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A comparative analysis of health and safety risks is presented for the Satellite Power System and five alternative baseload electrical generation systems: a low-Btu coal gasification system with an open-cycle gas turbine combined with a steam topping cycle; a light water fission reactor system without fuel reprocessing; a liquid metal fast breeder fission reactor system; a central station terrestrial photovoltaic system; and a first generation fusion system with magnetic confinement. For comparison, risk from a decentralized roof-top photovoltaic system with battery storage is also evaluated. Quantified estimates of public and occupational risks within ranges of uncertainty were developed for each phase of the energy system. The potential significance of related major health and safety issues that remain unquantitied are also discussed.

A comparative analysis of health and safety risks is presented for the Satellite Power System and five alternative baseload electrical generation systems: a low-Btu coal gasification system with an open-cycle gas turbine combined with a steam topping cycle; a light water fission reactor system without fuel reprocessing; a liquid metal fast breeder fission reactor system; a central station terrestrial photovoltaic system; and a first generation fusion system with magnetic confinement. For comparison, risk from a decentralized roof-top photovoltaic system with battery storage is also evaluated. Quantified estimates of public and occupational risks within ranges of uncertainty were developed for each phase of the energy system. The potential significance of related major health and safety issues that remain unquantitied are also discussed.

A comparative analysis of health and safety risks is presented for the Satellite Power System and five alternative baseload electrical generation systems: a low-Btu coal gasification system with an open-cycle gas turbine combined with a steam topping cycle; a light water fission reactor system without fuel reprocessing; a liquid metal fast breeder fission reactor system; a central station terrestrial photovoltaic system; and a first generation fusion system with magnetic confinement. For comparison, risk from a decentralized roof-top photovoltaic system with battery storage is also evaluated. Quantified estimates of public and occupational risks within ranges of uncertainty were developed for each phase of the energy system. The potential significance of related major health and safety issues that remain unquantitied are also discussed.

A comparative analysis of health and safety risks is presented for the Satellite Power System and five alternative baseload electrical generation systems: a low-Btu coal gasification system with an open-cycle gas turbine combined with a steam topping cycle; a light water fission reactor system without fuel reprocessing; a liquid metal fast breeder fission reactor system; a central station terrestrial photovoltaic system; and a first generation fusion system with magnetic confinement. For comparison, risk from a decentralized roof-top photovoltaic system with battery storage is also evaluated. Quantified estimates of public and occupational risks within ranges of uncertainty were developed for each phase of the energy system. The potential significance of related major health and safety issues that remain unquantitied are also discussed.

A comparative analysis of health and safety risks is presented for the Satellite Power System and five alternative baseload electrical generation systems: a low-Btu coal gasification system with an open-cycle gas turbine combined with a steam topping cycle; a light water fission reactor system without fuel reprocessing; a liquid metal fast breeder fission reactor system; a central station terrestrial photovoltaic system; and a first generation fusion system with magnetic confinement. For comparison, risk from a decentralized roof-top photovoltaic system with battery storage is also evaluated. Quantified estimates of public and occupational risks within ranges of uncertainty were developed for each phase of the energy system. The potential significance of related major health and safety issues that remain unquantitied are also discussed.

A study was done to determine what differences, if any, existed in the level of dental health knowledge between pupils at continuous resident (CR) schools (schools which employed a full-time dental hygienist) and pupils at nonresident (NR) schools (schools which provided only classroom instruction by the teacher). Demographic characteristics of the sample, such as socioeconomic status and educational level of Ss' parents, were controlled. Samples were drawn from the Denver public school system and an adjacent tri-county area. A 35-item, multiple-response questionnaire testing dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was administered. A 90% level of statistical confidence for questionnaire items was accepted. Significant differences pointed to a more favorable level of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CR pupils than for NR pupils. Sex of Ss, however, was not a controlled factor, and significant differences did occur within groups with a higher percentage of females. (JB)

A study was done to determine what differences, if any, existed in the level of dental health knowledge between pupils at continuous resident (CR) schools (schools which employed a full-time dental hygienist) and pupils at nonresident (NR) schools (schools which provided only classroom instruction by the teacher). Demographic characteristics of the sample, such as socioeconomic status and educational level of Ss' parents, were controlled. Samples were drawn from the Denver public school system and an adjacent tri-county area. A 35-item, multiple-response questionnaire testing dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was administered. A 90% level of statistical confidence for questionnaire items was accepted. Significant differences pointed to a more favorable level of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CR pupils than for NR pupils. Sex of Ss, however, was not a controlled factor, and significant differences did occur within groups with a higher percentage of females. (JB)

A study was done to determine what differences, if any, existed in the level of dental health knowledge between pupils at continuous resident (CR) schools (schools which employed a full-time dental hygienist) and pupils at nonresident (NR) schools (schools which provided only classroom instruction by the teacher). Demographic characteristics of the sample, such as socioeconomic status and educational level of Ss' parents, were controlled. Samples were drawn from the Denver public school system and an adjacent tri-county area. A 35-item, multiple-response questionnaire testing dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was administered. A 90% level of statistical confidence for questionnaire items was accepted. Significant differences pointed to a more favorable level of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CR pupils than for NR pupils. Sex of Ss, however, was not a controlled factor, and significant differences did occur within groups with a higher percentage of females. (JB)

A study was done to determine what differences, if any, existed in the level of dental health knowledge between pupils at continuous resident (CR) schools (schools which employed a full-time dental hygienist) and pupils at nonresident (NR) schools (schools which provided only classroom instruction by the teacher). Demographic characteristics of the sample, such as socioeconomic status and educational level of Ss' parents, were controlled. Samples were drawn from the Denver public school system and an adjacent tri-county area. A 35-item, multiple-response questionnaire testing dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was administered. A 90% level of statistical confidence for questionnaire items was accepted. Significant differences pointed to a more favorable level of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CR pupils than for NR pupils. Sex of Ss, however, was not a controlled factor, and significant differences did occur within groups with a higher percentage of females. (JB)

A study was done to determine what differences, if any, existed in the level of dental health knowledge between pupils at continuous resident (CR) schools (schools which employed a full-time dental hygienist) and pupils at nonresident (NR) schools (schools which provided only classroom instruction by the teacher). Demographic characteristics of the sample, such as socioeconomic status and educational level of Ss' parents, were controlled. Samples were drawn from the Denver public school system and an adjacent tri-county area. A 35-item, multiple-response questionnaire testing dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was administered. A 90% level of statistical confidence for questionnaire items was accepted. Significant differences pointed to a more favorable level of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CR pupils than for NR pupils. Sex of Ss, however, was not a controlled factor, and significant differences did occur within groups with a higher percentage of females. (JB)

A study was done to determine what differences, if any, existed in the level of dental health knowledge between pupils at continuous resident (CR) schools (schools which employed a full-time dental hygienist) and pupils at nonresident (NR) schools (schools which provided only classroom instruction by the teacher). Demographic characteristics of the sample, such as socioeconomic status and educational level of Ss' parents, were controlled. Samples were drawn from the Denver public school system and an adjacent tri-county area. A 35-item, multiple-response questionnaire testing dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was administered. A 90% level of statistical confidence for questionnaire items was accepted. Significant differences pointed to a more favorable level of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CR pupils than for NR pupils. Sex of Ss, however, was not a controlled factor, and significant differences did occur within groups with a higher percentage of females. (JB)

A study was done to determine what differences, if any, existed in the level of dental health knowledge between pupils at continuous resident (CR) schools (schools which employed a full-time dental hygienist) and pupils at nonresident (NR) schools (schools which provided only classroom instruction by the teacher). Demographic characteristics of the sample, such as socioeconomic status and educational level of Ss' parents, were controlled. Samples were drawn from the Denver public school system and an adjacent tri-county area. A 35-item, multiple-response questionnaire testing dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was administered. A 90% level of statistical confidence for questionnaire items was accepted. Significant differences pointed to a more favorable level of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CR pupils than for NR pupils. Sex of Ss, however, was not a controlled factor, and significant differences did occur within groups with a higher percentage of females. (JB)

