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Tom Curran talks with Chris Long about his impressions of the Patriots through their first two games. Should Patriots fans be more optimistic? What will it take to keep Bill off the hot seat?  1:30-Chris Long a big fan of Keion White 4:30-Has the offense improved since last season? 9:00-Should Bill Belichick be on the hot seat? 18:30-Mentality of a locker room after an 0-2 start Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/ikN2NiHH-0kDownload the NEW NBC Sports Boston app:  https://www.nbcsportsboston.com/news/the-new-nbc-sports-boston-mobile-app-is-here/534513/ See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Welcome back to MAKE IT SO, a Star Trek: Picard podcast and to a special run of supplementary episodes over the coming months.In this episode, host Luke Winch talks to New York Times bestselling author John Jackson Miller about his new Star Trek: Picard tie-in novel, Rogue Elements.\"Starfleet was everything for Cristóbal Rios-until one horrible, inexplicable day when it all went wrong. Aimless and adrift, he grasps at a chance for a future as an independent freighter captain in an area betrayed by the Federation, the border region with the former Romulan Empire. His greatest desire: to be left alone.But solitude isn't in the cards for the captain of La Sirena, who falls into debt to a roving gang of hoodlums from a planet whose society is based on Prohibition-era Earth. Teamed against his will with Ledger, his conniving overseer, Rios begins an odyssey that brings him into conflict with outlaws and fortune seekers, with power brokers and relic hunters across the stars.Exotic loves and locales await-as well as dangers galore-and Rios learns the hard way that good crewmembers are hard to find, even when you can create your own. And while his meeting with Jean-Luc Picard is years away, Rios finds himself drawing on the Starfleet legend's experiences when he discovers a mystery that began on one of the galaxy's most important days...\"We discuss the novel, his writing process, touch on characters and themes, before answering some listener questions.Host / EditorLuke WinchSpecial GuestJohn Jackson MillerSupport the We Made This network on Patreon:www.patreon.com/wemadethisTwitter: @jeanlucpodardJoin our We Made Treks: Star Trek Podcasts & Discussion on Facebook for all things Trek: https://www.facebook.com/groups/439333680441946We Made This on Twitter: @wmt_networkTitle music: La Liberte (c) Dream Cave via epidemicsound.com

Everyone knows the classical elements: earth, water, air, and fire.However, these are rarely understood as they are usually presented - as generalities. In truth, each of these elements has its own character and principles that can be used in magick. Astrological magick is an excellent example of how the classical elements should be viewed for their individual strengths and weaknesses.As with all potential areas of study in occultism, it's good to be aware of where these ideas come from. Each culture will have their own take on them but the same fundamental concepts will almost always exist within those cultures. The origins of astrological magick involve Ancient Egyptian myths and other religious texts that have been passed down through time. They are not original ideas - they just might be older than you think!The topics this week include:What are the Five Elements?Sylphs, Undines, Gnomes and SalamandersThe Nature of Fire, Water, Air and Earth4 Fundamental ForcesEgyptian MythologyThe TetragrammatonThe First Four CircuitsThe Name of Jesus and The PentagramIn the extended show available at www.patreon.com/TheWholeRabbit we discuss:The Four Elements in AlchemyTarot: The Qabalistic Tree of ElementsThe Psychology of the Court CardsDNAThe Lower Quaternary of the Tree of LifeThe Lesser Banishing Ritual of the PentagramThe ArchangelsMedieval HumorsThe Four Suns of HorusFour Elements in RitualAlchemyEach host is responsible for writing and creating the content they present. Where to find The Whole Rabbit:YouTube: https://youtu.be/z4DL6BFdzfMMerch: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/thewholerabbit/Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0AnJZhmPzaby04afmEWOAVInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/the_whole_rabbitSources:https://www.ashg.org/discover-genetics/building-blocks/Lakota:https://aktalakota.stjo.org/lakota-culture/native-american-four-directions/Corpus Hermeticum:https://www.amazon.com/Corpus-Hermeticum-Pymander-Hermes-Trismegistus/dp/1517391644/ref=sr_1_1?crid=11DPQHTRFFXYS&keywords=corpus+hermeticum&qid=1667453589&qu=eyJxc2MiOiIzLjg2IiwicXNhIjoiMy4zNSIsInFzcCI6IjMuNDAifQ%3D%3D&sprefix=corpus+hermeticum%2Caps%2C154&sr=8-1Three Books of Occult Philosophy, Heinrich Cornelius AgrippaAlchemist's Handbook by Frater Albertus:https://www.amazon.com/Alchemists-Handbook-Practical-Laboratory-Alchemy/dp/0877281815/ref=sr_1_5?crid=3S6VZ2C0D26WM&keywords=alchemist%27s+handbook&qid=1667453671&qu=eyJxc2MiOiIxLjMwIiwicXNhIjoiMS41MiIsInFzcCI6IjEuMDAifQ%3D%3D&sprefix=alchemist%27s+%2Caps%2C165&sr=8-5Support the show

