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The food preferences of four species of Enchytraeidae have been examined by three techniques: 1. fungal baits; 2. squash preparations of the gut ; 3. culturing the gut content. Four fungal species common inf forest soils of the Kananaskis region were tested as baits for the soil fauna. About 3000 animals comprising collembola, mites, insect larvae, nematodes and enchytraeids were collected from 500 baits. About 47 % of the total catch occurred on Ceuthospora baits, 37 % on Cladosporium sp., 8 % on Penicillium sp., and 8 % on Paecilomyces sp. Of the total Enchytraeidae, 53 % were on Cladosporium baits, 42 % on Ceuthospora, 4 % on Penicillium and 1 % on Paecilomyces. Analysis of gut contents of enchytraeids showed them to have a high content of fungal material in the preclittelar portions. Isolation experiments produced on Penicillium sp. (different from the one used as bait) and the Cladosporium sp. from the preclitellar portions of the gut of enchytraeids extracted from soil samples. Isolations made from postclitellar gut content did not give rise to fungal colonies but produced Actinomycetes. Ingested nematodes have been recorded in the gut of enchytraeids and nematode parasites have been recorded in the coelom of enchytraeids.

The food preferences of four species of Enchytraeidae have been examined by three techniques: 1. fungal baits; 2. squash preparations of the gut ; 3. culturing the gut content. Four fungal species common inf forest soils of the Kananaskis region were tested as baits for the soil fauna. About 3000 animals comprising collembola, mites, insect larvae, nematodes and enchytraeids were collected from 500 baits. About 47 % of the total catch occurred on Ceuthospora baits, 37 % on Cladosporium sp., 8 % on Penicillium sp., and 8 % on Paecilomyces sp. Of the total Enchytraeidae, 53 % were on Cladosporium baits, 42 % on Ceuthospora, 4 % on Penicillium and 1 % on Paecilomyces. Analysis of gut contents of enchytraeids showed them to have a high content of fungal material in the preclittelar portions. Isolation experiments produced on Penicillium sp. (different from the one used as bait) and the Cladosporium sp. from the preclitellar portions of the gut of enchytraeids extracted from soil samples. Isolations made from postclitellar gut content did not give rise to fungal colonies but produced Actinomycetes. Ingested nematodes have been recorded in the gut of enchytraeids and nematode parasites have been recorded in the coelom of enchytraeids.

The food preferences of four species of Enchytraeidae have been examined by three techniques: 1. fungal baits; 2. squash preparations of the gut ; 3. culturing the gut content. Four fungal species common inf forest soils of the Kananaskis region were tested as baits for the soil fauna. About 3000 animals comprising collembola, mites, insect larvae, nematodes and enchytraeids were collected from 500 baits. About 47 % of the total catch occurred on Ceuthospora baits, 37 % on Cladosporium sp., 8 % on Penicillium sp., and 8 % on Paecilomyces sp. Of the total Enchytraeidae, 53 % were on Cladosporium baits, 42 % on Ceuthospora, 4 % on Penicillium and 1 % on Paecilomyces. Analysis of gut contents of enchytraeids showed them to have a high content of fungal material in the preclittelar portions. Isolation experiments produced on Penicillium sp. (different from the one used as bait) and the Cladosporium sp. from the preclitellar portions of the gut of enchytraeids extracted from soil samples. Isolations made from postclitellar gut content did not give rise to fungal colonies but produced Actinomycetes. Ingested nematodes have been recorded in the gut of enchytraeids and nematode parasites have been recorded in the coelom of enchytraeids.

The food preferences of four species of Enchytraeidae have been examined by three techniques: 1. fungal baits; 2. squash preparations of the gut ; 3. culturing the gut content. Four fungal species common inf forest soils of the Kananaskis region were tested as baits for the soil fauna. About 3000 animals comprising collembola, mites, insect larvae, nematodes and enchytraeids were collected from 500 baits. About 47 % of the total catch occurred on Ceuthospora baits, 37 % on Cladosporium sp., 8 % on Penicillium sp., and 8 % on Paecilomyces sp. Of the total Enchytraeidae, 53 % were on Cladosporium baits, 42 % on Ceuthospora, 4 % on Penicillium and 1 % on Paecilomyces. Analysis of gut contents of enchytraeids showed them to have a high content of fungal material in the preclittelar portions. Isolation experiments produced on Penicillium sp. (different from the one used as bait) and the Cladosporium sp. from the preclitellar portions of the gut of enchytraeids extracted from soil samples. Isolations made from postclitellar gut content did not give rise to fungal colonies but produced Actinomycetes. Ingested nematodes have been recorded in the gut of enchytraeids and nematode parasites have been recorded in the coelom of enchytraeids.