A study was done to determine what differences, if any, existed in the level of dental health knowledge between pupils at continuous resident (CR) schools (schools which employed a full-time dental hygienist) and pupils at nonresident (NR) schools (schools which provided only classroom instruction by the teacher). Demographic characteristics of the sample, such as socioeconomic status and educational level of Ss' parents, were controlled. Samples were drawn from the Denver public school system and an adjacent tri-county area. A 35-item, multiple-response questionnaire testing dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices was administered. A 90% level of statistical confidence for questionnaire items was accepted. Significant differences pointed to a more favorable level of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and practices for CR pupils than for NR pupils. Sex of Ss, however, was not a controlled factor, and significant differences did occur within groups with a higher percentage of females. (JB)

This article is from BMC Health Services Research , volume 14 . Abstract Background: The objective of this international comparative study is to describe and compare the mental health policies in seven countries of Eastern Europe that share their common communist history: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. Methods: The health policy questionnaire was developed and the country-specific information was gathered by local experts. The questionnaire includes both qualitative and quantitative information on various aspects of mental health policy: (1) basic country information (demography, health, and economic indicators), (2) health care financing, (3) mental health services (capacities and utilisation, ownership), (4) health service purchasing (purchasing organisations, contracting, reimbursement of services), and (5) mental health policy (policy documents, legislation, civic society). Results: The social and economic transition in the 1990s initiated the process of new mental health policy formulation, adoption of mental health legislation stressing human rights of patients, and a strong call for a pragmatic balance of community and hospital services. In contrast to the development in the Western Europe, the civic society was suppressed and NGOs and similar organizations were practically non-existent or under governmental control. Mental health services are financed from the public health insurance as any other health services. There is no separate budget for mental health. We can observe that the know-how about modern mental health care and about direction of needed reforms is available in documents, policies and programmes. However, this does not mean real implementation. Conclusions: The burden of totalitarian history still influences many areas of social and economic life, which also has to be taken into account in mental health policy. We may observe that after twenty years of health reforms and reforms of health reforms, the transition of the mental health systems still continues. In spite of many reform efforts in the past, a balance of community and hospital mental health services has not been achieved in this part of the world yet.

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This study examines the issue of whether U.S. Army Health Services Command (HSC) medical treatment facilities altered their Fiscal Year 1989 workload in response to the partial implementation of the new Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) based resourcing system. This Congresssionally mandated change for the military health care system has positive and negative aspects. This paper presents both sides of the issue, as well as an historical overview of DRGs. Definitions of terminology relating to the system and detail concerning the functioning of DRG based resource allocation provide an understanding of the statistical analysis which follows. This project examines variances and relationships in workload reporting for HSC and for individual facilities between FY88 and FY89 through statistical techniques. The study addresses reasons why facilities apparently have not found it in their interest to alter their workload. This research evaluates the impact of independent variables which measure resourcing and demography at each of the HSC medical treatment facilities on HSC workload, as counted in both medical care composite units (MCCUs) and medical work units (MWUs). After assessing the impact of these variables through regression analysis, this paper presents a model to predict both MWU and MCCU workload values given the influence of the demographic and resourcing variables.

This study examines the issue of whether U.S. Army Health Services Command (HSC) medical treatment facilities altered their Fiscal Year 1989 workload in response to the partial implementation of the new Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) based resourcing system. This Congresssionally mandated change for the military health care system has positive and negative aspects. This paper presents both sides of the issue, as well as an historical overview of DRGs. Definitions of terminology relating to the system and detail concerning the functioning of DRG based resource allocation provide an understanding of the statistical analysis which follows. This project examines variances and relationships in workload reporting for HSC and for individual facilities between FY88 and FY89 through statistical techniques. The study addresses reasons why facilities apparently have not found it in their interest to alter their workload. This research evaluates the impact of independent variables which measure resourcing and demography at each of the HSC medical treatment facilities on HSC workload, as counted in both medical care composite units (MCCUs) and medical work units (MWUs). After assessing the impact of these variables through regression analysis, this paper presents a model to predict both MWU and MCCU workload values given the influence of the demographic and resourcing variables.

