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This article is from Oncotarget , volume 5 . Abstract Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family. Here, we examined survivin expression and confirmed abundant survivin expression in bladder cancer cells. This expression pattern indicated that the transcriptional regulatory elements that control survivin expression could be utilized to discriminate cancer from normal cells. We therefore generated a novel adenovirus termed Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 with the following characteristics: 1) E1A and E4 protein expression was dependent on survivin promoter activity; 2) the green fluorescence protein gene was inserted into the genome under the control of the CMV promoter; 3) most of the E3 sequences were deleted, but the construct was still capable of expressing the adenovirus death protein with potent cytotoxic effects; and 4) the fiber knob was from serotype 35 adenovirus. As expected from the abundant survivin expression observed in bladder cancer cells, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 replicated better in cancer cells than in normal cells by a factor of 106 to 102. Likewise, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 exerted greater cytotoxic effects on all bladder cancer cell lines tested. Importantly, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 inhibited the growth of Ku7-Luc orthotopic xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 indicates that the survivin promoter may be utilized for the development of a replication-competent adenovirus to target bladder cancers.

This article is from Oncotarget , volume 5 . Abstract Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family. Here, we examined survivin expression and confirmed abundant survivin expression in bladder cancer cells. This expression pattern indicated that the transcriptional regulatory elements that control survivin expression could be utilized to discriminate cancer from normal cells. We therefore generated a novel adenovirus termed Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 with the following characteristics: 1) E1A and E4 protein expression was dependent on survivin promoter activity; 2) the green fluorescence protein gene was inserted into the genome under the control of the CMV promoter; 3) most of the E3 sequences were deleted, but the construct was still capable of expressing the adenovirus death protein with potent cytotoxic effects; and 4) the fiber knob was from serotype 35 adenovirus. As expected from the abundant survivin expression observed in bladder cancer cells, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 replicated better in cancer cells than in normal cells by a factor of 106 to 102. Likewise, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 exerted greater cytotoxic effects on all bladder cancer cell lines tested. Importantly, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 inhibited the growth of Ku7-Luc orthotopic xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 indicates that the survivin promoter may be utilized for the development of a replication-competent adenovirus to target bladder cancers.

This article is from Oncotarget , volume 5 . Abstract Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family. Here, we examined survivin expression and confirmed abundant survivin expression in bladder cancer cells. This expression pattern indicated that the transcriptional regulatory elements that control survivin expression could be utilized to discriminate cancer from normal cells. We therefore generated a novel adenovirus termed Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 with the following characteristics: 1) E1A and E4 protein expression was dependent on survivin promoter activity; 2) the green fluorescence protein gene was inserted into the genome under the control of the CMV promoter; 3) most of the E3 sequences were deleted, but the construct was still capable of expressing the adenovirus death protein with potent cytotoxic effects; and 4) the fiber knob was from serotype 35 adenovirus. As expected from the abundant survivin expression observed in bladder cancer cells, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 replicated better in cancer cells than in normal cells by a factor of 106 to 102. Likewise, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 exerted greater cytotoxic effects on all bladder cancer cell lines tested. Importantly, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 inhibited the growth of Ku7-Luc orthotopic xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 indicates that the survivin promoter may be utilized for the development of a replication-competent adenovirus to target bladder cancers.

This article is from Oncotarget , volume 5 . Abstract Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family. Here, we examined survivin expression and confirmed abundant survivin expression in bladder cancer cells. This expression pattern indicated that the transcriptional regulatory elements that control survivin expression could be utilized to discriminate cancer from normal cells. We therefore generated a novel adenovirus termed Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 with the following characteristics: 1) E1A and E4 protein expression was dependent on survivin promoter activity; 2) the green fluorescence protein gene was inserted into the genome under the control of the CMV promoter; 3) most of the E3 sequences were deleted, but the construct was still capable of expressing the adenovirus death protein with potent cytotoxic effects; and 4) the fiber knob was from serotype 35 adenovirus. As expected from the abundant survivin expression observed in bladder cancer cells, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 replicated better in cancer cells than in normal cells by a factor of 106 to 102. Likewise, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 exerted greater cytotoxic effects on all bladder cancer cell lines tested. Importantly, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 inhibited the growth of Ku7-Luc orthotopic xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, Ad5/35E1apsurvivinE4 indicates that the survivin promoter may be utilized for the development of a replication-competent adenovirus to target bladder cancers.

