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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Objective: Functional trans-generational and parental effects are potentially important determinants of health in several mammals. For humans, the existing evidence is weak. We investigate whether disease exposure triggers functional trans-generational response effects among humans by analyzing siblings who were conceived under different disease loads, and comparing their mortality in later epidemics. Under functional trans-generational response mechanisms, we expect that those who were conceived under high pathogenic stress load will have relatively low mortality during a later epidemic. Methods: We use data from the Registre de la Population du Québec Ancien, which covers the historical population living in St. Lawrence Valley, Québec, Canada. Children born in 1705–1724 were grouped according to their exposure during conception to the measles 1714–15 epidemic. The 1714–15 epidemic was followed by two mortality crises in 1729–1734. The cause of the first crises in 1729 is not exactly known. The second crisis in 1732 was caused by a smallpox epidemic. Using proportional hazard Cox regression models with multivariate adjustment and with fixed-effects approach that compare siblings, we analyze whether mortality in 1729–1734 is affected by exposure to the 1714–15 epidemic. Results: Children who were conceived during the peak of the measles epidemic of 1714–15 exhibited significantly lower mortality during the 1729–1734 crisis than those who were born before the 1714–15 epidemic (mortality hazard ratio 0.106, p

The test results for a functional model ac motor controller for electric vehicles and a three-phase induction motor which were dynamically tested on the Lewis Research Center road load simulator are presented. Results show that the controller has the capability to meet the SAE-J227a D cycle test schedule and to accelerate a 1576-kg (3456-lb) simulated vehicle to a cruise speed of 88.5 km/hr (55 mph). Combined motor controller efficiency is 72 percent and the power inverter efficiency alone is 89 percent for the cruise region of the D cycle. Steady state test results for motoring, regeneration, and thermal data obtained by operating the simulator as a conventional dynamometer are in agreement with the contractor's previously reported data. The regeneration test results indicate that a reduction in energy requirements for urban driving cycles is attainable with regenerative braking. Test results and data in this report serve as a data base for further development of ac motor controllers and propulsion systems for electric vehicles. The controller uses state-of-the-art silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) power semiconductors and microprocessor-based logic and control circuitry. The controller was developed by Gould Laboratories under a Lewis contract for the Department of Energy's Electric and Hybrid Vehicle program.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: This systematic review examines how neuroplasticity facilitates learning in contexts of cognitive load, with a specific focus on findings from functional neuroimaging and non-invasive brain stimulation studies. As learning technologies advance to support heterogeneous learners in online environments characterized by cognitive load, understanding the neural mechanisms of adaptive learning becomes increasingly crucial. Neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize in response to experience and training, provides a promising foundation for informing inclusive and personalized learning design. Methods: The present study synthesized findings from 92 empirical studies published between 2005 and 2025, following PRISMA guidelines, across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Studies were selected based on rigorous inclusion criteria prioritizing functional MRI (fMRI), EEG, and transcranial brain stimulation research that explored learning outcomes under high cognitive load. Emphasis was placed on research with direct implications for digital learning contexts, including online platforms and adaptive educational tools. Results: The review demonstrates that goal-directed prefrontal and parietal brain network activation during cognitive load promotes plasticity associated with improved working memory, attentional control, and learning transfer. Neurofeedback, brain-computer interface, and real-time adaptive feedback training interventions can improve learning outcomes, particularly in neurodiverse learners. Additionally, brain stimulation methods such as tDCS and TMS demonstrate the potential to modulate plasticity, which can enhance cognitive performance under challenging learning tasks. Conclusions: Insights from neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies provide a valuable evidence base for designing inclusive educational technologies that support learners under cognitive stress. Integrating neuroplasticity-informed principles into developing online learning environments may enable more equitable, adaptive, and cognitively sustainable learning experiences. Future research should investigate how real-time neural data can be ethically and effectively integrated into intelligent educational systems to provide personalized support across diverse learning profiles.

We show examples of single event functional interrupt and destructive failure in modern POL devices. The increasing complexity and diversity of the design and process introduce hard SEE modes that are triggered by various mechanisms.