This study examines the issue of whether U.S. Army Health Services Command (HSC) medical treatment facilities altered their Fiscal Year 1989 workload in response to the partial implementation of the new Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) based resourcing system. This Congresssionally mandated change for the military health care system has positive and negative aspects. This paper presents both sides of the issue, as well as an historical overview of DRGs. Definitions of terminology relating to the system and detail concerning the functioning of DRG based resource allocation provide an understanding of the statistical analysis which follows. This project examines variances and relationships in workload reporting for HSC and for individual facilities between FY88 and FY89 through statistical techniques. The study addresses reasons why facilities apparently have not found it in their interest to alter their workload. This research evaluates the impact of independent variables which measure resourcing and demography at each of the HSC medical treatment facilities on HSC workload, as counted in both medical care composite units (MCCUs) and medical work units (MWUs). After assessing the impact of these variables through regression analysis, this paper presents a model to predict both MWU and MCCU workload values given the influence of the demographic and resourcing variables.

Canadian governments and various stakeholder groups are advocating greater interprofessional collaboration amongst health care providers as a fundamental strategy for enhancing coordination and quality of care in the health care system. Interprofessional education for collaborative patient-centred practice (IECPCP) is an educational process by which students/learners (or workers) from different health professions learn together to improve collaboration. The educational system is believed to be a main determinant of interprofessional collaborative practice, yet academic institutions are largely influenced by accreditation, certification and licensure bodies. Accreditation processes have been linked to the continuous improvement of curricula in the health professions, and have also been identified as potential avenues for encouraging educational change and innovation. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the characteristics of the national accreditation systems of select Canadian health professional education programs at both the pre- and post-licensure educational levels and to show how these systems support and/or foster IECPCP. A review of the educational accreditation systems of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social work, occupational therapy and physiotherapy was undertaken through key informant interviews and an analysis of accreditation process documentation. The results of this comparative review suggest that accreditation systems are more prevalent across the health professions at a pre-licensure level. Accreditation at the post-licensure level, particularly at the continuing professional education level, appears to be less well established across the majority of health professions. Overall, the findings of the review also suggest that current accreditation systems do not appear to promote nor foster interprofessional education for collaborative patient-centred practice in a systematic manner through either accreditation processes or standards. Through a critical adult learning perspective we argue that in order for traditional uni-professional structures within the health professional education system to be challenged, the accreditation system needs to place greater value on interprofessional education for collaborative patient-centred practice. (Contains 1 note.)

Canadian governments and various stakeholder groups are advocating greater interprofessional collaboration amongst health care providers as a fundamental strategy for enhancing coordination and quality of care in the health care system. Interprofessional education for collaborative patient-centred practice (IECPCP) is an educational process by which students/learners (or workers) from different health professions learn together to improve collaboration. The educational system is believed to be a main determinant of interprofessional collaborative practice, yet academic institutions are largely influenced by accreditation, certification and licensure bodies. Accreditation processes have been linked to the continuous improvement of curricula in the health professions, and have also been identified as potential avenues for encouraging educational change and innovation. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the characteristics of the national accreditation systems of select Canadian health professional education programs at both the pre- and post-licensure educational levels and to show how these systems support and/or foster IECPCP. A review of the educational accreditation systems of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social work, occupational therapy and physiotherapy was undertaken through key informant interviews and an analysis of accreditation process documentation. The results of this comparative review suggest that accreditation systems are more prevalent across the health professions at a pre-licensure level. Accreditation at the post-licensure level, particularly at the continuing professional education level, appears to be less well established across the majority of health professions. Overall, the findings of the review also suggest that current accreditation systems do not appear to promote nor foster interprofessional education for collaborative patient-centred practice in a systematic manner through either accreditation processes or standards. Through a critical adult learning perspective we argue that in order for traditional uni-professional structures within the health professional education system to be challenged, the accreditation system needs to place greater value on interprofessional education for collaborative patient-centred practice. (Contains 1 note.)