The food preferences of four species of Enchytraeidae have been examined by three techniques: 1. fungal baits; 2. squash preparations of the gut ; 3. culturing the gut content. Four fungal species common inf forest soils of the Kananaskis region were tested as baits for the soil fauna. About 3000 animals comprising collembola, mites, insect larvae, nematodes and enchytraeids were collected from 500 baits. About 47 % of the total catch occurred on Ceuthospora baits, 37 % on Cladosporium sp., 8 % on Penicillium sp., and 8 % on Paecilomyces sp. Of the total Enchytraeidae, 53 % were on Cladosporium baits, 42 % on Ceuthospora, 4 % on Penicillium and 1 % on Paecilomyces. Analysis of gut contents of enchytraeids showed them to have a high content of fungal material in the preclittelar portions. Isolation experiments produced on Penicillium sp. (different from the one used as bait) and the Cladosporium sp. from the preclitellar portions of the gut of enchytraeids extracted from soil samples. Isolations made from postclitellar gut content did not give rise to fungal colonies but produced Actinomycetes. Ingested nematodes have been recorded in the gut of enchytraeids and nematode parasites have been recorded in the coelom of enchytraeids.

ln this paper a number of fungi are reported, many of which are pioneer colonisers, decomposing the trash of pines, more especially of Pinus sylvestris. lt is probable that during the process the microclimate plays a selective role. Pine needles rich in carbohydrates are shown to have a rnycoflora different from that on needle which are poor in these substances. In the decomposition of the former two subsequent stages may be distinguished depending on the water supply. Short descriptions supplement the key to the species treated.

ln this paper a number of fungi are reported, many of which are pioneer colonisers, decomposing the trash of pines, more especially of Pinus sylvestris. lt is probable that during the process the microclimate plays a selective role. Pine needles rich in carbohydrates are shown to have a rnycoflora different from that on needle which are poor in these substances. In the decomposition of the former two subsequent stages may be distinguished depending on the water supply. Short descriptions supplement the key to the species treated.

ln this paper a number of fungi are reported, many of which are pioneer colonisers, decomposing the trash of pines, more especially of Pinus sylvestris. lt is probable that during the process the microclimate plays a selective role. Pine needles rich in carbohydrates are shown to have a rnycoflora different from that on needle which are poor in these substances. In the decomposition of the former two subsequent stages may be distinguished depending on the water supply. Short descriptions supplement the key to the species treated.

ln this paper a number of fungi are reported, many of which are pioneer colonisers, decomposing the trash of pines, more especially of Pinus sylvestris. lt is probable that during the process the microclimate plays a selective role. Pine needles rich in carbohydrates are shown to have a rnycoflora different from that on needle which are poor in these substances. In the decomposition of the former two subsequent stages may be distinguished depending on the water supply. Short descriptions supplement the key to the species treated.

ln this paper a number of fungi are reported, many of which are pioneer colonisers, decomposing the trash of pines, more especially of Pinus sylvestris. lt is probable that during the process the microclimate plays a selective role. Pine needles rich in carbohydrates are shown to have a rnycoflora different from that on needle which are poor in these substances. In the decomposition of the former two subsequent stages may be distinguished depending on the water supply. Short descriptions supplement the key to the species treated.

ln this paper a number of fungi are reported, many of which are pioneer colonisers, decomposing the trash of pines, more especially of Pinus sylvestris. lt is probable that during the process the microclimate plays a selective role. Pine needles rich in carbohydrates are shown to have a rnycoflora different from that on needle which are poor in these substances. In the decomposition of the former two subsequent stages may be distinguished depending on the water supply. Short descriptions supplement the key to the species treated.

ln this paper a number of fungi are reported, many of which are pioneer colonisers, decomposing the trash of pines, more especially of Pinus sylvestris. lt is probable that during the process the microclimate plays a selective role. Pine needles rich in carbohydrates are shown to have a rnycoflora different from that on needle which are poor in these substances. In the decomposition of the former two subsequent stages may be distinguished depending on the water supply. Short descriptions supplement the key to the species treated.

Bibliography: p. 69-72

Bibliography: p. 69-72

Bibliography: p. 69-72

Bibliography: p. 69-72

Bibliography: p. 69-72

Bibliography: p. 69-72

Conclusions: (1) Large doses of enzyme preparations of the fungi Trichothecium roseum, Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I, and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 exerted no harmful effect upon white mice when administered perorally to animals in acute experiments. (2) In acute experiments on white mice with intraperitoneal injections of large doses, the same preparations caused a clinical and pathological picture of disease in the experimental animals, largely coinciding with the symptom complex arising when the animals are fed fusarium-infected grain. (3) Peroral administration of several aggravated 'industrial' doses of enzyme preparations from the fungi indicated above to white mice over a period of 30 days caused no diseases or visible pathological anatomical changes. (4) The data obtained give no basis for objecting to the use of a preparation of the fungus Trichothecium roseum for extensive industrial testing in the brewing industry, as well as enzyme preparations of the fungi Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 for the same tests in the baking industry. (5) The production of the indicated enzyme preparations and their use in the brewing and baking industries should be conducted according to the corresponding technological conditions.

