideology) is critical for a number of reasons. First, as noted by numerous prior studies, one’s political ideology, which are often categorize as one being “red” (conservative), “blue” (liberal), and “purple” (moderated or mixed) often guides the decision maker’s strategy, value, as well as many important strategic decisions (Chin, Hambrick, & Trevino, 2013). For example, Chin, et al. (2013) examined the chief executive officer’s (CEO) political ideology and its impact on a firm’s corporate social responsibility performance (CSR performance) and find that firms led by more liberal CEOs tend to have higher CSR performance. In a related vein, Elnahas and Kim (2017) examine the relationship between CEO political ideology and firm’s investment decision, particularly their M&A decision and find that firms led by conservative CEOs are less likely to engage in M&A activities than conservative one. In sum, these studies assume the company leaders such as the CEO or executives have pervasive political ideology, which is a reflection of the person’s believe system or value, lead the company’s strategic decision. Based on this embryonic view, more recently, Gupta, et al. (2017) noted the possibility of a firm’s strategy to be affected by the political ideology of the entire organization rather than just the political ideology of just a few individuals such as the CEO. In doing so, they claimed that since organization attract-select, and retain employees (Schneider, 1987) who possess similar value and such value skews in their culture (Martin, 1992), and leaders do not make strategic decision alone (Bower, 1970) but tend to seek advices from others (Ma, Kor, & Seidl, 2019), it is highly plausible that a firm’s strategy is not simply a reflection of a CEO’s political ideology but the entire body politic. In the present paper, we develop our argument based on Gupta and colleagues’ (2017) assertion. In doing so, we theorize a firm’s preference over certain country (entry decision to a certain country) might be a reflection of an organization’s political ideology. Potential Hypotheses Hypothesis 1: Organizational political conservatism is positively associated with a firm's decision to enter countries with conservative accounting practice. The Moderating Effect of Family Firm Status Hypothesis 2: The positive association between organizational political conservatism and a firm's decision to enter countries with conservative accounting practice will be weaken when the firm is a family firm. Hypothesis 3: The positive association between organizational political conservatism and a firm's decision to enter countries with conservative accounting practice will be strengthen when the CEO is the founder Hypothesis 4: The positive association between organizational political conservatism and a firm's decision to enter countries with conservative accounting practice will be strengthen when the CEO is a female. Methodology Data and Sample Construction We collected the greenfield investment data from FdI Insight. Organizational ideology data of S&P500 was collected from FEC. Variables Dependent variable: Adopting Boulton and colleagues’ (2017) measure of country level of accounting conservatism, we estimated to what extent firms choose the highest liability and lowest asset estimates. Boulton and colleagues (2017) noted that a firm's ratio of book equity to market equity is valid measure of conservatism, with lower book-to-market ratios indicating greater conservatism. In order to estimate a country's book-to-market ratio, we followed Boulton and colleagues' two-steps approach. In the first step, we calculate book-to-market ratios at each firm in each country and take their median value. In the second step, we sum the book and market values of all firms in a country and take the ratio of the aggregate book value to the aggregate market value. Independent variable: For the variable organizational political ideology, we adopted Gupta and colleagues’ (2017) measure, which was first developed by Chin, et al. (2013). Chin, et al. (2013) developed a multi-item index of the political inclinations of individual CEOs, based on political donations. By using publicly archived data on political donations made by each company's employees, Gupta et al., (2017) determined an organization's ideology based on its members' ideologies. In the present paper, we followed Gupta and colleagues’ approach. To do so, we first, collected data of all political gift that was above $200. This data was collected from the Federal Election Commission (FEC). Using the political donation information, we identify all gifts that are made by individual donors who indicated any of our sampled firms as their employers. Especially we focused on the donations that are made to the two parties (Democratic and Republican party), their candidates, campaign committees, and associated political action committees (PACs). Also, following Gupta et al., (2017), we excluded donations by the CEO as well as by other corporate officers Based on individual donation information, we measured four indicators of organizational liberalism for each two-year election cycle, largely following Chin et al. (2013) and Gupta et al., (2017)'s methodology: (1) The total dollar amount given to the democratic party divided by the total amount given to both parties; (2) the number of donations made to the democratic party divided by the number of donations made to both parties; (3) the number of unique democratic donors divided by the number of employees who contribute to both parties; and (4) the number of unique democratic donors divided by the number of all unique donors . Then, we averaged this measure over the two most recent election cycles to create a firm level measure. Lastly, we subtract this measure from “1” (1-liberalism index) to convert the liberalism index to a firm-level conservatism index. Thus, a value of zero indicates the organization is politically extremely liberal, while a value of one would indicates that organization is strongly conservative Estimation Strategy There is a possibility that organizations employees from certain industry are more liberal/conservative. We address this issue econometrically by employing Heckman’s (1979) two stage sample correction model. Specifically, in the first stage, we used the entire S&P1500 database and ran the Probit model in which we estimate the selection model. From this model, we calculate the inverse-mills ratio (λ) and insert this into our primary model where we examine the hypotheses developed above. The identifying assumption of the Heckman model is that the selection model contains at least one covariate—an instrument—which is correlated with internationalization but not correlated with the likelihood of a firm entering a conservative country. In the present paper, we used the state-level U.S. international trade data. This data was published by U.S. Census bureau and is the dollar amount of international trade distributed among individual states. The underlying logic for this instrument is that, since some states are more open and/or active in internationalization, firms located in these states may be more likely go overseas. This variable, however, may not predict the foreign country’s conservative accounting practice.