Confidence makes you more attractive. It just does. So, I begin this episode by offering a short list of simple things you can do that will make you feel and appear as confident as possible. https://www.askmen.com/money/body_and_mind_150/173_better_living.htmlYou often hear people use the words kind and nice interchangeably. Actually though, they really don't mean the same thing. To be kind is a lot harder and riskier and has a much greater chance of making the world a better place. Nice is just, well, nice. Listen to my conversation with Houston Kraft, author of the book Deep Kindness A Revolutionary Guide for the Way We Think, Talk, and Act in Kindness (https://amzn.to/2SFKPhj) as he explains what it means to be kind and how it can change the world.We are often told that we must \"Trust the science!\" So what does that actually mean? What is science anyway? What makes something \"scientific.\" Here to answer that is James C. Zimring, M.D. and Ph.D. in Immunology and professor of pathology at the University of Virginia. James is also author of the book, What Science Is and How It Really Works (https://amzn.to/2GNQQWA). Listen as he explains how science is used and sometimes misused to explain the world and why a lot of people don't trust science.When driving, you likely turn left from time to time without giving it much thought. However, left-hand turns are amazingly dangerous. Listen as I explain why avoiding left hand turns is a good idea whenever you can and why you seldom see a UPS truck turn left. https://www.friedgoldberg.com/blog/how-left-hand-turns-affect-road-safety/ PLEASE SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS! Helix Sleep is offering up to $200 off all mattress orders AND two free pillows for our listeners at https://helixsleep.com/sysk. We really like The Jordan Harbinger Show! Check out https://jordanharbinger.com/start OR search for it on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or wherever you listen! Confidently take control of your online world with Avast One - it helps you stay safe from viruses, phishing attacks, ransomware, hacking attempts, and other cybercrimes! Learn more at https://Avast.comDid you know you could reduce the number of unwanted calls & emails with Online Privacy Protection from Discover? - And it's FREE! Just activate it in the Discover App. See terms & learn more at https://Discover.com/OnlineAlong with alarms, fire extinguishers are essential. Make sure to place fire extinguishers on every level of your home and in common spaces like the kitchen and know how to use them. For more information on fire safety products, safety tips and educational activities you can do at home with your family visit https://firstalert.com/firepreventionmonth Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Confidence makes you more attractive. It just does. So, I begin this episode by offering a short list of simple things you can do that will make you feel and appear as confident as possible. https://www.askmen.com/money/body_and_mind_150/173_better_living.htmlYou often hear people use the words kind and nice interchangeably. Actually though, they really don't mean the same thing. To be kind is a lot harder and riskier and has a much greater chance of making the world a better place. Nice is just, well, nice. Listen to my conversation with Houston Kraft, author of the book Deep Kindness A Revolutionary Guide for the Way We Think, Talk, and Act in Kindness (https://amzn.to/2SFKPhj) as he explains what it means to be kind and how it can change the world.We are often told that we must \"Trust the science!\" So what does that actually mean? What is science anyway? What makes something \"scientific.\" Here to answer that is James C. Zimring, M.D. and Ph.D. in Immunology and professor of pathology at the University of Virginia. James is also author of the book, What Science Is and How It Really Works (https://amzn.to/2GNQQWA). Listen as he explains how science is used and sometimes misused to explain the world and why a lot of people don't trust science.When driving, you likely turn left from time to time without giving it much thought. However, left-hand turns are amazingly dangerous. Listen as I explain why avoiding left hand turns is a good idea whenever you can and why you seldom see a UPS truck turn left. https://www.friedgoldberg.com/blog/how-left-hand-turns-affect-road-safety/ PLEASE SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS! Helix Sleep is offering up to $200 off all mattress orders AND two free pillows for our listeners at https://helixsleep.com/sysk. We really like The Jordan Harbinger Show! Check out https://jordanharbinger.com/start OR search for it on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or wherever you listen! Confidently take control of your online world with Avast One - it helps you stay safe from viruses, phishing attacks, ransomware, hacking attempts, and other cybercrimes! Learn more at https://Avast.comDid you know you could reduce the number of unwanted calls & emails with Online Privacy Protection from Discover? - And it's FREE! Just activate it in the Discover App. See terms & learn more at https://Discover.com/OnlineAlong with alarms, fire extinguishers are essential. Make sure to place fire extinguishers on every level of your home and in common spaces like the kitchen and know how to use them. For more information on fire safety products, safety tips and educational activities you can do at home with your family visit https://firstalert.com/firepreventionmonth Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