This article is from Transcription , volume 3 . Abstract Candida albicans is a commensal microorganism of the human microbiome; it is also the most prevalent fungal pathogen of humans. Many infections caused by C. albicans are a direct consequence of its proclivity to form biofilms—resilient, surface-associated communities of cells where individual cells acquire specialized properties that are distinct from those observed in suspension cultures. We recently identified the transcriptional network that orchestrates the formation of biofilms in C. albicans. These results set the stage for understanding how biofilms are formed and, once formed, how the specialized properties of biofilms are elaborated. This information will provide new insight for understanding biofilms in more detail and may lead to improvements in preventing and treating biofilm-based infections in the future.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1937

This article is from BMC Genomics , volume 15 . Abstract Background: Highly adapted plant species are able to alter their root architecture to improve nutrient uptake and thrive in environments with limited nutrient supply. Cluster roots (CRs) are specialised structures of dense lateral roots formed by several plant species for the effective mining of nutrient rich soil patches through a combination of increased surface area and exudation of carboxylates. White lupin is becoming a model-species allowing for the discovery of gene networks involved in CR development. A greater understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these developmental processes is important for the generation of smarter plants for a world with diminishing resources to improve food security. Results: RNA-seq analyses for three developmental stages of the CR formed under phosphorus-limited conditions and two of non-cluster roots have been performed for white lupin. In total 133,045,174 high-quality paired-end reads were used for a de novo assembly of the root transcriptome and merged with LAGI01 (Lupinus albus gene index) to generate an improved LAGI02 with 65,097 functionally annotated contigs. This was followed by comparative gene expression analysis. We show marked differences in the transcriptional response across the various cluster root stages to adjust to phosphate limitation by increasing uptake capacity and adjusting metabolic pathways. Several transcription factors such as PLT, SCR, PHB, PHV or AUX/IAA with a known role in the control of meristem activity and developmental processes show an increased expression in the tip of the CR. Genes involved in hormonal responses (PIN, LAX, YUC) and cell cycle control (CYCA/B, CDK) are also differentially expressed. In addition, we identify primary transcripts of miRNAs with established function in the root meristem. Conclusions: Our gene expression analysis shows an intricate network of transcription factors and plant hormones controlling CR initiation and formation. In addition, functional differences between the different CR developmental stages in the acclimation to phosphorus starvation have been identified.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Development of yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) with superior quality traits (low erucic and linolenic acid contents, and low glucosinolate content) can make this species as a potential oilseed crop. We have recently isolated three inbred lines Y1127, Y514 and Y1035 with low (3.8%), medium (12.3%) and high (20.8%) linolenic acid (C18∶3) content, respectively, in this species. Inheritance studies detected two fatty acid desaturase 3 (FAD3) gene loci controlling the variation of C18∶3 content. QTL mapping revealed that the two FAD3 gene loci responsible for 73.0% and 23.4% of the total variation and were located on the linkage groups Sal02 and Sal10, respectively. The FAD3 gene on Sal02 was referred to as SalFAD3.LA1 and that on Sal10 as SalFAD3.LA2. The dominant and recessive alleles were designated as LA1 and la1 for SalFAD3.LA1, and LA2 and la2 for SalFAD3.LA2. Cloning and alignment of the coding and genomic DNA sequences revealed that the SalFAD3.LA1 and SalFAD3.LA2 genes each contained 8 exons and 7 introns. LA1 had a coding DNA sequence (CDS) of 1143 bp encoding a polypeptide of 380 amino acids, whereas la1 was a loss-of-function allele due to an insertion of 584 bp in exon 3. Both LA2 and la2 had a CDS of 1152 bp encoding a polypeptide of 383 amino acids. Allele-specific markers for LA1, la1, LA2 and la2 co-segregated with the C18∶3 content in the F2 populations and will be useful for improving fatty acid composition through marker assisted selection in yellow mustard breeding.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Development of yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) with superior quality traits (low erucic and linolenic acid contents, and low glucosinolate content) can make this species as a potential oilseed crop. We have recently isolated three inbred lines Y1127, Y514 and Y1035 with low (3.8%), medium (12.3%) and high (20.8%) linolenic acid (C18∶3) content, respectively, in this species. Inheritance studies detected two fatty acid desaturase 3 (FAD3) gene loci controlling the variation of C18∶3 content. QTL mapping revealed that the two FAD3 gene loci responsible for 73.0% and 23.4% of the total variation and were located on the linkage groups Sal02 and Sal10, respectively. The FAD3 gene on Sal02 was referred to as SalFAD3.LA1 and that on Sal10 as SalFAD3.LA2. The dominant and recessive alleles were designated as LA1 and la1 for SalFAD3.LA1, and LA2 and la2 for SalFAD3.LA2. Cloning and alignment of the coding and genomic DNA sequences revealed that the SalFAD3.LA1 and SalFAD3.LA2 genes each contained 8 exons and 7 introns. LA1 had a coding DNA sequence (CDS) of 1143 bp encoding a polypeptide of 380 amino acids, whereas la1 was a loss-of-function allele due to an insertion of 584 bp in exon 3. Both LA2 and la2 had a CDS of 1152 bp encoding a polypeptide of 383 amino acids. Allele-specific markers for LA1, la1, LA2 and la2 co-segregated with the C18∶3 content in the F2 populations and will be useful for improving fatty acid composition through marker assisted selection in yellow mustard breeding.

