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This study shows where school segregation is concentrated and where schools remain highly integrated. It offers the first national comparison of segregation by community size and reveals that segregation remains high in big cities and serious in mid-size central cities. Many African-American and Latino students also attend segregated schools in the suburbs of the largest metropolitan areas, while rural areas and small towns, small metropolitan areas, and the suburbs of the mid-size metro areas are far more integrated. States with more fragmented district structures tend to have higher levels of segregation, particularly in states having relatively small proportions of minority students who are concentrated in a few districts. Based on these and other study findings, the country and its schools are perceived as going through vast changes without any strategy. It appears that the civil rights impulse from the 1960s is dead and racial segregation is reemerging. This report recommends policies to school districts, state government, and federal civil rights and education officials to foster integrated education and to make interracial schools function more effectively. It calls for: (1) resumption of the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department; (2) restoration of federal aid for successful integration strategies; (3) basic research on the consequences of segregation by race, ethnicity and poverty; and (4) an examination of the ways in which multiracial education functions most effectively. (GLR)

This study is part of a regional study in industrial South Wales on the determinants of participation and non-participation in post-compulsory education and training, with special reference to processes of change in the patterns of these determinants over time and to variations between geographical areas. The study combines contextual analysis of secondary data about education and training providers with a regional study of several generations of families in South Wales (a door-to-door survey of 1,104 representative householders), semi-structured interviews, and taped oral histories conducted in 1996-97. This study reports evidence emphasizing the importance of social background as a determinant of patterns of participation in adult education and training. By investigating the potential predictors of these patterns, the study finds that school-based qualifications are not particularly significant but are themselves predictable from an individual's background characteristics. Lifelong patterns of participation are highly predictable, although the theoretical model used here to explain them also involves individual rationality. The situation is changing, however. Over the 50 years covered by the survey data, while initial education has lengthened, later participation in formal learning has decreased in frequency, duration, and the proportion funded by employers. Thus, while extended initial education is now far less determined by socioeconomic characteristics, including gender, later education and training is slightly more determined by socioeconomic characteristics, especially gender. (Contains 40 references.) (KC)

This study is part of a regional study in industrial South Wales on the determinants of participation and non-participation in post-compulsory education and training, with special reference to processes of change in the patterns of these determinants over time and to variations between geographical areas. The study combines contextual analysis of secondary data about education and training providers with a regional study of several generations of families in South Wales (a door-to-door survey of 1,104 representative householders), semi-structured interviews, and taped oral histories conducted in 1996-97. This study reports evidence emphasizing the importance of social background as a determinant of patterns of participation in adult education and training. By investigating the potential predictors of these patterns, the study finds that school-based qualifications are not particularly significant but are themselves predictable from an individual's background characteristics. Lifelong patterns of participation are highly predictable, although the theoretical model used here to explain them also involves individual rationality. The situation is changing, however. Over the 50 years covered by the survey data, while initial education has lengthened, later participation in formal learning has decreased in frequency, duration, and the proportion funded by employers. Thus, while extended initial education is now far less determined by socioeconomic characteristics, including gender, later education and training is slightly more determined by socioeconomic characteristics, especially gender. (Contains 40 references.) (KC)

A description and comparison of kinship relations among older and younger blacks and the changing conceptualizations of growing old and the changing status of older persons are presented. The sample consisted of 198 younger (under 50) and older (over 50) blacks in a low income area within a Southern city. The three major areas studied under kinship relations included interactional activities, mutual assistance patterns and subjective patterns of kinship relations. Regarding the changing conceptions of growing old, the younger persons were rejective of old age while older persons tended to emphasize some advantage, in addition to negative factors. With the probable increase in the number of unhealthy older blacks and negative attitudes toward the aged the status of the aged black will probably tend to more nearly approximate that of the elderly white. The maintenance of effective kinship relations however provides some base for companionship and assistance in old age and unless too many social workers interfere black communities will continue to maintain the greatest amount of support and comfort for the elderly and their aged will continue to try and be useful. (RM)

Early in the 198O's, the U.S. &med forces adopted "zero tolerance" policies concerning illicit drug use, and later developed policies to discourage tobacco and alcohol abuse. This article examines patterns of drug use among young recruits both before and after enlistment, compaired with age-mates who did not enter the military, and documents historical shifts across the past two decades. These analyses employed longitudinal panel data from 20 nationally representative samples of high school seniors.

Skyrocketing college tuitions and trillion-dollar student loan debt have put college and university spending in the spotlight. Policymakers, parents, and students are asking why tuitions at public four-year colleges and universities have soared nearly 160 percent since 1990 and how this is affecting the higher education workforce. This report looks at long-term employment changes on college and university campuses during the past two decades and examines fluctuations in faculty staffing patterns, growth in administrative positions, and the effects of the recent recession on long-standing employment trends. It goes beyond other studies (Zaback, 2011; Bennett, 2009) to explore the effects of these staffing changes on total compensation, institutional spending patterns, and ultimately tuitions. An appendix contains four table: (1) Average headcount and full-time equivalent (FTE) employees per 1,000 FTE students, 1990-2012; (2) Number of employees by job classification, 1990-2012; (3) Average number of employees per 1,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) students, by job classification, 1990-2012; and (4) Change in wage and salary expenditures per total FTE staff, FY 2002-FY 2010.

Drug use among American Indian (AI) youth continues at higher levels than those found among other youth. While the rates are higher, the patterns of increases and decreases over the past 30-year period have been similar, indicating that AI youth are part of the larger adolescent culture. There is a set of secular influences that affect the rates of drug use in both groups in the same manner. The major implication of these findings is that effective interventions in non-AI groups may also be eff ective among AI adolescents. Intervention activities, however, must be adapted to be culturally congruent. Despite rising concern over methamphetamine use on reservations, the data presented here indicate that, with the exception of two points in time, the rates have not increased substantially for AI youth who remain in school. School dropouts and young adults/adults may be more vulnerable to the abuse of methamphetamines and the rates of use may be higher in these groups. (Contains 2 figures and 1 table.)

Compared was the self-reported delinquent behavior among representative samples of approximately 1,400 American Boys and girls (13-to 16-years-old) during national surveys in 1967 and 1972. Adolescent Ss from 48 states were individually interviewed by a young adult of the same sex. Results indicated an increase in illicit drug (primarily marijuana) use, while the incidence of other kinds of delinquency declined among boys and remained stable among girls. The marked increase in drug use form 1967 to 1972 appeared to be a function of variables such as greater autonomy granted to adolescents by their parents, growing parental tolerance of marijuana use, and perceptions among teenagers of drug use as a more normal peer activity. (Appended are footnotes, explanations of survey items and correlational statistical tables). (Author/LH)

Changing patterns in graduate education were addressed at a meeting of the Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) in the United States. Topics of the conference included: opportunities and change in graduate education, interinstitutional cooperation in graduate programs for professionals, the future of graduate study in the humanities, decision-making in the dean's office, student-related legal problems of the academic dean, creativity and the creative climate in graduate preparation for careers, assessment of creativity in scientific problem-solving, the use of graduate record examination (GRE) scores in graduate admissions, the validity of GRE test scores, the analytical score of the GRE aptitude test, graduate education for international students, the impact of foreign students on graduate education from a Canadian perspective, interassociational activities of the Council of Graduate Schools within the field of international education, the future involvement of the Council of Graduate Schools in international education, a defense of affirmative action in graduate and professional programs, the vital role of research in graduate education, quality assessment in master's programs, implications of the Bakke case for graduate admissions, training program for graduate teaching assistants, and adapting curriculum and degree requirements for international students. The report of the CGS/GREB 1978-79 Survey of Graduate Enrollment, Part 1, is appended along with the CGS constitution and a list of member institutions. (SW)

To test the impact of mass communication on the modernization of individuals living in the countries of the Third World, a follow-up study was devised (the original occurred in 1962), whereby migrant residents in Ankara, Turkey, were interviewed regarding the effects of urbanization on their lives. While economic and living conditions had improved for the 65 original respondents interviewed, the study revealed very little change in behavior and attitudes, other than an overall decrease in the use of mass media and an increase in awareness regarding the value of voting to effect political change. The findings did not support theories that attribute great importance to the impact of urbanization and mass media in changing traditional lifestyle patterns. (Comparative tables are included.) (MAI)