Despite growing interest in the use of anthropological or cultural research models, these approaches are not commonly understood by the higher education community. Because anthropological research differs significantly from other techniques, this paper first explains the rationale for using anthropological models to study higher education and defines a cultural approach. The paper then discusses how interpretive research diverges from the objectivist approach. Whereas an interpretive view sees organizations as social constructions formed by the interactions of their history, context, and participants' influences, an objectivist perspective assumes that organizations exist as rational entities created by individuals to support the common pursuit of specified goals. The interviewer/observer's role in data collection, the interview process, and the presentation of data are discussed at length. Generally, the interpretive interviewers admit their subjectivity, do not set out to prove hypotheses, and assume that all knowledge, all inquiry, is value-based and ideological. Interpretive interviewers generally use open-ended or multiple interview formats and employ other instruments (participant observation, historical analyses, recording of spatial and nonverbal communication clues). When presenting data, interpretive researchers try to involve the reader more freely in summarizing and interpreting results. The idea is to provide readers with a vicarious experience of being there. Included are 39 references. (MLH)

Document number CIA-RDP82-00457R009800310002-2 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

Document number CIA-RDP82-00457R002000520002-4 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

Through interviews, we want to find the enablers that contribute to the quality of software products in large-scale agile software development.

The composition of the U.S. physician workforce and its geographical distribution are critical to the efficient functioning of the health care system and the provision of quality health care. Many analysts believe that the growth of managed care in recent years has decreased earning opportunities for specialists while not affecting, or even Increasing, earning opportunities for generalists. Moreover, managed care is thought to have reduced physicians' professional autonomy and the appeal of medical practice. Thus far, however, the influence of managed care on the geographical distribution of physicians has not been considered. To explore the relationship between the growth of managed care and the physician workforce, Jose Escarce and colleagues conducted a series of studies of physician practice location and retirement decisions from 1956 to 1996, a period of rapid growth in managed care. These studies drew upon data from the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile, which contains information on physician practice location, specialty and major professional activities. The researchers found that the growth of managed care in the United States, particularly the growth of health maintenance organizations (HMOs), has had a profound effect on the practice location choices of both generalists and specialists. In addition, the growth of HMOs appears to be influencing physicians' retirement decisions, further contributing to a geographical redistribution of physicians throughout the nation.

In this paper, we present innovative approaches and algorithms for the design of Command and Control (C2) structures, mission planning, and course of action development. These models are integrated into the PERsonnel-based Unit of Action Design Environment (PERSUADE). PERSUADE converts a textual description of mission and a graphical representation of an organization into quantitative models, and through optimization algorithms (Levchuk et al., 2002, 2004) validated in several empirical studies (Kleinman et al., 2003; Levchuk et al., 2003; Entin et al., 2003; Diedrich et al., 2003) will help the commanders at various echelons to synthesize command and control organizations tailored for a specific mission set. Our studies show that organizations designed using the PERSUADE methodology outperform their traditionally designed counterparts.

Terrorist organizations are groups and, therefore, they are subject to norm processes to operate. These norms form a core component of the organizations' command and control environment. Group norm processes develop according to the needs and conditions under which a group operates. As conditions change, either internally or externally, groups adopt norming strategies -- whether they are cognizant of them or not -- to fit the constraints of the group's environment. If a group is unable to maintain a type of norming structure that facilitates group cohesion and a clear understanding of the group's mission, then that group will likely fail to meet its objective or will eventually cease to exist. Coalition operations in Afghanistan following September 11, 2001, demonstrated the ability of terrorist organizations to continue to flourish without a clear structure. The availability of current technology also aids groups without well-defined structures. Organizations with these constraints are likely to adopt a missionary and/or ad-hoc structure, and will be increasingly difficult to categorize and study. The ability of a terrorist organization to continue to exist and lead successful operations is partially dependent upon its ability to influence the society in which it operates. Terrorist organizations that have lasted for several years and those that exist only for specific operations continue to entice people to willingly join them -- to join groups that do not value the same norms as those of society. This study offers a framework for understanding how terrorist organizations affect societies. The intent is to develop hypotheses that will potentially enable future agents of peace to disrupt the norming processes of these groups.

The possibility of a war with Iraq may contribute to a large number of displaced Iraqi civilians, either within Iraq or in neighboring countries, who would be dependent on international assistance for food, shelter, basic health care, and other forms of support. This report provides an annotated list of United Nations (U.N.) agencies that currently have programs in Iraq, key U.S. government agencies, and a sample list of major international and U.S.-based aid organizations that may provide humanitanan assistance to Iraq in the event of war. Internet links of the U.N. agencies and humanitanan aid organizations are also provided.

THis investigation determined the effect of cold temperature variations on the performanxe of security police and missile maintenance organizations within Strategic Air Command (SAC). THe security police performance measurement was based on the rating given to each organization by the SAC Inspector General observing the execution of a Major Accident Response Exercise (MARE). Missile maintenance performance was based on the rating the organization was observed performing routine maintenance tasks. For each security police and missile maintenance performance rating, the temperature at the time of the observation was obtained from the National Weather Service. Simple linear regression was used to determine the strength of correlation between the temperature at the time of the observation was obtained from the National Weather Service. Simple linear regression was used to determine the strength of correlation between the temperature at the time of the evaluation and the performance rating received. By using simple linear regression it was possible to determine if performance declined as the temperature became colder. The results of the this investigation revealed that no correlation existed between the observed temperatures and the performance ratings received by the sampled units. Keywords: Cold weather operations; Cold stress; Performance (Human); Stress (Physiology).