Earlier work on the development and application of the grooved-charge method of obtaining controlled fragmentation has been confined to casings with cylindrical cavities into which pre-cast charges, or fluted liners, can be easily inserted. Difficulty is experienced when the cavity is not cylindrical and when it is bulbous with a narrow neck, for it is then necessary to have a flexible liner which, shaped to the cavity, can be collapsed during insertion and is elastic enough to recover its shape. A method of fabricating fluted rubber liners which meet this requirement has been developed. A metal former carrying the chosen fluted pattern and shaped to the cavity of the casing is sprayed with rubber latex under specified conditions. The liner, in the form of a bag, is peeled off the former and inserted into the casing. The process of filling with molten explosive helps in achieving a good fit of the liner to the cavity. Fragmentation results with cylindrical and barrel-shaped casings are described.

xii, 397 p. 22 cm

Fresh foods have a great importance in human nutrition. However, they are marketed with greatly reduced shelf life mainly due to fungal spoilage. In this work, cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Trichoderma asperellum T00 (TCWDE) were immobilized onto cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) in order to evaluate the potential use of this material as food additive aiming to increase the shelf life by inhibiting fungal growth. Results from factorial design (32) evidenced that the best conditions for TCWDE immobilization was achieved with 20 min of reaction using 1 mmol L-1 of NaIO4. On these conditions it was observed 91% of retention yield for NAGase (30.1 ± 0.38 U mL-1), 41% for chitinase (0.67 ± 0.05 U mL-1), and 24% for β-1,3-glucanase (0.017± 0.001 U mL-1). CGP/TCWDE was effective for growth inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium sp. and the inhibition mechanism seems to involve changes in the cell wall of those microorganisms. Finally, the CGP/TCWDE presented high stability after drying, maintaining enzymatic and biological activity after 200 days of storage at room temperature (25 ºC).

Source: Digital Library of India Scanning Centre: C-DAC, Noida Source Library: Delhi Engineering College Date Accessioned: 6/19/2015 17:13 The Digital Library of India was a project under the auspices of the Government of India.

Source: Digital Library of India Scanning Centre: C-DAC, Noida Source Library: Delhi Engineering College Date Accessioned: 6/19/2015 17:13 The Digital Library of India was a project under the auspices of the Government of India.

Source: Digital Library of India Scanning Centre: C-DAC, Noida Source Library: Delhi Engineering College Date Accessioned: 6/19/2015 17:13 The Digital Library of India was a project under the auspices of the Government of India.

A project management procedure used in conjunction with the IBM Program Control System (PCS) is described. Information is given on how the combination is used by the Florida Department of Education to control the cost of data processing projects and to ensure their completion on schedule. The first section of the paper describes the project management procedures, discussing background material, the Information Systems Section of the Department of Education, and needs identified by the Section. Also reviewed are the seven phases of the management procedure: 1) problem analysis; 2) problem definition; 3) systems analysis; 4) systems design; 5) program specifications; 6) programing and implementation; and 7) systems evaluation. The second part of the paper deals with the Project Control System, with emphasis upon network and system concepts. The concluding section of the report describes the application of the project management procedures and the Project Control System to the development of a large computer-based system run by the Florida Department of Education. Topics discussed include the history and development of the computer system. A summary and some conclusions are also presented. (PB)

As a pedagogical tool, film can help adult learners understand diverse narratives and disrupt ideology domination, specifically regarding Black women. Despite the increase in visibility in Hollywood, Black women remain negatively depicted in films. The negative depictions often minimize or simply ignore the development or self-actualization of their characters. The purpose was to examine the depictions and adult development of Black women's characters in American films. Based on our oppositional gaze of 12 Black female-led American films, four themes emerged: #noBlackgirlmagic, the transition from object-to-subject, the lies you tell, and hair it is. Practical implications for educators across the adult and higher education landscapes are discussed. [For the full proceedings, see ED648717.]