This revised version of the 1988 essay "Working with Vietnamese High School Students" includes updated demographics, profiles of the Amerasian newcomers and the children of Vietnamese re-education internees, who have been among the latest arrivals from Southeast Asia, a review of the literature on Vietnamese students, and a discussion of key issues on which to focus when one works with these students. Vietnamese are now the sixth largest Asian American group in the United States. Successive waves of immigration have resulted in the presence in American classrooms of American-born students who are fluent in English, older immigrants who have lingering problems with English, and newly arrived immigrants. Although many early immigrants were characterized by an impressive academic achievement, many later groups came from conditions that broke down traditional expectations and family structures. These students, who include unaccompanied minors, arrive with many educational disadvantages. Teachers must accommodate adjustment problems and learning styles that may be much more passive than those of other students. One table and two maps illustrate the discussion. (Contains 29 references.) (SLD)

This revised version of the 1988 essay "Working with Vietnamese High School Students" includes updated demographics, profiles of the Amerasian newcomers and the children of Vietnamese re-education internees, who have been among the latest arrivals from Southeast Asia, a review of the literature on Vietnamese students, and a discussion of key issues on which to focus when one works with these students. Vietnamese are now the sixth largest Asian American group in the United States. Successive waves of immigration have resulted in the presence in American classrooms of American-born students who are fluent in English, older immigrants who have lingering problems with English, and newly arrived immigrants. Although many early immigrants were characterized by an impressive academic achievement, many later groups came from conditions that broke down traditional expectations and family structures. These students, who include unaccompanied minors, arrive with many educational disadvantages. Teachers must accommodate adjustment problems and learning styles that may be much more passive than those of other students. One table and two maps illustrate the discussion. (Contains 29 references.) (SLD)

This revised version of the 1988 essay "Working with Vietnamese High School Students" includes updated demographics, profiles of the Amerasian newcomers and the children of Vietnamese re-education internees, who have been among the latest arrivals from Southeast Asia, a review of the literature on Vietnamese students, and a discussion of key issues on which to focus when one works with these students. Vietnamese are now the sixth largest Asian American group in the United States. Successive waves of immigration have resulted in the presence in American classrooms of American-born students who are fluent in English, older immigrants who have lingering problems with English, and newly arrived immigrants. Although many early immigrants were characterized by an impressive academic achievement, many later groups came from conditions that broke down traditional expectations and family structures. These students, who include unaccompanied minors, arrive with many educational disadvantages. Teachers must accommodate adjustment problems and learning styles that may be much more passive than those of other students. One table and two maps illustrate the discussion. (Contains 29 references.) (SLD)

This revised version of the 1988 essay "Working with Vietnamese High School Students" includes updated demographics, profiles of the Amerasian newcomers and the children of Vietnamese re-education internees, who have been among the latest arrivals from Southeast Asia, a review of the literature on Vietnamese students, and a discussion of key issues on which to focus when one works with these students. Vietnamese are now the sixth largest Asian American group in the United States. Successive waves of immigration have resulted in the presence in American classrooms of American-born students who are fluent in English, older immigrants who have lingering problems with English, and newly arrived immigrants. Although many early immigrants were characterized by an impressive academic achievement, many later groups came from conditions that broke down traditional expectations and family structures. These students, who include unaccompanied minors, arrive with many educational disadvantages. Teachers must accommodate adjustment problems and learning styles that may be much more passive than those of other students. One table and two maps illustrate the discussion. (Contains 29 references.) (SLD)

