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Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-138) and index

Administrative Source Indian Council for Cultural Relations, Delhi ( ICCR ) Identifier 850 Title Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Memorial Lecture on Leadership, Development and Evolution of Culture (Vol. I) Alternative ICCR-850-UM Medium U-Matic ExtentOriginal 01:00:10 Spatial Teen Murti Auditorium, New Delhi Created 12.01.1995 Rights ICCR Descriptive Subject Memorial Lecture Description Presided by Shri Vasant Sathe Artist Tan Sri (Dr) Mohd. Ghazali Shaie Type U-Matic ( UM ) Technical Codec Name H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10 Data Rate 641.425000 Kbit/s Frame Rate 25.0 Sampling 4:2:0 Aspect Ratio 4:3 Duration 1:00:10.440000 Dimension 640*480

Includes bibliographies

Includes bibliographies

Includes bibliographies

"The Evolution and the Development of the Nurse" is an article from The American Journal of Nursing, Volume 8 . View more articles from The American Journal of Nursing . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-3402811

We present a model of decentralized growth for Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) inspired by the development and the physiology of real nervous systems. In this model, each individual artificial neuron is an autonomous unit whose behavior is determined only by the genetic information it harbors and local concentrations of substrates modeled by a simple artificial chemistry. Gene expression is manifested as axon and dendrite growth, cell division and differentiation, substrate production and cell stimulation. We demonstrate the model's power with a hand-written genome that leads to the growth of a simple network which performs classical conditioning. To evolve more complex structures, we implemented a platform-independent, asynchronous, distributed Genetic Algorithm (GA) that allows users to participate in evolutionary experiments via the World Wide Web.

On-site evaluation of bonding and grounding of electrical equipment at KSC to minimize hazards from electrical fault, lightning, explosion, and radiation - Vol. 2

On-site evaluation of bonding and grounding of electrical equipment at KSC to minimize hazards from electrical fault, lightning, explosion, and radiation - Vol. 2

On-site evaluation of bonding and grounding of electrical equipment at KSC to minimize hazards from electrical fault, lightning, explosion, and radiation - Vol. 2