Human ear will acknowledge as sound when frequency is in the range of 20 to 20000 Hz and more sensitive in the range of 500 - 4000 Hz. Heat and sound insulation panels are generally composed of nonwoven porous synthetic materials such as rock wool, glass wool, polyurethane, polyester and etc. Though these materials have excellent acoustic properties at high frequencies, their structural properties are not enough to defend against low frequency noise.  Multi-purpose concert halls face a dilemma and they host classical music concerts, rock concerts and spoken word performances in a matter of a short period. These different performance types require significantly different acoustic conditions in order to provide the best sound quality to both the performers and the audience. Micro perforated panel absorber backed by air gap is also used in auditoriums and effective only in absorbing specified range of frequencies low frequency .  Hence, it is clear that one type of acoustical absorbers is unable to attenuate wide spectrum of frequency noise. Increased usage of synthetic sound absorption materials leads to higher CO2 emission and other environmental issues. Therefore, many researches turned towards the production of insulating materials by using natural and bio based materials. Natural materials are becoming a valid alternative to synthetic materials and composite panel is proposed with coir fibre alone which is organic in nature, have excellent insulation against thermal and sound and more resistant to fungi rot.  The present work has been focused on the sound absorption performance nonwoven porous coir matt mounted with and with-out air gap, perforated panel faced porous coir matt with and with-out air gap and perforated panel mounted with air gap. by  A. Muralikrishnan "Development of Hybrid Fibrous Panel for Controlling Acoustics in Home Theatre /Conference Hall"  Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018,  URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18855.pdf Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/textile-engineering/18855/development-of-hybrid-fibrous-panel-for-controlling-acoustics-in-home-theatre-conference-hall/a-muralikrishnan

Human ear will acknowledge as sound when frequency is in the range of 20 to 20000 Hz and more sensitive in the range of 500 - 4000 Hz. Heat and sound insulation panels are generally composed of nonwoven porous synthetic materials such as rock wool, glass wool, polyurethane, polyester and etc. Though these materials have excellent acoustic properties at high frequencies, their structural properties are not enough to defend against low frequency noise.  Multi-purpose concert halls face a dilemma and they host classical music concerts, rock concerts and spoken word performances in a matter of a short period. These different performance types require significantly different acoustic conditions in order to provide the best sound quality to both the performers and the audience. Micro perforated panel absorber backed by air gap is also used in auditoriums and effective only in absorbing specified range of frequencies low frequency .  Hence, it is clear that one type of acoustical absorbers is unable to attenuate wide spectrum of frequency noise. Increased usage of synthetic sound absorption materials leads to higher CO2 emission and other environmental issues. Therefore, many researches turned towards the production of insulating materials by using natural and bio based materials. Natural materials are becoming a valid alternative to synthetic materials and composite panel is proposed with coir fibre alone which is organic in nature, have excellent insulation against thermal and sound and more resistant to fungi rot.  The present work has been focused on the sound absorption performance nonwoven porous coir matt mounted with and with-out air gap, perforated panel faced porous coir matt with and with-out air gap and perforated panel mounted with air gap. by  A. Muralikrishnan "Development of Hybrid Fibrous Panel for Controlling Acoustics in Home Theatre /Conference Hall"  Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018,  URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18855.pdf Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/textile-engineering/18855/development-of-hybrid-fibrous-panel-for-controlling-acoustics-in-home-theatre-conference-hall/a-muralikrishnan

Human ear will acknowledge as sound when frequency is in the range of 20 to 20000 Hz and more sensitive in the range of 500 - 4000 Hz. Heat and sound insulation panels are generally composed of nonwoven porous synthetic materials such as rock wool, glass wool, polyurethane, polyester and etc. Though these materials have excellent acoustic properties at high frequencies, their structural properties are not enough to defend against low frequency noise.  Multi-purpose concert halls face a dilemma and they host classical music concerts, rock concerts and spoken word performances in a matter of a short period. These different performance types require significantly different acoustic conditions in order to provide the best sound quality to both the performers and the audience. Micro perforated panel absorber backed by air gap is also used in auditoriums and effective only in absorbing specified range of frequencies low frequency .  Hence, it is clear that one type of acoustical absorbers is unable to attenuate wide spectrum of frequency noise. Increased usage of synthetic sound absorption materials leads to higher CO2 emission and other environmental issues. Therefore, many researches turned towards the production of insulating materials by using natural and bio based materials. Natural materials are becoming a valid alternative to synthetic materials and composite panel is proposed with coir fibre alone which is organic in nature, have excellent insulation against thermal and sound and more resistant to fungi rot.  The present work has been focused on the sound absorption performance nonwoven porous coir matt mounted with and with-out air gap, perforated panel faced porous coir matt with and with-out air gap and perforated panel mounted with air gap. by  A. Muralikrishnan "Development of Hybrid Fibrous Panel for Controlling Acoustics in Home Theatre /Conference Hall"  Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018,  URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18855.pdf Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/textile-engineering/18855/development-of-hybrid-fibrous-panel-for-controlling-acoustics-in-home-theatre-conference-hall/a-muralikrishnan