Until recently most of the research on college student protest of the 1960's has taken either a political socialization or cultural-historical perspective. The research reported here takes an organizational perspective with the expectation that an examination of student protest should contribute to a theory of organizations. Two classes of structural variables are indicated: (1) quality, autonomy and parochialism; and (2) recruitment and mobilization. These variables can be seen as providing a characterization of the relations of a college or university as an organization to other organizations in its environment. Organized student protest is conceptualized as a characteristic of an organization and it is suggested that major variables accounting for the presence of protest are the level of intolerance and the level of political activity. These two variables in turn are determined by relations of the focal organization to other organizations. Although the model does not provide perfect prediction, it was found that higher quality, secular, and larger colleges and universities are characterized by tolerance and political activity. It is concluded that an organizational perspective leads to greater understanding of protest behavior, and an examination of such behavior contributes to the understanding of organizations. (Author/HS)

Knowledge and learning are important driving forces for business success and competitiveness, especially in the knowledge-intensive organizations (KIO's) whose core business is to create and sell knowledge (e.g. education, R&D units, and consultancy organizations, among others). Previous works suggested one of the Critical Success Factor (CSF) of Knowledge Management (KM) practices is leadership, but only few of them referred it in a quantitative way. This paper aims to explore and explain the link between leadership and KM success. Results show a positive relation between the strategic dimension of leadership and the success of KM practices. This model was tested using Structured Equation Model (SEM). With this study we contribute to recognize the importance of leadership in order to improve the creation and dissemination of knowledge in a KIO's. In this way, these findings will help managers and teachers to increase the effectiveness of learning.

The emergence of regional organizations in Latin America, such as the UNASUR and the CELAC, is provoking many debates in the international arena because they have the same goals and purposes of the OAS, the oldest regional organization in the world. In fact, the creation of the OAS in 1948 was a large step for the weaker states of Latin America that had to negotiate their aspirations for security and prosperity with the US. The history of the relationship among the member states is full of controversy, mainly between the US and the Latin American states. Opposite interests, different priorities, political and economic pressure characterized decades of negotiations in the forums of the OAS. In the end, the OAS was branded by the Latin American states as an ineffective and outdated organization. This fact among others facilitated the emergence of regional organizations that in reality are threatening the existence of the OAS, requiring urgent deep reforms on its policies toward Latin America.

Traditional social science research has been unable to satisfactorily aggregate individual level data to group, organization and systems levels, making it one of social science's biggest challenges, if not the most important (Giles, 2011). For game and social theory, we believe that the fault can be attributed to the lack of valid distance measures (e.g., the arbitrary ordering of cooperation and competition precludes a Hilbert space distance metric for gradations in these social behaviors, making theory normative). As an alternative, we offer a theory of social interdependence with countable mathematics based on bistable or multi-stable perspectives patterned after quantum information theory. The evidence that is available is supportive. It indicates that meaning is a one-sided, stable, classical interpretation, not only making the correspondence between beliefs and objective reality in social settings incomplete, but necessarily sweeping aside many static theories from earlier eras (e.g., Axelrod's evolution of cooperation; Simon's bounded rationality). This result alone indicates for democracies that system interpretations evolve to become orthogonal (Nash equilibria), that orthogonal interpretations generate the information that uniquely promotes social evolution, but that in dictatorships, dependent as they are on the enforcement of social cooperation and the suppression of opposing points of view, evolution stops or slows, such as in China, Iran or Cuba, causing capital and energy to be wasted, misdirected or misallocated as government leaders suppress the interpretations that they alone have the authority to label as unethical, immoral, or irreligious.

Most exemplary projects initiated under Part D of the 1968 Vocational Education Amendments were early attempts to structure operating models of what is now referred to as career education. In response to an invitation to interested school districts and organizations to submit proposals for conducting research-based vocational exemplary projects, 175 were submitted. After a review and evaluation, the best from each state, the District of Columbia, Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, and Puerto Rico were funded. This document contains an abstract of each of the 54 projects, including two from Minnesota. The state, project title, director, applicant organization, estimated funds, duration, and a program description are included in each abstract. (GEB)

The Edge is a relative newcomer to organizational design--one that appears especially appropriate for contemporary military operations, but also raises issues regarding comparative performance of the Edge to alternate organizational designs, including more traditional hierarchical configurations. These issues suggest that laboratory experimentation, with coherently structured controls and manipulations and an appropriate data collection strategy, can offer substantive insights about the internal workings of the Edge organization with high levels of reliability and internal validity. Building upon prior command and control (C2) research, we report the preliminary results of our extension of our campaign of computational experimentation to series of laboratory experiments using the ELICIT multiplayer intelligence game. Our experiments confirm the results of earlier and companion computational experimentation - chiefly, that Edge organizations outperform Hierarchy organizations in certain task and environmental contexts, and in terms of certain performance measures. Our experiments also serve to inform future computational experimentation through noting: 1) Edge and Hierarchy organizations learn at the same rate, but with higher volatility within Edge configurations; 2) transforming from Hierarchy to Edge configurations results in either similar or improved performance on subsequent tasks; and 3) transforming from Edge to Hierarchy organizations results in degraded performance initially, with subsequent recovery to previous levels.