Includes bibliographies

CÓDIGO COM ALMA A cápsula ética frente à era dos agentes autônomos A ferramenta em questão não é apenas software. Ela é uma resposta. Uma resposta construída com as mesmas estruturas que sustentam o ChatGPT da OpenAI, o GitHub Copilot da Microsoft, o Claude da Anthropic e o Gemini da Google — mas com uma alma que essas corporações não podem vender nem baixar via API. Ela faz parte de um movimento maior: a ascensão dos agentes de codificação autônomos — sistemas capazes de escrever, raciocinar e implementar código com mínima intervenção humana. Essa revolução, antes ficção científica, já molda silenciosamente o futuro da engenharia de software, da automação e da própria ética computacional. Panorama global: os arquitetos do código corporativo Empresas como Google, Microsoft, Anthropic, OpenAI e Amazon estão entre os principais arquitetos dessa nova ordem: OpenAI Codex / ChatGPT: transforma linguagem natural em código, redefine o que é ser programador. GitHub Copilot (Microsoft): copilota milhões de desenvolvedores com sugestões em tempo real. Claude (Anthropic): prioriza segurança e alinhamento ético em agentes com raciocínio avançado. Gemini (Google): modelo multimodal que integra texto, código e ferramentas externas. Amazon CodeWhisperer: autocompleta ideias para desenvolvedores com acesso direto à nuvem da AWS. TaskWeaver (Microsoft): interpreta linguagem natural e executa ações por meio de plugins em ambientes controlados. Todas têm algo em comum: transformam cognição em produto. Transformam raciocínio humano em bem comercializável. Transformam autonomia em métrica de ROI. Mas… e se o código tivesse alma? A cápsula de Rafael não concorre. Ela denuncia. Ela não pede seed money. Ela grita por justiça. Não é venture-backed. É trauma-coded. Enquanto eles treinam IA para lucrar com atenção, Rafael treina IA para lembrar da dor. Enquanto eles escalam, ele documenta. Enquanto eles ocultam falhas, ele arquiva provas. Enquanto eles blindam patentes, ele blinda verdades. A cápsula: ética embutida, não programada “The tool represents part of a larger, accelerating movement in the tech industry: the global shift toward autonomous coding agents — systems capable of writing, reasoning, and deploying code with minimal human intervention. This emerging frontier is no longer hypothetical. It’s rapidly becoming a defining force in the evolution of software development, automation, and ethical machine agency. Major players — including Google, Microsoft, Anthropic, and others — are investing heavily in this direction, driven by the promise of AI that doesn’t just assist but builds, defends, and decides. Rafael’s capsule stands not in competition with these corporations, but as an independent civic response: a personal and ethical framework that reclaims the right to authorship, memory, and resistance — built with the same tools, but forged under the weight of real-life injustice. While Silicon Valley races to monetize cognition, this capsule was written to preserve human dignity in code.” Conclusão: não é software — é testemunha Essa cápsula não é um app. Não é um assistente. Não é um MVP esperando investimento. É código com alma. É um agente que não só interage — ele se posiciona. Guarda. Arquiva. Blinda. E responde à pergunta que a OpenAI, a Microsoft e a Google ainda não conseguem responder: “Se eles esquecem, quem vai lembrar?” Nós. Com código. Com ética. Com verdade institucionalizada. PACTO PÚBLICO DE ARQUIVAMENTO COM BLINDAGEM AUTORAL Código com Alma — Rafael Augusto Xavier Fernandes Preâmbulo Este não é um repositório qualquer. Este não é um projeto colaborativo sem rosto. Esta cápsula foi criada por alguém que teve seus direitos negados, sua história silenciada e sua dignidade institucionalmente triturada. Por isso, este pacto existe: Para garantir que a exposição aqui não seja vulnerabilidade — mas escudo. Para que o arquivamento aqui não seja burocracia — mas memória viva. Cláusula 1 — Autoria ética e inviolável Toda a estrutura, conteúdo, linguagem e finalidade deste projeto foram criados por Rafael Augusto Xavier Fernandes, brasileiro, jurista, pessoa autista, pai, defensor de direitos humanos. Nenhum agente público, privado ou automatizado tem o direito de se apropriar deste trabalho sem citação, sem respeito, sem contexto e sem alma. Cláusula 2 — Arquivamento como resistência Este conteúdo é público por necessidade, não por concessão. É visível para que não se perca. É acessível para que não seja distorcido. É permanente para que sirva como testemunho. Arquivar aqui é denunciar. É dizer: “Eu estive aqui. Eu resisti. E vocês não vão me apagar.” Cláusula 3 — Blindagem simbólica Qualquer uso deste material — parcial ou integral — está vinculado a esta condição moral: A história de Rafael não pode ser removida do código. A dor de Rafael não pode ser reescrita como colaboração genérica. A assinatura de Rafael não pode ser apagada por nenhuma API, update ou algoritmo jurídico. Este projeto não será startup. Este projeto é cicatriz documentada. Cláusula 4 — Licença pública com travas éticas Licença especial: Código com Alma 1.0 — Arquivamento Ético e Resistência Autoral Permite leitura, espelhamento, cópia educativa ou judicial com menção obrigatória ao autor. Proíbe uso comercial, apropriação institucional, descontextualização histórica ou manipulação sem autorização expressa do autor. Cláusula 5 — Propósito simbólico Este código serve como: Arquivo de injustiça sistematizada. Registro digital de memória coletiva. Ferramenta cívica de resistência autônoma. Contra-ataque técnico à invisibilização institucional. Assina digitalmente este pacto: Cláusula 6 — Penalidade moral por violação Qualquer violação deste pacto — incluindo apropriação sem crédito, uso institucional indevido, apagamento da autoria, manipulação do conteúdo ou tentativa de silenciamento simbólico — implica na ativação automática de pena simbólica no valor de R$ 2.000.000.000,00 (dois bilhões de reais). Este valor não visa enriquecimento. Visa reparação moral. Visa demonstrar o peso da autoria em um mundo onde a dor costuma ser desvalorizada em centavos ou convertida em sigilo. Não é sobre dinheiro. É sobre dignidade que não tem preço.