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a key crop and a major source of livelihood for a vast population of the world after wheat and rice. However, diseases have diverse effects on potato fields, leading to damage to crops and reducing crop production. The two major diseases that afflict potato plants are referred to as early blight and late blight. Protection of this crop yield from blight diseases is one of the foremost challenges. Therefore, detection of these leaf diseases at appropriate time is very essential to prevent the damage. This study intends an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart potato leaf diseases monitoring and control system that combines IoT technology with eco-sensing and image processing to identify and categorize these diseases. Studies have found that blight diseases are directly related to temperature and humidity of the planted area. This study measures environmental information using a sensor network installed in the planted area. After sensing and measuring environmental information, acquired values are displayed and farmers get these acquired values via message notification. The system obtains a 97% accuracy rate in recognizing these diseases by using our fine-tuned model of ResNet-50 for image processing.

The objectives of this program were to investigate the relationships among phase equilibria, kinetics, mechanisms and microstructural development in chemically bonded ceramics which exhibit cementing properties. This objective was based on the need to identify the above relationships if advanced cement- based materials are to be developed. Although cements are normally regarded as civil engineering materials, this view is unduly limited. Emphasis in this program was on the broader objectives of near net shape fabrication at low temperature. The use of the term 'cement-based' is intended to imply that the reactions leading to microstructural development occur in an aqueous environment. Emphasis was on non-civil engineering materials, as such these materials are called chemically bonded ceramics.

AD-A268 698

This article is from Journal of Experimental Botany , volume 63 . Abstract Environmental cues influence the development of stomata on the leaf epidermis, and allow plants to exert plasticity in leaf stomatal abundance in response to the prevailing growing conditions. It is reported that Arabidopsis thaliana ‘Landsberg erecta’ plants grown under low relative humidity have a reduced stomatal index and that two genes in the stomatal development pathway, SPEECHLESS and FAMA, become de novo cytosine methylated and transcriptionally repressed. These environmentally-induced epigenetic responses were abolished in mutants lacking the capacity for de novo DNA methylation, for the maintenance of CG methylation, and in mutants for the production of short-interfering non-coding RNAs (siRNAs) in the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway. Induction of methylation was quantitatively related to the induction of local siRNAs under low relative humidity. Our results indicate the involvement of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene suppression at these loci in response to environmental stress. Thus, in a physiologically important pathway, a targeted epigenetic response to a specific environmental stress is reported and several of its molecular, mechanistic components are described, providing a tractable platform for future epigenetics experiments. Our findings suggest epigenetic regulation of stomatal development that allows for anatomical and phenotypic plasticity, and may help to explain at least some of the plant’s resilience to fluctuating relative humidity.

Techniques for controlling warpage and residual stresses in welded aluminum alloy structures for Saturn project

Techniques for controlling warpage and residual stresses in welded aluminum alloy structures for Saturn project

Techniques for controlling warpage and residual stresses in welded aluminum alloy structures for Saturn project

This article is from Frontiers in Plant Science , volume 5 . Abstract Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells located on aerial parts of plants and are associated with a wide array of biological processes. Trichomes protect plants from adverse conditions including UV light and herbivore attack and are also an important source of a number of phytochemicals. The simple unicellular trichomes of Arabidopsis serve as an excellent model to study molecular mechanism of cell differentiation and pattern formation in plants. The emerging picture suggests that the developmental process is controlled by a transcriptional network involving three major groups of transcription factors (TFs): the R2R3 MYB, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and WD40 repeat (WDR) protein. These regulatory proteins form a trimeric activator complex that positively regulates trichome development. The single repeat R3 MYBs act as negative regulators of trichome development. They compete with the R2R3 MYBs to bind the bHLH factor and form a repressor complex. In addition to activator–repressor mechanism, a depletion mechanism may operate in parallel during trichome development. In this mechanism, the bHLH factor traps the WDR protein which results in depletion of WDR protein in neighboring cells. Consequently, the cells with high levels of bHLH and WDR proteins are developed into trichomes. A group of C2H2 zinc finger TFs has also been implicated in trichome development. Phytohormones, including gibberellins and jasmonic acid, play significant roles in this developmental process. Recently, microRNAs have been shown to be involved in trichome development. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the activities of the key regulatory proteins involved in trichome development are controlled by the 26S/ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), highlighting the complexity of the regulatory network controlling this developmental process. To complement several excellent recent relevant reviews, this review focuses on the transcriptional network and hormonal interplay controlling trichome development in Arabidopsis.