Conclusions: (1) Large doses of enzyme preparations of the fungi Trichothecium roseum, Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I, and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 exerted no harmful effect upon white mice when administered perorally to animals in acute experiments. (2) In acute experiments on white mice with intraperitoneal injections of large doses, the same preparations caused a clinical and pathological picture of disease in the experimental animals, largely coinciding with the symptom complex arising when the animals are fed fusarium-infected grain. (3) Peroral administration of several aggravated 'industrial' doses of enzyme preparations from the fungi indicated above to white mice over a period of 30 days caused no diseases or visible pathological anatomical changes. (4) The data obtained give no basis for objecting to the use of a preparation of the fungus Trichothecium roseum for extensive industrial testing in the brewing industry, as well as enzyme preparations of the fungi Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 for the same tests in the baking industry. (5) The production of the indicated enzyme preparations and their use in the brewing and baking industries should be conducted according to the corresponding technological conditions.

Conclusions: (1) Large doses of enzyme preparations of the fungi Trichothecium roseum, Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I, and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 exerted no harmful effect upon white mice when administered perorally to animals in acute experiments. (2) In acute experiments on white mice with intraperitoneal injections of large doses, the same preparations caused a clinical and pathological picture of disease in the experimental animals, largely coinciding with the symptom complex arising when the animals are fed fusarium-infected grain. (3) Peroral administration of several aggravated 'industrial' doses of enzyme preparations from the fungi indicated above to white mice over a period of 30 days caused no diseases or visible pathological anatomical changes. (4) The data obtained give no basis for objecting to the use of a preparation of the fungus Trichothecium roseum for extensive industrial testing in the brewing industry, as well as enzyme preparations of the fungi Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 for the same tests in the baking industry. (5) The production of the indicated enzyme preparations and their use in the brewing and baking industries should be conducted according to the corresponding technological conditions.

Conclusions: (1) Large doses of enzyme preparations of the fungi Trichothecium roseum, Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I, and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 exerted no harmful effect upon white mice when administered perorally to animals in acute experiments. (2) In acute experiments on white mice with intraperitoneal injections of large doses, the same preparations caused a clinical and pathological picture of disease in the experimental animals, largely coinciding with the symptom complex arising when the animals are fed fusarium-infected grain. (3) Peroral administration of several aggravated 'industrial' doses of enzyme preparations from the fungi indicated above to white mice over a period of 30 days caused no diseases or visible pathological anatomical changes. (4) The data obtained give no basis for objecting to the use of a preparation of the fungus Trichothecium roseum for extensive industrial testing in the brewing industry, as well as enzyme preparations of the fungi Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 for the same tests in the baking industry. (5) The production of the indicated enzyme preparations and their use in the brewing and baking industries should be conducted according to the corresponding technological conditions.

Conclusions: (1) Large doses of enzyme preparations of the fungi Trichothecium roseum, Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I, and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 exerted no harmful effect upon white mice when administered perorally to animals in acute experiments. (2) In acute experiments on white mice with intraperitoneal injections of large doses, the same preparations caused a clinical and pathological picture of disease in the experimental animals, largely coinciding with the symptom complex arising when the animals are fed fusarium-infected grain. (3) Peroral administration of several aggravated 'industrial' doses of enzyme preparations from the fungi indicated above to white mice over a period of 30 days caused no diseases or visible pathological anatomical changes. (4) The data obtained give no basis for objecting to the use of a preparation of the fungus Trichothecium roseum for extensive industrial testing in the brewing industry, as well as enzyme preparations of the fungi Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 for the same tests in the baking industry. (5) The production of the indicated enzyme preparations and their use in the brewing and baking industries should be conducted according to the corresponding technological conditions.

Conclusions: (1) Large doses of enzyme preparations of the fungi Trichothecium roseum, Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I, and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 exerted no harmful effect upon white mice when administered perorally to animals in acute experiments. (2) In acute experiments on white mice with intraperitoneal injections of large doses, the same preparations caused a clinical and pathological picture of disease in the experimental animals, largely coinciding with the symptom complex arising when the animals are fed fusarium-infected grain. (3) Peroral administration of several aggravated 'industrial' doses of enzyme preparations from the fungi indicated above to white mice over a period of 30 days caused no diseases or visible pathological anatomical changes. (4) The data obtained give no basis for objecting to the use of a preparation of the fungus Trichothecium roseum for extensive industrial testing in the brewing industry, as well as enzyme preparations of the fungi Aspergillus oryzae strain No. 476I and Aspergillus awamori strain No. 673 for the same tests in the baking industry. (5) The production of the indicated enzyme preparations and their use in the brewing and baking industries should be conducted according to the corresponding technological conditions.