dweddf

Use Adobe's latest software at DATV. You can learn how to start making you own local media.

Muslims Attacked By Anti Social Elements In Andhop Village, Palwal, Haryana.

This study investigates how virtual versus real visual elements influence visit intentions. The expected assumption is that virtual (vs. real) elements significantly enhance visit intentions, and mental imagery is identified as a mediating mechanism in this relationship. In addition, tourism destination types moderate the effect of visual elements (virtual vs. real) on visit intentions. Specifically, for natural destinations, real (vs. virtual) visual elements increase visit intentions, while for cultural destinations, virtual (vs. real) visual elements increase visit intentions.

Neurobit - 5 Attemps To Synq The Elements - LWT14 Release Info: Bas Welling aka Neurobit is back with a new digital release on Lowtoy. After the success of "Maison De Verre Sur Le Chantier" on the renowned label Clnical Archives, Neurobit is back with a new 5 track EP called "5 Attempts To Synq The Elements". This EP takes live improvised soundscapes to a dreamy trip through lo-fi technology and all round dreaminess. The track "No Sufficient Synq" is a collaboration between no other than Anders Carlsson aka GOTO80 recorded in Amsterdam in 2009. So come and have your digital copy! Tune in and space out! Tracklist: 1. Dawning Rays Of Light 2. No Sufficient Synq (With Goto80) 3. Confusion Let To Clear Thoughts 4. Quietness Tortured The Storm 5. Incidental Sunburst Cover: Degon Netherlands 2012 LOWTOY - 8 Bit / Circuit Bending Net Label http://www.lowtoy.com

The reality of the spiritual dimension of existence is one that every believer must understand. In this intriguing series, Apostle Francis takes us on a journey to understand the world of the spirit and how we can engage that realm to sufficiently enhance it's influence over our natural lives. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/fatram/message

art for release

"Elements of Success" is a program presented by Talhah Jarrad focussing on the mean of success & how to plan to achieve it.

Basic Elements

Hugh Campbell's Elements of Faith Album (2006). Released as a free album from the artist. Featuring the tracks: Dj Kooshie - Going Down (Hugh Campbell Remix) Beyond forgotten dreams Elements of Faith (title track) Ensemble Eternity's End Slut Vendetta More info at: www.tamusic.co.nr www.multitudemusic.com

Today we continue to look at how Javascript can be used to replace or update DOM elements on a page

Today we continue to look at how Javascript can be used to replace or update DOM elements on a page