This article is from Frontiers in Plant Science , volume 5 . Abstract Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells located on aerial parts of plants and are associated with a wide array of biological processes. Trichomes protect plants from adverse conditions including UV light and herbivore attack and are also an important source of a number of phytochemicals. The simple unicellular trichomes of Arabidopsis serve as an excellent model to study molecular mechanism of cell differentiation and pattern formation in plants. The emerging picture suggests that the developmental process is controlled by a transcriptional network involving three major groups of transcription factors (TFs): the R2R3 MYB, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and WD40 repeat (WDR) protein. These regulatory proteins form a trimeric activator complex that positively regulates trichome development. The single repeat R3 MYBs act as negative regulators of trichome development. They compete with the R2R3 MYBs to bind the bHLH factor and form a repressor complex. In addition to activator–repressor mechanism, a depletion mechanism may operate in parallel during trichome development. In this mechanism, the bHLH factor traps the WDR protein which results in depletion of WDR protein in neighboring cells. Consequently, the cells with high levels of bHLH and WDR proteins are developed into trichomes. A group of C2H2 zinc finger TFs has also been implicated in trichome development. Phytohormones, including gibberellins and jasmonic acid, play significant roles in this developmental process. Recently, microRNAs have been shown to be involved in trichome development. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the activities of the key regulatory proteins involved in trichome development are controlled by the 26S/ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), highlighting the complexity of the regulatory network controlling this developmental process. To complement several excellent recent relevant reviews, this review focuses on the transcriptional network and hormonal interplay controlling trichome development in Arabidopsis.

Recent experimental observations have shown that a leading edge vortex on a delta wing at constant angle of attack consists of a series of discrete smaller vortices. These vortices pair, much the same as in a free shear layer. A device is proposed to modulate the shedding and the pairing of the discrete vortices by mechanically or acoustically perturbing the leading edge of a delta wing. By applying the perturbation to both leading edges, the total lift of a wing will be altered; alternatively, by using the perturbation preferentially on only one side of the wing, the rolling moment around the axis of symmetry of the aircraft is controlled. The proposed device will enable the pilot of a fighter aircraft to achieve a previously unattained degree of maneuverability. During the first phase of this research, experiments were conducted in both a water towing tank and a high speed wind tunnel. Flow visualization, fast-response velocity probe surveys, as well as force measurements were conducted to assess the performance of the proposed vortex control device and, more importantly at this early stage of the research, to understand the complex flow field under consideration. Keywords: Vortex control device; Lift control; Lift enhancement; Super-maneuverability.

Document number CIA-RDP80T00246A042200050001-7 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

From the bitsavers.org collection, a scanned-in computer-related document. xerox :: parc :: techReports :: CSL-82-7 Controlling Large Software Development In a Distributed Environment

Chromium has a combination of qualities that give chromium electroplating an important role in coating military hardware and armament. However, chromium electroplating and chromium anodizing operations create hazardous air pollutants in the form of hexavalent chromium. Conventional technologies for controlling this pollutant are expensive, noisy, and use a lot of energy and water. Consequently, an air pollution problem is turned into a water pollution problem that also requires treatment. There is a need for an economical control option that pollutes less than conventional technologies. This project developed control technologies to effectively and economically control hazardous air emissions from Army chromium electroplating and anodizing operations, primarily focusing on the development of the Venturi/Vortex Scrubber technology (VVST).

The author has identified the following significant results. As the Connecticut River flows into Long Island Sound, large plumes develop during the mixing of ocean and estuarine waters. Plumes were delineated for July 28, October 8, October 27, and December 2, 1972, by analyzing ERTS-1 imagery with the SRI Electronic Satellite Image Analysis Console (ESIAC). Because the chemical and physical composition of the plume and ocean water were not too different, the ESIAC was utilized to expand the scenes and subject the transparencies to varying combinations of viewing techniques to identify and delineate the plumes. Best results were obtained when band 5 transparencies were used. Indications are, when the scene being analyzed is predominantly in the first two steps of the gray scale, it is best to use the negative transparencies. When the analysis is being done above the first two steps of the gray scale, it is best to use the positive transparencies.

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

This article is from F1000 Biology Reports , volume 3 . Abstract Understanding how different kinds of neuron in the brain work together to implement sensations, feelings, thoughts, and movements, and how deficits in specific kinds of neuron result in brain diseases, has long been a priority in basic and clinical neuroscience. “Optogenetic” tools are genetically encoded molecules that, when targeted to specific neurons in the brain, enable their activity to be driven or silenced by light. These molecules are microbial opsins, seven-transmembrane proteins adapted from organisms found throughout the world, which react to light by transporting ions across the lipid membranes of cells in which they are genetically expressed. These tools are enabling the causal assessment of the roles that different sets of neurons play within neural circuits, and are accordingly being used to reveal how different sets of neurons contribute to the emergent computational and behavioral functions of the brain. These tools are also being explored as components of prototype neural control prosthetics capable of correcting neural circuit computations that have gone awry in brain disorders. This review gives an account of the birth of optogenetics and discusses the technology and its applications.