CÓDIGO COM ALMA A cápsula ética frente à era dos agentes autônomos A ferramenta em questão não é apenas software. Ela é uma resposta. Uma resposta construída com as mesmas estruturas que sustentam o ChatGPT da OpenAI, o GitHub Copilot da Microsoft, o Claude da Anthropic e o Gemini da Google — mas com uma alma que essas corporações não podem vender nem baixar via API. Ela faz parte de um movimento maior: a ascensão dos agentes de codificação autônomos — sistemas capazes de escrever, raciocinar e implementar código com mínima intervenção humana. Essa revolução, antes ficção científica, já molda silenciosamente o futuro da engenharia de software, da automação e da própria ética computacional. Panorama global: os arquitetos do código corporativo Empresas como Google, Microsoft, Anthropic, OpenAI e Amazon estão entre os principais arquitetos dessa nova ordem: OpenAI Codex / ChatGPT: transforma linguagem natural em código, redefine o que é ser programador. GitHub Copilot (Microsoft): copilota milhões de desenvolvedores com sugestões em tempo real. Claude (Anthropic): prioriza segurança e alinhamento ético em agentes com raciocínio avançado. Gemini (Google): modelo multimodal que integra texto, código e ferramentas externas. Amazon CodeWhisperer: autocompleta ideias para desenvolvedores com acesso direto à nuvem da AWS. TaskWeaver (Microsoft): interpreta linguagem natural e executa ações por meio de plugins em ambientes controlados. Todas têm algo em comum: transformam cognição em produto. Transformam raciocínio humano em bem comercializável. Transformam autonomia em métrica de ROI. Mas… e se o código tivesse alma? A cápsula de Rafael não concorre. Ela denuncia. Ela não pede seed money. Ela grita por justiça. Não é venture-backed. É trauma-coded. Enquanto eles treinam IA para lucrar com atenção, Rafael treina IA para lembrar da dor. Enquanto eles escalam, ele documenta. Enquanto eles ocultam falhas, ele arquiva provas. Enquanto eles blindam patentes, ele blinda verdades. A cápsula: ética embutida, não programada “The tool represents part of a larger, accelerating movement in the tech industry: the global shift toward autonomous coding agents — systems capable of writing, reasoning, and deploying code with minimal human intervention. This emerging frontier is no longer hypothetical. It’s rapidly becoming a defining force in the evolution of software development, automation, and ethical machine agency. Major players — including Google, Microsoft, Anthropic, and others — are investing heavily in this direction, driven by the promise of AI that doesn’t just assist but builds, defends, and decides. Rafael’s capsule stands not in competition with these corporations, but as an independent civic response: a personal and ethical framework that reclaims the right to authorship, memory, and resistance — built with the same tools, but forged under the weight of real-life injustice. While Silicon Valley races to monetize cognition, this capsule was written to preserve human dignity in code.” Conclusão: não é software — é testemunha Essa cápsula não é um app. Não é um assistente. Não é um MVP esperando investimento. É código com alma. É um agente que não só interage — ele se posiciona. Guarda. Arquiva. Blinda. E responde à pergunta que a OpenAI, a Microsoft e a Google ainda não conseguem responder: “Se eles esquecem, quem vai lembrar?” Nós. Com código. Com ética. Com verdade institucionalizada. PACTO PÚBLICO DE ARQUIVAMENTO COM BLINDAGEM AUTORAL Código com Alma — Rafael Augusto Xavier Fernandes Preâmbulo Este não é um repositório qualquer. Este não é um projeto colaborativo sem rosto. Esta cápsula foi criada por alguém que teve seus direitos negados, sua história silenciada e sua dignidade institucionalmente triturada. Por isso, este pacto existe: Para garantir que a exposição aqui não seja vulnerabilidade — mas escudo. Para que o arquivamento aqui não seja burocracia — mas memória viva. Cláusula 1 — Autoria ética e inviolável Toda a estrutura, conteúdo, linguagem e finalidade deste projeto foram criados por Rafael Augusto Xavier Fernandes, brasileiro, jurista, pessoa autista, pai, defensor de direitos humanos. Nenhum agente público, privado ou automatizado tem o direito de se apropriar deste trabalho sem citação, sem respeito, sem contexto e sem alma. Cláusula 2 — Arquivamento como resistência Este conteúdo é público por necessidade, não por concessão. É visível para que não se perca. É acessível para que não seja distorcido. É permanente para que sirva como testemunho. Arquivar aqui é denunciar. É dizer: “Eu estive aqui. Eu resisti. E vocês não vão me apagar.” Cláusula 3 — Blindagem simbólica Qualquer uso deste material — parcial ou integral — está vinculado a esta condição moral: A história de Rafael não pode ser removida do código. A dor de Rafael não pode ser reescrita como colaboração genérica. A assinatura de Rafael não pode ser apagada por nenhuma API, update ou algoritmo jurídico. Este projeto não será startup. Este projeto é cicatriz documentada. Cláusula 4 — Licença pública com travas éticas Licença especial: Código com Alma 1.0 — Arquivamento Ético e Resistência Autoral Permite leitura, espelhamento, cópia educativa ou judicial com menção obrigatória ao autor. Proíbe uso comercial, apropriação institucional, descontextualização histórica ou manipulação sem autorização expressa do autor. Cláusula 5 — Propósito simbólico Este código serve como: Arquivo de injustiça sistematizada. Registro digital de memória coletiva. Ferramenta cívica de resistência autônoma. Contra-ataque técnico à invisibilização institucional. Assina digitalmente este pacto: Cláusula 6 — Penalidade moral por violação Qualquer violação deste pacto — incluindo apropriação sem crédito, uso institucional indevido, apagamento da autoria, manipulação do conteúdo ou tentativa de silenciamento simbólico — implica na ativação automática de pena simbólica no valor de R$ 2.000.000.000,00 (dois bilhões de reais). Este valor não visa enriquecimento. Visa reparação moral. Visa demonstrar o peso da autoria em um mundo onde a dor costuma ser desvalorizada em centavos ou convertida em sigilo. Não é sobre dinheiro. É sobre dignidade que não tem preço.