The Edge is a relative newcomer to organizational design--one that appears especially appropriate for contemporary military operations, but also raises issues regarding comparative performance of the Edge to alternate organizational designs, including more traditional hierarchical configurations. These issues suggest that laboratory experimentation, with coherently structured controls and manipulations and an appropriate data collection strategy, can offer substantive insights about the internal workings of the Edge organization with high levels of reliability and internal validity. Building upon prior command and control (C2) research, we report the preliminary results of our extension of our campaign of computational experimentation to series of laboratory experiments using the ELICIT multiplayer intelligence game. Our experiments confirm the results of earlier and companion computational experimentation - chiefly, that Edge organizations outperform Hierarchy organizations in certain task and environmental contexts, and in terms of certain performance measures. Our experiments also serve to inform future computational experimentation through noting: 1) Edge and Hierarchy organizations learn at the same rate, but with higher volatility within Edge configurations; 2) transforming from Hierarchy to Edge configurations results in either similar or improved performance on subsequent tasks; and 3) transforming from Edge to Hierarchy organizations results in degraded performance initially, with subsequent recovery to previous levels.

As a business or sales leader, you're beginning to see things turn for the better. There's hope that the economy will rebound and sales will take off. You've pushed your young team to keep the company afloat and they responded and kept their jobs. Now all you have to do is sit back and watch the orders come in. But what if the Millennials on your sales team are tired of being pushed around? And you don't know that? When business picks up, will your team take you to new performance levels - or take off for other jobs?----more---- About Kyla's Guest:This Asher Sales Sense Podcast - \"How Great Leaders Create Organizations Their People Never Want to Leave\" - features host Kyla O'Connell with guest Clint Pulver, Emmy Award- Winning Keynote Speaker, Author, and Professional Drummer. A former private pilot turned generational workforce expert, Clint has dedicated his professional career as the \"Undercover Millennial\" uncovering the secrets to what leaders are doing right. His new book \"I Love It Here\" is now available for order through Amazon. Clint pulls back the curtain to reveal the research and unscripted truths of the 10,000+ employees he's interviewed undercover, revealing the reasons for their lasting loyalty and what triggers them to head for the exit door. Asher Sales Sense is hosted by John Asher and Kyla O'Connell of ASHER Strategies which is a program on the Funnel Radio Channel. ASHER Strategies is the sponsor of ASHER Sales Sense.

853: Advancing and maintaining digital capabilities can be a tall task especially if for organizations that are not digitally native, or those that have been in existence and operating before the onset of the Digital Age. In this episode of Technovation, we feature a panel from our February 2024 Metis Strategy Digital Symposium with FM Global Chief Strategy & Innovation Officer Srini Krishnamurthy and Northrop Grumman Chief Information Officer John Russell speaking on the topic of advancing digital capabilities in non-digital-native organizations. Both executives discuss their digital strategies, automating processes within their organizations, and the role technology overall plays in the broader corporate strategy. Additionally, these executives share their forward-looking perspectives on the advancement of artificial intelligence, the opportunities it will present, and the challenges that will be faced.Also available on YouTube:https://youtu.be/5b0UytoVPko_____________________________________This episode is sponsored by ASAPP.

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What happens when perfect alignment occurs between the values of a mission-driven organization and the values of a mission-driven leader? Skillsoft's new Customer Market Leader, Leadership and Business Solutions, Rashim Mogha touches on her personal journey of being a female leader, creating empowerment through innovation, and the power of positive leadership.

The author believes that effective communication is an essential factor in overcoming differences and creating an environment where people can come together to learn, work, or play. Communication on the surface seems a straightforward endeavour. In practice, it is fraught with a multitude of issues that are dependent on the parties involved, who convey and receive messages. In this paper, the author explores communication and learning using the notion of mental models or mental representations as well as integrative thinking and generative listening. With this understanding of mental models, integrative thinking and generative listening, she discusses what she thinks leaders in her department can do to create the environment for improved communication with students and staff.

This report summarizes available theory and research on organizational commitment. Competing definitions of commitment are reviewed and an integrated definition is offered. Typologies of commitment are reviewed. Finally, the empirical literature bearing on antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment are reviewed. (Author)

The School to Work Opportunities Act of 1994 requires that all young people, including young people with disabilities and out-of-school youth, have equal opportunities to participate in the activities funded by it. Local intermediary organizations that provide a critical convening role and offer services to core education and business partners can and are accelerating and deepening connections between those school-to-work (STW) efforts and organizations in their communities that are serving specific populations of young people. The following three steps can help STW intermediaries achieve the goal of extending STW opportunities to young people with disabilities and out-of-school youth: (1) identify potential allies and partners; (2) reach out and engage allies and partners; and (3) align resources through a community collaboration that serves young people. The National Transition Alliance of Youth with Disabilities, Business Coalition for Workforce Development, and Alternative Schools Network are among the many national groups that can provide intermediaries with additional contacts, support, and information. The following programs illustrate how local communities are working to better align their efforts: (1) Communities and Schools for Career Success (located in Springfield, Massachusetts); (2) the Sonoma County, California, School-to-Career Partnership; and (3) the Marriot Foundation's program Bridges....from School to Work. (MN)

Document number CIA-RDP91-00561R000100110057-7 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

Document number CIA-RDP91-00561R000100110057-7 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

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This episode is intended for those working with or for organizations looking to make a difference. It shares the insights and experiences of Families Forward Virginia, a nonprofit, prevention-focused organization. Since 2017, Families Forward Virginia and its network of local affiliates have provided statewide leadership and support for a multitude of Virginia programs through evidence-based and multigenerational strategies. Hear about how the organization develops open-minded and service-based relationships as well as provides tools, resources, and trainings.

This study examined differences between participation in academic and non-academic student organizations at a large, predominantly White, public research institution. A survey of 354 undergraduates revealed that students joined academic organizations to prepare for their futures while students joined non-academic organizations for immediate benefits such as making friends. Both groups indicated that their expectations were met and that they experienced personal benefits directed towards their goals, such as gains in field knowledge for students involved in academic organizations and interpersonal skill development for students in non-academic organizations. Implications for how administrators structure and direct students toward involvement opportunities are discussed. (Contains 1 table.)

Document number CIA-RDP86T00608R000500040004-0 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

In Tula, Russian President Vladimir Putin met with the heads of organizations of the Russian military-industrial complex that produce weapons for the special military operation in Ukraine. On this channel you can watch the English dubbed version of this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdEpvT9zweo Donation USDT (Network: Tron (TRC20)): TQD2ejBVvQYTEyvncQXgVjggzvjCdxTEP6 You will help the channel if you subscribe, like, leave a comment and share this video on your social networks. Thank you in advance! #VladimirPutin#Putin#Russia#Ukraine#Tula

Progress in research on coordinations in distributed organizations with variable structure is reported. A genetic algorithm approach for designing variable structure organizations is presented The effort to support model driven experimentation for Adaptive Architectures in Command and Control is described.

Perma.cc archive of https://abovethelaw.com/2020/01/public-interest-organizations-must-use-their-surge-in-donations-to-pay-their-lawyers-a-living-wage/ created on 2022-02-04 21:58:46.697559+00:00.

Perma.cc archive of https://justicepolicy.org/organize/partner-organizations-groups/ created on 2021-06-04 19:33:54+00:00.

A look at how the Newton Needham Regional Chamber, residents and the federal government are providing support for local businesses and organizations.

After first examining the underlying 'sameness' assumption of the dominant nomothetic (group-centered) research perspective, an alternative interactive theoretic assumption is proposed for organizational behavior. This calls for idiographic (individual-centered) research. Intensive single-case experimental designs and direct measures from the idiographic approach are presented and analyzed. (Author)

After first examining the underlying 'sameness' assumption of the dominant nomothetic (group-centered) research perspective, an alternative interactive theoretic assumption is proposed for organizational behavior. This calls for idiographic (individual-centered) research. Intensive single-case experimental designs and direct measures from the idiographic approach are presented and analyzed. (Author)

After first examining the underlying 'sameness' assumption of the dominant nomothetic (group-centered) research perspective, an alternative interactive theoretic assumption is proposed for organizational behavior. This calls for idiographic (individual-centered) research. Intensive single-case experimental designs and direct measures from the idiographic approach are presented and analyzed. (Author)

Perma.cc archive of https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/policy-news-views/amazon-donates-10-million-to-organizations-supporting-justice-and-equity created on 2022-09-13 19:04:12.691460+00:00.

A design methodology for Command and Control organizations is introduced in which the data flow structure is determined first and then the decision-making organization design is obtained. The data flow structure design focuses on information processing schemata whereas the decision-making organization design focuses on the allocation of functions to the decisionmakers. Data flow structures are generated and are subsequently augmented and transformed into C2 organizations. The candidate organizational designs are evaluated on the basis of their Measure of Effectiveness; and the design with the highest MOE value is selected. An example is used to illustrate the methodology. Keywords: Accuracy timeliness; Workload; systems engineering; Naval antiair warfare. (Author)

A design methodology for Command and Control organizations is introduced in which the data flow structure is determined first and then the decision-making organization design is obtained. The data flow structure design focuses on information processing schemata whereas the decision-making organization design focuses on the allocation of functions to the decisionmakers. Data flow structures are generated and are subsequently augmented and transformed into C2 organizations. The candidate organizational designs are evaluated on the basis of their Measure of Effectiveness; and the design with the highest MOE value is selected. An example is used to illustrate the methodology. Keywords: Accuracy timeliness; Workload; systems engineering; Naval antiair warfare. (Author)

A design methodology for Command and Control organizations is introduced in which the data flow structure is determined first and then the decision-making organization design is obtained. The data flow structure design focuses on information processing schemata whereas the decision-making organization design focuses on the allocation of functions to the decisionmakers. Data flow structures are generated and are subsequently augmented and transformed into C2 organizations. The candidate organizational designs are evaluated on the basis of their Measure of Effectiveness; and the design with the highest MOE value is selected. An example is used to illustrate the methodology. Keywords: Accuracy timeliness; Workload; systems engineering; Naval antiair warfare. (Author)

A design methodology for Command and Control organizations is introduced in which the data flow structure is determined first and then the decision-making organization design is obtained. The data flow structure design focuses on information processing schemata whereas the decision-making organization design focuses on the allocation of functions to the decisionmakers. Data flow structures are generated and are subsequently augmented and transformed into C2 organizations. The candidate organizational designs are evaluated on the basis of their Measure of Effectiveness; and the design with the highest MOE value is selected. An example is used to illustrate the methodology. Keywords: Accuracy timeliness; Workload; systems engineering; Naval antiair warfare. (Author)

1Ivanhoe

By Sir Walter Scott

Follows the fortunes of the son of a noble Saxon family in Norman England as he woos his lady, disobeys his father, and is loved by another. Set in late 12C England and in Palestine with Richard Cœur-de-Lion at the Crusades, it's another ripping historical yarn by Scott. (summary by annise)

2Talisman

By Sir Walter Scott

The Talisman is a gripping tale set near the end of the Third Crusade. King Richard the Lionheart is grievously ill, and all around him the leaders from allied countries plot and scheme to gain personal power, putting the future of the crusade in jeopardy. Sir Kenneth of Scotland finds himself caught up in events, and finds both his honour and his life are now on the line. Can a cure be found for the King? Can Kenneth redeem his honour? – Written by Rowen

3Rob Roy

By Sir Walter Scott

Rob Roy is a historical novel by Walter Scott. It is narrated by Frank Osbaldistone, the son of an English merchant who travels first to the North of England, and subsequently to the Scottish Highlands to collect a debt stolen from his father. On the way he encounters the larger-than-life title character of Rob Roy MacGregor. Though Rob Roy is not the lead character (in fact the narrative does not move to Scotland until half way through the book) his personality and actions are key to the development of the novel. (Summary from Wikipedia)

4Journals of Robert Falcon Scott; Vol 1 of 'Scott's Last Expedition'

By Leonard Huxley and Robert Falcon Scott

Capt. Robert F. Scott's bid to be the leader of the first expedition to reach the South Pole is one of the most famous journeys of all time. What started as a scientific expedition turned out to be an unwilling race against a team lead by R. Admunsen to reach the Pole. The Norwegian flag already stood at the end of the trail when Scott's party reached their target. All the five men of the Scott expedition who took part in the last march to the Pole perished on their way back to safety.<br><br> Robert F. Scott kept a journal throughout the journey, all the way to the tragic end, documenting all aspects of the expedition. The famous last words of the journal were: 'It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more. For God's sake look after our people.'<br> (Summary by Illiterati)

5Kenilworth

By Sir Walter Scott

An Elizabethan era historical novel by Scotland's master of fiction, Sir Walter Scott. With a cast of historical and created characters, including the Queen herself, Scott presents the sad history and tragic consequences of the secretive marriage of young Amy Robsart and the Earl of Leicester. (Summary by SK)

6Antiquary

By Andrew Lang and Sir Walter Scott

Illegitimacy, false identity, and bankruptcy are the major elements of Sir Walter Scott's 1816 novel, The Antiquary. Set in the period of the French Revolution, the novel's hero, Lovel, struggles to gain repute and the hand of his beloved despite his uncertain parentage. During these pursuits, he befriends the title's antiquary, Johnathan Oldbuck, who finds Lovel a captive audience to his scholarly studies and a tragic likeness to his own disappointments in love. Readers will discover whether Lovel's acts of bravery and courage ultimately earn him the birth and fortunes of a nobleman. (Summary by S. Kovalchik)

7Waverley, Volume 1

By Sir Walter Scott

<i>Waverley</i> is set during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, which sought to restore the Stuart dynasty in the person of Charles Edward Stuart (or 'Bonnie Prince Charlie'). It relates the story of a young dreamer and English soldier, Edward Waverley, who was sent to Scotland in 1745. He journeys North from his aristocratic family home, Waverley-Honour, in the south of England first to the Scottish Lowlands and the home of family friend Baron Bradwardine, then into the Highlands and the heart of the 1745 Jacobite uprising and aftermath. (Summary by Wikipedia)

The narrative poems in this collection are written by Sir Walter Scott - the well-known Scottish poet and novelist. Each of these five poems are based loosely upon German ballads: rewritten in flowing English meter. <br></br> * The Chase - a.k.a. The Wild Huntsman - A profligate, noble-born keeper of the royal forest - avidly addicted to the pleasures of the hunt - cruelly uses and mistreats his fellow-men. One day God's messengers come to test him: executing sentence immediately in just proportion to the huntsman's responses.<br></br> * William & Helen - William - long thought dead - unexpectedly returns at midnight from the crusades to marry his betrothed. Helen - relieved at his return - joyfully agree,s after initial misgivings: follows him on horseback into the night. Approaching the church in which they will celebrate their wedding: it is clear to Helen that all is not what it seems. But, with their mutual love strong enough to transcend death itself - what can possibly go wrong?<br></br> * The Fire King - Count Albert never returns from crusade: having being imprisoned by Saracens. Rosalie, his betrothed, swears to leave at once for Lebanon to find him. Rosalie succeeds - but alas, all is changed between them forever: and their parting is death itself.<br></br> * Frederick & Alice - Frederick breaks troth and abandons the beautiful Alice: sending her mad with grief. But Alice contrives to meet her faithless lover once more: beyond the grave.<br></br> * The Erl-King - The Erl-King (or Oak-King) sings for the soul of a human boy: who cringes for dear life within the arms of his father riding home through the dreary wood. But do spirits really have power to charm away the lives of the living?<br></br> (Introduction by Godsend)

Scott's The Bridal of Triermain is a rhymed, romantic, narrative poem which weaves together elements of popular English legend using dramatic themes. <br></br>This beautiful poem celebrates the exploits of a knight errant - Sir Roland De Vaux - as he seeks to rescue (and hopefully espouse) a beautiful maiden, Gyneth. Gyneth is the illegitimate daughter of King Arthur: doomed by Merlin 500 years previously to an enchanted sleep inside a magic castle. The enchantment can only be broken by a rescuer both brave and noble enough to overcome the temptations used successively to distract and overcome him, namely: fear, wealth, pleasure and pride.<br></br>(Introduction by Godsend)