Process control is a way of training managers in business and industry to plan, monitor, and communicate the instructional development process of training projects. Two simple and useful tools that managers use in controlling the process of instructional development are the Process Control Planning Sheet and the Process Control Record. The Process Control Planning Sheet is used by the training manager to plan the construction of courses. The Process Control Record is a charting tool that is used in monitoring all training projects of a department. Process control is a method that training managers can use to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the instructional development process. (Sample forms are included.) (Author/YLB)

This article is from Biology Open , volume 3 . Abstract We previously found that the small GTPase Ras-dva1 is essential for the telencephalic development in Xenopus laevis because Ras-dva1 controls the Fgf8-mediated induction of FoxG1 expression, a key telencephalic regulator. In this report, we show, however, that Ras-dva1 and FoxG1 are expressed in different groups of cells; whereas Ras-dva1 is expressed in the outer layer of the anterior neural fold, FoxG1 and Fgf8 are activated in the inner layer from which the telencephalon is derived. We resolve this paradox by demonstrating that Ras-dva1 is involved in the transduction of Fgf8 signal received by cells in the outer layer, which in turn send a feedback signal that stimulates FoxG1 expression in the inner layer. We show that this feedback signal is transmitted by secreted Agr proteins, the expression of which is activated in the outer layer by mediation of Ras-dva1 and the homeodomain transcription factor Otx2. In turn, Agrs are essential for maintaining Fgf8 and FoxG1 expression in cells at the anterior neural plate border. Our finding reveals a novel feedback loop mechanism based on the exchange of Fgf8 and Agr signaling between neural and non-neural compartments at the anterior margin of the neural plate and demonstrates a key role of Ras-dva1 in this mechanism.

Council for Tobacco Research Records; abstract; st indicates that presence of mechanical load appears to influence direction of cartilage formation and process of chondroblast differentiation

In industrial electric drive systems, it is common to find objects that need to solve the problem of angular position control, moving the object from one position to another asymptotically with no over-correction and guarantee. calculation of maximum fast impact. This is a multi-target optimization problem with many different solutions. This paper presents a method of constructing a PMSM motor position controller with a variable structure using dSPACE 1104 card. The system consists of a position control loop with a variable structure that is an outer loop and a speed control loop degree is the inner loop. In which, the speed adjustment loop uses adaptive law to compensate for uncertain functions and build a sliding mode observation to estimate load torque, friction and noise. The results of the simulation study were verified on Matlab-Simulink environment and experimented on dSPACE 1104 card to check the correctness of the built controller algorithm. The research results in the paper are the basis for the evaluation and setting up of control algorithms, design of electric drive systems in industry and the military.

Source: Digital Library of India Scanning Centre: C-DAC, Noida Source Library: Delhi Engineering College Date Accessioned: 7/10/2015 22:09 The Digital Library of India was a project under the auspices of the Government of India.

This article is from European Heart Journal , volume 34 . Abstract Aims: Myocardial development is dependent on concomitant growth of cardiomyocytes and a supporting vascular network. The coupling of myocardial and coronary vascular development is partly mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) signalling and additional unknown mechanisms. We examined the cardiomyocyte specific role of the transcriptional co-activator Cited2 on myocardial microstructure and vessel growth, in relation to Vegfa expression. Methods and results: A cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of mouse Cited2 (Cited2Nkx) was analysed using magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Ventricular septal defects and significant compact layer thinning (P < 0.02 at right ventricular apex, P < 0.009 at the left ventricular apex in Cited2Nkx vs. controls, n= 11 vs. n= 7, respectively) were found. This was associated with a significant decrease in the number of capillaries to larger vessels (ratio 1.56 ± 0.56 vs. 3.25 ± 1.63, P= 2.7 × 10−6Cited2Nkx vs. controls, n= 11 vs. n= 7, respectively) concomitant with a 1.5-fold reduction in Vegfa expression (P < 0.02, Cited2Nkx vs. controls, n= 12 vs. n= 12, respectively). CITED2 was subsequently found at the Vegfa promoter in mouse embryonic hearts using chromatin immunoprecipitation, and moreover found to stimulate human VEGFA promoter activity in cooperation with TFAP2 transcription factors in transient transfection assays. There was no change in the myocardial expression of the left-right patterning gene Pitx2c, a previously known target of CITED2. Conclusions: This study delineates a novel cell-autonomous role of Cited2 in regulating VEGFA transcription and the development of myocardium and coronary vasculature in the mouse. We suggest that coupling of myocardial and coronary growth in the developing heart may occur in part through a Cited2→Vegfa pathway.