This revised version of the 1988 essay "Working with Vietnamese High School Students" includes updated demographics, profiles of the Amerasian newcomers and the children of Vietnamese re-education internees, who have been among the latest arrivals from Southeast Asia, a review of the literature on Vietnamese students, and a discussion of key issues on which to focus when one works with these students. Vietnamese are now the sixth largest Asian American group in the United States. Successive waves of immigration have resulted in the presence in American classrooms of American-born students who are fluent in English, older immigrants who have lingering problems with English, and newly arrived immigrants. Although many early immigrants were characterized by an impressive academic achievement, many later groups came from conditions that broke down traditional expectations and family structures. These students, who include unaccompanied minors, arrive with many educational disadvantages. Teachers must accommodate adjustment problems and learning styles that may be much more passive than those of other students. One table and two maps illustrate the discussion. (Contains 29 references.) (SLD)

This revised version of the 1988 essay "Working with Vietnamese High School Students" includes updated demographics, profiles of the Amerasian newcomers and the children of Vietnamese re-education internees, who have been among the latest arrivals from Southeast Asia, a review of the literature on Vietnamese students, and a discussion of key issues on which to focus when one works with these students. Vietnamese are now the sixth largest Asian American group in the United States. Successive waves of immigration have resulted in the presence in American classrooms of American-born students who are fluent in English, older immigrants who have lingering problems with English, and newly arrived immigrants. Although many early immigrants were characterized by an impressive academic achievement, many later groups came from conditions that broke down traditional expectations and family structures. These students, who include unaccompanied minors, arrive with many educational disadvantages. Teachers must accommodate adjustment problems and learning styles that may be much more passive than those of other students. One table and two maps illustrate the discussion. (Contains 29 references.) (SLD)

This revised version of the 1988 essay "Working with Vietnamese High School Students" includes updated demographics, profiles of the Amerasian newcomers and the children of Vietnamese re-education internees, who have been among the latest arrivals from Southeast Asia, a review of the literature on Vietnamese students, and a discussion of key issues on which to focus when one works with these students. Vietnamese are now the sixth largest Asian American group in the United States. Successive waves of immigration have resulted in the presence in American classrooms of American-born students who are fluent in English, older immigrants who have lingering problems with English, and newly arrived immigrants. Although many early immigrants were characterized by an impressive academic achievement, many later groups came from conditions that broke down traditional expectations and family structures. These students, who include unaccompanied minors, arrive with many educational disadvantages. Teachers must accommodate adjustment problems and learning styles that may be much more passive than those of other students. One table and two maps illustrate the discussion. (Contains 29 references.) (SLD)

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Perma.cc archive of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500098 created on 2022-03-22 11:46:50.279306+00:00.

Perma.cc archive of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500098 created on 2022-03-22 11:46:50.279306+00:00.

Perma.cc archive of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500098 created on 2022-03-22 11:46:50.279306+00:00.

Perma.cc archive of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500098 created on 2022-03-22 11:46:50.279306+00:00.

Perma.cc archive of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500098 created on 2022-03-22 11:46:50.279306+00:00.

Music De Wolfe - DWS/LP 3305 Orchestral and Brass Music for Sports,Drama and Lighter Moods. A1 S. Park * – Big Shot A2 B. Stoller * – Spin Of A Coin A3 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Cup Tie A4 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – When The Saints March On A5 H. Chappell * – Cup Fever A6 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Nobby's March A7 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Interval A8 J. Trombey * – All Change A9 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – On The Park A10 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne *  /  J. Trombey *  /  N. Ingman * – Off The Cuff Links B1 Joan Shakespeare – Journey's End B2 D. Scott * – Harpsy Trot B3 J. Trombey * – Question Mark B4 D. Scott * – Leaf Green B5 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Rain Cloud B6 J. Trombey * – Tension Chase B7 J. Trombey * – Hair Spray B8 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Changing Patterns B9 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Sad Day B10 J. Trombey * – Noble Melody B11 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Brief Candle B12 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Decision B13 J. Trombey * – Impetus B14 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Chimes A Changing B15 J. Shakespeare *  /  D. Warne * – Resolution

Includes index

Downloaded from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Youtube channel on 2025-02-01 18:31:45 https://youtube.com/watch?v=YF6UqpgtL9Q -------- This time series of county-level maps of heart disease mortality documents a dramatic geographic shift over time. Whereas in 1974 the highest heart disease death rates were concentrated in the Northeast, by 2019 the highest rates had shifted to the Deep South. This video can also be viewed at https://www.cdc.gov/wcms/video/low-res/dhdsp/2023/67776777cvd-map-animation.mp4