SEE ImagineLifelongLearning.com AUDIO Catalog for other related recordings. https://archive.org/search.php?query=c-saahn&sort=-publicdate Since 2009, The "Art of Investing" Discussion Group has met every Monday during the summer season at Chautauqua Institution - except for the 2020 & 2021 Season due to Covid19. The group members, led by Dennis Galucki, a retired financial advisor, are encouraged to share their insights and personal experience with investing, primarily in the stock market. This is the 114th "Art of Investing" class discussion at CHQ's Smith Memorial Library. Galucki's twin investment rules and ideas have provided the basis for much of the discussion since 2009: First, know what you own and why you own it; Second, appreciate the disciplines of balance and performance measurement. In 2023 "Art of Investing - in Life, Your Life & Your Community's Life: Nine elements of investment literacy" will be a weekly focus for the Nine Week Chautauqua Season: WEEK 1 - "Know Thyself" WEEK 2 - Investment Philosophy & Goals WEEK 3 - Risk & Reward; Hope & Fear WEEK 4 - Stocks, Bonds & Other Investments WEEK 5 - Portfolio Design WEEK 6 - Portfolio Overweight & Underweight WEEK 7 - Stock Selection & Indexes WEEK 8 - Solution & Performance-based Investing WEEK 9 - Performance Measurement Attendees and audio listeners are encouraged to consult their own investment advisors and not take any part of the discussion as an investment  recommendation without further study. "Art of Investing" AUDIO Links since 2010: http://www.buffaloah.com/h/center/a/artinvest.html  AUDIO Series created by The Center for the Study of Art, Architecture, History & Nature (C-SAAHN) are part of the "Buffalo-Chautauqua Idea: Exploring American Legacy through Place-based Lifelong Learning & Imagination." http://www.buffaloah.com/h/center/index.html Also created by C-SAAHN - ImagineLifelongLearning.com and 2009-2021 'IMAGINE' Tuesday Noon-Hour Lecture Series at the Downtown Buffalo &Erie County Public Library - over 400 lectures and recordings to date. http://www.buffaloah.com/h/center/lib/18.html ---By Dennis Galucki, Founder, C-SAAHN & ImagineLifelongLearning.com ALSO see: https://archive.org/details/WS400765 April 26, 2015 Interview with "The Oracle of Buffalo," Stephanie T. Mucha.

fweew

Before Earth Wind and Fire, Maurice White had a had fine career as a studio drummer...as a member of jazz great Ramsey Lewis's trio...and as leader of a pre-EWF group called the Salty Peppers.

Anti Social Elements Attacked On Mosque In Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh.

Abiding Elements of Pentecost by A.W. Tozer - brought by Peter-John Parisis (founder of The School of Prayer) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- If anyone knows where I can get anymore sermons of the speakers listed on any of my websites where these are hosted....please email me and let me know. [email protected] More audio books/chapters/sermons can be found on these links: http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=peter-john%20parisis http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=the%20pursuit%20of%20God%20audio%20library http://www.sermonaudio.com/source_detail.asp?sourceid=pjparisis http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=peter-john%20parisis http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=school%20of%20prayer More sermons can be found on www.sermonaudio.com

Madrasa Students Beaten By Anti Social Elements In Shamli, Up.

Orbital Elements 01/21/94: HAM.

Orbital Elements 01/21/94: HAM.

Well, we set out to reunite the party only to split it even further. Someone seems to be following a new directive, and another epic display of elemental powers is the result. But the fallout is going require a leap of faith to escape certain death. System: OpenD6 Adventure, from West End Games CAST: Jordan — The Game Master Aaron — Sam Feluge Ellie — Archi Jeff — Jerr Lan Jeremy — Julian Illix Johnny — Chine North Music in the background from Fesliyan Studios, Kevin MacLeod, and Joshua Empyre

Elements of Logic from the First to the last, 10th Edition. 

Watch Autumn Parkin review key elements to take into consideration for safely drawing your gun from concealment during an attack. https://t.co/T929gUkUCO Autumn Parkin: Drawing While Under Attack Watch more Tips & Tactics on NRATV.

Watch Autumn Parkin review key elements to take into consideration for safely drawing your gun from concealment during an attack. https://t.co/T929gUkUCO Autumn Parkin: Drawing While Under Attack Watch more Tips & Tactics on NRATV.

City of Dubuque Public Works employees complete thousands of garbage and recycling collections each day, no matter the weather.

After the exciting events of the last episode, we embark on a new way of telling the story. We're taking a broader view of the city and how events are impacting different level of society. In this episode we are at ground zero of the explosion with a group of workers who frantically try to contain the damage. Enjoy the next few episodes for what we have called "side-shots" to our main story. We certainly did enjoy playing them. System: OpenD6 Adventure, from West End Games CAST: Jordan — The Game Master Aaron — Talin Jeff — Mark Jeremy — Jasif Johnny — Phillipi

As we are getting close to the end of Season 3, we comment on how far the story has come so far, and how quickly things could change in the season finale. We also talk about some of the mechanics for advancing characters in the OpenD6 system, all in preparation for some of the secrets and "bombs" we expect to drop in the Season 3 finale session and rolling into Season 4 of Elements of War. System: OpenD6 Adventure, from West End Games Character Advancement: Ellie (Archi) Best Roleplay: Jeremy (Julian) Who Brought the best Snack: Ellie (Still Warm Chocolate Chip Cookies) CAST: Jordan — The Game Master Aaron — Sam Feluge Ellie — Archi Jeff — Jerr Lan Jeremy — Julian Illix Johnny — Chime North Music in the background from Fesliyan Studios