This article is from PLoS Genetics , volume 9 . Abstract The second messengers cAMP and cGMP activate their target proteins by binding to a conserved cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD). Here, we identify and characterize an entirely novel CNBD-containing protein called CRIS (cyclic nucleotide receptor involved in sperm function) that is unrelated to any of the other members of this protein family. CRIS is exclusively expressed in sperm precursor cells. Cris-deficient male mice are either infertile due to a lack of sperm resulting from spermatogenic arrest, or subfertile due to impaired sperm motility. The motility defect is caused by altered Ca2+ regulation of flagellar beat asymmetry, leading to a beating pattern that is reminiscent of sperm hyperactivation. Our results suggest that CRIS interacts during spermiogenesis with Ca2+-regulated proteins that—in mature sperm—are involved in flagellar bending.

This article is from PLoS Genetics , volume 9 . Abstract The second messengers cAMP and cGMP activate their target proteins by binding to a conserved cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD). Here, we identify and characterize an entirely novel CNBD-containing protein called CRIS (cyclic nucleotide receptor involved in sperm function) that is unrelated to any of the other members of this protein family. CRIS is exclusively expressed in sperm precursor cells. Cris-deficient male mice are either infertile due to a lack of sperm resulting from spermatogenic arrest, or subfertile due to impaired sperm motility. The motility defect is caused by altered Ca2+ regulation of flagellar beat asymmetry, leading to a beating pattern that is reminiscent of sperm hyperactivation. Our results suggest that CRIS interacts during spermiogenesis with Ca2+-regulated proteins that—in mature sperm—are involved in flagellar bending.

This article is from PLoS Genetics , volume 9 . Abstract The second messengers cAMP and cGMP activate their target proteins by binding to a conserved cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD). Here, we identify and characterize an entirely novel CNBD-containing protein called CRIS (cyclic nucleotide receptor involved in sperm function) that is unrelated to any of the other members of this protein family. CRIS is exclusively expressed in sperm precursor cells. Cris-deficient male mice are either infertile due to a lack of sperm resulting from spermatogenic arrest, or subfertile due to impaired sperm motility. The motility defect is caused by altered Ca2+ regulation of flagellar beat asymmetry, leading to a beating pattern that is reminiscent of sperm hyperactivation. Our results suggest that CRIS interacts during spermiogenesis with Ca2+-regulated proteins that—in mature sperm—are involved in flagellar bending.

There are no author-identified significant results in this report.

No Description

This report results from a contract tasking Kiev Shevchenko University as follows: The contractor will investigate the possibility of controlling the probability of nuclear decay of Mossbauer nuclei as described in his proposal.

This article is from BMC Genomics , volume 15 . Abstract Background: Selection pressure on the number of teats has been applied to be able to provide enough teats for the increase in litter size in pigs. Although many QTL were reported, they cover large chromosomal regions and the functional mutations and their underlying biological mechanisms have not yet been identified. To gain a better insight in the genetic architecture of the trait number of teats, we performed a genome-wide association study by genotyping 936 Large White pigs using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 Beadchip. The analysis is based on deregressed breeding values to account for the dense family structure and a Bayesian approach for estimation of the SNP effects. Results: The genome-wide association study resulted in 212 significant SNPs. In total, 39 QTL regions were defined including 170 SNPs on 13 Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC) of which 5 regions on SSC7, 9, 10, 12 and 14 were highly significant. All significantly associated regions together explain 9.5% of the genetic variance where a QTL on SSC7 explains the most genetic variance (2.5%). For the five highly significant QTL regions, a search for candidate genes was performed. The most convincing candidate genes were VRTN and Prox2 on SSC7, MPP7, ARMC4, and MKX on SSC10, and vertebrae δ-EF1 on SSC12. All three QTL contain candidate genes which are known to be associated with vertebral development. In the new QTL regions on SSC9 and SSC14, no obvious candidate genes were identified. Conclusions: Five major QTL were found at high resolution on SSC7, 9, 10, 12, and 14 of which the QTL on SSC9 and SSC14 are the first ones to be reported on these chromosomes. The significant SNPs found in this study could be used in selection to increase number of teats in pigs, so that the increasing number of live-born piglets can be nursed by the sow. This study points to common genetic mechanisms regulating number of vertebrae and number of teats. Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-542) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.