This study aims to characterize the load-velocity profile for squats and bench press exercises using a Smith machine and examine their associations with physical function (SPPB, TUG) and 24-hour movement behavior (via wrist-worn accelerometers) in community-dwelling older adults aged 60+. The outcomes will inform optimal training prescription for neuromuscular performance in aging populations.

Frequency counts are a measure of how much use a language makes of a linguistic unit, such as a phoneme or word. However, what is often important is not the units themselves, but the contrasts between them. A measure is therefore needed for how much use a language makes of a contrast, i.e. the functional load (FL) of the contrast. We generalize previous work in linguistics and speech recognition and propose a family of measures for the FL of several phonological contrasts, including phonemic oppositions, distinctive features, suprasegmentals, and phonological rules. We then test it for robustness to changes of corpora. Finally, we provide examples in Cantonese, Dutch, English, German and Mandarin, in the context of historical linguistics, language acquisition and speech recognition. More information can be found at http://dinoj.info/research/fload

by Jan Včelák At: FOSDEM 2019 https://video.fosdem.org/2019/K.4.601/dns_flamethrower.webm Flamethrower is a new DNS performance and functional testing utility. Originally envisioned as an “improved dnsperf” and allowing simulation of realistic looking traffic patterns it has become a versatile tool for DNS server development and load testing. We will discuss motivations for its existence, its technical architecture, and use cases. Room: K.4.601 Scheduled start: 2019-02-03 13:00:00+01 Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iONXcli1afI Uploader: FOSDEM

This article deals with the problem of calculating the additional real-power losses in double-wound supply transformers with voltage class 6 (10)/0,4 kV, caused by unbalanced active inductive load connected in a star connection with an insulated neutral. When solving the problem, authors used the theory of electric circuits, method of balanced components, field and comparative experiment, modern devices for the analysis and synthesis of electric circuits. With the research results authors obtained the functional dependence, allowing calculating the additional losses in the transformer caused by unbalanced load, which differ from the similar ones due to the use phase resistance. In order to confirm the obtained functional dependence, researchers measured current, voltage and real power for each phase of "distribution transformer-unbalanced load" module. The experiment results allowed making a conclusion that the real-power losses, calculated according to the classical formula, should be adjusted in accordance with the developed functional dependence. The application of functional dependence is possible in organizations involved in the design, replacement and upgrading of transformer substations of urban and industrial distribution networks of electric power systems in order to increase energy savings in them.

MEASUREMENT CRITERIA ARE DEVELOPED FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL LOAD OF THE PHONEMES OF A LANGUAGE. THE CONCEPT OF FUNCTIONAL LOAD OR YIELD, FROM CERTAIN THEORIES OF LINGUISTIC CHANGE, STATES THAT SOME CONTRASTS BETWEEN THE DISTINCTIVE SOUNDS OF A LANGUAGE DO MORE WORK THAN OTHERS BY OCCURRING MORE FREQUENTLY AND IN MORE LINGUISTIC ENVIRONMENTS THAN OTHER CONTRASTS. THE CRITERIA DEVELOPED, WHICH UTILIZE SHANNON'S MEASURE OF ENTROPY, CAN BE USED TO MEASURE THE WORK OF PHONEMES, ALLOPHONES, OR COMPONENTS AND ARE THUS APPLICABLE IN ALL CURRENT THEORIES OF PHONOLOGY. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THERE IS A BALANCE POINT IN THE PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF ANY LANGUAGE BETWEEN THE FORCE OF LEAST EFFORT LEADING TO LOWEST REDUNDANCY AND THE NEED TO BE UNDERSTOOD, WHICH LEADS TO LOWER RELATIVE ENTROPY. (KL)