Harold the Dauntless is a rhymed, romantic, narrative-poem by Sir Walter Scott. Written in 1817, it weaves together elements of popular English legends and folklore using dramatic themes.<br><br>The poem recounts the exploits and the personal spiritual journey of a doubtful knight errant - Harold the son of Danish Count Witikind: who seeks to recover his lands and wed a suitable spouse.<br><br>Fire-breathing Harold is as much a stranger to love as he is addicted to dangerous adventure: yet his own confrontations with the spirit-world shake his faith in supposed omnipotence of the traditional Norse pantheon.<br><br>Can a blood-thirsty warrior like Harold ever feel the raptures of love? <br><br>Can a man born to cherish gods of war really wish to exchange them for a God of peace?<br>(Introduction by Godsend)

11Waverley, Volume 2

By Sir Walter Scott

<i>Waverley</i> is set during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, which sought to restore the Stuart dynasty in the person of Charles Edward Stuart (or 'Bonnie Prince Charlie'). It relates the story of a young dreamer and English soldier, Edward Waverley, who was sent to Scotland in 1745. He journeys North from his aristocratic family home, Waverley-Honour, in the south of England first to the Scottish Lowlands and the home of family friend Baron Bradwardine, then into the Highlands and the heart of the 1745 Jacobite uprising and aftermath. (Summary by Wikipedia)

In stunning narrative poetry, the story begins during the time when Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick has been hunted out of Scotland into exile by the English and their allies. Bruce returns over sea from the Island of Rachrin: but is forced to land close to hostile forces at Artonish Castle on the seacoast of Argylshire. Seeking refuge from tempestuous seas, Bruce begs shelter from Ronald, Lord of the Isles: inadvertently on the day of his marriage feast to the beautiful Edith of Lorn.<br><br /> Bruce's very presence is enough to interrupt the nuptials and to break up the festivities: the guests quickly polarise into two armed and equally matched factions: one ready to raise Bruce to the Scottish crown, the other ready to slay him for desecration and murder. The combatants are dispersed with no bloodshed only by the combined offices of Lord Ronald himself, aided by a visiting Abbot: whereupon Bruce quickly removes himself to first the Island of Sky, and then Ayrshire: raising the an army willing to rout the English and re-establish Scottish independence. <br><br /> Bruce begins to win a steady stream of victories as his armies march inevitably towards Bannockburn. There, Bruce confronts Scotland's formidable enemy - led by the son of the Hammer of the Scots: the English outnumbering the Scots by more than two to one. <br><br /> - Can Bruce - the so-called fugitive, traitor, and turn-coat - succeed against the massed might of England?<br> - Will the beautiful Edith choose to side with her blood-relations - who fight for England; or with Lord Ronald, her betrothed - who marches to battle behind Scotland's Bruce? <br /> (Introduction by Godsend)

13Ivanhoe NL

By Sir Walter Scott

Ivanhoe is een historische roman uit 1819 van Sir Walter Scott. Het verhaal speelt ten tijde van het bewind van koning Richard Leeuwenhart en handelt over de smeulende tegenstellingen tussen de Normandiërs en de Saksen in de eeuwen na de Normandische verovering. De historische juistheid van het verhaal werd al meteen na verschijning van het boek in twijfel getrokken en Scott gaf ook toe dat het zeer waarschijnlijk was "dat ik de gebruiken van twee of drie eeuwen heb verward", maar hij troostte zich ermee dat "de fouten van deze aard aan de meeste lezers voorbij zou gaan".

14Lady of the Lake

By Sir Walter Scott

The scene of the following Poem is laid chiefly in the vicinity of Loch Katrine, in the Western Highlands of Perthshire. The time of Action includes Six Days, and the transactions of each Day occupy a Canto. (Summary by William J. Rolfe, ed.)

15Rival Pitchers of Oakdale

By Morgan Scott

Play Ball!!! It's the start of another baseball season at Oakdale Academy. But there is a rivalry brewing between the pitchers. One wants to be a starting pitcher, but he is inconsistent. Another, a new kid from Texas, has been mentored by last year's starter, and is proving to have talent. And don't forget that starting pitcher from last season, he wants to continue to take the rubber for the team. This should prove to be an exciting season for the boys! (Summary by Ann Boulais)

LibriVox volunteers bring you eight readings of End of Harvest, by William Bell Scott. This is the fortnightly poetry project for November 9, 2014.

17Monastery

By Sir Walter Scott

Dame Elspeth is kept in a tower after the death of her husband. The widow of the Baron of Avenel and her daughter seek safety with Elspeth in her tower. Hearing the baroness's deathbed confession, Father Philip notices her Bible. As he carries it to the Lord Abbot, it is taken from him by a White Lady. A sub-prior investigates this story and finds that the Bible is now back in the owner's hands. Later, Elspeth's son sees the White Lady when he snatches the Bible from a flaming altar. Intrigue follows intrigue. Halbert and Sir Piercie Shafton fight, and Halbert flees, leaving Sir Piercie mortally wounded. Shafton, however, recovers only to be accused of murdering Edward's missing brother. Mysie helps Shafton escape from jail. Edward has vowed to become a monk at the urging of the White Lady. After a battle between English and Scottish soldiers against Sir John's troops, Mysie is declared a suitable wife for Sir Piercie. The monks are allowed to keep their monastery. Summary by Bill Boerst, based on Wikipedia

18In the Village of Viger

By Duncan Campbell Scott

These ten superb short stories of Duncan Campbell Scott, published in 1896, portray humorous, farcical, and tragic aspects of life in the fictional Quebec village of Viger. Scott’s tales of the lives and vicissitudes of Viger’s inhabitants include an established milliner who is upset by the appearance of a younger, more popular rival; an innkeeper whose obsession with the Franco-Prussian War drives him mad; and a strange peddler with a carefully guarded secret that is accidentally revealed. <br><br> Duncan Campbell Scott was born in Ottawa, Ontario, in 1862. He entered the civil service in 1879 and remained until his retirement in 1932. Scott was an honored, skilled and popular poet, short-story writer, and essayist. He died in Ottawa in 1947. <br><br> For more information see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Campbell_Scott. (Lee Smalley)

An aging minstrel seeks who hospitality at Newark Castle and in recompense tells a tale of a sixteenth-century Border feud. In the poem, Lady Margaret Scott of Buccleuch, the "Flower of Teviot" is beloved by Baron Henry of Cranstown an ally of the Ker Clan, but a deadly feud exists between the two border clans of Scott and Carr/Ker, which has resulted in the recent murder of Lady Margaret's father, Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch by the Kers on the High Street in Edinburgh. Maragaret's widowed mother – Lady Janet – hates the Ker clan as a result, and is adamant in refusing her consent to any suggestion of marriage between the lovers. Summary by Wikipedia

20Woodstock, or, The Cavalier

By Sir Walter Scott

This novel is set during the English Civil War and the Commonwealth. It is comprised of real events, along with fictional ones. If you are looking for an adventure novel with romance and mystery, please look no further. This is Scott at his finest. - Summary by Stav Nisser.

A fun poem with a great rhythm . - Summary by Stav Nisser

22Black Dwarf

By Sir Walter Scott

The Black Dwarf is the first of the “Tales of My Landlord” series, which also includes The Bride of Lammermoor and The Heart of Midlothian. The third preliminary chapter depicts two horsemen arriving at the Wallace Inn in Gandercleugh, where one of the horsemen relates the tale. The story proper is set on the Scottish borders during the reign of Queen Anne. The Jacobite movement is in its infancy, but the inhabitants of this part of the country have enough to quarrel about without politics inciting them to it. Several families of high and low birth bear no good intentions to each other, and a weird, brooding dwarf, who wishes ill on all of humanity, seems to direct and perpetuate the mayhem from his lonely cottage on Mucklestane Moor. (tbragg)

23Marmion: A Tale of Flodden Field

By Sir Walter Scott

Marmion is an epic poem in six cantos, written in emulation of the ancient Scottish minstrel style which was of such great interest to Scott. Unlike its predecessor, The Lay of the Last Minstrel, this one contains "introductions" to each canto, in the guise of poetic letters which serve the purpose of linking the ancient historical setting with Scott's contemporaneous society - a device which attracted some criticism.<br></br>The story of Lord Marmion and his arch-enemy Harold de Wilton is told with Scott's familiar swirling dark flair, combining a complex tale of intrigue, inconstancy and deception with the historical details of the Battle of Flodden Field, in which the English forces routed those of Scotland, killing the Scottish king. - Summary by Peter Tucker

24Romance of Polar Exploration

By G. Firth Scott

While stories of the Polar explorers and their efforts to reach the Poles have been told again and again, the constant renewal of expeditions adds, every year, fresh incidents to the record, until it may almost be said that the fascination of the frozen regions is as inexhaustible as the list of Polar heroes is illimitable. Nor is the interest confined solely to the achievement of modern explorers. However great the results of their exertions may be, the fact that, in spite of all the advantages conferred by recent scientific discovery and modern appliances, the explorers of to-day have failed to penetrate the uttermost secrets of the worlds of ice, renders more impressively heroic the struggles of the earlier travellers, whose equipment, viewed in comparison with that of modern man, was apparently so inadequate and often inappropriate. <br></br> No series of Polar adventure stories would be complete without a prominent place being given to the earlier explorers, and especially to that British hero, Franklin, whose name is so inseparably associated with the history of Arctic exploration. The account of his daring voyages and of his tragic end, at the moment of victory, has already been given in many a form; but the tale is one which will stand re-telling for generations yet to come. In the present instance it has been of necessity briefly written, but in such a manner as will, it is hoped, without loss of interest, render clear a comparison of the conditions under which he and his brave companions worked and fought to their death, with those that existed for later expeditions and especially the expeditions of Nansen, Peary, and Abruzzi. <br></br> The Antarctic, equally with the Arctic, now commands the attention of man. In the South, as in the North, the British race has again produced explorers who have fought their way into the icy fastnesses. From the time that Captain Cook sailed round the unknown southern ocean, more than a century ago, the British flag has waved in the forefront of the advance. The work which Sir James Ross began, over half a century since, has now been carried farther than ever it was anticipated it could be. By the voyage of the Discovery, the Antarctic continent has been revealed to within five hundred miles of the Pole, and in the gallant exploits of the commander, Captain Robert Scott, there are many who see a repetition of all that made the name of Franklin so immortal. <br></br> The source of the information on which these stories are based (as is frequently mentioned in the text) is the personal narrative of the explorer concerned, where available; and if the interest aroused in any of them requires more to satisfy it than the exigencies of space renders possible in this volume, the attention which will thereby be drawn to the more comprehensive records will stand as a slight acknowledgment of the indebtedness of the writer of these re-told stories to the authors of the original narratives. - Summary by the Preface