This article is from Brazilian Journal of Microbiology , volume 39 . Abstract The mandibular gland secretion (MGS) and the faecal fluid (FF) of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel affected the spore germination of selected microfungi isolated from nests of this insect. MGS was more effective than the FF, completely inhibiting the spore germination of four out of six microfungi species.

This article is from Brazilian Journal of Microbiology , volume 39 . Abstract The mandibular gland secretion (MGS) and the faecal fluid (FF) of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel affected the spore germination of selected microfungi isolated from nests of this insect. MGS was more effective than the FF, completely inhibiting the spore germination of four out of six microfungi species.

This article is from Brazilian Journal of Microbiology , volume 39 . Abstract The mandibular gland secretion (MGS) and the faecal fluid (FF) of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel affected the spore germination of selected microfungi isolated from nests of this insect. MGS was more effective than the FF, completely inhibiting the spore germination of four out of six microfungi species.

This article is from Brazilian Journal of Microbiology , volume 39 . Abstract The mandibular gland secretion (MGS) and the faecal fluid (FF) of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel affected the spore germination of selected microfungi isolated from nests of this insect. MGS was more effective than the FF, completely inhibiting the spore germination of four out of six microfungi species.

This article is from Brazilian Journal of Microbiology , volume 39 . Abstract The mandibular gland secretion (MGS) and the faecal fluid (FF) of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel affected the spore germination of selected microfungi isolated from nests of this insect. MGS was more effective than the FF, completely inhibiting the spore germination of four out of six microfungi species.

The fungal population on decomposing litter and upper organic layer of an ash stand was isolated monthly by the soil washing technique. The isolates were tested for their ability to utilize six pure litter compounds, gelatine, starch, pectin, cellulose, chitin and gallic acid. The highest potential of cellulose decomposition appeared in March caused by Phoma spp. The most frequent fungus in the litter was Phomopsis scobina with a versatile utilization pattern, and in the upper organic horizon, Mortierella spp. were able to utilize all the test compounds including gallic acid. A marked shift in the composition of the fungal flora was observed when the litter was decomposed in June.

Counts of fungi in samples of beech mull and beech mor soils have been made, using different plating media. Malt extract agar and a synthetic glucose agar gave almost the same results: 50.000-400.000 per gm. of the mull soils, and 150.000-1.100.000 per gm. of the mor soils. On DPYA (dextrose peptone yeast extract agar), using a slightly modified technique, considerably higher results were obtained: 500.000-1.800.000 for the mull soils, and 1.200.000-5.000.000 for the mor soils. However, the ratio between mull and mor was approximately the same in both cases: on an average 3-4 times higher numbers per gm. of dry soil in mor than in mull soils. In order to study the composition of the fungus flora of the two soil types, a total of 3411 strains were isolated and classified (1697 from mull soils and 1714 from rnor soils). Furthermore, as a supplement to the dilution plates, a number of different agar media were inoculated directly with soil particles, and the developing fungi studied. The main conclusion of these qualitative studies was that the mull soils, in spite of the lower counts per gm., contain appreciably higher numbers of genera and species than the mor soils. The order Mucorales was studied most thoroughly, and within this order 22 species were demonstrated in mull soils and only 15 in mor soils.

Counts of fungi in samples of beech mull and beech mor soils have been made, using different plating media. Malt extract agar and a synthetic glucose agar gave almost the same results: 50.000-400.000 per gm. of the mull soils, and 150.000-1.100.000 per gm. of the mor soils. On DPYA (dextrose peptone yeast extract agar), using a slightly modified technique, considerably higher results were obtained: 500.000-1.800.000 for the mull soils, and 1.200.000-5.000.000 for the mor soils. However, the ratio between mull and mor was approximately the same in both cases: on an average 3-4 times higher numbers per gm. of dry soil in mor than in mull soils. In order to study the composition of the fungus flora of the two soil types, a total of 3411 strains were isolated and classified (1697 from mull soils and 1714 from rnor soils). Furthermore, as a supplement to the dilution plates, a number of different agar media were inoculated directly with soil particles, and the developing fungi studied. The main conclusion of these qualitative studies was that the mull soils, in spite of the lower counts per gm., contain appreciably higher numbers of genera and species than the mor soils. The order Mucorales was studied most thoroughly, and within this order 22 species were demonstrated in mull soils and only 15 in mor soils.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27) and index