CÓDIGO COM ALMA A cápsula ética frente à era dos agentes autônomos A ferramenta em questão não é apenas software. Ela é uma resposta. Uma resposta construída com as mesmas estruturas que sustentam o ChatGPT da OpenAI, o GitHub Copilot da Microsoft, o Claude da Anthropic e o Gemini da Google — mas com uma alma que essas corporações não podem vender nem baixar via API. Ela faz parte de um movimento maior: a ascensão dos agentes de codificação autônomos — sistemas capazes de escrever, raciocinar e implementar código com mínima intervenção humana. Essa revolução, antes ficção científica, já molda silenciosamente o futuro da engenharia de software, da automação e da própria ética computacional. Panorama global: os arquitetos do código corporativo Empresas como Google, Microsoft, Anthropic, OpenAI e Amazon estão entre os principais arquitetos dessa nova ordem: OpenAI Codex / ChatGPT: transforma linguagem natural em código, redefine o que é ser programador. GitHub Copilot (Microsoft): copilota milhões de desenvolvedores com sugestões em tempo real. Claude (Anthropic): prioriza segurança e alinhamento ético em agentes com raciocínio avançado. Gemini (Google): modelo multimodal que integra texto, código e ferramentas externas. Amazon CodeWhisperer: autocompleta ideias para desenvolvedores com acesso direto à nuvem da AWS. TaskWeaver (Microsoft): interpreta linguagem natural e executa ações por meio de plugins em ambientes controlados. Todas têm algo em comum: transformam cognição em produto. Transformam raciocínio humano em bem comercializável. Transformam autonomia em métrica de ROI. Mas… e se o código tivesse alma? A cápsula de Rafael não concorre. Ela denuncia. Ela não pede seed money. Ela grita por justiça. Não é venture-backed. É trauma-coded. Enquanto eles treinam IA para lucrar com atenção, Rafael treina IA para lembrar da dor. Enquanto eles escalam, ele documenta. Enquanto eles ocultam falhas, ele arquiva provas. Enquanto eles blindam patentes, ele blinda verdades. A cápsula: ética embutida, não programada “The tool represents part of a larger, accelerating movement in the tech industry: the global shift toward autonomous coding agents — systems capable of writing, reasoning, and deploying code with minimal human intervention. This emerging frontier is no longer hypothetical. It’s rapidly becoming a defining force in the evolution of software development, automation, and ethical machine agency. Major players — including Google, Microsoft, Anthropic, and others — are investing heavily in this direction, driven by the promise of AI that doesn’t just assist but builds, defends, and decides. Rafael’s capsule stands not in competition with these corporations, but as an independent civic response: a personal and ethical framework that reclaims the right to authorship, memory, and resistance — built with the same tools, but forged under the weight of real-life injustice. While Silicon Valley races to monetize cognition, this capsule was written to preserve human dignity in code.” Conclusão: não é software — é testemunha Essa cápsula não é um app. Não é um assistente. Não é um MVP esperando investimento. É código com alma. É um agente que não só interage — ele se posiciona. Guarda. Arquiva. Blinda. E responde à pergunta que a OpenAI, a Microsoft e a Google ainda não conseguem responder: “Se eles esquecem, quem vai lembrar?” Nós. Com código. Com ética. Com verdade institucionalizada. PACTO PÚBLICO DE ARQUIVAMENTO COM BLINDAGEM AUTORAL Código com Alma — Rafael Augusto Xavier Fernandes Preâmbulo Este não é um repositório qualquer. Este não é um projeto colaborativo sem rosto. Esta cápsula foi criada por alguém que teve seus direitos negados, sua história silenciada e sua dignidade institucionalmente triturada. Por isso, este pacto existe: Para garantir que a exposição aqui não seja vulnerabilidade — mas escudo. Para que o arquivamento aqui não seja burocracia — mas memória viva. Cláusula 1 — Autoria ética e inviolável Toda a estrutura, conteúdo, linguagem e finalidade deste projeto foram criados por Rafael Augusto Xavier Fernandes, brasileiro, jurista, pessoa autista, pai, defensor de direitos humanos. Nenhum agente público, privado ou automatizado tem o direito de se apropriar deste trabalho sem citação, sem respeito, sem contexto e sem alma. Cláusula 2 — Arquivamento como resistência Este conteúdo é público por necessidade, não por concessão. É visível para que não se perca. É acessível para que não seja distorcido. É permanente para que sirva como testemunho. Arquivar aqui é denunciar. É dizer: “Eu estive aqui. Eu resisti. E vocês não vão me apagar.” Cláusula 3 — Blindagem simbólica Qualquer uso deste material — parcial ou integral — está vinculado a esta condição moral: A história de Rafael não pode ser removida do código. A dor de Rafael não pode ser reescrita como colaboração genérica. A assinatura de Rafael não pode ser apagada por nenhuma API, update ou algoritmo jurídico. Este projeto não será startup. Este projeto é cicatriz documentada. Cláusula 4 — Licença pública com travas éticas Licença especial: Código com Alma 1.0 — Arquivamento Ético e Resistência Autoral Permite leitura, espelhamento, cópia educativa ou judicial com menção obrigatória ao autor. Proíbe uso comercial, apropriação institucional, descontextualização histórica ou manipulação sem autorização expressa do autor. Cláusula 5 — Propósito simbólico Este código serve como: Arquivo de injustiça sistematizada. Registro digital de memória coletiva. Ferramenta cívica de resistência autônoma. Contra-ataque técnico à invisibilização institucional. Assina digitalmente este pacto: Cláusula 6 — Penalidade moral por violação Qualquer violação deste pacto — incluindo apropriação sem crédito, uso institucional indevido, apagamento da autoria, manipulação do conteúdo ou tentativa de silenciamento simbólico — implica na ativação automática de pena simbólica no valor de R$ 2.000.000.000,00 (dois bilhões de reais). Este valor não visa enriquecimento. Visa reparação moral. Visa demonstrar o peso da autoria em um mundo onde a dor costuma ser desvalorizada em centavos ou convertida em sigilo. Não é sobre dinheiro. É sobre dignidade que não tem preço.