The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in the consumption patterns of the global community. In the digital era, consumers increasingly rely on e-commerce platforms, social media and app-based services to fulfill their needs. This research aims to explore how changes in consumption patterns in the digital era affect consumer behavior and its impact on the global economy. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design and descriptive analysis to analyze the impact of economic digitalization on consumer consumption patterns, as well as the changes that occur in the business sector, especially in developing countries. The research found that digital consumers tend to be more informed, demand personalization, and care more about sustainability issues. E-commerce is a key element that is changing the way consumers interact with the market. In addition, digitalization is driving innovation in global business models, although it poses challenges such as digital inequality and data privacy. The results of this study provide important insights for governments and businesses to design strategies that are inclusive, sustainable and innovative. Policies and technological innovations need to be geared towards supporting changing consumption patterns, mitigating the challenges of digitalization, and capitalizing on global economic opportunities.

The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in the consumption patterns of the global community. In the digital era, consumers increasingly rely on e-commerce platforms, social media and app-based services to fulfill their needs. This research aims to explore how changes in consumption patterns in the digital era affect consumer behavior and its impact on the global economy. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design and descriptive analysis to analyze the impact of economic digitalization on consumer consumption patterns, as well as the changes that occur in the business sector, especially in developing countries. The research found that digital consumers tend to be more informed, demand personalization, and care more about sustainability issues. E-commerce is a key element that is changing the way consumers interact with the market. In addition, digitalization is driving innovation in global business models, although it poses challenges such as digital inequality and data privacy. The results of this study provide important insights for governments and businesses to design strategies that are inclusive, sustainable and innovative. Policies and technological innovations need to be geared towards supporting changing consumption patterns, mitigating the challenges of digitalization, and capitalizing on global economic opportunities.

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Tracklist: 1. Adjectives 2. Adverbs 3. Degree Words 4. Comparisons 5. Good Usage 6. Review And Assignment 7. Pronounciation Of "I" 8. Misplaced "s" After "mine" 9. Misplaced "s" After "people" 10. Omitted "s" After "cent" 11. "'s" As Abridged "is" Or Possessive 12. Misplaced "s" After "where" 13. "'s" In Present Tense, Third Person Singular 14. Conjugation 15. "To Be" 16. Practice 17. Summary And Assignment

Tracklist: 1. Adjectives 2. Adverbs 3. Degree Words 4. Comparisons 5. Good Usage 6. Review And Assignment 7. Pronounciation Of "I" 8. Misplaced "s" After "mine" 9. Misplaced "s" After "people" 10. Omitted "s" After "cent" 11. "'s" As Abridged "is" Or Possessive 12. Misplaced "s" After "where" 13. "'s" In Present Tense, Third Person Singular 14. Conjugation 15. "To Be" 16. Practice 17. Summary And Assignment

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Objectives: To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia. Setting: India. Population: 164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states. Main outcome measure: Anaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Objectives: To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia. Setting: India. Population: 164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states. Main outcome measure: Anaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Objectives: To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia. Setting: India. Population: 164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states. Main outcome measure: Anaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Objectives: To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia. Setting: India. Population: 164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states. Main outcome measure: Anaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Objectives: To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia. Setting: India. Population: 164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states. Main outcome measure: Anaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Objectives: To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia. Setting: India. Population: 164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states. Main outcome measure: Anaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Objectives: To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia. Setting: India. Population: 164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states. Main outcome measure: Anaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Objectives: To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia. Setting: India. Population: 164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states. Main outcome measure: Anaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 3 . Abstract Objectives: To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia. Setting: India. Population: 164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states. Main outcome measure: Anaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (

Compilation of films and German and British TV programs about BAT's ultra-low tar Barclay cigarette, its new Actron filter, and claims by Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds that many smokers of these cigarettes were blocking ventilation holes in filters and that the cigarette delivered more tar than the company advertised.