It seems as though the group was a bit more separated than originally thought. An unlikely duo attempts to team up for a daring rescue... of themselves. Confused yet? Hold on tight and try to keep up as we blow the top off of the final half of this season. System: OpenD6 Adventure, from West End Games CAST: Jordan — The Game Master Aaron — Sam Feluge Ellie — Archi Jeff — Jerr Lan Jeremy — Julian Illix Johnny — Chine North Music in the background from Fesliyan Studios and Kevin MacLeod

Reach Speed Transparency Porosity Agency

In these trying times we need the strength that can only come from God. In this message from Psalm 86:11-17, we will see our Four Elements of Strength that will give us power within. There may be related items listed at http://www.sapphirestreams.com/life/audioM.html#M154. Thank you for coming by to listen. God bless you!

'ANTI-SOCIAL ELEMENTS IN DELHI (29-Jul-2003)' from the Parliament Digital Library

https://www.artofwez.com/

Infographic elements collection Free Vector

Infographic elements collection Free Vector

The article presents the findings on students' reasons for studying mechanical engineering. These reasons were covered in terms of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation additionally related to selected independent variables of the sample--students' secondary school Grade Point Average, their gender and the socio-economic status. The research was conducted with the first year students of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. The sample consisted of 282 students (228 males and 54 females) and comprised students of all majors. According to descriptive character of the questionnaire type survey characteristics of the sample are presented. Composite variables of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation were dichotomized to present different levels of the students' overall motivational structure. Results indicate a students' interest in the field of science and technology as the most important element of intrinsic motivation, with no significant relation to any of independent variables. By contrast, extrinsic motivation has manifested as significantly related to the variables of Grade Point Average and to parents' education as one component of the socio-economic status. However, a significant level of indecisive respondents regarding the both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation suggests that the choice of the study programme is not always a consistent and an unambiguous process.

As a consequence of the Civil Rights Movement and related social movements, the past 30 years have witnessed an unprecedented rise in higher education enrollments among ethnic minority groups, women, and low-income students, as well as increases in the financial aid available to these groups. However, certain ethnic minority populations, such as Native American and Native Canadian students, still experience difficulty in the transition from the K-12 school system to higher education, despite policies enacted to increase access. The research literature cites the disjuncture between the home cultures of these students and the environments of the school as a major cause of the failure of Native students to make the transition from the K-12 school system to higher education institutions. These findings have prompted calls for the integration of Native cultural knowledge and perspectives into the school curriculum. This Canadian study examined the outcomes of consistently integrating Native perspectives into the high school social studies curriculum throughout the 2003-2004 academic year. The teachers integrated Native cultural learning objectives, resources, and instructional methods. Critical elements of the integration processes that appeared to increase academic achievement, class attendance, and participation among Native students are discussed. Teachers can draw on these elements to implement effective teaching strategies for the preparation of Native students along the college pipeline. (Contains 1 endnote.)

This article is from Nucleic Acids Research , volume 41 . Abstract The accuracy of pairing of the anticodon of the initiator tRNA (tRNAfMet) and the initiation codon of an mRNA, in the ribosomal P-site, is crucial for determining the translational reading frame. However, a direct role of any ribosomal element(s) in scrutinizing this pairing is unknown. The P-site elements, m2G966 (methylated by RsmD), m5C967 (methylated by RsmB) and the C-terminal tail of the protein S9 lie in the vicinity of tRNAfMet. We investigated the role of these elements in initiation from various codons, namely, AUG, GUG, UUG, CUG, AUA, AUU, AUC and ACG with tRNA (tRNAfMet with CAU anticodon); CAC and CAU with tRNA; UAG with tRNA; UAC with tRNA; and AUC with tRNA using in vivo and computational methods. Although RsmB deficiency did not impact initiation from most codons, RsmD deficiency increased initiation from AUA, CAC and CAU (2- to 3.6-fold). Deletion of the S9 C-terminal tail resulted in poorer initiation from UUG, GUG and CUG, but in increased initiation from CAC, CAU and UAC codons (up to 4-fold). Also, the S9 tail suppressed initiation with tRNA lacking the 3GC base pairs in the anticodon stem. These observations suggest distinctive roles of 966/967 methylations and the S9 tail in initiation.

This article is from BMC Genomics , volume 12 . Abstract Background: In rice, the major part of the post-embryonic root system is made of stem-derived roots named crown roots (CR). Among the few characterized rice mutants affected in root development, crown rootless1 mutant is unable to initiate crown root primordia. CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) is induced by auxin and encodes an AS2/LOB-domain transcription factor that acts upstream of the gene regulatory network controlling CR development. Results: To identify genes involved in CR development, we compared global gene expression profile in stem bases of crl1 mutant and wild-type (WT) plants. Our analysis revealed that 250 and 236 genes are down- and up-regulated respectively in the crl1 mutant. Auxin induces CRL1 expression and consequently it is expected that auxin also alters the expression of genes that are early regulated by CRL1. To identify genes under the early control of CRL1, we monitored the expression kinetics of a selected subset of genes, mainly chosen among those exhibiting differential expression, in crl1 and WT following exogenous auxin treatment. This analysis revealed that most of these genes, mainly related to hormone, water and nutrient, development and homeostasis, were likely not regulated directly by CRL1. We hypothesized that the differential expression for these genes observed in the crl1 mutant is likely a consequence of the absence of CR formation. Otherwise, three CRL1-dependent auxin-responsive genes: FSM (FLATENNED SHOOT MERISTEM)/FAS1 (FASCIATA1), GTE4 (GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GROUP E4) and MAP (MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN) were identified. FSM/FAS1 and GTE4 are known in rice and Arabidopsis to be involved in the maintenance of root meristem through chromatin remodelling and cell cycle regulation respectively. Conclusion: Our data showed that the differential regulation of most genes in crl1 versus WT may be an indirect consequence of CRL1 inactivation resulting from the absence of CR in the crl1 mutant. Nevertheless some genes, FAS1/FSM, GTE4 and MAP, require CRL1 to be induced by auxin suggesting that they are likely directly regulated by CRL1. These genes have a function related to polarized cell growth, cell cycle regulation or chromatin remodelling. This suggests that these genes are controlled by CRL1 and involved in CR initiation in rice.

This article is from Genes , volume 4 . Abstract Retroviruses, a form of mobile genetic elements, have important roles in disease and primate evolution. Exogenous retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have significant pathological implications that have created a massive public health challenge in recent years. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are the primary focus of this review, can also be pathogenic, as well as being beneficial to a host in some cases. Furthermore, retroviruses may have played a key role in primate evolution that resulted in the incorporation of these elements into the human genome. Retroviruses are mobile genetic elements that have important roles in disease and primate evolution. We will further discuss the pathogenic potential of retroviruses, including their role in cancer biology, and will briefly summarize their evolutionary implications.

This article is from Genes , volume 2 . Abstract Eukaryotic genomes contain a large amount of DNA repeats (also known as repetitive DNA, repetitive elements, and repetitive sequences). Here, I propose a role of repetitive DNA in the formation of higher-order structures of chromosomes. The central idea of this theory is that chromatin regions with repetitive sequences pair with regions harboring homologous repeats and that such somatic repeat pairing (RP) assembles repetitive DNA chromatin into compact chromosomal domains that specify chromatin folding in a site-directed manner. According to this theory, DNA repeats are not randomly distributed in the genome. Instead, they form a core framework that coordinates the architecture of chromosomes. In contrast to the viewpoint that DNA repeats are genomic ‘junk’, this theory advocates that repetitive sequences are chromatin organizer modules that determine chromatin-chromatin contact points within chromosomes. This novel concept, if correct, would suggest that DNA repeats in the linear genome encode a blueprint for higher-order chromosomal organization.

This article is from Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography , volume 70 . Abstract High-resolution crystal structures together with mutational analysis and transient kinetics experiments were utilized to understand nucleotide sensing and the regulation of the ATPase cycle in an AAA+ molecular motor.

This article is from Genes & Development , volume 27 . Abstract Polycomb group (PcG) complexes repress developmental regulator genes by modifying their chromatin. However, how PcG proteins assemble into complexes and are recruited to their target genes is poorly understood. Here, Alfieri et al. report the crystal structure of the core of the PcG complex PhoRC, which contains the DNA-binding protein Pho and corepressor Sfmbt. The authors show that tethering of Sfmbt by Pho to Polycomb response elements is essential for Polycomb repression of developmental regulator genes in Drosophila. This study thus reveals the molecular basis for PcG protein complex assembly at specific genomic sites.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Metal ions are necessary for the proper functioning of the immune system, and, therefore, they might have a significant influence on the interaction between bacteria and host. Ionic dyshomeostasis has been recently observed also in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, whose respiratory tract is frequently colonized by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. For the first time, here we used an inductively mass spectrometry method to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of the pattern of changes in a broad range of major trace elements in response to pulmonary infection by S. maltophilia. To this, DBA/2 mouse lungs were comparatively infected by a CF strain and by an environmental one. Our results showed that pulmonary ionomic profile was significantly affected during infection. Infected mice showed increased lung levels of Mg, P, S, K, Zn, Se, and Rb. To the contrary, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu levels resulted significantly decreased. Changes of element concentrations were correlated with pulmonary bacterial load and markers of inflammation, and occurred mostly on day 3 post-exposure, when severity of infection culminated. Interestingly, CF strain – significantly more virulent than the environmental one in our murine model - provoked a more significant impact in perturbing pulmonary metal homeostasis. Particularly, exposure to CF strain exclusively increased P and K levels, while decreased Fe and Mn ones. Overall, our data clearly indicate that S. maltophilia modulates pulmonary metal balance in a concerted and virulence-dependent manner highlighting the potential role of the element dyshomeostasis during the progression of S. maltophilia infection, probably exacerbating the harmful effects of the loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulator function. Further investigations are required to understand the biological significance of these alterations and to confirm they are specifically caused by S. maltophilia.

This article is from Mobile DNA , volume 4 . Abstract Background: Only a few transposable elements are known to exhibit site-specific insertion patterns, including the well-studied R-element retrotransposons that insert into specific sites within the multigene rDNA. The only known rDNA-specific DNA transposon, Pokey (superfamily: piggyBac) is found in the freshwater microcrustacean, Daphnia pulex. Here, we present a genome-wide analysis of Pokey based on the recently completed whole genome sequencing project for D. pulex. Results: Phylogenetic analysis of Pokey elements recovered from the genome sequence revealed the presence of four lineages corresponding to two divergent autonomous families and two related lineages of non-autonomous miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs). The MITEs are also found at the same 28S rRNA gene insertion site as the Pokey elements, and appear to have arisen as deletion derivatives of autonomous elements. Several copies of the full-length Pokey elements may be capable of producing an active transposase. Surprisingly, both families of Pokey possess a series of 200 bp repeats upstream of the transposase that is derived from the rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS). The IGS sequences within the Pokey elements appear to be evolving in concert with the rDNA units. Finally, analysis of the insertion sites of Pokey elements outside of rDNA showed a target preference for sites similar to the specific sequence that is targeted within rDNA. Conclusions: Based on the target site preference of Pokey elements and the concerted evolution of a segment of the element with the rDNA unit, we propose an evolutionary path by which the ancestors of Pokey elements have invaded the rDNA niche. We discuss how specificity for the rDNA unit may have evolved and how this specificity has played a role in the long-term survival of these elements in the subgenus Daphnia.

This article is from Nucleic Acids Research , volume 41 . Abstract The numerous discovered cases of domesticated transposable element (TE) proteins led to the recognition that TEs are a significant source of evolutionary innovation. However, much less is known about the reverse process, whether and to what degree the evolution of TEs is influenced by the genome of their hosts. We addressed this issue by searching for cases of incorporation of host genes into the sequence of TEs and examined the systems-level properties of these genes using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster genomes. We identified 51 cases where the evolutionary scenario was the incorporation of a host gene fragment into a TE consensus sequence, and we show that both the yeast and fly homologues of the incorporated protein sequences have central positions in the cellular networks. An analysis of selective pressure (Ka/Ks ratio) detected significant selection in 37% of the cases. Recent research on retrovirus-host interactions shows that virus proteins preferentially target hubs of the host interaction networks enabling them to take over the host cell using only a few proteins. We propose that TEs face a similar evolutionary pressure to evolve proteins with high interacting capacities and take some of the necessary protein domains directly from their hosts.