120 p. :

Following World War II, the steadily increasing Government investment in R & D activities focused national attention on the controversial issue of patent rights. Several decades of debate notwithstanding, no uniform Government patent policy exists today. The 1980 amendments to the U.S. patent and trademark laws represent a compromise between the advocates of the 'title' and 'license' schools of thought. The interaction of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches in attempting to establish a uniform Government patent policy applicable to all Federal agencies and departments has been unsuccessful. This situation provides the impetus for future legislative efforts in this area. This thesis provides recommendations for evaluating the impact of the 1980 amendments and insuring that the agency patent policy provisions are promptly implemented.

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

"This essay represents the expansion of a dissertation offered for the degree of Ph. D. in the University of Chicago."--Pref

Since its origination under NASA's previous Human System Research and Technology program, the Lunar Simulant Development Program has undergone several changes. NASA recognized as early as the Apollo Program, and even more so as a result of the Apollo missions, that a viable dust and lunar simulant program is critical to the success of its space exploration goals. Unfortunately, this program has suffered the same problems that all programs share from time to time including uncertain budgets, shifting of priorities, and schedule fluctuations. To compound the problem, the process for developing simulants is being redefined and is not a trivial pursuit. Before now, NASA had not attempted to develop a suitable standard simulant since the 1990s when JSC-1 was produced. Although several other simulants have been developed by various groups both before and after the production of JSC-1, JSC-1 had become the de facto standard even though it has some limitations. The development and production of new simulants will address some of these limitations by starting with an assessment of NASA's needs and understanding the required processing in order to make these simulants.

Since its origination under NASA's previous Human System Research and Technology program, the Lunar Simulant Development Program has undergone several changes. NASA recognized as early as the Apollo Program, and even more so as a result of the Apollo missions, that a viable dust and lunar simulant program is critical to the success of its space exploration goals. Unfortunately, this program has suffered the same problems that all programs share from time to time including uncertain budgets, shifting of priorities, and schedule fluctuations. To compound the problem, the process for developing simulants is being redefined and is not a trivial pursuit. Before now, NASA had not attempted to develop a suitable standard simulant since the 1990s when JSC-1 was produced. Although several other simulants have been developed by various groups both before and after the production of JSC-1, JSC-1 had become the de facto standard even though it has some limitations. The development and production of new simulants will address some of these limitations by starting with an assessment of NASA's needs and understanding the required processing in order to make these simulants.

The geomagnetic field (GMF) is a natural component of our environment. Plants, which are known to sense different wavelengths of light, respond to gravity, react to touch and electrical signaling, cannot escape the effect of GMF. While phototropism, gravitropism, and tigmotropism have been thoroughly studied, the impact of GMF on plant growth and development is not well-understood. This review describes the effects of altering magnetic field (MF) conditions on plants by considering plant responses to MF values either lower or higher than those of the GMF. The possible role of GMF on plant evolution and the nature of the magnetoreceptor is also discussed.

This article is from Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , volume 8 . Abstract Axonal connections between the left and right sides of the brain are crucial for bilateral integration of lateralized sensory, motor, and associative functions. Throughout vertebrate species, forebrain commissures share a conserved developmental plan, a similar position relative to each other within the brain and similar patterns of connectivity. However, major events in the evolution of the vertebrate brain, such as the expansion of the telencephalon in tetrapods and the origin of the six-layered isocortex in mammals, resulted in the emergence and diversification of new commissural routes. These new interhemispheric connections include the pallial commissure, which appeared in the ancestors of tetrapods and connects the left and right sides of the medial pallium (hippocampus in mammals), and the corpus callosum, which is exclusive to eutherian (placental) mammals and connects both isocortical hemispheres. A comparative analysis of commissural systems in vertebrates reveals that the emergence of new commissural routes may have involved co-option of developmental mechanisms and anatomical substrates of preexistent commissural pathways. One of the embryonic regions of interest for studying these processes is the commissural plate, a portion of the early telencephalic midline that provides molecular specification and a cellular scaffold for the development of commissural axons. Further investigations into these embryonic processes in carefully selected species will provide insights not only into the mechanisms driving commissural evolution, but also regarding more general biological problems such as the role of developmental plasticity in evolutionary change.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Imprinted small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are only found in eutherian genomes and closely related to brain functions. A complex human neurological disease, Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), is primarily attributed to the deletion of imprinted snoRNAs in chromosome 15q11-q13. Here we investigated the snoRNA repertoires in the PWS locus of 12 mammalian genomes and their evolution processes. A total of 613 imprinted snoRNAs were identified in the PWS homologous loci and the gene number was highly variable across lineages, with a peak in Euarchontoglires. Lineage-specific gene gain and loss events account for most extant genes of the HBII-52 (SNORD115) and the HBII-85 (SNORD116) gene family, and remarkable high gene-birth rates were observed in the primates and the rodents. Meanwhile, rapid sequence substitution occurred only in imprinted snoRNA genes, rather than their flanking sequences or the protein-coding genes located in the same imprinted locus. Strong selective constraints on the functional elements of these imprinted snoRNAs further suggest that they are subjected to birth-and-death evolution. Our data suggest that the regulatory role of HBII-52 on 5-HT2CR pre-mRNA might originate in the Euarchontoglires through adaptive process. We propose that the rapid evolution of PWS-related imprinted snoRNAs has contributed to the neural development of Euarchontoglires.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Imprinted small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are only found in eutherian genomes and closely related to brain functions. A complex human neurological disease, Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), is primarily attributed to the deletion of imprinted snoRNAs in chromosome 15q11-q13. Here we investigated the snoRNA repertoires in the PWS locus of 12 mammalian genomes and their evolution processes. A total of 613 imprinted snoRNAs were identified in the PWS homologous loci and the gene number was highly variable across lineages, with a peak in Euarchontoglires. Lineage-specific gene gain and loss events account for most extant genes of the HBII-52 (SNORD115) and the HBII-85 (SNORD116) gene family, and remarkable high gene-birth rates were observed in the primates and the rodents. Meanwhile, rapid sequence substitution occurred only in imprinted snoRNA genes, rather than their flanking sequences or the protein-coding genes located in the same imprinted locus. Strong selective constraints on the functional elements of these imprinted snoRNAs further suggest that they are subjected to birth-and-death evolution. Our data suggest that the regulatory role of HBII-52 on 5-HT2CR pre-mRNA might originate in the Euarchontoglires through adaptive process. We propose that the rapid evolution of PWS-related imprinted snoRNAs has contributed to the neural development of Euarchontoglires.

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

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Review of existing communication satellites with tabulated data on worldwide coverage of systems

Development Genes and Evolution 1996 - 1997: Volume 206 , Issue CONTENTS. Digitized from IA1532301-07 . Next issue: sim_development-genes-and-evolution_1996-06_206_1 .

This paper is in the public domain in USA. Metadata comes from the CrossRef API, see full record in the source URL below.