MEASUREMENT CRITERIA ARE DEVELOPED FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL LOAD OF THE PHONEMES OF A LANGUAGE. THE CONCEPT OF FUNCTIONAL LOAD OR YIELD, FROM CERTAIN THEORIES OF LINGUISTIC CHANGE, STATES THAT SOME CONTRASTS BETWEEN THE DISTINCTIVE SOUNDS OF A LANGUAGE DO MORE WORK THAN OTHERS BY OCCURRING MORE FREQUENTLY AND IN MORE LINGUISTIC ENVIRONMENTS THAN OTHER CONTRASTS. THE CRITERIA DEVELOPED, WHICH UTILIZE SHANNON'S MEASURE OF ENTROPY, CAN BE USED TO MEASURE THE WORK OF PHONEMES, ALLOPHONES, OR COMPONENTS AND ARE THUS APPLICABLE IN ALL CURRENT THEORIES OF PHONOLOGY. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THERE IS A BALANCE POINT IN THE PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF ANY LANGUAGE BETWEEN THE FORCE OF LEAST EFFORT LEADING TO LOWEST REDUNDANCY AND THE NEED TO BE UNDERSTOOD, WHICH LEADS TO LOWER RELATIVE ENTROPY. (KL)

We introduce a novel functional time series methodology for short-term load forecasting. The prediction is performed by means of a weighted average of past daily load segments, the shape of which is similar to the expected shape of the load segment to be predicted. The past load segments are identified from the available history of the observed load segments by means of their closeness to a so-called reference load segment, the later being selected in a manner that captures the expected qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the load segment to be predicted. Weak consistency of the suggested functional similar shape predictor is established. As an illustration, we apply the suggested functional time series forecasting methodology to historical daily load data in Cyprus and compare its performance to that of a recently proposed alternative functional time series methodology for short-term load forecasting.

Introduction. Issues on the functional unification of the adaptive hydraulic  drive  module  are  studied.  For  the  first  time,  self-adapting   mechanisms   are   considered   taking   into   account adaptive intercommunication of the load control and agreement of motions on the working body of the mobile machines. The work objective is to create and analyze the technique of the functional unification of the adaptive hydraulic drive module. In the furtherance of this goal, a number of tasks are solved. The selection of technical equipment – unified adaptive hydraulic drive  modules  of  the  mobile  machines  –  is  validated.  The methodology   and    indicators   of    the    module    functional unification are described. Intercommunications are considered: direct  positive  and  back  negative  ones.  Their  effect  on  the functional unification property of the adaptive module is shown. Materials and Methods. For the synthesis and analysis of the functional  unification  indicators  of  the  adaptive  module,  a similarity method of the technical systems operation is adopted. Research     Results.     Techniques     for     structural-functional unification   of   the   self-adapting   modules   are   developed. Optional  versions  of  the  unified  modules  modification  and proper combinations of hydraulic motors, regulating equipment, and  mathematical  models  of  adaptive  communications  are presented. Criteria  and  indicators  of similarity are  proposed. The functional unification of the adaptive intercommunications of the module and different types of the hydraulic motors and fluid throttling elements in the hydraulic system are analyzed. Recommendations for implementing the functional unification under typing and operation (adjustment) of the adaptive module are formulated. Discussion and Conclusions. The methodology is recommended for the functional unification of the hydraulic self-adapting module. It can be used for the development of unit sizes and under its operation as an independent drive or a hydraulic drive subsystem of a multifunctional or combined machine.

Mean profiles are widely used as indicators of the electricity consumption habits of customers. Currently, in \'Electricit\'e De France (EDF), class load profiles are estimated using point-wise mean function. Unfortunately, it is well known that the mean is highly sensitive to the presence of outliers, such as one or more consumers with unusually high-levels of consumption. In this paper, we propose an alternative to the mean profile: the $L_1$-median profile which is more robust. When dealing with large datasets of functional data (load curves for example), survey sampling approaches are useful for estimating the median profile avoiding storing the whole data. We propose here estimators of the median trajectory using several sampling strategies and estimators. A comparison between them is illustrated by means of a test population. We develop a stratification based on the linearized variable which substantially improves the accuracy of the estimator compared to simple random sampling without replacement. We suggest also an improved estimator that takes into account auxiliary information. Some potential areas for future research are also highlighted.

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Standards Organization: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Division Name: Transport Engineering Section Name: Aircraft and Space Vehicles (TED 14) Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 11438 Title of Legally Binding Document: Functional requirements for air cargo unit load devices transport vehicles (UTV) Number of Amendments: Equivalence: Superceding: Superceded by: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New --Jawaharlal Nehru Invent a new India using knowledge. --Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda