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The Department of Defense and the Department of Energy are stewards of millions of acres of land and the cultural resources they contain. Federal regulations require that DoD and DoE installations and facilities accomplish their respective missions in compliance with cultural resource laws. Compliance with Executive Order 11593, as codified in amendments to the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), requires complete inventories of all historic properties on federally controlled lands. Additional legislation expands the compliance and stewardship roles of DoD and DoE in regard to historic preservation. These acts include the Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA), and related Federal legislation. Because of the protection from commercial exploitation, DoD- and DoE-administered lands (both cantonment and training/testing areas) contain some of the nation's most significant prehistoric archeological sites (e.g., the Yuchi Town village site at Fort Benning, GA; the Pendejo Cave site at Fort Bliss, NM; the Santa Elena site at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, SC), as well as Native American and Native Hawaiian sacred sites and Traditional Cultural Properties (TCPs). At many Army installations across the nation, cantonment areas are known to contain nationally significant archeological sites associated with the history of the military. Historic preservation legislation and Army regulations require complete inventories and significance evaluations of all historic properties on Federally owned or administered lands.