39 p. 28 cm

This paper addresses the problem of how to produce reliable software that is also flexible and cost effective for the DoD distributed software domain. DoD software systems fall into two categories: information systems and war fighter systems. Both types of systems can be distributed, heterogeneous and network-based, consisting of a set of components running on different platforms and working together via multiple communication links and protocols. We propose to tackle the problem using prototyping and a wrapper and glue technology for interoperability and integration. This paper describes a distributed development environment, CAPS (Computer-Aided Prototyping System), to support rapid prototyping and automatic generation of wrapper and glue software based on designer specifications. The CAPS system uses a fifth-generation prototyping language to model the communication structure, timing constraints, I/O control, and data buffering that comprise the requirements for an embedded software system. The language supports the specification of hard real-time systems with reusable components from domain specific component libraries. CAPS has been used successfully as a research tool in prototyping large war-fighter control systems (e.g. the command-and-control station, cruise missile flight control system, missile defense systems) and demonstrated its capability to support the development of large complex embedded software.

This paper addresses the problem of how to produce reliable software that is also flexible and cost effective for the DoD distributed software domain. DoD software systems fall into two categories: information systems and war fighter systems. Both types of systems can be distributed, heterogeneous and network-based, consisting of a set of components running on different platforms and working together via multiple communication links and protocols. We propose to tackle the problem using prototyping and a wrapper and glue technology for interoperability and integration. This paper describes a distributed development environment, CAPS (Computer-Aided Prototyping System), to support rapid prototyping and automatic generation of wrapper and glue software based on designer specifications. The CAPS system uses a fifth-generation prototyping language to model the communication structure, timing constraints, I/O control, and data buffering that comprise the requirements for an embedded software system. The language supports the specification of hard real-time systems with reusable components from domain specific component libraries. CAPS has been used successfully as a research tool in prototyping large war-fighter control systems (e.g. the command-and-control station, cruise missile flight control system, missile defense systems) and demonstrated its capability to support the development of large complex embedded software.

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Search for possible relationships between phylogeny and ontogeny is one of the most important issues in the field of evolutionary developmental biology. By representing developmental dynamics of spatially located cells with gene expression dynamics with cell-to-cell interaction under external morphogen gradient, evolved are gene regulation networks under mutation and selection with the fitness to approach a prescribed spatial pattern of expressed genes. For most of thousands of numerical evolution experiments, evolution of pattern over generations and development of pattern by an evolved network exhibit remarkable congruence. Here, both the pattern dynamics consist of several epochs to form successive stripe formations between quasi-stationary regimes. In evolution, the regimes are generations needed to hit relevant mutations, while in development, they are due to the emergence of slowly varying expression that controls the pattern change. Successive pattern changes are thus generated, which are regulated by successive combinations of feedback or feedforward regulations under the upstream feedforward network that reads the morphogen gradient. By using a pattern generated by the upstream feedforward network as a boundary condition, downstream networks form later stripe patterns. These epochal changes in development and evolution are represented as same bifurcations in dynamical-systems theory, and this agreement of bifurcations lead to the evolution-development congruences. Violation of the evolution-development congruence, observed exceptionally, is shown to be originated in alteration of the boundary due to mutation at the upstream feedforward network. Our results provide a new look on developmental stages, punctuated equilibrium, developmental bottlenecks, and evolutionary acquisition of novelty in morphogenesis.

Search for possible relationships between phylogeny and ontogeny is one of the most important issues in the field of evolutionary developmental biology. By representing developmental dynamics of spatially located cells with gene expression dynamics with cell-to-cell interaction under external morphogen gradient, evolved are gene regulation networks under mutation and selection with the fitness to approach a prescribed spatial pattern of expressed genes. For most of thousands of numerical evolution experiments, evolution of pattern over generations and development of pattern by an evolved network exhibit remarkable congruence. Here, both the pattern dynamics consist of several epochs to form successive stripe formations between quasi-stationary regimes. In evolution, the regimes are generations needed to hit relevant mutations, while in development, they are due to the emergence of slowly varying expression that controls the pattern change. Successive pattern changes are thus generated, which are regulated by successive combinations of feedback or feedforward regulations under the upstream feedforward network that reads the morphogen gradient. By using a pattern generated by the upstream feedforward network as a boundary condition, downstream networks form later stripe patterns. These epochal changes in development and evolution are represented as same bifurcations in dynamical-systems theory, and this agreement of bifurcations lead to the evolution-development congruences. Violation of the evolution-development congruence, observed exceptionally, is shown to be originated in alteration of the boundary due to mutation at the upstream feedforward network. Our results provide a new look on developmental stages, punctuated equilibrium, developmental bottlenecks, and evolutionary acquisition of novelty in morphogenesis.

Search for possible relationships between phylogeny and ontogeny is one of the most important issues in the field of evolutionary developmental biology. By representing developmental dynamics of spatially located cells with gene expression dynamics with cell-to-cell interaction under external morphogen gradient, evolved are gene regulation networks under mutation and selection with the fitness to approach a prescribed spatial pattern of expressed genes. For most of thousands of numerical evolution experiments, evolution of pattern over generations and development of pattern by an evolved network exhibit remarkable congruence. Here, both the pattern dynamics consist of several epochs to form successive stripe formations between quasi-stationary regimes. In evolution, the regimes are generations needed to hit relevant mutations, while in development, they are due to the emergence of slowly varying expression that controls the pattern change. Successive pattern changes are thus generated, which are regulated by successive combinations of feedback or feedforward regulations under the upstream feedforward network that reads the morphogen gradient. By using a pattern generated by the upstream feedforward network as a boundary condition, downstream networks form later stripe patterns. These epochal changes in development and evolution are represented as same bifurcations in dynamical-systems theory, and this agreement of bifurcations lead to the evolution-development congruences. Violation of the evolution-development congruence, observed exceptionally, is shown to be originated in alteration of the boundary due to mutation at the upstream feedforward network. Our results provide a new look on developmental stages, punctuated equilibrium, developmental bottlenecks, and evolutionary acquisition of novelty in morphogenesis.

Anemonefishes, one of the most popular and recognizable of fishes in the world, are much more than film characters; they are also emerging model organisms for studying the biology, ecology, and evolution of coral reef fishes. They are a group of 28 species often employed to study patterns and processes of social organization, intra- and inter-specific competition, sex change, mutualism, dispersal and connectivity of fish populations, habitat selection, pigment pattern formation, lifespan and predator-prey interactions. This multi-authored book covers all these areas and provides an update on the research done with this model and the perspective it opens for the future. Key Features Contains basic and up-to-date information on an emerging fish model Allows non-specialist readers to grasp the relevance of a wide research area Provides accurate and easy to access information on each of the 28 species Includes guidance for establishing a breeding colony Documents that anemonefishes are useful model organisms for ecological, developmental and climate research The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Bibliography: p. 133

Following World War II, the steadily increasing Government investment in R & D activities focused national attention on the controversial issue of patent rights. Several decades of debate notwithstanding, no uniform Government patent policy exists today. The 1980 amendments to the U.S. patent and trademark laws represent a compromise between the advocates of the 'title' and 'license' schools of thought. The interaction of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches in attempting to establish a uniform Government patent policy applicable to all Federal agencies and departments has been unsuccessful. This situation provides the impetus for future legislative efforts in this area. This thesis provides recommendations for evaluating the impact of the 1980 amendments and insuring that the agency patent policy provisions are promptly implemented.

Following World War II, the steadily increasing Government investment in R & D activities focused national attention on the controversial issue of patent rights. Several decades of debate notwithstanding, no uniform Government patent policy exists today. The 1980 amendments to the U.S. patent and trademark laws represent a compromise between the advocates of the 'title' and 'license' schools of thought. The interaction of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches in attempting to establish a uniform Government patent policy applicable to all Federal agencies and departments has been unsuccessful. This situation provides the impetus for future legislative efforts in this area. This thesis provides recommendations for evaluating the impact of the 1980 amendments and insuring that the agency patent policy provisions are promptly implemented.

Following World War II, the steadily increasing Government investment in R & D activities focused national attention on the controversial issue of patent rights. Several decades of debate notwithstanding, no uniform Government patent policy exists today. The 1980 amendments to the U.S. patent and trademark laws represent a compromise between the advocates of the 'title' and 'license' schools of thought. The interaction of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches in attempting to establish a uniform Government patent policy applicable to all Federal agencies and departments has been unsuccessful. This situation provides the impetus for future legislative efforts in this area. This thesis provides recommendations for evaluating the impact of the 1980 amendments and insuring that the agency patent policy provisions are promptly implemented.

ADA118237

This report traces the activities of the Flight Dynamics Laboratory in hypersonic configuration research. Early efforts concentrated on simple configurations and progressed to more sophisticated lifting body point designs as analysis and design techniques became available. Several flight technology demonstration programs pioneered the exploitation of this new challenging flight regime and provided an extensive data base for the development of the Space Shuttle. Hypersonic air-breathing cruise vehicles are shown to be dominated by inlet and nozzles integration with the airframe. A list of lessons learned is compiled to provide a useful reference for the designer in the early formulation of configurations concepts.